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Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USAi
Regional Level Types
Kramer Borate depositDeposit
BoronTown
Kern CountyCounty
CaliforniaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
35° 2' 27'' North , 117° 41' 13'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
35.04111,-117.68722
GeoHash:
G#: 9qhr3gnc2
GRN:
N24W69
Type:
Deposit
Deposit first discovered:
1913
KΓΆppen climate type:
BWk : Cold desert climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Boron2,253 (2011)5.8km
North Edwards1,058 (2011)13.5km
Edwards Air Force Base2,063 (2013)26.5km
California City13,277 (2017)28.7km
Johannesburg172 (2011)37.2km
Owned/operated by:
U.S. Borax (100%) - a subsidiary of Rio Tinto Group
Mindat Locality ID:
80184
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:80184:6
GUID (UUID V4):
df71f3a5-f83b-482c-80fc-f5e5a0097d65


A large B-As-Sb-clay deposit located in secs. 19, 23 & 24, T11N, R8W, SBM, approximately 7 miles (ca. 11 km) NW of Kramer and 4 miles (6.44 km) NW of Boron. MRDS database stated accuracy for this location is 10 meters.

Discovered in 1913 by Dr. John K. Suckow. Suckow discovered colemanite when drilling a water well. In 1925, a second water well discovered a huge deposit of borax. Initial production occurred in 1927 and continues. Owned-Operated by the U.S. Borax (Subsidiary Of Rtz Borax Ltd. Of Rtz Corp. PLC (London, UK)), Los Angeles, California (end 1992). Listed as "Kramer Borate deposit" by the USGS-MRDS database. The name was changed to the USGS name to prevent confusion with the other "Kramer pit" (MAS No. 0060290688). Listed in MAS and not on the USGS list (June 1994).

Mineralization is a sedimentary deposit (Deposit model: Model code: 260; USGS model code 35b.3; Deposit model name: lacustrine borates), hosted in the Tank Hill Limestone, Ricardo Formation shale, claystone, sandstone and volcanic ash. The orebody is generally lenticular in form with a dip 10-15SE at a thickness of 91.44 meters, depth-to-top of 91.44 meters, width of 804.65 meters and a length of 3,218.6 meters. Controls for ore emplacement included a structurally closed basin and the presence of B-bearing thermal springs during deposition. The deposit was buried by 1,000 to 2,000 meters of continental sediments. Although much of this material had been removed by erosion and subsequent uplift. The shale is greenish. Associated rocks include Pliocene-Miocene Saddleback Basalt. Local rocks include Quaternary alluvium and marine deposits.

The ore layer extends over 500 acres. The deposit is a roughly lenticular crystalline mass of borax and kernite containing interbedded claystone. The deposit is completely enveloped by ulexite-bearing shales. Studies have indicated that the borates were deposited in a small structural, non-marine basin, associated with thermal spring activity. The deposit consistently grades 10 to 30% B2O3, and very few other salts occur with the borates. Only borax, kernite, and minor tincalconite are exploited. The overburden thickness ranges from 60 to 150 meters (1992).

Local structures include a down warped ancient lake bed, folded and faulted, structural basin, and the Portal Fault (strikes West). Related tectonic structures include the West-central Mojave Desert.

Workings included surface and underground openings, with the underground openings subsequently being subhumed by the open pit mining operations.

Production data are found in: World Mining Developments 1979-19: 419.

Reserve-Resource data are found in Kistler and Smith (1985) and in Roskill (1993).

99%+ of all the specimens from this deposit have come from the open pit mine. Very few specimens exist or can be verified from any of the underground mines in the deposit that were operated before the open pit mine began. The exception to this are the many specimens of borax crystals that were almost exclusively from the underground sections of the deposit, and probably the majority of those were collected from shallow flooded stopes in the West Baker mine. Almost all of these specimens have long since dehydrated to white Tincalconite pseudomorphs after borax and have fallen apart and been thrown out. Each year, for many years, the company has collected fresh borax specimens from the underground for the benefit of the local gem and mineral society which are sold at their annual show. Also, most of the Ulexite "clam shells" were collected from the overhead shale underground in the West Baker mine. Almost all other specimens have been collected from the open pit mine itself or from the dumps that lie mostly to the north of the mine.

Analytical data results: Averaged 25% B2O3.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

87 valid minerals. 4 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Description: Occurs as subhedral to anhedral grains in the tuff beds bordering the main sodium borate beds.
β“˜ Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
β“˜ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
β“˜ Anorthite var. Labradorite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
β“˜ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
β“˜ 'Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite'
Description: Constituent of phosphatic material of fossil bones.
β“˜ Aragonite
Formula: CaCO3
Description: Comprises fossil shells in shales underlying the borate deposit.
β“˜ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite
Formula: (Ca,Sr)CO3
Description: Comprises fossil shells in shales underlying the borate deposit.
β“˜ Arsenic
Formula: As
Colour: Blackish to silvery
Description: Occurs sparingly as small rounded grains or subhedral crystals on fibrous ulexite.
β“˜ Arsenolite
Formula: As2O3
Colour: Colourless to whitish
Description: Occurs as minute grains and octahedral crystals.
β“˜ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
β“˜ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Colour: Bluish; pink (microscopic spikes)
Description: Occurs as tabular crystals to 3 mm long and microscopic spikes on colemanite.
β“˜ Barytocalcite
Formula: BaCa(CO3)2
Description: Rounded grains.
β“˜ Berthierite
Formula: FeSb2S4
Habit: Fibrous
Colour: Iridescent purplish
Description: Occurs as fibrous material with colemanite and as spherules up to 2.5 mm in borax; as flakes in kernite and borax.
β“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
References:
Am Min 49:543-555
β“˜ Birnessite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Colour: Blackish to brown
Description: Occurs as specks on colemanite.
β“˜ Borax
Formula: Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
β“˜ Carnotite
Formula: K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Description: Occurs with opal as fracture coatings in sandy clay of the Ricardo Formation.
β“˜ 'Chabazite'
β“˜ Chabazite-Na
Formula: (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
β“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
References:
Am Min 49:543-555
β“˜ 'Clay minerals'
β“˜ Clinoptilolite-Na
Formula: Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
β“˜ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'
Formula: M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Description: Occurs with dominant phillipsite in tuff beds above the borate orebody.
β“˜ Colemanite
Formula: Ca[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O
β“˜ Copiapite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
β“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
Am Min 49:543-555
β“˜ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜ Epsomite
Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O
Description: Occurs as silky, curling, fibrous crystals.
β“˜ 'Erionite Subgroup'
Formula: M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
β“˜ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
β“˜ 'Feldspar Group'
βœͺ Gaidonnayite
Formula: Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Habit: 1mm rosettes of thin-bladed monoclinic crystals
Colour: clear
Description: Found in saponite covered vesicles in Saddleback Mountain basalt samples originated from the pit decades ago. Associated with octahedral-like dipyramidal calcite and gmelinite-Na.
β“˜ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
β“˜ Garrelsite
Formula: Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
Colour: Colourless
Description: A few subhedal grains (0.1 x 0.6 mm) occurred in ulexite in the B-zone above the lower ore.
β“˜ Gerstleyite (TL)
Formula: Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O
β“˜ Gmelinite-Na
Formula: Na4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O
β“˜ 'Gmelinite Subgroup'
β“˜ Greigite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2S4
β“˜ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
β“˜ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Description: Occurs poorly developed in the open pit.
β“˜ Gypsum var. Selenite
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Colour: Colourless
Description: Occurs as scaly masses and incrustations in clay surrounding the deposit.
β“˜ Halite
Formula: NaCl
Description: Occurs as efflorescences.
β“˜ Harmotome
Formula: Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O
Habit: elongated, twinned
Colour: clear, sometimes milky
Description: Raman suggested it could be merlinoite, but XRD determined otherwise. EDS results: Ba:Ca ratio 5:2, Al:Si ratio 9:23
β“˜ Hectorite
Formula: Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
Description: Material has a high Li content.
β“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Description: Occurs in claystone and in basalt float.
β“˜ Heulandite-Na
Formula: (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O
β“˜ 'Heulandite Subgroup'
Formula: (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
β“˜ Hisingerite
Formula: Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Colour: Black to reddish brown
Description: Occurs as a thin glassy coating on joint-crack surfaces of basalt.
β“˜ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Colour: Greenish
Description: Basaltic; elongate crystals in ulexite.
β“˜ Howlite
Formula: Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5
Description: Occurs as sparse cauliflower-like nodules in the clay or siltstone envelope of the Na-borate orebody; at one location, thin platy crystals to 0.15 mm occur in nodules of colemanite.
β“˜ Hydroboracite
Formula: CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O
β“˜ 'Hypersthene'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
Description: Occurs as crystals to 1.5 mm in vesicles of basalt float.
β“˜ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
Colour: Blackish
Description: Occurs as grains in the siltstone bed.
β“˜ Inderite
Formula: MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Habit: prismatic crystals with square cross sections up to 30cm. Rarely terminated
Description: Occurs abundantly with kurnakovite in the hanging wall of the main Na-borate4 ore body, in a thin, discontinuous zone 1 to 2 feet (0.3 to 0.6 meters) above the ore. Mostly found during the early days of the open pit where a fault zone in the western part of the deposit was uncovered. The Inderite crystals were found growing in the distinctive blue/green/tan mud of the deposit.
β“˜ Inyoite
Formula: Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O
Description: Rare but found in fine single crystals.
β“˜ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜ Kernite
Formula: Na2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O
β“˜ 'K Feldspar'
Description: Occurs as remnants of euhedral and subhedral grains being replaced by borax in borax crystals and massive borates.
β“˜ Kurnakovite
Formula: MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
β“˜ Lepidocrocite
Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH)
Colour: Reddish brown
Description: Occurs as a powdery alteration of hypersthene in basalt float in the overburden of the deposit.
β“˜ 'Limonite'
β“˜ Mackinawite
Formula: FeS
Description: Occurs as a constituent of the Saddleback basalt.
β“˜ Magnesite
Formula: MgCO3
Habit: hexagonal, tabular platelet bunches in volcanic rock vesicles, beveled on edges
Colour: clear, milky, sometimes zoned
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
βœͺ Mazzite-Na (TL)
Formula: Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O
Type Locality:
Habit: Acicular
Colour: White
β“˜ 'Melnikovite'
Description: Occurs as micro-particles of highly magnetic material disseminated throughout the clay-shale portion of the deposit. Occurs in nodules of kurnakovite and colemanite above the main orebody.
β“˜ Metacinnabar
Formula: HgS
Colour: Black
Description: Occurs as a thin black coating on a specimen of clay.
β“˜ Meyerhofferite
Formula: CaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O
β“˜ 'Mica Group'
β“˜ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
β“˜ Mirabilite
Formula: Na2SO4 · 10H2O
Description: Occurs as furry growths in old underground workings; also in the borate beds. Single acicular crystals to 30 cm (12 inches) long.
β“˜ 'Monazite'
Formula: REE(PO4)
β“˜ Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
References:
Am Min 49:543-555
β“˜ Mordenite
Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
β“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Description: The second most abundant clay at the deposit.
β“˜ Natrojarosite
Formula: NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜ Natrolite
Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
β“˜ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Colour: Brownish to gray, white
Description: Occurs as masses up to 3 cm; some dense, white material, apparently pseudomorphic after ulexite.
β“˜ Orpiment
Formula: As2S3
β“˜ Pararealgar
Formula: As4S4
β“˜ Phillipsite-Na
Formula: (Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
β“˜ 'Phillipsite Subgroup'
β“˜ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Probertite (TL)
Formula: NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O
β“˜ Pseudobrookite
Formula: Fe2TiO5
Habit: Tabular to bladed
Colour: Dark reddish brown
Description: Occurs as crystals to 1 mm long in vesicles of red basalt float.
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Description: Occurs as minute cubes in joint cracks in a dense black basalt underlying the deposit. Also occurs as minute brassy crystals in nodules and geodes of calcite.
β“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Realgar
Formula: As4S4
β“˜ Rhodochrosite
Formula: MnCO3
β“˜ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
β“˜ Saponite
Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
β“˜ Saponite var. Iron-bearing Saponite
Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Colour: green, brownish, black
β“˜ Sassolite
Formula: H3BO3
β“˜ Searlesite
Formula: Na(H2BSi2O7)
β“˜ Sideronatrite
Formula: Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O
Colour: Pale yellow
Description: Occurs as efflorescent clusters of needle-like crystals to 1.5 mm.
β“˜ Smythite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3)
Description: Present as inclusions in colourless analcite crystals in vugs in the Saddleback basalt. Smythite crystals that are not included in another mineral and are therefore exposed to the air are quickly altered to iron oxides and no longer exist as smythite.
β“˜ Stibnite
Formula: Sb2S3
Habit: Acicular
Colour: Black
Description: Needle-like crystals and clusters of shiny material occur throughout the deposit; specifically, it occurs as minute spherulites in kernite and borax.
β“˜ 'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
β“˜ Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
Colour: Yellowish tan and greenish gray to blackish
Description: Occurs as masses of fibers to 2.5 cm (1 inch).
β“˜ Sulphur
Formula: S8
Colour: Yellow
Description: Occurs as minute crystals in the main orebody.
β“˜ ThΓ©nardite
Formula: Na2SO4
β“˜ Tincalconite
Formula: Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
β“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜ Todorokite
Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
β“˜ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
β“˜ Tridymite
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Tunellite (TL)
Formula: SrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O
β“˜ Ulexite
Formula: NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
β“˜ Veatchite
Formula: Sr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O
β“˜ Wardsmithite
Formula: Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O
Description: Occurs on montmorillonite as clusters of minute crystals at the bottom of the pit.
β“˜ Witherite
Formula: BaCO3
Colour: White
Description: Rounded pellets.
β“˜ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

Na(AlSi2O6) · H2Oβ“˜ Analcime
Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2Oβ“˜ Borax
CaCO3β“˜ Calcite
(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2Oβ“˜ Chabazite-Na
Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2Oβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-Na
Ca[B3O4(OH)3] · H2Oβ“˜ Colemanite
Na2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2Oβ“˜ Gerstleyite (TL)
Na4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2Oβ“˜ Gmelinite-Na
Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5β“˜ Howlite
CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2Oβ“˜ Hydroboracite
MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2Oβ“˜ Inderite
Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2Oβ“˜ Inyoite
Na2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2Oβ“˜ Kernite
MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2Oβ“˜ Kurnakovite
Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2Oβ“˜ Mazzite-Na (TL)
Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2Oβ“˜ Natrolite
As2S3β“˜ Orpiment
As4S4β“˜ Pararealgar
NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2Oβ“˜ Probertite (TL)
As4S4β“˜ Realgar
MnCO3β“˜ Rhodochrosite
Na(H2BSi2O7)β“˜ Searlesite
Na2(B4O7) · 5H2Oβ“˜ Tincalconite
SrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2Oβ“˜ Tunellite (TL)
NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2Oβ“˜ Ulexite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Arsenic1.CA.05As
β“˜Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Metacinnabar2.CB.05aHgS
β“˜Smythite2.CC.10(Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3)
β“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
β“˜Mackinawite2.CC.25FeS
β“˜Greigite2.DA.05Fe2+Fe3+2S4
β“˜Stibnite2.DB.05Sb2S3
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
β“˜Realgar2.FA.15aAs4S4
β“˜Pararealgar2.FA.15bAs4S4
β“˜Orpiment2.FA.30As2S3
β“˜Berthierite2.HA.20FeSb2S4
β“˜Gerstleyite (TL)2.HE.05Na2(Sb,As)8S13 Β· 2H2O
Group 3 - Halides
β“˜Halite3.AA.20NaCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
β“˜Ilmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
β“˜Pseudobrookite4.CB.15Fe2TiO5
β“˜Arsenolite4.CB.50As2O3
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜Tridymite4.DA.10SiO2
β“˜Opal4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
β“˜Todorokite4.DK.10(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 Β· 3-4H2O
β“˜Lepidocrocite4.FE.15Ξ³-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜Birnessite4.FL.45(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 Β· 1.5H2O
β“˜Carnotite4.HB.05K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 Β· 3H2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Magnesite5.AB.05MgCO3
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
β“˜Rhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
β“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
β“˜Aragonite
var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite		5.AB.15(Ca,Sr)CO3
β“˜Strontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
β“˜Witherite5.AB.15BaCO3
β“˜Aragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
β“˜Barytocalcite5.AB.45BaCa(CO3)2
Group 6 - Borates
β“˜Sassolite6.AA.05H3BO3
β“˜Inderite6.CA.15MgB3O3(OH)5 Β· 5H2O
β“˜Kurnakovite6.CA.20MgB3O3(OH)5 Β· 5H2O
β“˜Meyerhofferite6.CA.30CaB3O3(OH)5 Β· H2O
β“˜Inyoite6.CA.35Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) Β· 4H2O
β“˜Colemanite6.CB.10Ca[B3O4(OH)3] Β· H2O
β“˜Hydroboracite6.CB.15CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 Β· 3H2O
β“˜Howlite6.CB.20Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5
β“˜Borax6.DA.10Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 Β· 8H2O
β“˜Tincalconite6.DA.15Na2(B4O7) Β· 5H2O
β“˜Kernite6.DB.05Na2[B4O6(OH)2] Β· 3H2O
β“˜Ulexite6.EA.25NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] Β· 5H2O
β“˜Probertite (TL)6.EB.15NaCa[B5O7(OH)4] Β· 3H2O
β“˜Veatchite6.EC.15Sr2B11O16(OH)5 Β· H2O
β“˜Tunellite (TL)6.FC.05SrB6O9(OH)2 Β· 3H2O
β“˜Wardsmithite6.H0.25Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 Β· 30H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜ThΓ©nardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
β“˜Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
β“˜Natrojarosite7.BC.10NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜Epsomite7.CB.40MgSO4 Β· 7H2O
β“˜Mirabilite7.CD.10Na2SO4 Β· 10H2O
β“˜Gypsum
var. Satin Spar Gypsum		7.CD.40CaSO4 Β· 2H2O
β“˜7.CD.40CaSO4 Β· 2H2O
β“˜var. Selenite7.CD.40CaSO4 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Copiapite7.DB.35Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 Β· 20H2O
β“˜Sideronatrite7.DF.20Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) Β· 3H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Zircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
β“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜Garrelsite9.AJ.15Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
β“˜Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜Augite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
β“˜Gaidonnayite9.DM.15Na2Zr(Si3O9) Β· 2H2O
β“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜var. Illite9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
β“˜Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Montmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Hectorite9.EC.45Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
β“˜Saponite
var. Iron-bearing Saponite		9.EC.45Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O
β“˜9.EC.45Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜Hisingerite9.ED.10Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Searlesite9.EF.15Na(H2BSi2O7)
β“˜Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Anorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
β“˜var. Labradorite9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
β“˜Natrolite9.GA.05Na2Al2Si3O10 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Analcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) Β· H2O
β“˜Harmotome9.GC.10Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 Β· 12H2O
β“˜Phillipsite-Na9.GC.10(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] Β· 12H2O
β“˜Mazzite-Na (TL)9.GC.20Na8[Al4Si14O36]2 Β· 30H2O
β“˜Gmelinite-Na9.GD.05Na4(Si8Al4O24] Β· 11H2O
β“˜Chabazite-Na9.GD.10(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 Β· 12H2O
β“˜Mordenite9.GD.35(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 Β· 28H2O
β“˜Heulandite-Na9.GE.05(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 Β· 22H2O
β“˜Clinoptilolite-Na9.GE.05Na6(Si30Al6)O72 Β· 20H2O
Unclassified
β“˜'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
β“˜'Hornblende Root Name Group'-β—»Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
β“˜'K Feldspar'-
β“˜'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
β“˜'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
β“˜'Mica Group'-
β“˜'Monazite'-REE(PO4)
β“˜'Melnikovite'-
β“˜'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
β“˜'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] Β· nH2O
β“˜'Phillipsite Subgroup'-
β“˜'Limonite'-
β“˜'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
β“˜'Heulandite Subgroup'-(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] Β· nH2O
β“˜'Gmelinite Subgroup'-
β“˜'Feldspar Group'-
β“˜'Erionite Subgroup'-M2[Al4Si14O36] Β· 15H2O
β“˜'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'-M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 Β· 20H2O
β“˜'Clay minerals'-
β“˜'Chlorite Group'-
β“˜'Chabazite'-
β“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜'Apatite
var. Carbonate-rich Apatite'		-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Hβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Hβ“˜ BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Hβ“˜ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Hβ“˜ Clinoptilolite SubgroupM3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Hβ“˜ ColemaniteCa[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O
Hβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Hβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hβ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Hβ“˜ Erionite SubgroupM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
Hβ“˜ GaidonnayiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
Hβ“˜ GerstleyiteNa2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O
Hβ“˜ HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
Hβ“˜ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Hβ“˜ HisingeriteFe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ HowliteCa2B5SiO9(OH)5
Hβ“˜ HydroboraciteCaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O
Hβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Hβ“˜ InderiteMgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ InyoiteCa(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O
Hβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hβ“˜ KerniteNa2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O
Hβ“˜ KurnakoviteMgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)
Hβ“˜ MeyerhofferiteCaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O
Hβ“˜ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Hβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Hβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ ProbertiteNaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O
Hβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ SassoliteH3BO3
Hβ“˜ SearlesiteNa(H2BSi2O7)
Hβ“˜ SideronatriteNa2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O
Hβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Hβ“˜ TincalconiteNa2(B4O7) · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Hβ“˜ TunelliteSrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O
Hβ“˜ UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ VeatchiteSr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O
Hβ“˜ WardsmithiteCa5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O
Hβ“˜ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Hβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Hβ“˜ Gmelinite-NaNa4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O
Hβ“˜ Saponite var. Iron-bearing SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Heulandite-Na(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O
Hβ“˜ Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
Hβ“˜ Gypsum var. Satin Spar GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hβ“˜ Mazzite-NaNa8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O
Hβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
LiLithium
Liβ“˜ HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
BBoron
Bβ“˜ BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Bβ“˜ ColemaniteCa[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O
Bβ“˜ GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
Bβ“˜ HowliteCa2B5SiO9(OH)5
Bβ“˜ HydroboraciteCaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O
Bβ“˜ InderiteMgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Bβ“˜ InyoiteCa(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O
Bβ“˜ KerniteNa2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O
Bβ“˜ KurnakoviteMgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Bβ“˜ MeyerhofferiteCaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O
Bβ“˜ ProbertiteNaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O
Bβ“˜ SassoliteH3BO3
Bβ“˜ SearlesiteNa(H2BSi2O7)
Bβ“˜ TincalconiteNa2(B4O7) · 5H2O
Bβ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Bβ“˜ TunelliteSrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O
Bβ“˜ UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Bβ“˜ VeatchiteSr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O
Bβ“˜ WardsmithiteCa5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ AragoniteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cβ“˜ MagnesiteMgCO3
Cβ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Cβ“˜ StrontianiteSrCO3
Cβ“˜ WitheriteBaCO3
Cβ“˜ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite(Ca,Sr)CO3
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Oβ“˜ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oβ“˜ ArsenoliteAs2O3
Oβ“˜ AragoniteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oβ“˜ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Oβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Oβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Oβ“˜ BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Oβ“˜ Clinoptilolite SubgroupM3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Oβ“˜ ColemaniteCa[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O
Oβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Oβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oβ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Oβ“˜ Erionite SubgroupM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
Oβ“˜ GaidonnayiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
Oβ“˜ GerstleyiteNa2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O
Oβ“˜ HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
Oβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oβ“˜ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Oβ“˜ HisingeriteFe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ HowliteCa2B5SiO9(OH)5
Oβ“˜ HydroboraciteCaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O
Oβ“˜ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Oβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Oβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oβ“˜ InderiteMgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ InyoiteCa(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O
Oβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oβ“˜ KerniteNa2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O
Oβ“˜ KurnakoviteMgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Oβ“˜ Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)
Oβ“˜ MagnesiteMgCO3
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ MeyerhofferiteCaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O
Oβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Oβ“˜ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Oβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Oβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ ProbertiteNaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O
Oβ“˜ PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Oβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Oβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ SassoliteH3BO3
Oβ“˜ SearlesiteNa(H2BSi2O7)
Oβ“˜ SideronatriteNa2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O
Oβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Oβ“˜ StrontianiteSrCO3
Oβ“˜ ThΓ©narditeNa2SO4
Oβ“˜ TincalconiteNa2(B4O7) · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Oβ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oβ“˜ TridymiteSiO2
Oβ“˜ TunelliteSrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O
Oβ“˜ UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ VeatchiteSr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O
Oβ“˜ WardsmithiteCa5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O
Oβ“˜ WitheriteBaCO3
Oβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oβ“˜ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Oβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Oβ“˜ Gmelinite-NaNa4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O
Oβ“˜ Saponite var. Iron-bearing SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Heulandite-Na(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O
Oβ“˜ Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
Oβ“˜ Gypsum var. Satin Spar GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oβ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oβ“˜ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite(Ca,Sr)CO3
Oβ“˜ Mazzite-NaNa8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O
Oβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fβ“˜ HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
Fβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naβ“˜ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Naβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Naβ“˜ BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Naβ“˜ GaidonnayiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Naβ“˜ GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
Naβ“˜ GerstleyiteNa2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O
Naβ“˜ HaliteNaCl
Naβ“˜ HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
Naβ“˜ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Naβ“˜ KerniteNa2[B4O6(OH)2] · 3H2O
Naβ“˜ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Naβ“˜ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Naβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Naβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naβ“˜ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Naβ“˜ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Naβ“˜ ProbertiteNaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O
Naβ“˜ SearlesiteNa(H2BSi2O7)
Naβ“˜ SideronatriteNa2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O
Naβ“˜ ThΓ©narditeNa2SO4
Naβ“˜ TincalconiteNa2(B4O7) · 5H2O
Naβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Naβ“˜ UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Naβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Naβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Naβ“˜ Gmelinite-NaNa4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O
Naβ“˜ Heulandite-Na(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O
Naβ“˜ Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
Naβ“˜ Mazzite-NaNa8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgβ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Mgβ“˜ HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
Mgβ“˜ HydroboraciteCaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O
Mgβ“˜ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Mgβ“˜ InderiteMgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Mgβ“˜ KurnakoviteMgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O
Mgβ“˜ MagnesiteMgCO3
Mgβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mgβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mgβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Mgβ“˜ WardsmithiteCa5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O
Mgβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Mgβ“˜ Saponite var. Iron-bearing SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Alβ“˜ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alβ“˜ Clinoptilolite SubgroupM3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Alβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alβ“˜ Erionite SubgroupM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
Alβ“˜ HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O
Alβ“˜ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Alβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Alβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alβ“˜ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Alβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Alβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alβ“˜ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Alβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Alβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Alβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Alβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Alβ“˜ Gmelinite-NaNa4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O
Alβ“˜ Saponite var. Iron-bearing SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alβ“˜ Heulandite-Na(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O
Alβ“˜ Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
Alβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alβ“˜ Mazzite-NaNa8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Siβ“˜ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siβ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siβ“˜ Clinoptilolite SubgroupM3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Siβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siβ“˜ Erionite SubgroupM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
Siβ“˜ GaidonnayiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Siβ“˜ GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
Siβ“˜ HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O
Siβ“˜ HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
Siβ“˜ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Siβ“˜ HisingeriteFe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Siβ“˜ HowliteCa2B5SiO9(OH)5
Siβ“˜ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Siβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Siβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siβ“˜ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Siβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Siβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Siβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ SearlesiteNa(H2BSi2O7)
Siβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Siβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ TridymiteSiO2
Siβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Siβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Siβ“˜ Gmelinite-NaNa4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O
Siβ“˜ Saponite var. Iron-bearing SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ Heulandite-Na(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O
Siβ“˜ Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
Siβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siβ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siβ“˜ Mazzite-NaNa8[Al4Si14O36]2 · 30H2O
PPhosphorus
Pβ“˜ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Pβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Sβ“˜ BerthieriteFeSb2S4
Sβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Sβ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Sβ“˜ GerstleyiteNa2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ GreigiteFe2+Fe23+S4
Sβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ MackinawiteFeS
Sβ“˜ MetacinnabarHgS
Sβ“˜ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Sβ“˜ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sβ“˜ OrpimentAs2S3
Sβ“˜ PararealgarAs4S4
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sβ“˜ RealgarAs4S4
Sβ“˜ SideronatriteNa2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O
Sβ“˜ Smythite(Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3)
Sβ“˜ StibniteSb2S3
Sβ“˜ SulphurS8
Sβ“˜ ThΓ©narditeNa2SO4
Sβ“˜ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ Gypsum var. Satin Spar GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ HaliteNaCl
Clβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kβ“˜ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
Kβ“˜ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Kβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Kβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Kβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Kβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Kβ“˜ Heulandite-Na(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O
Kβ“˜ Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caβ“˜ AragoniteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caβ“˜ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Caβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ ColemaniteCa[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O
Caβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caβ“˜ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Caβ“˜ HowliteCa2B5SiO9(OH)5
Caβ“˜ HydroboraciteCaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O
Caβ“˜ InyoiteCa(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O
Caβ“˜ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Caβ“˜ MeyerhofferiteCaB3O3(OH)5 · H2O
Caβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Caβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caβ“˜ ProbertiteNaCa[B5O7(OH)4] · 3H2O
Caβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Caβ“˜ UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Caβ“˜ WardsmithiteCa5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O
Caβ“˜ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Caβ“˜ Saponite var. Iron-bearing SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caβ“˜ Heulandite-Na(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O
Caβ“˜ Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
Caβ“˜ Gypsum var. Satin Spar GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caβ“˜ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite(Ca,Sr)CO3
Caβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiβ“˜ PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5
Tiβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Tiβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
VVanadium
Vβ“˜ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O
MnManganese
Mnβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Mnβ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Mnβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
FeIron
Feβ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feβ“˜ BerthieriteFeSb2S4
Feβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Feβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feβ“˜ GreigiteFe2+Fe23+S4
Feβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feβ“˜ HisingeriteFe23+(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Feβ“˜ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Feβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feβ“˜ Lepidocrociteγ-Fe3+O(OH)
Feβ“˜ MackinawiteFeS
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ NatrojarositeNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Feβ“˜ PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Feβ“˜ SideronatriteNa2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O
Feβ“˜ Smythite(Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3)
Feβ“˜ Saponite var. Iron-bearing SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
NiNickel
Niβ“˜ Smythite(Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3)
AsArsenic
Asβ“˜ ArsenoliteAs2O3
Asβ“˜ ArsenicAs
Asβ“˜ GerstleyiteNa2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O
Asβ“˜ OrpimentAs2S3
Asβ“˜ PararealgarAs4S4
Asβ“˜ RealgarAs4S4
SrStrontium
Srβ“˜ StrontianiteSrCO3
Srβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Srβ“˜ TunelliteSrB6O9(OH)2 · 3H2O
Srβ“˜ VeatchiteSr2B11O16(OH)5 · H2O
Srβ“˜ Chabazite-Na(Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Srβ“˜ Aragonite var. Strontium-bearing Aragonite(Ca,Sr)CO3
ZrZirconium
Zrβ“˜ GaidonnayiteNa2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O
Zrβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
SbAntimony
Sbβ“˜ BerthieriteFeSb2S4
Sbβ“˜ GerstleyiteNa2(Sb,As)8S13 · 2H2O
Sbβ“˜ StibniteSb2S3
BaBarium
Baβ“˜ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Baβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Baβ“˜ GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
Baβ“˜ HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O
Baβ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Baβ“˜ WitheriteBaCO3
Baβ“˜ Phillipsite-Na(Na,K,Ca0.5,Ba0.5)4-7[Al4-7Si12-9O32] · 12H2O
HgMercury
Hgβ“˜ MetacinnabarHgS
UUranium
Uβ“˜ CarnotiteK2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O

Other Databases

Link to USGS MRDS:10080426
Link to USGS MRDS:10284982

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References

U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, 1978-1979: volume 1: 120.
(n.d.) Minerals Availability System (MAS), U.S. Bureau of Mines.file #0060291052
https://portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn1539
https://thediggings.com/mines/21685
Yale, Charles G. & Hoyt S. Gale (1913), Borax: Mineral Resources of the United States, 1912, part 2: 839-846.
Noble, Levi Fatzinger (1926a), Borate deposits in the Kramer district, Kern County, California: USGS Bulletin 785-C: 45-61; […(abstract): Geol. Zentralbl., Band 37: 185 (1928)]: 45-61.
Schaller, Waldemar T. (1927) Kernite, a new sodium borate. American Mineralogist, 12 (1) 24-25
Eakle, Arthur S. (1929) Probertite, a new borate. American Mineralogist, 14 (11) 427-430
Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1930), Borate minerals from the Kramer district, Mohave Desert, California: USGS PP 158-I: 137-170; […Mineralogical Magazine: 22: 622 (1931)]: 137-170.
Murdoch, Joseph (1945), Probertite from Los Angeles County, California: American Mineralogist: 30: 719-721.
Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1946), Geology of the Kramer borate district, Kern County, California: California Division Mines Report 42: 332, 362.
Frondel, Clifford, Morgan, Vincent (1956) Inderite and gerstleyite from the Kramer borate district, Kern County, California. American Mineralogist, 41 (11-12) 839-843
Frondel, Clifford, Morgan, Vincent, Waugh, J. L. T. (1956) Lesserite, a new borate mineral. American Mineralogist, 41 (11-12) 927-928
Smith, George Irving, Hy Almond, & D.L. Sawyer, Jr. (1958), Sassolite from the Kramer borate district, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 1068-1078.
Christ, C.L. & R.M. Garrels (1959), Relations among sodium borate hydrates at the Kramer deposit, Boron, California: American Journal of Science: 257: 516-528.
Pemberton, H. Earl, Wm. Moller, Jack Schwartz & George Masimer (1960), The minerals of Boron, California, 40 pp. (Published by the Mineral Research Society of California, Montebello, CA): 25, 31.
Schaller, W. T., Mrose, M. E. (1960) The naming of the hydrous magnesium borate minerals from Boron, California - A preliminary note. American Mineralogist, 45 (5-6) 732-733
Obert, L. and Long, A.E. (1962) Underground borate mining, Kern County, California. US Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 6110, 67 pp.: 1-12.
Troxel, Bennie W., Morton, Paul K. (1962) Mines and Mineral Resources of Kern County California. County Report 1. California Division of Mines and Geologyp.63
Ver Planck, Wm. E., Jr. (1962), Kramer Borate District, California Division of Mines and Geology; County Report 1: 39-40.
Hay, Richard Le Roy (1964), Phillipsite of saline lakes and soils American Mineralogist: 49: 1367.
Rumanova, I.M. and Ashirov, A. (1964) The determination of the crystal structure of inderite. Soviet Physics-Crystallography: 8: 414-428.
Bowser, C.J. (1965a), Geochemistry and petrology of the sodium borates in the non-marine evaporative environment: Unpublished Ph.. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 307 pp.: 49-50, 147-148.
Dickson, F.W. and W.J. Raab (1965) Origin of stibnite associated with borax at Kramer, California. Geological Society of America Program: 44-45.
Pecora, W.T. and Staff (1965) Mineral Resources. Geological Survey Research, 1965. USGS Professional Paper 525-A, 376 pp.: 9.
Barnard, Ralph M. (1966) Stratigraphic and Structural Evolution of the Kramer Sodium Borate Ore Body, Boron, California. In Second Symposium on Salt Vol. 1. The Northern Ohio Geological Society. p.133-150.
Bowser,. C. J., Dickson, F. W. (1966) Chemical Zonation of the Borates of Kramer, California. In Second Symposium on Salt Vol. 1. The Northern Ohio Geological Society. p.122-132.
Hay, Richard Le Roy (1966) Zeolites and zeolitic reactions in sedimentary rocks: Geological Society of America Special Paper 85, 130 p.: 44.
Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154, 229, 235, 236-237, 295, 319.
Dibblee, T.W., Jr. (1967a) Areal geology of western Mojave Desert, California. USGS Professional Paper 522: 126-127.
Smith, W.C. (1968) Borax solution at Kramer, California. Economic Geology: 63(2): 877-883.
Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22(9): 143-153, 165-172.
Carnahan, V. (1970), Notes on some minerals from Boron: Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California, November: 10.
Razmanova, .P., Rumanova, I.M., and Belov, N.V. (1970) Crystal structure of kurnakovite Mg2B6O11β€’15H2O = 2Mg[B3O3(OH)5]β€’5H2O. Soviet Physics, Doklady: 14: 1139-1142.
Kistler, R.B., and Smith, W.C. (1975), Boron and Borates, in: Lefond, S.J., editor, Industrial Minerals and Rocks (non-metallics other than fuels): New York, A.I.M.E.: 473-496.
Puffer, J.H. (1975) The Kramer borate mineral assemblage. Mineralogical Record: 6: 84-91.
Siefke, J.W. (1979) Slope stability and related geology, kramer sodium borate ore body, boron, California. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 16 (2). 41pp. doi:10.1016/0148-9062(79)91657-7
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 51, 52, 66, 69, 71, 72, 115, 127, 132, 137, 161, 162, 168 (photo 4-5), 171, 174, 186, 191, 210, 213, 215, 219, 222, 216, 240, 243, 249, 256, 259, 266, 278-279, 280, 286, 292, 315, 355, 360, 368, 375, 382, 385, 401, 427, 428, 438, 439, 510, 512.
Smith, George Irving (1985) Borate deposits in the United States: Dissimilar in form, similar in geologic setting, in Barker, J.M., and LeFond, S.J., 1985, Borates: Economic Geology and Production; Proceedings of a symposium held on October 24, 1984, at the fall meeting of SME-AIME in Denver, Colorado: New York, Society of Mining Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc: 38-51.
California Division of Mines and Geology (1990), Mines and mineral producers active in California (1988-89), California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Special Publication 103.
O'Driscoll, Mike (1990), β€œMinerals in the US Southwest - breaking rocks in the hot sun” Industrial Minerals, no. 272: 56, 59.
Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona. 567pp.
Roskill Information Services Ltd. (1993), β€œThe Economics of Boron 1993, 7th ed.” London, Roskill Information Services Ltd., 156 p.
Swihart, George H., McBay, Eddy H., Smith, David H., Siefke, Joseph W. (1996) A boron isotopic study of a mineralogically zoned lacustrine borate deposit: The Kramer deposit, California, U.S.A. Chemical Geology, 127 (1) 241-250 doi:10.1016/0009-2541(95)00094-1
Arletti, R. (2005) Mazzite-Na, a new zeolite from Boron, California: Its description and crystal structure. American Mineralogist, 90 (7) 1186-1191 doi:10.2138/am.2005.1771
(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
[<[1]>]Currier, Rock (2010), personal communication with Mindat/org.
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