John F.W. Bowles, Hazel M. Prichard and Peter C.Fisher (2002) Platinum-group minerals (PGM) in the Freetown Complex, Sierra Leone. 9th Platinum symposium

Cabri, L. J. (2003) SELENIUM and arsenic concentrations in platinum group minerals of placer origin from Borneo and Sierra Leone. EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Abstracts from the meeting held in Nice, France, 6 - 11 April 2003, abstract #4476

Cabri, L. J., Oberthür, T., & Keays, R. R. (2022). Origin and depositional history of platinum-group minerals in placers–A critical review of facts and fiction. Ore Geology Reviews, 144, 104733.

Reference Search (possible matching items)

	Bowles, J. F. W., Prichard, H. M., Suarez, S., Fisher, P. C. (2013) THE FIRST REPORT OF PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS IN MAGNETITE-BEARING GABBRO, FREETOWN LAYERED COMPLEX, SIERRA LEONE: OCCURRENCES AND GENESIS. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (3) 455-473 doi:10.3749/canmin.51.3.455	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	MINERALS IN MAGNETITE-BEARING GABBRO, FREETOWN LAYERED COMPLEX, SIERRA LEONE: OCCURRENCES AND GENESIS John F...magnetite-bearing gabbroic rocks of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone for the first time. The PGM occurrences...sometimes occur near the margin of sulfides, mainly chalcopyrite and minor pentlandite. The entire PGM assemblage...smaller than the eluvial and alluvial PGM of the Freetown complex, which are predominantly Pt-Fe alloys, laurite...has yet been discovered. Previous studies of this area have suggested that secondary remobilization of
	Augé, Thierry, Gloaguen, Éric, Chevillard, Matthieu, Bailly, Laurent (2018) Mineralogy, geochemistry and emplacement of the Conakry Igneous Complex, Guinea: implications for the Ni–Cu–PGE mineralization. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (3) 593-624 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.79	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	geochemistry, and emplacement of the Conakry Igneous Complex, Guinea: implications for the Ni-Cu-(PGE) mineralization...1180/mgm.2018.79. Abstract The Conakry Igneous Complex (CIC) is a mafic-ultramafic intrusion emplaced...contemporaneously with the opening of the Atlantic, forming a complex, 55 x 5 km dyke-like body within which three main...sulfides (BMS) are present in all units of the complex and earlier descriptions have mentioned a “massive...composite Ni-Fe-Cu sulfides. Most PGM grains form complex associations resulting either from exsolution or
	Hattori, Keiko, Cabri, Louis J., Hart, Stanley R. (1991) Osmium isotope ratios of PGM grains associated with the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone, and their origin. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 109 (1) 10-18 doi:10.1007/bf00687197	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	PGM grains associated with the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone, and their origin Keiko Hattori...(residual) origin, associated with the Freetown Layered Gabbro Complex, were determined in-situ using an ion...systematic mineralogical and chemical changes of the Complex and extensive granulitization in the adjacent host...1988). The P G M grains in Sierra Leone occur in laterites covering a layered ultramafic intrusion and...without surface abrasion. The tropical climate in the area was proposed to be conducive to the formation of
	Bowles, John F. W., Suárez, Saioa, Prichard, Hazel M., Fisher, Peter C. (2017) Weathering of PGE sulfides and Pt–Fe alloys in the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone. Mineralium Deposita, 52 (8) 1127-1144 doi:10.1007/s00126-016-0706-4	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	sulfides and Pt–Fe alloys in the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone John F. W. Bowles 1 & Saioa Suárez...rocks and saprolite from Horizon B of the Freetown Layered Complex contain platinum-group minerals (PGM)...Keywords Platinum-group minerals . Freetown intrusion . Sierra Leone . Weathering . Mobility of platinum...and alluvial deposits from the Freetown Layered Intrusion in Sierra Leone, West Africa, since 1926 and...Pollett 1931, 1951). The weathered covering of the Freetown intrusion consists of low-grade bauxitic laterites
	Hattori, Keiko, Burgath, Klaus-Peter, Hart, Stanley R. (1992) Os-isotope study of platinum-group minerals in chromitites in Alpine-type ultramafic intrusions and the associated placers in Borneo. Mineralogical Magazine, 56 (383) 157-164 doi:10.1180/minmag.1992.056.383.02	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Indonesia, Malaysia. Introduction Geology of the area THE 1870S/186Os ratios of crustal rocks are much...chromitites of an Alpine-type ultramafic-mafic complex and of PGM from the associated placers on Borneo...Cretaceous crystalline schists. The rocks in the area are highly deformed and segments of different lithologies...Cretaceous at around 114 Ma (Burgath, 1988). The area was later intruded by numerous calc- Mineralogical...Vertically striped area: ultramafic-mafic complex. Northeastern vertically striped area: Bobaris Range.
	Oberthür, Thomas (2018) The Fate of Platinum-Group Minerals in the Exogenic Environment—From Sulfide Ores via Oxidized Ores into Placers: Case Studies Bushveld Complex, South Africa, and Great Dyke, Zimbabwe. Minerals, 8 (12) 581 doi:10.3390/min8120581	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Oxidized Ores into Placers: Case Studies Bushveld Complex, South Africa, and Great Dyke, Zimbabwe Thomas...(PGM) in the weathering cycle in the Bushveld Complex of South Africa and the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe...world’s prime sources of platinum-group (PGE) are layered intrusions of Proterozoic crystallites, or rarely...detrital/allogenic PGM and Archean age (e.g., Bushveld Complex, South Africa; the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe; the Stillwater...In the Bushveld/Great Dyke scenario, and in all Complex, USA). Placer deposits in Russia and in Colombia
	*Umeji, A.C. (1983) Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Freetown layered basic igneous complex of Sierra Leone. Chemical Geology, 39 (1) 17-38 doi:10.1016/0009-2541(83)90070-0*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	A L O G Y OF THE FREETOWN L A Y E R E D BASIC IGNEOUS COMPLEX OF S I E R R A LEONE A.C. UMEJI Department...Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Freetown layered basic igneous complex of Sierra Leone. Chem. Geol., 39: 17--38...17--38. The northern part of the Freetown tholeiitic layered complex is mapped. This lowermost exposed part...Ni and Zn and enrichment in Sr upward in each layered unit. The abundances of trace elements which are...fractions. The investigation reveals that the layered units are replicas produced by pulses from one
	*Markwitz, Vanessa, Hein, Kim A.A., Jessell, Mark W., Miller, John (2016) Metallogenic portfolio of the West Africa craton. Ore Geology Reviews, 78. 558-563 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.10.024*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia School of...School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia a r t i...School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. E-mail...Pan-African Orogeny, chromite, zinc and platinum in layered maﬁc intrusions were emplaced, for example, in...g., Mano River in Liberia or Koidu Pipe in Sierra Leone) and gold (e.g., Yatela in Mali) (Markwitz et
	*(2018) MGM volume 82 Supplement 1 Cover and Front matter. Mineralogical Magazine, 82. doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.126*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	because In is more abundant in sphalerite than in chalcopyrite. Indium minerals such as roquesite (CuInS2)...hydrothermal alteration of carbonatite in the Fen Complex, Norway: mineralogy, geochemistry, and implications...(Marien et al., 2018). In the Fen carbonatite Complex up to 1.6 wt.% total REE occurs in hydrothermally...horizons from the Transdanubian Mountain Range (western Hungary): genetic implications’. Uranium and REE...platinum-group minerals of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone’ (Bowles et al., 2018). Large alluvial
	Park, Y.-R., Ripley, E. M., Miller, J. D., Li, C., Mariga, J., Shafer, P. (2004) Stable Isotopic Constraints on Fluid-Rock Interaction and Cu-PGE-S Redistribution in the Sonju Lake Intrusion, Minnesota. Economic Geology, 99 (2) 325-338 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.99.2.325	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	rift-related Beaver Bay Complex, is a 1,200-mthick, strongly differentiated, layered sequence of mafic cumulates...are similar to those found in other tholeiitic layered intrusions. Concentrations of Pd in excess of 100...minerals locally liberated sulfur and replaced chalcopyrite and pyrite with goethite. In the Cu-rich zone...zone, goethite that replaces chalcopyrite may contain up to 8.5 weight percent Cu. It is evident that hydrothermal...(PGE) in large layered intrusions such as the Bushveld (Merensky reef) and Stillwater Complex (J-M reef)
	Markwitz, Vanessa, Hein, Kim A.A., Miller, John (2016) Compilation of West African mineral deposits: Spatial distribution and mineral endowment. Precambrian Research, 274. 61-81 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2015.05.028	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, M004, Crawley, 8 b 9 2050, Republic...Johannesburg, PBag 3, WITS, an 10 11 c 12 Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Email:...School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western 17 Australia, M004, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;...and Paleoproterozoic rocks that crop out over an area of approximately 76 4.5 million km2. The craton...domain in the south. In both 78 shields the western portion consists of Archean rocks that are separated
	Zaccarini, Federica, Bindi, Luca, Pushkarev, Evgeny, Garuti, Giorgio, Bakker, Ronald J. (2016) Multi-Analytical Characterization of Minerals of the Bowieite–Kashinite Series From the Svetly Bor Complex, Urals, Russia, and Comparison With Worldwide Occurrences. The Canadian Mineralogist, 54 (2) 461-473 doi:10.3749/canmin.1500021	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	BOWIEITE– KASHINITE SERIES FROM THE SVETLY BOR COMPLEX, URALS, RUSSIA, AND COMPARISON WITH WORLDWIDE OCCURRENCES...ultramaﬁc rocks associated with the Gusevogorskiy Complex in the Urals. Cabri et al. (1981) reported on the...the concentrically zoned maﬁc-ultramaﬁc Gaosital Complex in China. This Rh2S3 phase, however, was ofﬁcially...magnetite-bearing gabbros from the Freetown Layered Complex of Sierra Leone (Bowles et al. 2013). Kashinite...(1985) from the Niznhy Tagil Ural-Alaskan type Complex, located in the central Urals of Russia. It was
	Zaccarini, F., Anikina, E., Pusharev, E., Rusin, I., Garuti, G. (2004) Palladium and gold minerals from the Baronskoe-Kluevsky ore deposit (Volkovsky complex, Central Urals, Russia) Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (1) 137-156 doi:10.1007/s00710-004-0049-1	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	the Baronskoe-Kluevsky ore deposit (Volkovsky complex, Central Urals, Russia) F. Zaccarini1 , E. Anikina2...are closely associated with minute blebs of chalcopyrite þ magnetite disseminated throughout serpentinized...mineralization associated with Cu-sulfide ores in the lower layered section of the Volkovsky gabbro massif is the most...quantitative analysis of the ore minerals, has revealed a complex Pd–Au mineralogy. The texture of the ore minerals...relationships. Geological background The Volkovsky complex is located in the southern part of the Ural Platinum
	Hirajima, T., Zhang, R., Li, J., Cong, B. (1992) Petrology of the nyböite-bearing eclogite in the Donghai area, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. Mineralogical Magazine, 56 (382) 37-46 doi:10.1180/minmag.1992.056.382.05	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	BARNETT Department of Geology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 Abstract...silver-palladium alloy, thiosulphate complex, chloride complex, laterite, Bahia gold deposit, Brazil...quartz veinlets, magnetite and sulphide veins (chalcopyrite, bornite, etc.), and associated disseminated...chlorite which is abundant in the parent roaks in this area, will create a neutral to slightly alkaline conditions...These thiosulphate and sulphite complexes are good complex ions to transport both palladium and silver. Palladium
	Petrou, Athinoula L., Economou-Eliopoulos, Maria (2009) The activation energy values estimated by the Arrhenius equation as a controlling factor of platinum-group mineral formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73 (6) 1625-1636 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.009	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	and in laterites related with the Freetown layered gabbro, Sierra Leone and many other deposits worldwide...al., 2005). Alluvial PGM from the Freetown intrusion, Sierra Leone have been described by Bowles (1986)...alluvial placer deposits of the Meratus–Bobaris area, southern Kalimantan, Indonesia (Burgath, 1988)...who have studied platinum–PGM from the Bushveld complex agree that the grain sizes of the PGM are much...grains, derived from PGM-bearing rocks in the source area by weathering and erosion. However, there is a debate
	Melcher, F. (2000) Base metal - platinum-group element sulfidesfrom the Urals and the Eastern Alps:characterization and significance formineral systematics. Mineralogy and Petrology, 68 (1) 177-211 doi:10.1007/s007100050009	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Cu, Ni, Fe and B Ir, Rh, Pt) is present in complex assemblages in Kraubath, usually intergrown with...common sul®des (e.g. pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite), a few discrete sul®des with signi®cant concentrations...massif of Kraubath (Austria) is part of the Speik Complex of the Austroalpine crystalline basement nappes...deformed, metamorphosed and dismembered ophiolite complex (Stump¯ and El Ageed, 1981). Ultrama®c rocks (harzburgite...except Os-Ir alloys and Ir-Rh sul®des; in addition, complex alloys combining PGE and base metals occur, as
	Barkov, A. Y., Fleet, M. E., Martin, R. F., Halkoaho, T. A.A. (2005) New data on "Bonanza"-type PGE mineralization in the Kirakkajuppura PGE deposit, Penikat layered complex, Finland. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (5) 1663-1686 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.5.1663	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	IN THE KIRAKKAJUPPURA PGE DEPOSIT, PENIKAT LAYERED COMPLEX, FINLAND ANDREI Y. BARKOV§ AND MICHAEL E. FLEET...FLEET Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada ROBERT...species occur in the Kirakkajuppura area, Penikat layered complex, Finland. The PGM are intimately associated...actinolite and clinochlore. The base-metal sulfides [chalcopyrite, millerite, bornite, chalcocite, ferroan chalcocite(...is located near the northern end of the Penikat complex. Keywords: platinum-group elements, platinum-group
	Junge, Malte, Oberthür, Thomas, Kraemer, Dennis, Melcher, Frank, Piña, Ruben, Derrey, Insa T., Manyeruke, Tawanda, Strauss, Harald (2019) Distribution of platinum-group elements in pristine and near-surface oxidized Platreef ore and the variation along strike, northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Mineralium Deposita, 54 (6) 885-912 doi:10.1007/s00126-018-0848-7	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	the variation along strike, northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa Malte Junge 1,2,3 & Thomas Oberthür...Nature 2018 Abstract The Platreef of the Bushveld Complex is currently the largest PGE open pit deposit....contains up to 15 ppm of Os, Ir, and Ru, and chalcopyrite is usually devoid of PGE. Two compositionally...Madrid, Spain 7 Nkwe Platinum (SA) Pty Ltd, 128 Western Service Road Woodmead, Sandton, South Africa 8...al. 2015) Bushveld Complex of South Africa is the largest mafic–ultramafic layered intrusion on Earth
	Marcantonio, Franco, Reisberg, Laurie, Zindler, Alan, Wyman, Derek, Hulbert, Larry (1994) An isotopic study of the Ni-Cu-PGE-rich Wellgreen intrusion of the Wrangellia Terrane: Evidence for hydrothermal mobilization of rhenium and osmium. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (2) 1007-1018 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(94)90522-3	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	explain variable and radiogenic OS initial ratios in layered intrusions. and 0 isotope data. The behavior of...such as the Bushveld, Stillwater, Sudbury, and Freetown complexes have shown that significant amounts...mafic-ultramafic intrusion in the Wrangellia terrane of western North America (Fig. I ), contains high concentrations...occurs within the Triassic Quill Creek ultramafic complex (232 Ma U-Pb zircon age; HULBERT, unpubl. data)...which are Precambrian in age. The Quill Creek complex occurs as sill-type bodies which intrude at the
	Prichard, Hazel M., Mondal, Sisir K., Mukherjee, Ria, Fisher, Peter C., Giles, Nicolas (2018) Geochemistry and mineralogy of Pd in the magnetitite layer within the upper gabbro of the Mesoarchean Nuasahi Massif (Orissa, India) Mineralium Deposita, 53 (4) 547-564 doi:10.1007/s00126-017-0754-4	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	layer occurs at a high stratigraphic level in the complex and is nearly 4-km long and 5–12-m thick. The sections...Pd-oxides. The Nuasahi Massif is a sill-like Archean layered ultramafic-mafic intrusion genetically linked to... Magnetitite . Chromitite . Sill-like layered igneous complex . Upper gabbro unit . Nuasahi Massif Introduction...parts of layered complexes worldwide. Some of the more well-known ones include the Bushveld Complex (Barnes...(Barnes et al. 2004) and the Stella Complex (Maier et al. 2003) both in the Republic of South Africa, the
	*Zaccarini, Federica, Garuti, Giorgio (2020) Zoned Laurite from the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa: “Hydrothermal” in Origin?. Minerals, 10 (4) 373 doi:10.3390/min10040373*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Zoned Laurite from the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa: “Hydrothermal” in Origin? Federica...laurite found in the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld layered intrusion, South Africa. The zoned laurite forms...serpentine and sulfides, such as pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite, that contain small phases...Merensky Reef zoned laurite with those found in the layered chromitites of the Bushveld and podiform chromitites...group minerals (PGM); Merensky Reef; Bushveld Complex; South Africa 1. Introduction Minerals of ruthenium
	Pang, Kwan-Nang, Li, Chusi, Zhou, Mei-Fu, Ripley, Edward M. (2009) Mineral compositional constraints on petrogenesis and oxide ore genesis of the late Permian Panzhihua layered gabbroic intrusion, SW China. Lithos, 110 (1) 199-214 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.01.007	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	oxide ore genesis of the late Permian Panzhihua layered gabbroic intrusion, SW China Kwan-Nang Pang a,⁎...Keywords: Mineral composition Fe–Ti oxide ore Layered intrusion Panzhihua a b s t r a c t A systematic...stratigraphic sections through the Panzhihua intrusion, a layered gabbroic sill of late Permian age that hosts signiﬁcant...the intrusion. Compared to other well-studied layered intrusions, the Panzhihua intrusion contains Fe–Ti...Introduction The ∼ 260 Ma Panzhihua intrusion is a layered gabbroic intrusion associated with the magmatism
	Airiyants, Evgeniya V., Belyanin, Dmitriy K., Zhmodik, Sergei M., Agafonov, Leonid V., Romashkin, Pavel A. (2020) Chemical composition and origin of platinum-group minerals from placers of the Aunik River, Buryatia, Russia. Ore Geology Reviews, 120. 103453 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103453	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	studied. The present study of PGM grains reveals complex relationships between the mineral phases within...available on the distribution and origin of PGM in western Transbaikalia, and specifically, in the Bauntovsky...generalized overview of the distribution of the PGMs in Western Transbaikalia. Placer mineralization has been briefly...meta-gabbro, which together form the Shamansky ophiolite complex (Fig. 2). In the absence of systematic mineralogical...V. Airiyants, et al. Fig. 1. Overview map of Western Transbaikalia, showing the Udino-Vitim island arc
	*(2018) INTERESTING PAPERS IN OTHER JOURNALS. Economic Geology, 113 (2) 545-551 doi:10.5382/econgeo.113.2.ip01*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES ELEMENTS Layered intrusions: From petrological paradigms to precious...Bushveld and Rum layered intrusions—Edmond A. Mathez and Rosamond J. Kinzler Layered mafic-ultramafic...Leybourne 297 CHEMIE DER ERDE A unique ore-placer area of the Amur region with high-Hg gold— A.V. Melnikov...constrains magmatic-hydrothermal evolution in complex evolved granite systems: The classic Erzgebirge...Jilongshan Au-Cu deposit and the Baiguoshu prospecting area in SE Hubei Province: A guide for mineral exploration—Bakaramoko
	*Malitch, K. N., Melcher, F., Mühlhans, H. (2001) Palladium and gold mineralization in podiform chromitite at Kraubath, Austria. Mineralogy and Petrology, 73 (4) 247-277 doi:10.1007/s007100170002*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	location The Kraubath massif forms part of the Speik Complex of the Austroalpine basement nappes and has been...strongly deformed and metamorphosed ophiolite complex (Stump¯ and El Ageed, 1981). The massif is composed...location of podiform chromitite in the Sommergraben area. Thickness of chromitite and orthopyroxenite is...1.5 GPa) documented in ma®c rocks of the Speik Complex 80 km to the northwest of Kraubath (Faryad et al...massif. Two chromitite samples from the Sommergraben area of the Kraubath massif (Fig. 1) have been studied;

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Chalcopyrite from Freetown layered complex, Western Area, Sierra Leone

Chalcopyrite from
Freetown layered complex, Western Area, Sierra Leone