	Reimold, Wolf Uwe, Gibson, Roger L. (2006) The melt rocks of the Vredefort impact structure – Vredefort Granophyre and pseudotachylitic breccias: Implications for impact cratering and the evolution of the Witwatersrand Basin. Geochemistry, 66 (1) 1-35 doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2005.07.003	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	INVITED REVIEW The melt rocks of the Vredefort impact structure – Vredefort Granophyre and pseudotachylitic...pseudotachylitic breccias: Implications for impact cratering and the evolution of the Witwatersrand Basin Wolf Uwe Reimold...Reimold,1, Roger L. Gibson Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the...Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa Received 22 February 2005; accepted 26 July...the Vredefort impact structure in South Africa an exceptional laboratory for the study of impact-related
	Reimold, W.U. (2019) Comment on “Pseudotachylite vein hosted by a clast in the Vredefort Granophyre: characterization, origin and relevance” by E. Kovaleva et al., South African Journal of Geology, 2018, doi:10.25131/sajg.121.0002. South African Journal of Geology, 122 (1) 105-108 doi:10.25131/sajg.122.0005	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	in the Vredefort Granophyre: characterization, origin and relevance” by E. Kovaleva et al., South African...uwer@gmail.com © 2019 March Geological Society of South Africa The work by Kovaleva et al. (2018) deals with...single granitic clast in a dike of Vredefort impact melt rock, the Vredefort Granophyre, on farm Daskop 1103...geology synonymous with “friction melt” (the authors state so themselves), there is no way that this term could...refer to two types of impact-generated melt rock of the Vredefort Structure – Vredefort Granophyre and “pseudotachylitic
	Kovaleva, E., Huber, M.S., Roelofse, F., Tredoux, M., Praekelt, H. (2018) Pseudotachylite vein hosted by a clast in the Vredefort Granophyre: characterization, origin and relevance. South African Journal of Geology, 121 (1) 51-68 doi:10.25131/sajg.121.0002	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Pseudotachylite vein hosted by a clast in the Vredefort Granophyre: characterization, origin and relevance...University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa e-mail: kovalevae@ufs...praekehe@ufs.ac.za © 2018 March Geological Society of South Africa Abstract A small, meta-granitic clast with...microcrystalline vein was found enclosed within the Vredefort Granophyre. Semi-quantitative chemical analyses...vein within the granophyre. Introduction Meteorite impact structures are the most important features of rocky
	Deseta, Natalie, Boonsue, Suporn, Gibson, Roger L., Spray, John G. (2017) Shock-induced kelyphite formation in the core of a complex impact crater. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 172 (10) doi:10.1007/s00410-017-1399-0	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Shock‑induced kelyphite formation in the core of a complex impact crater Natalie Deseta1 · Suporn Boonsue1 · Roger...paragneisses from the centre of the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa. Detailed imaging and major element...annealing. The garnet porphyroblasts display pre-impact fractures that are overprinted by later intragranular...distinctive planar fractures associated with the impact event. Shock-induced strain localization occurred...Witwatersrand (WITS), Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa secondary garnet phase with a majoritic component
	(1998) Localized shock- and friction-induced melting in response to hypervelocity impact, in Meteorites: flux with time and impact effects. Special Publication, 140. Geological Society of London. 195-204 doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.140.01.14	Report (chapter)
	friction-induced melting in response to hypervelocity impact JOHN G. S P R A Y Department o f Geology, University...friction melts and cataclastic rocks in complex impact craters reflects the response of target lithologies...varying rates of strain. Within the Sudbury impact structure, thin (<2 mm), anastomosing veins, which can...similar relationship exists within the Vredefort impact structure, with the additional association of the...define the concentric fault systems of multi-ring impact basins. These E- (endogenic-) type pseudotachylytes
	Reimold, Wolf Uwe, Hauser, Natalia, Hansen, Bent T., Thirlwall, Matthew, Hoffmann, Marie (2017) The impact pseudotachylitic breccia controversy: Insights from first isotope analysis of Vredefort impact-generated melt rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 214. 266-281 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.07.040	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	The Impact Pseudotachylitic Breccia Controversy: Insights from First Isotope Analysis of Vredefort Impact-Generated...The Impact Pseudotachylitic Breccia Controversy: Insights from First Isotope Analysis of Vredefort Impact-Generated... The Impact Pseudotachylitic Breccia Controversy: Insights from First Isotope Analysis of Vredefort Impact-Generated...reimold@mfn-berlin.de ABSTRACT Besides impact melt rock, several large terrestrial impact structures, notably the Sudbury...Sudbury (Canada) and Vredefort (South Africa) structures, exhibit considerable occurrences of a second
	Wielicki, Matthew M., Harrison, T. Mark, Schmitt, Axel K. (2012) Geochemical signatures and magmatic stability of terrestrial impact produced zircon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 321. 20-31 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.009	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	signatures and magmatic stability of terrestrial impact produced zircon Matthew M. Wielicki ⁎, T. Mark...Editor: R.W. Carlson Keywords: zircon early Earth impact Hadean Late Heavy Bombardment Jack Hills a b s...REE abundances and Ti-in-zircon thermometry for impact produced zircon are reported here. These results...thermometry indicates an average of 773 °C for impact-produced zircon, ~ 100 °C higher than the average...record actual crystallization temperatures for impact melts. Zircon saturation modeling of Archean crustal
	Kamo, S.L., Reimold, W.U., Krogh, T.E., Colliston, W.P. (1996) A 2.023 Ga age for the Vredefort impact event and a first report of shock metamorphosed zircons in pseudotachylitic breccias and Granophyre. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 144 (3) 369-387 doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(96)00180-x	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	144 ( 1996) 369-387 A 2.023 Ga age for the Vredefort impact event and a first report of shock metamorphosed...Johannesburg, South Africa ’ Department qf Geology. University of the Orange Free State, P.O. Box 339...339, Bloemfontein 9300. South Africa Received 10 June 1996: revised 3 September 1996: accepted 13 September...controversial Vredefort Structure, South Africa, provide new and compelling evidence for an impact origin for...for this structure. Zircon grains from these rocks exhibit planar microstructures and polycrystalline
	ANHAEUSSER, C. R., STETTLER, E., GIBSON, R. L., COOPER, G. R. J. (2010) A POSSIBLE MESOARCHAEAN IMPACT STRUCTURE AT SETLAGOLE, NORTH WEST PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA: AEROMAGNETIC AND FIELD EVIDENCE. South African Journal of Geology, 113 (4) 413-436 doi:10.2113/gssajg.113.4.413	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	POSSIBLE MESOARCHAEAN IMPACT STRUCTURE AT SETLAGOLE, NORTH WEST PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA: AEROMAGNETIC AND...the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa e-mail: carl.anhaeusser@wits.ac.za E. STETTLER...the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa, and Department of Geology, University of Pretoria...the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa e-mail: roger.gibson@wits.ac.za G.R.J. COOPER...2050, South Africa e-mail: gordon.cooper®wits.ac.za C> 2010 December Geological Society of South Africa
	Biren, Marc B., Spray, John G. (2011) Shock veins in the central uplift of the Manicouagan impact structure: Context and genesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 303 (3) 310-322 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.01.003	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	veins in the central uplift of the Manicouagan impact structure: Context and genesis Marc B. Biren ⁎, John...anorthositic central uplift of the Manicouagan impact structure. They occur as thin (b 2.5 mm wide), linear...predominantly trend radially from the point of impact. The shock veins are distinguished by the development...within the collar rocks of the Vredefort impact structure of South Africa (Martini, 1978, 1991; Spray et...of the structure (i.e., it is now accepted that Vredefort was formed by hypervelocity impact). Only a
	Glukhovskii, M.Z., Kuz'min, M.I. (2013) The Kotuikan ring structure as possible evidence for a large impact event in the northern Siberian craton. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 54 (1) 1-19 doi:10.1016/j.rgg.2012.12.001	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	com/locate/rgg The Kotuikan ring structure as possible evidence for a large impact event in the northern Siberian...criteria permit identifying the Kotuikan ring structure in the northern Siberian Platform as a Paleoproterozoic...to the Vredefort and Sudbury impact structures. Also, indirect evidence for two more large impact structures...Earth by asteroids and a possible effect of large impact events on the Earth’s mantle dynamics and rotation...by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: impact structures; astroblemes; ring structures; Siberian
	*(2015) A Geological Excursion to the Mining Areas of South Africa. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 161. 174-219*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION TO THE MINING AREAS OF SOUTH AFRICA by Aberra Mogessie, Christoph Hauzenberger...Department of Geology, University of the Free State, South Africa 1. Preface Almost a year ago Aberra Mogessie...(where we had organized past excursions) and South Africa. Having discussed the matter with Christoph...areas of South Africa. We contacted Christoph Gauert from the University of Free State, South Africa to help...the Department of Geology, University of Free State, South Africa. Although there were a large number of
	*(2003) Session 3 — Catastrophism and the development of mineral resources. Applied Earth Science, 112 (2) 144-152 doi:10.1179/037174503225001983*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) is a 1·85 Ga remnant impact melt sheet1 located within Archaean and Proterozoic...melt sheet of a proposed ~250 km diameter impact structure. At the time of emplacement the SIC is believed...been mapped in the North Range of the Sudbury Structure, in Archaean rocks composed mainly of Levack Gneiss...Breccia is an impact generated parautochthonous breccia,2 commonly present at the base of impact craters....or channels in the floor of the impact melt sheet). Prior to the impact, the target rocks had undergone
	Pilles, Eric A., Osinski, Gordon R., Grieve, Richard A.F., Smith, David, Bailey, Joshua (2018) Formation of large-scale impact melt dikes: A case study of the Foy Offset Dike at the Sudbury impact structure, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 495. 224-233 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.05.023	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	large-scale impact melt dikes: A case study of the Foy Offset Dike at the Sudbury impact structure, Canada...Keywords: Sudbury Offset Dike impact crater ﬂow differentiation impact melt dike emplacement a b s t...ﬂoor and central uplift. Impact melt-bearing dikes in large terrestrial impact basins – such as the Offset...Offset Dikes at the Sudbury impact structure – occur at a large scale, often tens of meters wide and several...early emplacement of clast-poor impact melt shortly after the impact event, followed by the later emplacement
	Wittmann, A., Kenkmann, T., Schmitt, R. T., Stöffler, D. (2006) Shock-metamorphosed zircon in terrestrial impact craters. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 41 (3) 433-454 doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00472.x	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	org Shock-metamorphosed zircon in terrestrial impact craters A. WITTMANN, T. KENKMANN, R. T. SCHMITT...metamorphism of zircon, samples from three well-studied impact* craters were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning...with a granular texture during devitrification of impact melts. Other granular textures represent recrystallized...continuous impactite sequence of the Chicxulub impact structure yields implications for the post-shock temperature...ancient impact structures, e.g., Sudbury (Krogh and Davis 1984; Krogh et al. 1996) and Vredefort (Kamo
	Garde, Adam A., Dyck, Brendan, Esbensen, Kim H., Johansson, Leif, Möller, Charlotte (2014) The Finnefjeld domain, Maniitsoq structure, West Greenland: Differential rheological features and mechanical homogenisation in response to impacting?. Precambrian Research, 255. 791-808 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.06.022	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	com/locate/precamres The Finnefjeld domain, Maniitsoq structure, West Greenland: Differential rheological features...Keywords: Mixed rheological behaviour Maniitsoq impact structure Cataclasis Direct mineral melting a b s t...previously proposed, deeply eroded Maniitsoq impact structure with an age of 3.0 Ga. The Finnefjeld domain...ultrafast, impact-related processes. Glikson (2013) lists the 3.0 Ga Maniitsoq structure in the North...oldest known impact structure on Earth. This recently discovered, very deeply exhumed structure that was
	Kawohl, Alexander, Whymark, Wesley E., Bite, Andrejs, Frimmel, Hartwig E. (2020) High-Grade Magmatic Platinum Group Element-Cu(-Ni) Sulfide Mineralization Associated with the Rathbun Offset Dike of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (Ontario, Canada). Economic Geology, 115 (3). 505-525 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4717	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa Abstract Quartz dioritic impact melt dikes around the 1.85 Ga...the Sudbury impact structure and improves our understanding on the distribution of impact melt-derived...the remnant of the second largest preserved impact structure on Earth, is one of the richest known ore...exists on a genetic link between mineralization and impact-generated melts through separation of sulfide melt...gravitational accumulation thereof at the base of the impact crater (see review by Lightfoot, 2016, and references
	*Tuchscherer, M. G., Spray, J. G. (2002) Geology, Mineralization, and Emplacement of the Foy Offset Dike, Sudbury Impact Structure. Economic Geology, 97 (7) 1377-1397 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.97.7.1377**	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Emplacement of the Foy Offset Dike, Sudbury Impact Structure* M. G. TUCHSCHERER AND J. G. SPRAY† Planetary...Proterozoic footwall rocks of the Sudbury impact structure. The dike ranges in width from 400 m, where...rebound and central uplift formation as part of the impact process. Early dike emplacement implies that the...gravitationally driven intrusion, to the primitive polymict impact melt breccias and sulfide ores. The chilled margin...Introduction SUDBURY IS distinctive among the terrestrial impact structures in that well-developed radial and concentric
	Vinograd, V. L., Perchuk, L. L., Gerya, T. V., Putnis, A., Winkler, B., Gale, J. D. (2007) Order/disorder phase transition in cordierite and its possible relationship to the development of symplectite reaction textures in granulites. Petrology, 15 (5) 427-440 doi:10.1134/s0869591107050013	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	oblast, 142432 Russia c Geological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Gory, Moscow, 119192 Russia...set of empirical interatomic potentials, static structure energy calculations of various Al/Si configurations...temperature dependences of the enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of the Al/Si disorder were calculated using...2/3(T1) : 1/3(T2), that characterizes the ordered state, precludes formation of the domains of the orthorhombic...between the free energies of these two structural modifications and show that the higher free energy of
	*Osinski, Gordon R., Kring, David A. (2015) Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution V. GSA Special Paper* 518. Geological Society of America doi:10.1130/SPE518**	Report (issue)
	attention had been drawn to a 1.2-kilometer-diameter structure in northern Arizona, originally called Coon Mountain...desert to determine if Coon Butte was a volcanic or impact construct. In the end, he erroneously concluded...early stage in the development of the field of impact cratering, because it curiously is at odds with...Earth did not emerge until Barringer championed the impact concept. There is an important distinction in scale...evident on the Moon. We now understand that larger impact events occur less frequently than smaller ones
	McDonald, I., Holwell, D. A., Wesley, B. (2009) Assessing the potential involvement of an early magma staging chamber in the generation of the Platreef Ni–Cu–PGE deposit in the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex: a pilot study of the Lower Zone Complex at Zwartfontein. Applied Earth Science, 118 (1) 5-20 doi:10.1179/174327509x434902	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Thabazimbi–Murchison Lineament (TML) and the effect that this structure had on the intrusion of Bushveld magmas is debated...to result from mafic magmas intruding north and south of the TML and being contaminated by these different...(Bethal) limb covered by younger sediments to the south of the eastern limb, a largely eroded far western...debate as to the significance of a layered series south of the Ysterberg– Plankneck Fault known as the Grasvally... followed by further open pits at Zwartfontein South in 2002 and OveryselZwartfontein North (PPRust North)
	*(2000) Impacts and the Early Earth. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/bfb0027753*	Book
	the Response of the Earth System to Impact Processes/ ESF IMPACT. Ed. by lain Gilmour and Christian Koeberl...therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera ready by author Printed on acid-free paper SPIN:...“The Response of the Earth System to Impact Processes” (IMPACT) of the European Science Foundation (ESF)...of common concern. The ESF IMPACT program deals with all aspects of impact research, mainly through the...the planet. The ESF IMPACT program is an aimed at understanding impact processes and their effects
	Lobach-Zhuchenko, S. B., Kaulina, T. V., Lokhov, K. I., Egorova, Yu. S., Skublov, S. G., Galankina, O. L., Antonov, A. V. (2017) Isotopic-Geochemical Features of Zircon and Its Significance for Reconstructing the Geological History of Paleoarchean Granulites in the Ukrainian Shield. Geology of Ore Deposits, 59 (8) 663-676 doi:10.1134/s1075701517080062	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Russia c Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg...granulite-facies conditions; to a certain extent, their structure and composition were controlled by fluid. The...the Ukrainian Shield, which is an example of a structure with a multistage and long (~2 Ga) evolution (Claesson...The main aim of this paper is to discuss the structure, composition, conditions of zircon formation and...grains of K-feldspar. Pyroxene is represented by hypersthene (En0.46Fs0.52Wo0.01); clinopyroxene (En0.33Fs0
	*Kröner, Alfred, Hofmann, Axel - Eds.* (2019) The Archaean Geology of the Kaapvaal Craton, Southern Africa. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78652-0**	Book
	Archaean Geology of the Kaapvaal Craton, Southern Africa Regional Geology Reviews Series editors Roland... Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa François M. Roure, Rueil-Malmaison, France ... Each book aims to provide the reader with the state-of-the-art understanding of a regions geology with...Archaean Geology of the Kaapvaal Craton, Southern Africa 123 Editors Alfred Kröner Institut für Geowissenschaften...Geology University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, South Africa ISSN 2364-6438 ISSN 2364-6446 (electronic)
	*Grieve, Richard A. F. (2006) Impact structures in Canada* - GEOtext No. 5. Geological Association of Canada.**	Book
	Impact Struwues jinCanada Richard A.F. Grieve QB755.5 C3G76 > Geological Association of Canada Association...turesOOO0Ogrie Impact Structures in Canada eetutouiie to ‘spbsnsO ni Impact Structures in Canada...Canada Cataloguing in Publication Grieve, R. A. F. Impact structures in Canada / Richard A.F. Grieve. (GEOtext...1-897095-11-2 1. Meteorite craters--Canada. 2. Impact. 3. Cratering. 4. Collisions (Astrophysics). I...introduced me to the fascinating world of impact cratering and Canadian impact structures, in particular. As this

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Hypersthene from Vredefort impact structure, Fezile Dabi District Municipality, Free State, South Africa

Hypersthene from
Vredefort impact structure, Fezile Dabi District Municipality, Free State, South Africa