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Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy i
Regional Level Types
Palagonia Commune
Metropolitan City of Catania Metropolitan City
Sicily Autonomous Region
Italy Country

Regional Level Types
Palagonia	Commune
Metropolitan City of Catania	Metropolitan City
Sicily	Autonomous Region
Italy	Country

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Key

Chabazite-Na

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Phillipsite subgroup

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Phillipsite subgroup

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Chabazite-Na

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Phillipsite subgroup

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Phillipsite subgroup

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Chabazite-Na

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Phillipsite subgroup

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Neighbouring regions:

Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Locality type:

Commune

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
Palagonia	16,227 (2014)

Other Languages:

View 35 more...

French:

Palagonia, Ville métropolitaine de Catane (Province de Catane), Sicile, Italie

German:

Palagonia, Metropolitanstadt Catania (Provinz Catania), Sizilien, Italien

Italian:

Palagonia, Città metropolitana di Catania (Provincia di Catania), Sicilia, Italia

Russian:

Палагония, Метрополийный город Катания (Провинция Каиания), Сицилия, Италия

Simplified Chinese:

帕拉戈尼亚, 卡塔尼亞, 西西里岛, 意大利

Spanish:

Palagonia, Ciudad metropolitana de Catania (Provincia de Catania), Sicilia, Italia

Arabic:

بالاغونيا, قطانية, صقلية, إيطاليا

Armenian:

Պալագոնիա, Սիցիլիա, Իտալիա

Basque:

Palagonia, Sizilia, Italia

Bulgarian:

Палагония, Сицилия, Италия

Catalan:

Palagonia, Catània, Sicília, Itàlia

Cebuano:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Italya

Dutch:

Palagonia, Sicilië, Italië

Esperanto:

Palagonia, Sicilio, Italio

Farsi/Persian:

پالاگونیا, سیسیل, ایتالیا

Hebrew:

פלגוניה, קטניה, סיציליה, איטליה

Hungarian:

Palagonia, Szicília, Olaszország

Japanese:

パラゴニーア, シチリア, イタリア

Kazakh (Cyrillic Script):

Палагония, Сицилия, Италия

Latin:

Palica, Urbs metropolitana Catanensis, Sicilia, Italia

Lombard:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Italia

Malay:

Palagonia, Sicily, Itali

Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Italia

Neapolitan:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Italia

Piedmontese:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Italia

Polish:

Palagonia, Katania, Sycylia, Włochy

Portuguese:

Palagonia, Catânia, Sicília, Itália

Romanian:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Italia

Serbian:

Palagonia, Сицилија, Италија

Serbo-Croatian:

Palagonia, Metropolitanski grad Catania, Sicilija, Italija

Sicilian:

Palagunìa, Cità metropulitana di Catania (Pruvincia di Catania), Sicilia, Italia

South Azerbaijani:

پالاقونیا, سیسیل, ایتالیا

Swedish:

Palagonia, Sicilien, Italien

Tagalog:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Italya

Tarantino:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Itaglie

Turkish:

Palagonia, Sicilya, İtalya

Ukrainian:

Палагонья, Катанія, Сицилія, Італія

Uzbek (Latin Script):

Palagonia, Italiya

Vietnamese:

Palagonia, Thành phố đô thị Catania, Sicilia, Ý

Volapük:

Palagonia, Litaliyän

Waray:

Palagonia, Sicilia, Italya

Basaltic breccia.

The locality of Palagonia has given the name to palagonite (Sartorious von Waltershausen, 1853; Des Cloizeaux, 1862), an alteration product around the outer rind of basaltic glasses subjected to the action of water. Its structure and especially its chemical composition vary signiﬁcantly from one sample to another. There is generally a very distinct border between the pristine glass, or "sideromelane", and the alteration rind; observed by optical microscopy, the latter is characterised by it orange-yellow colouration in natural light and sometimes by slight birefringence in polarized light, while the glass itself is isotropic and honey-coloured. According to recent studies, palagonite may be classiﬁed into two broad categories. The ﬁrst is characterised by an amorphous gel, suggesting to many authors that it results from simple hydration of the glass. In other cases it consists of smectitic clay minerals, crystallized to some extent. Palagonite may form by coprecipitation of glass constituent elements that are initially solubilised, as generally observed for non-zeolitic samples. Palagonite may also form by interdiffusion processes in a residual hydrated glass: this is generally the case for zeolitic samples (Crovisier et al., 1987; Crovisier et al., 2003).

Beside the well-known outcrop at the foot of Monte Caliella, there are other outcrops of volcanics in the municipal territory of Palagonia, but systematic researches for minerals are often prevented by the presence of cultivated lands and highly urbanised areas. Di Franco (1927) described crystals of fluorine-free apophyllite, i.e. hydroxyapophyllite-(K), in basalt cavities in association with "phillipsite" and "herschelite" (presently chabazite-Na). The presence of apophyllite in the Palagonia area, in association with "phillipsite, analcime, and vivianite, was already reported at Contrada Portelle, a disused toponym mentioned by Gemmellaro (1856). Sturiale (1963) described "phillipsite" (now considered phillipsite-Na), epistilbite, "herschelite" (presently chabazite-Na), and analcime from effusive lavas and hyaloclastites evidenced by water well drilling at Contrada Santa Febbronia, about 3 km NE of Palagonia.

NB: The phase which occurres at Monte Caliella is most probably tetranatrolite which in this page is listed as gonnardite.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Dana Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

22 valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ Hyaloclastite

ⓘ 'Pillow lava'

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aluminoceladonite ?

Formula: K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy ? (more information)
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy ? (more information)

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Analcime

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Analcime

Formula: Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Aragonite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Calcite, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Chabazite-Ca, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Chabazite-Ca

Formula: (Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Chabazite-Na

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Chabazite-Na

Formula: (Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Epistilbite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O

Reference: Sturiale, C. (1963): Rinvenimento di alcune zeoliti in ialoclastiti presso Palagonia (distretto eruttivo Ibleo-Sicilia). Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana, 19, 209-212; Sturiale, C. (1963) Rinvenimento di alcune zeoliti in ialoclastiti presso Palagonia (distretto eruttivo Ibleo -Sicilia). Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana, 19, 209-212.

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂SiO₄

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Gismondine

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Gismondine'

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Ciriotti, M.E. & Biagioni, C. (2011): Pot-pourri 2011: identificazioni di minerali di interesse. Micro, 3/2011, 125-133

ⓘ 'Glass'

Localities:

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).

ⓘ 'Glass var. Palagonite'

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010) Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2-2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca

Formula: Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Gmelinite-Na

Formula: Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Gonnardite ?

Formula: (Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408

ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)

Formula: KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O

Reference: Gemellaro, G.G. (1856): Descrizione d'alcune specieminerali dei vulcani estinti di Palagonia. Memoria II. Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Serie II, 12, 145-157

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides'

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Gaetano Sicurella collection

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides var. Manganese Dendrites'

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Gaetano Sicurella collection

ⓘ ~~Mesolite~~

Formula: Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy - erroneously reported

Description: As white globular aggregates. According to XRD analyses performed on old specimens classified as "mesolite", the globular mineral is compatiple with tetranatrolite or natrolite (Sicurella et al., 2010).

Reference: Ponte, G. (1908) Mesolite di Palagonia. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, serie 5, 1, 1-5.

Natrolite, etc.

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Natrolite

Formula: Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O

Localities:

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408

Phillipsite-Ca, etc.

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca

Formula: (Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Phillipsite-K

Formula: (K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Phillipsite-Na

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Phillipsite-Na

Formula: (Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Smectite Group, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010) Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2-2010, 371-408.

Tacharanite

Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Tacharanite

Formula: Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Tetranatrolite

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Tetranatrolite' ?

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010) Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2-2010, 371-408.

Thaumasite, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Thaumasite

Formula: Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca ?

Formula: NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O

Reference: Gemellaro, G.G. (1856): Descrizione d'alcune specieminerali dei vulcani estinti di Palagonia. Memoria II. Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Serie II, 12, 145-157

ⓘ Tobermorite

Formula: [Ca₄Si₆O₁₇ · 2H₂O] · (Ca · 3H₂O)

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Vivianite

Formula: Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O

Reference: Gemellaro, G.G. (1856): Descrizione d'alcune specieminerali dei vulcani estinti di Palagonia. Memoria II. Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Serie II, 12, 145-157

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Aragonite	5.AB.15	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Thaumasite	7.DG.15	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Vivianite	8.CE.40	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Aluminoceladonite ?	9.EC.15	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Analcime	9.GB.05	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Chabazite-Ca	9.GD.10	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Chabazite-Na	9.GD.10	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Epistilbite	9.GD.45	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂SiO₄
ⓘ	'Gismondine'	9..
ⓘ	Gmelinite-Ca	9.GD.05	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
ⓘ	Gmelinite-Na	9.GD.05	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
ⓘ	Gonnardite ?	9.GA.05	(Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	9.EA.15	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Mesolite ?	9.GA.05	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Natrolite	9.GA.05	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Phillipsite-Ca	9.GC.10	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
ⓘ	Phillipsite-K	9.GC.10	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
ⓘ	Phillipsite-Na	9.GC.10	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Tacharanite	9.HA.75	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
ⓘ	Thomsonite-Ca ?	9.GA.10	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Tobermorite	9.DG.10	[Ca₄Si₆O₁₇ · 2H₂O] · (Ca · 3H₂O)
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
ⓘ	'Glass'	-
ⓘ	'var. Palagonite'	-
ⓘ	'Manganese Oxides'	-
ⓘ	'var. Manganese Dendrites'	-
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Tetranatrolite' ?	-

List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification

Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
A(XO₃)
ⓘ	Calcite	14.1.1.1	CaCO₃
Group 32 - COMPOUND SULFATES
Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
ⓘ	Thaumasite	32.4.4.4	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Group 40 - HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
A₃(XO₄)₂·xH₂O
ⓘ	Vivianite	40.3.6.1	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO₄ Groups Only
Insular SiO₄ Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
ⓘ	Forsterite	51.3.1.2	Mg₂SiO₄
Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
ⓘ	Augite	65.1.3a.3	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Group 72 - PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 3-, 4-, or 5-membered rings and 8-membered rings
ⓘ	Tacharanite	72.3.2.6	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
ⓘ	Tobermorite	72.3.2.1	[Ca₄Si₆O₁₇ · 2H₂O] · (Ca · 3H₂O)
Group 77 - TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
Zeolite group - True zeolites
ⓘ	Analcime	77.1.1.1	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
ⓘ	Chabazite-Ca	77.1.2.1	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Epistilbite	77.1.6.2	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	'Gismondine'	77.1.3.1
ⓘ	Gonnardite ?	77.1.5.7	(Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Mesolite ?	77.1.5.4	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Natrolite	77.1.5.1	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc.
ⓘ	Aluminoceladonite ?	-	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Aragonite	-	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Chabazite-Na	-	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	'Glass'	-
ⓘ	'var. Palagonite'	-
ⓘ	Gmelinite-Ca	-	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
ⓘ	Gmelinite-Na	-	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
ⓘ	Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	-	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
ⓘ	'Manganese Oxides'	-
ⓘ	'var. Manganese Dendrites'	-
ⓘ	Phillipsite-Ca	-	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
ⓘ	Phillipsite-K	-	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
ⓘ	Phillipsite-Na	-	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Tetranatrolite' ?	-
ⓘ	Thomsonite-Ca ?	-	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
H	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
H	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
H	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
H	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Tobermorite	[Ca₄Si₆O₁₇ · 2H₂O] · (Ca · 3H₂O)
H	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Gonnardite	(Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
O	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
O	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
O	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
O	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Tobermorite	[Ca₄Si₆O₁₇ · 2H₂O] · (Ca · 3H₂O)
O	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Gonnardite	(Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Na	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Na	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Gonnardite	(Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Na	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Na	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Mg	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Al	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
Al	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
Al	ⓘ Gonnardite	(Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Al	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Si	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
Si	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Tobermorite	[Ca₄Si₆O₁₇ · 2H₂O] · (Ca · 3H₂O)
Si	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
Si	ⓘ Gonnardite	(Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Si	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Si	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
K	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
K	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
Ca	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Tobermorite	[Ca₄Si₆O₁₇ · 2H₂O] · (Ca · 3H₂O)
Ca	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Gonnardite	(Na,Ca)₂(Si,Al)₅O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Vivianite	Fe₃²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Ba	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Ba	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O

Fossils

References

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Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)

Maravigna, C. (1830) Relazione di alcune specie minerali recentemente osservate nelle rocce de’ vulcani estinti della Valle di Noto. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, serie 1, 4, 89-98.

Sartorius von Waltershausen, W. (1853) Über die vulkanischen Gesteine in Sicilien und Island und ihre submarine Umbildung. Dieterischen Buchahandlung, Göttingen, XVI + 532 pp.

Gemmellaro, G.G. (1854) Descrizione d’alcune specie minerali de’ vulcani estinti di Palagonia. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, serie 2, 10, 39-49.

Gemmellaro, G.G. (1856) Descrizione d’alcune specie minerali dei vulcani estinti di Palagonia. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, serie 2, 12, 145-157.

Des Cloizeaux, A. (1862) Manuel de minéralogie. Tome 1. Dunod Éditeur, Paris, XLVIII + 572 pp.

Di Franco, S. (1901) Le zeoliti di Palagonia. Studio mineralogico. Stabilimento Tipografico Galatola, Catania, 32 pp.

Di Franco, S. (1902) L’herschelite dei basalti Siciliani. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, serie 4, 15, 1-15.

Ponte, G. (1908) Mesolite di Palagonia. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, serie 5, 1, 1-5.

Di Franco, S. (1927) L’apofillite di Palagonia. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, serie 5, 15, 1-6.

Sturiale, C. (1963) Rinvenimento di alcune zeoliti in ialoclastiti presso Palagonia (distretto eruttivo Ibleo -Sicilia). Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana, 19, 209-212.

Crovisier, J.-L., Honnorez, J., Eberhart, J.-P. (1987) Dissolution of basaltic glass in seawater: mechanism and rate. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 2977-2990.

Alberti, A., Cruciani, G., Dauru, I. (1995) Order-disorder in natrolite-group minerals. European Journal of Mineralogy, 7, 501-508.

Schmincke, H.U., Behncke B., Grasso, M., Raffi, S. (1997) Evolution of the northwestern Iblean Mountains, Sicily: uplift, Plicocene/Pleistocene sea-level changes, paleoenvironment, and volcanism. Geologische Rundschau, 86, 637-669.

Crovisier, J.-L., Advocat, T., Dussossoy, J.-L. (2003) Nature and role of natural alteration gels formed on the surface of ancient volcanic glasses (Natural analogs of waste containment glasses). Journal of Nuclear Materials, 321, 91-109.

Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010) Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2-2010, 371-408.

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