Youanmi Group, Sandstone Shire, Western Australia, Australiai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Youanmi Group | - not defined - |
| Sandstone Shire | Shire |
| Western Australia | State |
| Australia | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
28° 36' 37'' South , 118° 50' 24'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
KΓΆppen climate type:
Gold was found in the area in 1894 or 1985 by prospector Tom Payne. Serious mining however did not take place till 1907. The Youanmi Gold Mine Limited operated the mine from 1911, but struggled during World War One with a shortage of labour and high costs, and finally closed in 1922. It employed around 100 men.
In 1934, the Youanmi Gold Mining Limited was floated in London with the intention of re-opening the mine as an underground operation. Production started in 1936. At this time the town of Youanmi was constructed to service the mine which employed around 200 men. Thirteen leases were purchased totalling 351 acres. Mine manager was P Fitzgerald. In 1942 the mine suddenly closed, citing poor ore at depth.
A large open pit was developed between 1986 to 1989. In 1995 underground mining commenced again producing 50 000 to 60 000 oz gold at 11.5 g/t. In 1997 the mine closed again due to low gold prices. In 2000 Aquilla Resources took over the mine, and sold it in 2003 to Goldcrest Resources, which sold the mine to Apex Minerals NL in 2007.
Apex considered opening the mine then abandoned the idea in favour of other mines it owned in the region. At the time of writing (April 2013) Apex is in the middle of selling the mine to Infinity Fame Pty Ltd.
The deposit is located in the north-west trending Youanmi Greenstone Belt of tholeiitic basalts and intrusives with minor banded iron formations and felsic pyroclastics. This is overlain by gabbro, pyroxenite, anorthosite and magnetite rich rocks of a layered intrusion.
There is intense shearing in the greenstone adjacent to the granite intrusion, and this contact zone contains the gold. The intrusion shows coarse grained quartz-plagioclase-microcline-biotite-adamellite. The gold bearing shear zone is sericite-quartz-sulphides, and are sub-parrallel with the granite and greenstone contact.
Weathering to 80 metres has reduced most of the rocks to clay and goethite. The host mafic rock contains abundant magnetite. Within this is interbedded intervals of tuffaceous sediments, and minor banded iron formations, with magnetite pseudomorphed by pyrite near the shears. Gold is found in the shear zones forming a lattice network extending 20 metres in the adamellite and to 100 metres in the greenstone along a 1 kilometre strike length. Gold occurs within pyrite and arsenopyrite, with sericite, quartz, chlorite, largely barren of gold either side of the shears.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities14 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
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Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| β Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β 'Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite' Formula: AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Reference: Hughes F.E.(ed)( ): Youanmi Gold Deposit, Geology of the Mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, AusIMM Melbourne ( ):14(1): 279-282 |
| β Cervantite Formula: Sb3+Sb5+O4 Reference: Simpson, E.S. (1948), Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 3, p 600 |
| β 'Chlorite Group' Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Reference: Simpson, E.S. (1948), Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 2, p 288 |
| β Goethite Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) Reference: Hughes F.E.(ed)( ): Youanmi Gold Deposit, Geology of the Mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, AusIMM Melbourne ( ):14(1): 279-282 |
| β Gold Formula: Au Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β 'Hornblende' Reference: Simpson, E.S. (1948), Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 1, p 147 |
| β Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Hughes F.E.(ed)( ): Youanmi Gold Deposit, Geology of the Mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, AusIMM Melbourne ( ):14(1): 279-282 |
| β Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Hughes F.E.(ed)( ): Youanmi Gold Deposit, Geology of the Mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, AusIMM Melbourne ( ):14(1): 279-282 |
| β Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Hughes F.E.(ed)( ): Youanmi Gold Deposit, Geology of the Mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, AusIMM Melbourne ( ):14(1): 279-282 |
| β 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Reference: Hughes F.E.(ed)( ): Youanmi Gold Deposit, Geology of the Mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, AusIMM Melbourne ( ):14(1): 279-282 |
| β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Hughes F.E.(ed)( ): Youanmi Gold Deposit, Geology of the Mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, AusIMM Melbourne ( ):14(1): 279-282 |
| β Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β 'Stibiconite' Formula: Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) Reference: Simpson, E.S. (1948), Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 3, p 600 |
| β Stibnite Formula: Sb2S3 Reference: Mock, C. et al (1987), Gold Deposits of Western Australia, BMR, Datafile (MINDEP), Resource Deposit 3, Dept of Primary Industries and Energy, Bur of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth Government of Australia, 1987 |
| β Valentinite Formula: Sb2O3 Reference: Simpson, E.S. (1948), Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 3, p 684 |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| β | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| β | Stibnite | 2.DB.05 | Sb2S3 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| β | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| β | Cervantite | 4.DE.30 | Sb3+Sb5+O4 |
| β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| β | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | 'Stibiconite' | 4.DH.20 | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| β | Valentinite | 4.CB.55 | Sb2O3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| β | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| β | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | β»Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| β | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| β | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| β | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| β | 'var. Uralite' | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| β | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| β | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| β | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| β | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | β Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| H | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb25+O6(OH) |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | β Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| O | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| O | β Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb25+O6(OH) |
| O | β Cervantite | Sb3+Sb5+O4 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | β Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| F | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | β Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | β Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | β Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | β Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| K | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | β Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | β Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Sb | β Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| Sb | β Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb25+O6(OH) |
| Sb | β Cervantite | Sb3+Sb5+O4 |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | β Gold | Au |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Muro, K.D. (1990) Youanmi Gold Deposit. In: Hughes, F.E. (ed.) 1990 Geology of the Mineral Deposits of Australia & Papua New Guinea. AusIMM Melbourne Monograph 14(1), 279-282.
The Western Mail newspaper (Perth) (1935) Youanmi Mine Manager
(18 Jul 1935).
The Daily News newspaper (Perth) (1942) Youanmi Exodus (17 Jan 1942).
The West Australian newspaper (Perth) (1936) Youanmi Report (07 Jan 1936).
The Kalgoorlie Miner newspaper (1935) Youanmi Gold Mines Ltd
(06 Apr 1935).
The Daily News newspaper (Perth)(1942) Youanmi Mine Dismantled (12 Jan 1942).
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