Parsettens Alp, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden), Switzerland
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| Latitude & Longitude (WGS84): | 46° 34' 23'' North , 9° 41' 4'' East |
|---|---|
| Latitude & Longitude (decimal): | 46.57306,9.68444 |
| GeoHash: | G#: u0qbuq7gx |
| Locality type: | Mountain |
| Köppen climate type: | ET : Tundra |
| Name(s) in local language(s): | Alp Parsettens, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albulatal, Graubünden (Grisons; Grischun), Schweiz (Suisse; Svizzera) |
A former Mn mine located 12.9 km SE of Tiefencastel at N46.57313 E9.68438 (Parsettens I, Swiss grid 772138 160447) and at N46.57114 E9.68267 (Parsettens II, Swiss grid 772013 160223)
First records about mining in these parts of Switzerland date from the 14th century, but the mines around Tinzen are first mentioned in 1819. The French company operating the mines collapsed around 1840 due to mismanagement. Several records show that a only a small amount of Mn-ore was mined till 1900.
The mine was important during WW I and WW II when the import of Mn-ore was difficult.
The workings consisted of 2 open pits, Parsettens I and Parsettens II - dumps and pits are standing out in the alpine landscape -, plus 5 small pits (probably for prospecting).
The mine could be operated during summer only. The ore was transported by cable car from II to I (earlier by ox cart), tramway down the mountain to Alp D’Err ('Bremsberg', track is still visible) and then by truck and railway to the processing plant and to the steel mills.
1916 – 1919 about 1700 t of Mn-ore were shipped with an average of 36% Mn from the mine on Alp Parsettens.
1942 to 1945 about 2500 t of Mn-ore were mined on Alp Parsettens.
Now this mine is of interest to the mineral collector’s community only.
Regions containing this locality
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsMineral List
29 valid minerals. 3 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O Reference: Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 35 |
| ⓘ Anatase Formula: TiO2 |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Ardennite-(As) Formula: Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 Reference: Geiger T. & Cabalzar W. Ardennit - Ein Neufund von der Alp Parsettens, Val d'Err GR. Schweizer Strahler Nr.5, S. 201 - 211, (1989) |
| ⓘ Arseniopleite Formula: (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| ⓘ Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) Formula: CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 Reference: U. Kolitsch & J. Gröbner (single-crystal X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS) |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 |
| ⓘ Birnessite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O Reference: Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 409. |
| ⓘ Braunite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Cryptomelane Formula: K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 Reference: Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 243. |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ Lindbergite Formula: Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O Reference: American Mineralogist, 89, 1087-1091; Graeser, G. & Gabriel, W. (2016): Falottait (MnC2O4)·3H2O) - ein neues Oxalat-Mineral aus den Schweizer Alpen. Schweizer Strahler 50 (3), 20-27. |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Manganberzeliite Formula: NaCa2Mn2+2(AsO4)3 |
| ⓘ Manganite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ 'Manganoan Calcite' Formula: (Ca,Mn)CO3 Reference: Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 348. |
| ⓘ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Opal var: Opal-AN Formula: SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Parsettensite (TL) Formula: (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O Type Locality: Parsettens Alp, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden), Switzerland Reference: Schweiz.Min.Petr.Mitt.(1923) 3, 227-237 |
| ⓘ Piemontite Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 304. |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var: Chalcedony Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Ranciéite Formula: (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| ⓘ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 Reference: Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 348. |
| ⓘ Rhodonite Formula: Mn2+SiO3 Reference: Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 349. |
| ⓘ Sursassite (TL) Formula: Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 Type Locality: Parsettens Alp, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden), Switzerland Reference: Schweiz.Min.Petr.Mitt.(1926) 6, 376-380 |
| ⓘ Takanelite Formula: (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
| ⓘ Tilasite Formula: CaMg(AsO4)F |
| ⓘ Tinzenite (TL) Formula: Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 Type Locality: Parsettens Alp, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden), Switzerland Reference: Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 403-404. |
| ⓘ Todorokite Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O Reference: Perseil E.A. Untersuchungen über die Anwesenheit von Strontium in den Manganvererzungen von Falotta und Parsettens (GR). Schweiz. mineral. petrogr. Mitt.70, 315 - 310 (1990) |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | 'Anatase' | 4.DD.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | 'Birnessite' | 4.FL.45 | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| ⓘ | Cryptomelane | 4.DK.05a | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Manganite | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | var: Opal-AN | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var: Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Ranciéite | 4.FL.40 | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| ⓘ | Takanelite | 4.FL.40 | (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Todorokite | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | 'Aragonite' | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | 'Calcite' | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | 'Baryte' | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | 'Arseniopleite' | 8.AC.10 | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)' | 8.BL.13 | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Manganberzeliite | 8.AC.25 | NaCa2Mn2+2(AsO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Tilasite | 8.BH.10 | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | 'Albite' | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | 'Analcime' | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Ardennite-(As)' | 9.BJ.40 | Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | 'Braunite' | 9.AG.05 | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| ⓘ | Parsettensite (TL) | 9.EG.40 | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Piemontite | 9.BG.05 | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Rhodonite | 9.DK.05 | Mn2+SiO3 |
| ⓘ | Sursassite (TL) | 9.BG.15 | Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| ⓘ | Tinzenite (TL) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| Group 10 - Organic Compounds | |||
| ⓘ | Lindbergite | 10.AB.05 | Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | Manganoan Calcite | - | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
| Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A2X3 | |||
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.3.1.2 | Fe2O3 |
| AX2 | |||
| ⓘ | Anatase | 4.4.4.1 | TiO2 |
| Group 6 - HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL | |||
| XO(OH) | |||
| ⓘ | Manganite | 6.1.3.1 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES | |||
| (AB)2X3 | |||
| ⓘ | Birnessite | 7.5.3.1 | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| ⓘ | Braunite | 7.5.1.3 | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| AB3X7 | |||
| ⓘ | Todorokite | 7.8.1.1 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| AB8X16 | |||
| ⓘ | Cryptomelane | 7.9.1.2 | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| AB4X9 | |||
| ⓘ | Ranciéite | 7.10.1.1 | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| ⓘ | Takanelite | 7.10.1.2 | (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
| Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
| A(XO3) | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 14.1.1.1 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 14.1.1.4 | MnCO3 |
| Group 16a - ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| ⓘ | Malachite | 16a.3.1.1 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 28 - ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 28.3.1.1 | BaSO4 |
| Group 38 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES | |||
| (AB)5(XO4)3 | |||
| ⓘ | Arseniopleite | 38.2.2.2 | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Manganberzeliite | 38.2.1.2 | NaCa2Mn2+2(AsO4)3 |
| Group 41 - ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)2(XO4)Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | 41.5.11.1 | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Tilasite | 41.5.6.1 | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Group 56 - SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O | |||
| Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Tinzenite (TL) | 56.2.2.4 | Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| Group 58 - SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups | |||
| Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2) | |||
| ⓘ | Piemontite | 58.2.1a.11 | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Sursassite (TL) | 58.2.3.1 | Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with insular single and triple groups (n=1, 3) | |||
| ⓘ | Ardennite-(As) | 58.3.1.1 | Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1) | |||
| Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=5 | |||
| ⓘ | Rhodonite | 65.4.1.1 | Mn2+SiO3 |
| Group 74 - PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers | |||
| Modulated Layers with joined islands | |||
| ⓘ | Parsettensite (TL) | 74.1.3.1 | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with H2O and organics | |||
| ⓘ | Opal | 75.2.1.1 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
| Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 76.1.3.1 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Group 77 - TECTOSILICATES Zeolites | |||
| Zeolite group - True zeolites | |||
| ⓘ | Analcime | 77.1.1.1 | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | Aragonite | - | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Lindbergite | - | Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Manganoan Calcite' | - | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| ⓘ | Opal var: Opal-AN | - | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Quartz var: Chalcedony | - | SiO2 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Ardennite-(As) | Mn42+Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lindbergite | Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Opal (var: Opal-AN) | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Sursassite | Mn22+Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Takanelite | (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tinzenite | Ca2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tinzenite | Ca2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Lindbergite | Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Manganoan Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Ardennite-(As) | Mn42+Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz (var: Chalcedony) | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Lindbergite | Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Manganberzeliite | NaCa2Mn22+(AsO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Manganoan Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Opal (var: Opal-AN) | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Rhodonite | Mn2+SiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Sursassite | Mn22+Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Takanelite | (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Tinzenite | Ca2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| Na | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Manganberzeliite | NaCa2Mn22+(AsO4)3 |
| Na | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Ardennite-(As) | Mn42+Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Mg | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Ardennite-(As) | Mn42+Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Sursassite | Mn22+Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Tinzenite | Ca2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Ardennite-(As) | Mn42+Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| Si | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz (var: Chalcedony) | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Opal (var: Opal-AN) | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Rhodonite | Mn2+SiO3 |
| Si | ⓘ Sursassite | Mn22+Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Tinzenite | Ca2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| K | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Manganberzeliite | NaCa2Mn22+(AsO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Manganoan Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Takanelite | (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Ca | ⓘ Tinzenite | Ca2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Ardennite-(As) | Mn42+Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Lindbergite | Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganberzeliite | NaCa2Mn22+(AsO4)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganoan Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Parsettensite | (K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Piemontite | {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodonite | Mn2+SiO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Sursassite | Mn22+Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Takanelite | (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Tinzenite | Ca2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Ardennite-(As) | Mn42+Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
| As | ⓘ Arseniopleite | (Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3 |
| As | ⓘ Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| As | ⓘ Manganberzeliite | NaCa2Mn22+(AsO4)3 |
| As | ⓘ Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
Regional Geology
This geological map and associated information on rock units at or nearby to the coordinates given for this locality is based on relatively small scale geological maps provided by various national Geological Surveys. This does not necessarily represent the complete geology at this locality but it gives a background for the region in which it is found.
Click on geological units on the map for more information. Click here to view full-screen map on Macrostrat.org
| Mesozoic 66 - 251.902 Ma ID: 3153595 | Penninic nappes, Southern Alps Age: Mesozoic (66 - 251.902 Ma) Reference: Asch, K. The 1:5M International Geological Map of Europe and Adjacent Areas: Development and Implementation of a GIS-enabled Concept. Geologisches Jahrbuch, SA 3. [147] |
| Jurassic 145 - 201.3 Ma ID: 2356025 | Biogene Sedimentgesteine und Evaporite Age: Jurassic (145 - 201.3 Ma) Lithology: Biogenic carbonate rocks and evaporite Reference: Geological Institute. Geological Map of Switzerland 1:500,000. isbn: 3906723399. University of Bern. [49] |
| Cambrian - Proterozoic 485.4 - 2500 Ma ID: 3189284 | Precambrian-Phanerozoic crystalline metamorphic rocks Age: to Cambrian (485.4 - 2500 Ma) Comments: Alps Lithology: Crystalline metamorphic rocks Reference: Chorlton, L.B. Generalized geology of the world: bedrock domains and major faults in GIS format: a small-scale world geology map with an extended geological attribute database. doi: 10.4095/223767. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 5529. [154] |
Data and map coding provided by Macrostrat.org, used under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
References
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Schwarzenbach (1881): Analyse von Manganerz aus dem Oberhalbstein. In: Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Bern, 1881. Sitzungsbericht, p. 26.
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Heim, Albert (1899):. Die Eisenerze des Avers und die Manganerze von Oberhalbstein. Eclogae Geologica Helvetica, IV, 1899, p. 491.
Tarnuzzer, Ch. , Nussbaumer G. et Lorenz, P. (1900) : Notice sur quelques gisements métallifères du Canton des Grisons, Coire 1900, S. 23 – 26, 38. In : Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubünden, Bd. XLIII, 1900.
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Krahmann, M. (1917): Zeitschrift für praktische Geologie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lagerstättenkunde, Band 24.
Jahresbericht (1919) der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubündens, p. 54.
Fehlmann, H. (1919): Der schweizerische Bergbau während des I. Weltkrieges. Schweiz. Volkswirtschaftsdepartement, Bergbaubüro, Verlag Kümmerly & Frey.
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Jakob, J. (1923): Vier Mangansilikate aus dem Val d'Err (Kt. Graubünden). In: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, Vol. 3, p.227-237. (Sursassit, Tinzenit und Parsettensit).
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Jakob, J. (1931): Über die chemische Formel und die optischen Daten des Sursassit. In: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, Vol. 11, p.56-66.
Jakob, J. (1933): Die Manganerzlagerstätten zwischen Val d'Err und Roffna (Oberhalbstein), ihre Begleitminerale und ihre Genesis. In: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, Vol. 13, p.17-39.
Früh, J. (1932): Geographie der Schweiz.
Niggli, P., Koenigsberger, J. G. & Parker, R. L. (1940): Die Mineralien der Schweizer Alpen. Verlag B. Wipf & Company.
Glauser, A. (1946): Abschliessender bergwirtschaftlicher Bericht über die Manganerzlagerstätte Parsettens.
Fehlmann, H. (1947): Der schweizerische Bergbau während des II. Weltkrieges. Büro für Bergbau des eidgenössischen Kriegs-, Industrie- und Arbeitsamtes.
Geiger, Th. (1948): Manganerze in den Radiolariten Graubündens. Beiträge zur Geologie der Schweiz, 27, 85 pp. [http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:21226/eth-21226-01.pdf]
Kündig, E. & de Quervain, F. (1953) : Fundstellen mineralischer Rohstoffe in der Schweiz, p.117, 118, 188.
Cadisch, J. (1953): Geologie der Schweizer Alpen.
Parker, R. L. (1954): Die Mineralfunde der Schweizer Alpen.
Wehrli, H-R. (1954): Die Eisenerzeugung der Schweiz im zweiten Weltkrieg. p. 107, 112.
Stucky, K. (1960): Die Eisen- und Manganerze in der Trias des Val Ferrera. In: Beiträge zur Geologie der Schweiz. Lieferung 37, 1960, p.13, 55.
Grunau, H. R. (1965): Radiolarian cherts and associated rocks in space and time. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 58, 157-208.
Weibel, M., Graeser, St., Oberholzer, W. F., Stalder, H.A. & Gabriel, W. (1966): Die Mineralien der Schweiz. Ein mineralogischer Führer, p. 22, 182, 201.
Dietrich, V. (1969): Die Ophiolithe des Oberhalbsteins, Graubünden und das Ophiolithmaterial der ostschweizerischen Molasseablagerungen: Ein petrographischer Vergleich.
Graeser, S., Oberholzer, W.F. & Stalder, H.A. (1978): Mineral-Neufunde aus der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete III. In: Schweizer Strahler, Nr.11, p. 441-452.
Graeser, S., Oberholzer, W.F., Stalder, H.A. & Schenker, F. (1979): Mineral-Neufunde aus der Schweiz und angrenzenden Gebieten IV. In: Schweizer Strahler, Nr.4, p.141-154.
Vobornyo, O. (1980): Geologie des Carungas. Diplomarbeit, ETH Zürich.
Graeser, S., Oberholzer, W.F., Schmutz, L. & Stalder, H.A. (1981): Mineral-Neufunde aus der Schweiz und angrenzenden Gebieten V. Schweizer Strahler, Nr. 11, 437-467.
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Graeser, St., Schwander, H. & Suhner, B. (1984): Grischunit (CaMn2[AsO4]2), eine neue Mineralart aus den Schweizer Alpen. In: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 64, 1- 10.
Suana, M. (1984): Die Manganerzlagerstätten von Tinizong (Oberhalbstein, Graubünden). Beiträge zur Geologie der Schweiz, Schweizerische Geotechnische Serie 64, 1-93. (pp. 66–80)
Geiger, Th. & Cabalzar, W. (1989): Ardennit - Ein Neufund von der Alp Parsettens, Val d'Err GR. Schweizer Strahler Nr. 5, 201-211.
Perseil, E.A. (1990): Sur la présence du strontium dans les minéralisations manganésifières de Falotta et de Parsettens (Grisons - Suisse) - évolution des paragenèses. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 70, 315-320.
Roberts, W. L.; Campbell, Th. J., & Rapp, G. R. (1990): Encyclopedia of Minerals.
Graeser, St. (1991): Geigerit - ein neues Mineral aus den Schweizer Alpen. In: Schweizer Strahler Nr. 2, p. 59 – 75, 1991.
Graeser, St. (1995): Bergslagit aus den Schweizeralpen. In: Der Aufschluss, p. 15 , 1995.
Gmelin, L. (1996): Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Mn – Manganese.
Nicholson, K. Hein, J. R., Bühn, B. & Dasgupta, S. (1997): Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of of Terrestrial And Marine Deposits. In: Special Publication No. 119, Geological Society.
Stalder, H.A., Wagner, A., Graeser, St. & Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz.
Brun, E. (1998): 3000 Jahre Bergbaugeschichte im Oberhalbstein (Graubünden. In: Anschnitt. Zeitschrift für Kunst und Kultur im Bergbau, Volume 50, 1998, Heft 4, p. 145 – 153.
Hochleither, R. (1999): Tinzenit. In: Lapis. Jg. 24, Nr. 3, p. 9-11, 1999.
Aemisegger B., 1999: Geotopausscheidung 1999. Amt für Natur und Landschaft Graubünden. Unveröff. Interner Bericht.
Melgarejo i Drager, J. C. (2003): Atlas de asociaciones minerales en lamina delgada.
Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Graeser, S., Matioli, P.A. & Menezes Filho, L.A.D. (2004): Lindbergite, a new Mn oxalate dihydrate from Boca Rica mine, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurences. American Mineralogist, 89, 1087-1091.
Roth, Ph. (2007): Minerals first discovered in Switzerland and Minerals named after Swiss individuals.
Klinger, H.P (2007): Die Mangan-Vorkommen von Falotta und Parsettens im bündnerischen Oberhalbstein, Schweiz. I. 1/2007, p. 24-26. EGMA-News, Hannover, ISSN 1865-5637.
Klinger, H.P. (2007): Die Mineralien der Mangan-Lagerstätte Parsettens und Falotta im Oberhalbstein, Graubünden. II. 2/2007, p. 20-27, EGMA-News (European Geol. & Mineral. Assoc.) Hannover, ISSN 1865-5637.
Pfiffner, O. A. (2010): Geologie der Alpen. Verlag UTB.
Roth, Ph. & Meisser, N. (2013): Die seltenen Mineralien der Bündner Manganvorkommen. In: Schweizer Strahler 47 (3), 8-21 (in German and French).
External Links
http://homepage.hispeed.ch/KlingerMinerals/mineralien-parsettens.htm
http://homepage.swissonline.ch/KlingerMinerals/
http://homepage.swissonline.ch/KlingerMinerals/weitere-bilder.htm
http://dav0.bgdi.admin.ch/kogis_web/downloads/geologie/geotope/geotope-CH_266.pdf (Geotope CH)
http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:21226/eth-21226-01.pdf (Th. Geiger 1948)
http://homepage.swissonline.ch/KlingerMinerals/
http://homepage.swissonline.ch/KlingerMinerals/weitere-bilder.htm
http://dav0.bgdi.admin.ch/kogis_web/downloads/geologie/geotope/geotope-CH_266.pdf (Geotope CH)
http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:21226/eth-21226-01.pdf (Th. Geiger 1948)
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Parsettens Alp, Tinizong, Oberhalbstein, Albula Valley, Grischun, Switzerland