Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UKi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Penberthy Croft Mine | Mine (Disused) |
| St Hilary | Civil Parish |
| Cornwall | County |
| England | Constituent Country |
| UK | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
50° 8' 28'' North , 5° 25' 23'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
UK National Grid Reference:
SW555324
Type:
Mine (Disused) - last checked 2023
Age:
419.2 Β± 3.2 to 358.9 Β± 0.4 Ma
Geologic Time:
KΓΆppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Marazion | 1,294 (2017) | 4.1km |
| Germoe | 175 (2017) | 4.3km |
| Hayle | 8,210 (2017) | 4.8km |
| Uny Lelant | 1,056 (2017) | 4.8km |
| Leedstown | 267 (2017) | 5.3km |
Mindat Locality ID:
1251
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:1251:8
GUID (UUID V4):
c00a6263-d8b0-46bf-8fac-e81865242b27
The Penberthy Croft mine is situated approximately 1 mile (1.61 km) northeast of the village of Goldsithney in the parish of St. Hilary, Cornwall, England (NGR SW 555 324).
The locality is a prolific source of rare and unusual secondary minerals, of which the Cu-Pb-Fe-Al arsenates are the best known.
Penberthy Croft is the type locality for the copper lead arsenate bayldonite and the aluminium arsenates bettertonite and penberthycroftite. Although, there is some dispute that Penberthy Croft is the type locality for bayldonite. The specimens supplied to Church by Richard Talling (mineral dealer) for the description only had the locality as "Cornwall".
It is also visually not possible to say that the yellow colour in the series mimetite-pyromorphite varieties is pyromorphite. It is quite likely that pyromorphite is not the pure PO4 end member from this mine, but this needs further investigation.
Penberthy Croft is the first, or joint first, recorded site for the tin hydroxide minerals jeanbandyite and natanite in the British Isles. Segnitite is also first recorded at this location.
The land is owned by the St. Aubyn Estate. Permission for site visits and bona fide research must be made prior to any visit through the Agent for the St. Aubyn Estates. The address is Manor Office, Marazion, Cornwall, TR17 0EF, England. Telephone: +44 (0) 1736 710507.
History:
The mine is quite ancient, and records of output give approximately 3,000 tons of copper ore toward the end of the 18th century. Mixed copper and tin mining took place at depth at a later date, the lodes being stoped out to a depth of 53 fathoms (ca 97 m) below adit level.
The mine closed around 1840. There was no further activity until recent years, when at a time of high tin prices, the dumps were sampled to evaluate their cassiterite content. The mine became listed as an SSSI by English Nature for its mineralisation in 1993.
Geology:
The sett is situated in Devonian metasediments consisting of lower-grade-greenschist facies (killas) slates between the Land's End and Godolphin granite masses. The slates belong to the Mylor Slates Formation and are a series of dark-coloured rocks with a slaty cleavage and well-developed foliation. They are generally characterised by a series of siltstones and mudstones, with occasional impersistent sandstone sequences. A series of interbedded metabasic rocks strikes east-west within the sett. The main Penberthy lode strikes east-west and dips to the south. The lode is associated with a rhyolite porphyry elvan dyke and cross course structures and is probably related to a shear zone. There are in addition five other named lodes within the sett.
Mineralisation:
The mineralisation is of a multi-stage, polymetallic and hydrothermal character. The deposit consists of several, but distinct overlapping assemblages: Minor, burial-related quartz-apatite-albite-anatase-monazite veins of a pre-tectonic, metamorphic origin; main-stage high-temperature hypothermal-mesothermal Sn-Cu-As-W veins; later lower-temperature epithermal Fe-Pb-Zn-sulphide and carbonate mineralisation; and a late-stage, low-temperature Fe-Mn mineralisation. Subsequent supergene oxidation and weathering of lodes resulted in the formation of complex gossans with oxide and supergene enrichment zones. Post-mining formation of other minerals both underground and on the dumps has resulted in a very large variety of mineral species in a small area. These in order of approximate abundance include arsenates, arsenate-sulphates, and phosphates. The greatest diversity in terms of species has been located in five main areas of the old dumps: Three in the western and two in the eastern section of the workings. Most minerals here are found as good quality subhedral to euhedral microcrystals, with occasional miniature specimens. Brecciation, fracturing, silicification, chloritization, and carbonatisation are abundant. The mineralisation formed over a very wide period of time, extending from the Upper Palaeozoic through to the Cenozoic.
A major comprehensive mineralogical study was recently completed on this important locality by Betterton (2000) and was published in the UK Journal of Mines & Minerals, 20, 7-37.
Note on the mineral list:
The reference to adamite at Penberthy Croft is from Kingsbury. Given the doubts about the provenance of other Kingsbury specimens (Ryback et al. 1998, 2001), investigated this and discredited the occurrence.
Unknowns (UK PC = Unknown Penberthy Croft) from the John Betterton Collection under investigations:
UK PC2? MnxOx
UK PC3? Cu+Zn+As+Mn+Fe+Co??+La???+O
Additional work is required on these unknowns.
Investigations are also continuing on specimens from the Steve A Rust collection, who is also compiling a book on the minerals from the mine, a long term project.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities118 valid minerals. 3 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 12 erroneous literature entries.
Detailed Mineral List:
| β Formula: Zn2(AsO4)(OH) Description: A review of British occurrences by Braithwaite et al (2009) shows that most of the material that has been reported as adamite is in fact zincolivenite, included the studied adamite from Penberthy Croft Mine. References: |
| β Agardite-(Ce) Formula: CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| β Agardite-(La) Formula: LaCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| β Alloclasite Formula: Co1-xFexAsS |
| β 'Alunite Group' Formula: A0.5-1 B3[SO4]2(OH)6 Description: Most Alunite group minerals from Penberthy Croft Mine requires more analytical work to further confirm the species better. References: |
| β Anatase Formula: TiO2 Habit: Thin platy Colour: Black to translucent dark grey. |
| β Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 |
| β Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| β Annabergite Formula: Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| β 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) References: Steve Rust collectionIdentified by Steve Rust: Visual Identification |
| β Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 |
| β Formula: Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. May be fraudulent. References: Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1957) New occurrences of arseniosiderite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237) 499-500 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.12 |
| β Arsenolite Formula: As2O3 Habit: Octahedral Colour: Colourless-white Description: Only one specimen recorded from the mine. S. Rust collection. |
| β Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS References: Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1957) New occurrences of arseniosiderite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237) 499-500 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.12 |
| β Atacamite ? Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. May be fraudulent. References: Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1956) Atacamite from Cumberland and Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (235) 349-350 doi:10.1180/minmag.1956.031.235.14 |
| β Atelestite Formula: Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) References: S. Rust collection.Identification: SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy Steve Rust collectionIdentified by Steve Rust: SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy |
| β Auriacusite ? Formula: Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O References: Steve Rust collectionIdentified by Steve Rust: Visual Identification |
| β Aurichalcite Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| β Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| βͺ Bayldonite (TL) Formula: PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 Type Locality: Description: There is some dispute about Penberthy Croft being the type Locality for Bayldonite, specimens may have come from Wheal Carpenter used for Church's analysis. Specimens were once in Richard Talling (mineral dealer) possession with just the location Cornwall before being passed to Church. |
| β Beaverite-(Cu) ? Formula: Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 Description: Kingsbury reference, hence must be regarded as doubtful. |
| β Formula: Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html |
| β Bettertonite (TL) Formula: [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 11H2O Type Locality: Description: It occurs as tufts of white, ultrathin (sub-micrometre) rectangular laths, with lateral dimensions generally <20 ΞΌm. The laths are flattened on {010} and exhibit the forms {010}, {100} and {001}. The mineral is associated closely with arsenopyrite, chamosite, liskeardite, pharmacoalumite, pharmacosiderite and quartz. Bettertonite is translucent with a white streak and a vitreous to pearly, somewhat silky lustre.[[1]] References: Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2015) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014 and 2015. Newsletter No 23. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (1) 51-58 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.1.05 Grey, I.E., Kampf, A.R., Price, J.R., Macrae, C.M. (2015) Bettertonite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·11H2O, a new mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK, with a structure based on polyoxometalate clusters. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (7) 1849-1858 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.7.16 |
| β Beudantite Formula: PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 Habit: crusts, globular aggregates and "cuboid" rhombohedra Colour: yellow, green, brown to black Description: Kingsbury reference? References: Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1960) Carminite and beudantite from the northern part of the Lake District and from Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 32 (249) 423-432 doi:10.1180/minmag.1960.032.249.01 |
| β Formula: CoSO4 · 7H2O Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html |
| β Birnessite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O Description: According to Betterton (1989) "Birnessite has been identified by X-ray diffraction methods at the British Museum (Natural History),(X-ray number 6713F) on specimens submitted in 1987 from the Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall [SW 558 324]. The mineral occurs here in weathered blocks of partially-cemented slate-rich veinstone below the surface of an old dump. It forms black glossy coatings up to 2 mm thick on massive quartz, botryoidal woodwardite (6712F), earthy goethite, and dolomite with brochantite crystals (6711F), connellite (7407F), wroewolfeite (6710F), and chalcopyrite."
|
| β Bismuth Formula: Bi References: Steve Rust collectionIdentified by Steve Rust: Visual Identification |
| β Bismuthinite Formula: Bi2S3 Habit: Acicular References: |
| β Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 |
| β Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 |
| β Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| β Bulachite Formula: Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 2H2O References: collections.museumvictoria.com.au (n.d.) http://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/object.php?irn=37102 Grey, I. E., Betterton, J., Kampf, A. R., Macrae, C. M., Shanks, F. L., Price, J. R. (2016) Penberthycroftite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·8H2O, a second new hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK. Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (7) 1149-1160 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.069 |
| β Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| β Caledonite Formula: Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 Description: Suspected occurrences of Caledonite from the mine are usually associated with other basic copper/lead sulphates such as Brochantite and Linarite with Cerussite and occasionally Mimetite. |
| β Carminite Formula: PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 Description: Kingsbury reference? References: Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1960) Carminite and beudantite from the northern part of the Lake District and from Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 32 (249) 423-432 doi:10.1180/minmag.1960.032.249.01 |
| β Cassiterite Formula: SnO2 |
| β Formula: Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 · 11.5H2O Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html |
| β Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 |
| β Chalcoalumite Formula: CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O Description: Identified by X-Ray diffraction at the Natural History Museum, London. (http://users.breathe.com/minerals/minloc/pencroft/pencroft2.htm) |
| β Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Description: Chalcocite may also replace centimeter-sized areas of Galena occasionally retaining the cubic cleavage, but needs analyzing to be sure it is not Djurleite or similar. As well as a replacement of Chalcopyrite References: |
| β Chalcophyllite Formula: Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| β Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 References: |
| β Chamosite Formula: (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 References: Grey, I.E., Kampf, A.R., Price, J.R., Macrae, C.M. (2015) Bettertonite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·11H2O, a new mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK, with a structure based on polyoxometalate clusters. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (7) 1849-1858 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.7.16 |
| β 'Chlorite Group' References: |
| β Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| β Churchite-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) · 2H2O Colour: Brown |
| β Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| β Connellite Formula: Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| β Copper Formula: Cu |
| β Corkite Formula: PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 Description: XRD and SEM |
| β Cornubite Formula: Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| β Cornwallite Formula: Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 Description: XRD and SEM |
| β Covellite Formula: CuS Description: Can be associated with Native Sulphur. |
| β Cuprite Formula: Cu2O |
| β Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite Formula: Cu2O |
| β Cyanotrichite Formula: Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O Description: XRD and SEM-EDS |
| β Devilline Formula: CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| β Diaboleite Formula: Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 Description: Confirmed on 18/06/2021 at the NHM London
By SEM-EDS indicating a ratio of Pb:Cu:Cl 2:1:2 a good match. References: |
| β Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| β Duftite Formula: PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| β Dundasite Formula: PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O References: |
| β Erythrite Formula: Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| β Fassinaite Formula: Pb2(S2O3)(CO3) References: S. Rust collection.Identification: SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy |
| β 'Feldspar Group' Description: A pink member of the Feldspar group is associated with Chlorite and Arsenopyrite in a Quartz matrix, and my be a mineralized part of the Rhyolite (Elvan) dyke or a lode structure close to it. References: |
| β Ferberite Formula: FeWO4 References: |
| β Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F |
| β Galena Formula: PbS |
| β Goethite Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) References: Grey, I. E., Betterton, J., Kampf, A. R., Macrae, C. M., Shanks, F. L., Price, J. R. (2016) Penberthycroftite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·8H2O, a second new hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK. Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (7) 1149-1160 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.069 |
| β Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| β Halite Formula: NaCl |
| β Halloysite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Description: Requires further verification. |
| β Hemimorphite Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O References: |
| β Hidalgoite Formula: PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 Habit: Drusey crusts Colour: Colourless, shades of, yellow, green, brown Description: XRD and SEM |
| β ' Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html |
| β Jarosite Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| β Jeanbandyite Formula: Fe3+xFe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx Description: [[1]]"Specimens from Penberthy Croft Mine were identified at thc Natural History Muscum (London) using a combination of X-ray diffractometry and electron probe microanalysis."
[[1]]"Jeanbandyite occurs in intimate intergrowth with natanite in lustrous, yellow, transparent to translucent, pseudo-octahedral crystals up to 0.4 mm across." References: |
| β Langite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| β Laurionite Formula: PbCl(OH) Habit: Bladed, thin tabular Colour: Colourless |
| β Leadhillite Formula: Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| β Lepidocrocite ? Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH) Description: Lack of analytical data References: |
| β Libethenite Formula: Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| β Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| β Liskeardite Formula: [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2O Description: Note: It has been (erroneously) reported (Michael Merry, pers. comm., 2015) that "all liskeardite at Penberthy Croft is apparently bettertonite". Liskeardite has been found to occasionally be associated with bettertonite/penberthycroftite. References: Golley, Peter, Williams, Richard (1995) Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Book Co., Truro. 71pp. Grey, I.E., Kampf, A.R., Price, J.R., Macrae, C.M. (2015) Bettertonite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·11H2O, a new mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK, with a structure based on polyoxometalate clusters. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (7) 1849-1858 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.7.16 |
| β Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Description: Kingsbury reference.
John Betterton Collection. |
| β Mansfieldite Formula: AlAsO4 · 2H2O |
| β Mattheddleite Formula: Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) Habit: Prismatic Colour: White |
| β Millerite Formula: NiS Habit: Prismatic acicular Colour: Brassy |
| β Mimetite Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl Description: Many specimens are PO4 enriched. |
| β Mixite Formula: BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| β 'Monazite' Formula: REE(PO4) References: |
| β Monazite-(La) Formula: La(PO4) Habit: Tabular Colour: Black |
| β Mottramite Formula: PbCu(VO4)(OH) Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html
Proved to be Vanadian enriched Duftite.
A specimen submitted by David P. Clough to the NHM London in the 1980s was proven to be Mottramite |
| β Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 References: |
| β Natanite Formula: Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] Description: Associated with Jeanbandyite. References: |
| βͺ NeustΓ€dtelite Formula: Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 References: Steve Rust collectionIdentification: SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy |
| β Olivenite Formula: Cu2(AsO4)(OH) Description: Note it may be that some Olivenite's are rare Zincolivenite, only analysis will determine whether there one or the other. References: Steve Rust collectionIdentification: SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy |
| β Olivenite var. Leucochalcite |
| β Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) References: Grey, I. E., Betterton, J., Kampf, A. R., Macrae, C. M., Shanks, F. L., Price, J. R. (2016) Penberthycroftite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·8H2O, a second new hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK. Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (7) 1149-1160 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.069 |
| β Paratacamite ? Formula: Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. May be fraudulent |
| β Parnauite Formula: Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| β Penberthycroftite (TL) Formula: [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 8H2O Type Locality: Colour: White Description: Penberthcroftite occurs as tufts of white, ultrathin (sub-micrometre) rectangular laths, with lateral dimensions generally < 20 ΞΌm. The laths are flattened on {010} and elongated on [100] [Grey et.al. 2016]. References: HΓ₯lenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2015) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2015, CNMNC Newsletter 26. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (4) 941-947 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.4.05 Grey, I. E., Betterton, J., Kampf, A. R., Macrae, C. M., Shanks, F. L., Price, J. R. (2016) Penberthycroftite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·8H2O, a second new hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK. Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (7) 1149-1160 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.069 |
| β Pharmacoalumite Formula: KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6.5H2O References: Grey, I.E., Kampf, A.R., Price, J.R., Macrae, C.M. (2015) Bettertonite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·11H2O, a new mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK, with a structure based on polyoxometalate clusters. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (7) 1849-1858 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.7.16 |
| β Pharmacosiderite Formula: KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| βͺ Philipsburgite Formula: Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O References: Steve Rust collectionIdentification: XRD, SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy S. Rust collection.Identification: XRD, SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy |
| β Phosgenite Formula: Pb2CO3Cl2 Description: Kingsbury (1957): "small but well-defined prismatic crystals of phosgenite, associated with anglesite, on decomposed galena. The crystals of phosgenite are pale wine-yellow in colour, and of long prismatic habit, the larger of the two being about 8mm long and 2mm thick: both show well-developed terminal faces of c(001) and several small faces in the pyramid and prism zones, but the latter are in general very striated, with many small vicinal faces, and owing to the positions of the crystals in the cavity it is difficult to make out what most of the faces are." |
| β Pitticite Formula: (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| β Plumbogummite Formula: PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 References: Steve Rust collectionIdentification: XRD, SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy |
| β Formula: Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. May be fraudulent. |
| β Pseudomalachite Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 Description: Bright green to typical blue-green |
| β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| β Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| β Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| β Redgillite Formula: Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O References: |
| β Formula: (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. May be fraudulent. |
| β Russellite Formula: Bi2WO6 References: Steve Rust collectionIdentification: SEM-EDS, Raman Spectroscopy |
| β Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Colour: Pale yellow-white with resinous to dull lustre, and blue-white fluorescence under UV light. References: |
| β Schulenbergite Formula: (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O Habit: Botryoidal Colour: Light turquoise- greenish blue |
| β Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| β Segnitite Formula: PbFe3+3AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| β Formula: Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html |
| β Siderite Formula: FeCO3 |
| β Silver Formula: Ag Description: Kingsbury reference.
John Betterton Collection. |
| β Smithsonite Formula: ZnCO3 Description: Needs analytical confirmation, the specimen could be botryoidal Scorodite. |
| β Sphalerite Formula: ZnS References: |
| β Stannite Formula: Cu2FeSnS4 Description: Needs further verification. References: |
| β Stilpnomelane Formula: (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O References: |
| β Stolzite Formula: Pb(WO4) Habit: bipyramidal Colour: colourless, pale buff, pale to dark brown Description: The largest stolzite crystal on the specimen is an isolated double-terminated dark brown tetragonal bipyramid, which is 1.1 mm in length. The pale brown to buff crystal aggregates lining the polyhedral cavity are made up of smaller crystals, not usually exceeding 0.5 mm long. They cover areas up to 4 mm across and are commonly aggregated into masses that exhibit parallel growth. Most of the crystals are bounded by eight well-developed faces belonging to the common steeply pyramidal form n {11O}; this is sometimes truncated by the pinacoid c {001}, which is most often present on the larger crystals, and occasionally modified by A {111}. Less steeply pyramidal forms are present on a few crystals, but they are too small to measure reliably. Moulding, D., Hooper, J., Green, D.I. (2008) Stolzite from Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall. Journal of the Russell Society, 11, 88-90. |
| β Sulphur Formula: S8 |
| β Tenorite Formula: CuO Habit: Earthy Colour: Black References: |
| β Formula: Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html |
| β Formula: Pb5(VO4)3Cl Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html |
| β Varlamoffite Formula: (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 Description: Yellow earthy masses in veinstone maybe Varlamoffite, or perhaps Bindheimite. Needs analytical confirmation. |
| β Woodwardite Formula: Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| β Wroewolfeite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| β Wurtzite ? Formula: (Zn,Fe)S Description: Maybe Sphalerite after Wurtzite needs confirmation. |
| β Formula: CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6 · 3H2O Description: Kingsbury Collection at the NHM. Showed to be fraudulent. See http://www.mindat.org/mesg-104-355275.html |
| β Zincolivenite Formula: CuZn(AsO4)(OH) Description: A review of British occurrences by Braithwaite et al (2009) shows that most of the material that has been reported as adamite is in fact zincolivenite, including the studied adamite from Penberthy Croft Mine.
Journal of the Russell Society, 12, 10-14 (2009). References: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| β | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| β | Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| β | Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| β | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| β | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| β | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| β | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| β | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| β | Stannite | 2.CB.15a | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| β | Wurtzite ? | 2.CB.45 | (Zn,Fe)S |
| β | Millerite | 2.CC.20 | NiS |
| β | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| β | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| β | Alloclasite | 2.EB.10b | Co1-xFexAsS |
| β | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| β | Halite | 3.AA.20 | NaCl |
| β | Atacamite ? | 3.DA.10a | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| β | Paratacamite ? | 3.DA.10c | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| β | Connellite | 3.DA.25 | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Diaboleite | 3.DB.05 | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
| β | Laurionite | 3.DC.05 | PbCl(OH) |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| β | var. Chalcotrichite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| β | Tenorite | 4.AB.10 | CuO |
| β | Arsenolite | 4.CB.50 | As2O3 |
| β | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | Varlamoffite | 4.DB.05 | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
| β | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
| β | Ferberite | 4.DB.30 | FeWO4 |
| β | Anatase | 4.DD.05 | TiO2 |
| β | Russellite | 4.DE.15 | Bi2WO6 |
| β | Natanite | 4.FC.10 | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| β | Jeanbandyite | 4.FC.15 | Fe3+xFe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx |
| β | Lepidocrocite ? | 4.FE.15 | Ξ³-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Birnessite | 4.FL.45 | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 Β· 1.5H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| β | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| β | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| β | Smithsonite | 5.AB.05 | ZnCO3 |
| β | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| β | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| β | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| β | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| β | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| β | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| β | Rosasite ? | 5.BA.10 | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| β | Aurichalcite | 5.BA.15 | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| β | Phosgenite | 5.BE.20 | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| β | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| β | Leadhillite | 5.BF.40 | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| β | Dundasite | 5.DB.10 | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 Β· H2O |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| β | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| β | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| β | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| β | Plumbojarosite ? | 7.BC.10 | Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| β | Beaverite-(Cu) ? | 7.BC.10 | Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| β | Caledonite | 7.BC.50 | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| β | Linarite | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| β | Bieberite ? | 7.CB.35 | CoSO4 Β· 7H2O |
| β | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Langite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Wroewolfeite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Serpierite ? | 7.DD.30 | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Devilline | 7.DD.30 | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Woodwardite | 7.DD.35 | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 Β· nH2O |
| β | Redgillite | 7.DD.70 | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 Β· H2O |
| β | Chalcoalumite | 7.DD.75 | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Schulenbergite | 7.DD.80 | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Cyanotrichite | 7.DE.10 | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| β | Stolzite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(WO4) |
| β | Fassinaite | 7.JA.15 | Pb2(S2O3)(CO3) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| β | Monazite-(La) | 8.AD.50 | La(PO4) |
| β | Auriacusite ? | 8.BB.30 | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| β | Adamite ? | 8.BB.30 | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| β | Libethenite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| β | Zincolivenite | 8.BB.30 | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| β | Olivenite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| β | var. Leucochalcite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| β | Pseudomalachite | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| β | Cornwallite | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| β | Cornubite | 8.BD.30 | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| β | Carminite | 8.BH.30 | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| β | Duftite | 8.BH.35 | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| β | Mottramite | 8.BH.40 | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| β | Bayldonite (TL) | 8.BH.45 | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| β | NeustΓ€dtelite | 8.BK.10 | Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| β | Hidalgoite | 8.BL.05 | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| β | Beudantite | 8.BL.05 | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| β | Corkite | 8.BL.05 | PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| β | Segnitite | 8.BL.10 | PbFe3+3AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| β | Plumbogummite | 8.BL.10 | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| β | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| β | Vanadinite ? | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| β | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| β | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| β | Atelestite | 8.BO.15 | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| β | Mansfieldite | 8.CD.10 | AlAsO4 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Erythrite | 8.CE.40 | Co3(AsO4)2 Β· 8H2O |
| β | Annabergite | 8.CE.40 | Ni3(AsO4)2 Β· 8H2O |
| β | Churchite-(Y) | 8.CJ.50 | Y(PO4) Β· 2H2O |
| β | Pitticite | 8.DB.05 | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| β | Beraunite ? | 8.DC.27 | Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 Β· 6H2O |
| β | Bettertonite (TL) | 8.DD. | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] Β· 11H2O |
| β | Penberthycroftite (TL) | 8.DD. | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] Β· 8H2O |
| β | Bulachite | 8.DE.15 | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Ceruleite ? | 8.DE.25 | Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 Β· 11.5H2O |
| β | Philipsburgite | 8.DE.35 | Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 Β· H2O |
| β | Liskeardite | 8.DF.10 | [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] Β· 52H2O |
| β | Chalcophyllite | 8.DF.30 | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 Β· 36H2O |
| β | Parnauite | 8.DF.35 | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 Β· 7H2O |
| β | Arseniosiderite ? | 8.DH.30 | Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Pharmacosiderite | 8.DK.10 | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 Β· 6-7H2O |
| β | Pharmacoalumite | 8.DK.12 | KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 Β· 6.5H2O |
| β | Agardite-(La) | 8.DL.15 | LaCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 Β· 3H2O |
| β | ZΓ‘lesΓite ? | 8.DL.15 | CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Mixite | 8.DL.15 | BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Agardite-(Ce) | 8.DL.15 | CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Tyrolite ? | 8.DM.10 | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 Β· 11H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| β | Mattheddleite | 9.AH.25 | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| β | Hemimorphite | 9.BD.10 | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 Β· H2O |
| β | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| β | Chamosite | 9.EC.55 | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| β | Halloysite | 9.ED.10 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| β | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 Β· nH2O, x < 1 |
| β | Stilpnomelane | 9.EG.40 | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 Β· nH2O |
| β | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified | |||
| β | 'Hornblende Root Name Group' ? | - | β»Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| β | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| β | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| β | 'Alunite Group' | - | A0.5-1 B3[SO4]2(OH)6 |
| β | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | β Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | β Agardite-(Ce) | CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | β Agardite-(La) | LaCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | β Pharmacoalumite | KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6.5H2O |
| H | β Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | β Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| H | β Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| H | β Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| H | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| H | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | β Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | β Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | β Beraunite | Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| H | β Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | β Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
| H | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| H | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | β Bulachite | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| H | β Carminite | PbFe23+(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | β Ceruleite | Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 · 11.5H2O |
| H | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| H | β Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| H | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| H | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | β Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| H | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| H | β Corkite | PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | β Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | β Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| H | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | β Diaboleite | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
| H | β Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | β Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| H | β Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | β Hidalgoite | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | β Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | β Jeanbandyite | Fex3+Fe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx |
| H | β Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| H | β Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| H | β Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | β Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| H | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | β Liskeardite | [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2O |
| H | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | β Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| H | β Mixite | BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | β Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| H | β Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | β Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| H | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| H | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| H | β Philipsburgite | Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| H | β Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| H | β Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| H | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | β Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | β Schulenbergite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| H | β Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Segnitite | PbFe33+AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| H | β Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| H | β Tyrolite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| H | β Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
| H | β Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| H | β Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| H | β ZΓ‘lesΓite | CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | β Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| H | β NeustΓ€dtelite | Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | β Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | β Alunite Group | A0.5-1 B3[SO4]2(OH)6 |
| H | β Bettertonite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 11H2O |
| H | β Penberthycroftite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 8H2O |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| C | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| C | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | β Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| C | β Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| C | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | β Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| C | β Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | β Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| C | β Tyrolite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| C | β Fassinaite | Pb2(S2O3)(CO3) |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | β Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | β Agardite-(Ce) | CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | β Agardite-(La) | LaCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | β Pharmacoalumite | KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6.5H2O |
| O | β Anatase | TiO2 |
| O | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | β Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | β Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| O | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | β Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| O | β Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| O | β Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| O | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| O | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | β Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | β Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | β Beraunite | Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| O | β Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | β Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
| O | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| O | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | β Bulachite | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| O | β Carminite | PbFe23+(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| O | β Ceruleite | Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 · 11.5H2O |
| O | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| O | β Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| O | β Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite | Cu2O |
| O | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| O | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | β Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| O | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| O | β Corkite | PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | β Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | β Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | β Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| O | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | β Diaboleite | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
| O | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | β Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | β Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| O | β Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | β Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| O | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | β Hidalgoite | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | β Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | β Jeanbandyite | Fex3+Fe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx |
| O | β Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| O | β Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| O | β Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | β Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| O | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | β Liskeardite | [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2O |
| O | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | β Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| O | β Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| O | β Mixite | BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| O | β Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| O | β Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| O | β Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| O | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| O | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| O | β Philipsburgite | Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| O | β Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| O | β Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| O | β Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| O | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | β Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | β Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | β Russellite | Bi2WO6 |
| O | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | β Schulenbergite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| O | β Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Segnitite | PbFe33+AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| O | β Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | β Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| O | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| O | β Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| O | β Tenorite | CuO |
| O | β Tyrolite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| O | β Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| O | β Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
| O | β Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| O | β Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| O | β ZΓ‘lesΓite | CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | β Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| O | β NeustΓ€dtelite | Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | β Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | β Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| O | β Alunite Group | A0.5-1 B3[SO4]2(OH)6 |
| O | β Fassinaite | Pb2(S2O3)(CO3) |
| O | β Bettertonite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 11H2O |
| O | β Penberthycroftite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 8H2O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Na | β Halite | NaCl |
| Na | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | β Pharmacoalumite | KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6.5H2O |
| Al | β Bulachite | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
| Al | β Ceruleite | Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 · 11.5H2O |
| Al | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Al | β Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| Al | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| Al | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| Al | β Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| Al | β Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | β Hidalgoite | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Al | β Liskeardite | [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2O |
| Al | β Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O |
| Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | β Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Al | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Al | β Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| Al | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Al | β Bettertonite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 11H2O |
| Al | β Penberthycroftite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 8H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | β Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| Si | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | β Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | β Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Si | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | β Beraunite | Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| P | β Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| P | β Corkite | PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| P | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | β Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| P | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| P | β Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| P | β Philipsburgite | Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| P | β Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| P | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | β Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | β Alloclasite | Co1-xFexAsS |
| S | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | β Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | β Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | β Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
| S | β Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| S | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| S | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| S | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| S | β Corkite | PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | β Covellite | CuS |
| S | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| S | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| S | β Galena | PbS |
| S | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | β Hidalgoite | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | β Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | β Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| S | β Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | β Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| S | β Millerite | NiS |
| S | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| S | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | β Schulenbergite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| S | β Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| S | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | β Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| S | β Sulphur | S8 |
| S | β Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| S | β Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| S | β Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| S | β Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| S | β Alunite Group | A0.5-1 B3[SO4]2(OH)6 |
| S | β Fassinaite | Pb2(S2O3)(CO3) |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | β Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Cl | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| Cl | β Diaboleite | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
| Cl | β Halite | NaCl |
| Cl | β Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| Cl | β Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| Cl | β Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Cl | β Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| Cl | β Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| Cl | β Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Cl | β Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Cl | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | β Pharmacoalumite | KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6.5H2O |
| K | β Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| K | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | β Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| Ca | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Ca | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | β Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Ca | β Tyrolite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| Ca | β ZΓ‘lesΓite | CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | β Anatase | TiO2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | β Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| V | β Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | β Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | β Alloclasite | Co1-xFexAsS |
| Fe | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | β Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| Fe | β Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | β Beraunite | Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Fe | β Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Fe | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | β Carminite | PbFe23+(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| Fe | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | β Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| Fe | β Corkite | PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Fe | β Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | β Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | β Jeanbandyite | Fex3+Fe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx |
| Fe | β Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | β Liskeardite | [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2O |
| Fe | β Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| Fe | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| Fe | β Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| Fe | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | β Segnitite | PbFe33+AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Fe | β Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | β Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| Fe | β Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Fe | β Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
| Fe | β Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| Fe | β NeustΓ€dtelite | Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| Fe | β Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| Co | Cobalt | |
| Co | β Alloclasite | Co1-xFexAsS |
| Co | β Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
| Co | β Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Co | β NeustΓ€dtelite | Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | β Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Ni | β Millerite | NiS |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | β Agardite-(Ce) | CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Agardite-(La) | LaCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Cu | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| Cu | β Ceruleite | Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 · 11.5H2O |
| Cu | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | β Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite | Cu2O |
| Cu | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| Cu | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| Cu | β Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| Cu | β Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | β Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| Cu | β Copper | Cu |
| Cu | β Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Diaboleite | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
| Cu | β Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | β Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Cu | β Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| Cu | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Mixite | BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Cu | β Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | β Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| Cu | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| Cu | β Philipsburgite | Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| Cu | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Cu | β Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Schulenbergite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| Cu | β Tenorite | CuO |
| Cu | β Tyrolite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| Cu | β Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| Cu | β Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Cu | β ZΓ‘lesΓite | CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| Cu | β Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | β Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | β Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| Zn | β Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Zn | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Zn | β Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| Zn | β Philipsburgite | Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| Zn | β Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Zn | β Schulenbergite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| Zn | β Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Zn | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| Zn | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zn | β Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| Zn | β Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | β Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | β Agardite-(Ce) | CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| As | β Agardite-(La) | LaCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| As | β Alloclasite | Co1-xFexAsS |
| As | β Pharmacoalumite | KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6.5H2O |
| As | β Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| As | β Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| As | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | β Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| As | β Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| As | β Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| As | β Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| As | β Bulachite | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
| As | β Carminite | PbFe23+(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| As | β Ceruleite | Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 · 11.5H2O |
| As | β Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| As | β Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| As | β Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| As | β Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | β Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| As | β Hidalgoite | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| As | β Liskeardite | [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2O |
| As | β Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O |
| As | β Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| As | β Mixite | BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| As | β Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | β Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| As | β Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| As | β Philipsburgite | Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| As | β Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| As | β Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| As | β Segnitite | PbFe33+AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| As | β Tyrolite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| As | β ZΓ‘lesΓite | CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| As | β NeustΓ€dtelite | Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| As | β Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | β Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| As | β Bettertonite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 11H2O |
| As | β Penberthycroftite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 8H2O |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | β Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | β Silver | Ag |
| Sn | Tin | |
| Sn | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Sn | β Jeanbandyite | Fex3+Fe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx |
| Sn | β Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| Sn | β Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| Sn | β Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
| La | Lanthanum | |
| La | β Agardite-(La) | LaCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| La | β Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | β Agardite-(Ce) | CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | β Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| W | β Russellite | Bi2WO6 |
| W | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| W | β Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Pb | β Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| Pb | β Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Carminite | PbFe23+(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| Pb | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | β Corkite | PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Diaboleite | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
| Pb | β Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| Pb | β Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
| Pb | β Galena | PbS |
| Pb | β Hidalgoite | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| Pb | β Leadhillite | Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | β Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| Pb | β Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Pb | β Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Pb | β Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| Pb | β Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Pb | β Segnitite | PbFe33+AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| Pb | β Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Pb | β Fassinaite | Pb2(S2O3)(CO3) |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | β Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
| Bi | β Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | β Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| Bi | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | β Mixite | BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Bi | β Russellite | Bi2WO6 |
| Bi | β NeustΓ€dtelite | Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
Geochronology
| Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phanerozoic | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paleozoic | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Permian | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guadalupian |
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| Cisuralian |
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Other Databases
| Wikipedia: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penberthy_Croft_Mine |
|---|---|
| Wikidata ID: | Q7162278 |
Localities in this Region
- England
- Cornwall
- St Hilary
- Penberthy Croft Mine
- St Hilary
- Cornwall
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
British and Irish IslesGroup of Islands
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
UK
- England
- Cornwall
- Mount's Bay Mining DistrictMining District
- Devon and Cornwall metalliferous mining districtMining District
- Cornwall
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
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References
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1956) Atacamite from Cumberland and Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (235) 349-350 doi:10.1180/minmag.1956.031.235.14
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G. (1957) New occurrences of phosgenite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237). 500-501 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.13
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1957) New occurrences of arseniosiderite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237) 499-500 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.12
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1957) New occurrences of rosasite in Britain. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237). 501-502 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.14
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1960) Carminite and beudantite from the northern part of the Lake District and from Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 32 (249) 423-432 doi:10.1180/minmag.1960.032.249.01
Sumin de Portilla, Valentina, Quevedo, Manuel Portilla, Stepanov, Victor I. (1981) The structure of bayldonite: chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, and IR spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 66 (1-2) 148-153
Golley, Peter, Williams, Richard (1995) Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Book Co., Truro. 71pp.
Grey, I.E., Kampf, A.R., Price, J.R., Macrae, C.M. (2015) Bettertonite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·11H2O, a new mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK, with a structure based on polyoxometalate clusters. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (7) 1849-1858 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.7.16
Grey, I. E., Betterton, J., Kampf, A. R., Macrae, C. M., Shanks, F. L., Price, J. R. (2016) Penberthycroftite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]Β·8H2O, a second new hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK. Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (7) 1149-1160 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.069
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Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK