Messina Mine, Musina, Musina Local Municipality, Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Messina Mine | Mine |
| Musina | Town |
| Musina Local Municipality | Municipality |
| Vhembe District Municipality | Municipality |
| Limpopo | Province |
| South Africa | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
22° South , 29° East (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~96km
Type:
KΓΆppen climate type:
Mindat Locality ID:
54250
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:54250:9
GUID (UUID V4):
f920a4a9-caf9-469d-a690-99889a1dae41
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
No. 5 shaft; Musina Mine
Name(s) in local language(s):
Five Shaft
Located approx 8 Km south of the Limpopo river.
The location is: -22.329821Β° S, 30.043477Β° E
The copper deposits are hosted by various complexly folded gneisses of the Beit Bridge Complex which were metamorphosed to granulite grade. The position of the copper ores is controlled by two brittle shear zones, the Messina and the Dowe-Tokwe Faults, along which copper-bearing fluids were able to penetrate the country rocks. The copper mineralisation is generally found in veins, lodes and pipe-like breccia bodies. The exact age of the mineralisation around Messina is not known. One theory is that the ore was emplaced during Soutpansberg times (circa 1 900 million years ago), and then partly remobilised during Karoo igneous activity in Jurassic times. Another theory is that the copper mineralisation is genetically linked to the alkaline intrusions of the Nuanetsi Complex in southern Zimbabwe, which are also of Karoo age.
Copper is the only economic metal won from the ore bodies. It occurs in the primary sulphide minerals chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite. Chalcopyrite is present along the peripheries of ore bodies and is gradually replaced by bornite, chalcocite and native copper towards the centre and downwards. Host rock alteration follows the zonation of the sulphides by a general increase in hydration of silicate minerals, leaching of quartz and the development of albite, zoisite and epidote, leading to complete destruction of the host rock. Extract from Cairncross and Dixon (1995).
Note: No. 5 shaft or Five Shaft is a local term used to distinguish this particular mine from others in the Messina mining area.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
42 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| β Ajoite Formula: (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O References: Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, Linden .pages 51,180, 181, 229, 235, 241 |
| β Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| β Almandine Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| β Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| β Anhydrite Formula: CaSO4 Description: Crystals to 10 cm |
| β 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| β Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| β Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Habit: Flattened orthorhombic Colour: light beige to tan Description: Often found coating secondary quartz crystals. |
| β 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| β Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 |
| β Brucite Formula: Mg(OH)2 Description: Periodically found as attractive green lumps. |
| β Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| β Chalcanthite Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O References: |
| β Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S |
| β Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| β 'Chlorite Group' |
| β Clausthalite Formula: PbSe |
| β Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| β Clinozoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β Copper Formula: Cu |
| β Cordierite Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) Colour: Grey-blue, greenish. Description: Occurs in most of the garnet-biotite-quartz rocks as anhedral grains containing numerous biotite inclusions. In hand specimens colour is grey-blue however in areas where hydrothermal alteration has occurred the mineral becomes greenish. |
| β Covellite Formula: CuS Description: Considered very rare and restricted to zones of late hydrothermal activity. Covellite along with goethite are commonly developed in supergene replacement ores. |
| β Cuprite Formula: Cu2O Colour: Red Description: Cuprite as bright red inclusions with native copper has been qualitatively identified as copper oxide presumed cuprite (personal comment to author - Mineralogical Record 22(3)). |
| β Digenite Formula: Cu9S5 Description: Is found only as ex-solution lamellae in association with chalcocite and clausthalite. |
| β Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Colour: Emerald-green to yellow-green & lime-green Description: A common hydrothermal mineral in the ore lodes. They can partially coat the quartz or as isolated lath-like inclusions. It's been observed that light coloured apple-green variety associated with chlorite, calcite and albite is common in the Emery lode (Artonvilla mine). A second occurrence in the lower sections of the lode consists of bright lime-green to yellow-green crystals and have lower refractive index to the apple-green variety although both have been identified by x-ray analyses. Epidote fills vugs or is attached to quartz is usually less than 1cm length. Single crystals can reach over 5cm. |
| β Goethite Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) Colour: Reddish. Description: Observed as the most common iron mineral in the more central sections of the orebodies, characterized by reddish colour in hand specimens. |
| β Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| β 'Hornblende Root Name Group' Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| β Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| β Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| β Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| β Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 |
| β Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β Muscovite var. Fuchsite Formula: K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| β Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β Papagoite Formula: CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] Description: Note: Colour alone is not indicative in identification between papagoite and shattuckite or in some cases ajoite (Debbie Woolf's conclusion after further discussions with author 25 years later). |
| β Pennantite Formula: Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| β Piemontite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β Plancheite Formula: Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
| β Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| β Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS |
| β Quartz Formula: SiO2 Description: The following minerals have been observed as inclusions;
Ajoite
Azurite (rare)
Bornite
Calcite
Chalcocite
Chalcopyrite
Chlorite
Clinozoiste
Copper
Cuprite
Epidote
Hematite
Kaolinite
Malachite
Muscovite
Papagoite
Pyrite
Shattuckite
Zoisite |
| β Riebeckite Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| β Shattuckite Formula: Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 Description: Note: Colour alone is not indicative in identification between shattuckite and papagoite or in some cases ajoite (Debbie Woolf's conclusion after further discussions with author 25 years later). |
| β Sphalerite Formula: ZnS |
| β Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| β Zoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| β | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| β | Digenite | 2.BA.10 | Cu9S5 |
| β | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| β | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| β | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| β | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| β | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| β | Clausthalite | 2.CD.10 | PbSe |
| β | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| β | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| β | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| β | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| β | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| β | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| β | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| β | Anhydrite | 7.AD.30 | CaSO4 |
| β | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| β | Chalcanthite | 7.CB.20 | CuSO4 Β· 5H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| β | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| β | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β | Piemontite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β | Zoisite | 9.BG.10 | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β | Papagoite | 9.CE.05 | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| β | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| β | Plancheite | 9.DB.35 | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 Β· H2O |
| β | Shattuckite | 9.DB.40 | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| β | Riebeckite | 9.DE.25 | β»[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| β | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| β | Ajoite | 9.EA.70 | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 Β· 3H2O |
| β | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| β | Muscovite var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β | var. Fuchsite | 9.EC.15 | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| β | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
| β | Pennantite | 9.EC.55 | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| β | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| β | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| β | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| β | Analcime | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) Β· H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| β | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| β | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| β | 'Hornblende Root Name Group' | - | β»Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | β Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | β Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | β Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| H | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | β Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| H | β Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | β Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | β Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
| H | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | β Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | β Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| H | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | β Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | β Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | β Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | β Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| O | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | β Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| O | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| O | β Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | β Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| O | β Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | β Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | β Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
| O | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | β Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | β Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| O | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | β Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | β Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Na | β Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | β Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Na | β Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | β Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Mg | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | β Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Al | β Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | β Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Al | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | β Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | β Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| Al | β Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | β Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | β Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Al | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | β Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Si | β Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Si | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | β Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| Si | β Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | β Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | β Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
| Si | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | β Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | β Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| Si | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | β Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | β Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| S | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| S | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | β Covellite | CuS |
| S | β Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| S | β Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | β Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| K | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | β Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | β Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| Ca | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | β Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| Ca | β Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | β Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | β Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | β Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mn | β Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Fe | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | β Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | β Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| Cu | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | β Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | β Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | β Copper | Cu |
| Cu | β Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cu | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| Cu | β Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
| Cu | β Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Se | Selenium | |
| Se | β Clausthalite | PbSe |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | β Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | β Clausthalite | PbSe |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
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References
Messina Mine, Musina, Musina Local Municipality, Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa