 | Large, R. R., Meffre, S., Burnett, R., Guy, B., Bull, S., Gilbert, S., Goemann, K., Danyushevsky, L. (2013) Evidence for an Intrabasinal Source and Multiple Concentration Processes in the Formation of the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa. Economic Geology, 108 (6) 1215-1241 doi:10.2113/econgeo.108.6.1215 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the Formation of the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa* Ross R. Large,1,ā Sebastien...Johannesburg, South Africa of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa Science...(LA-ICP-MS) trace element maps of pyrite and gold from the Carbon Leader Reef in the Witwatersrand basin provide...that a significant proportion of the pyrite and gold was intrabasinal, derived from the West Rand Group...stratigraphically below this reef. Rounded detrital pyrite grains in the Carbon Leader Reef vary from compact to |  | Fuchs, Sebastian, Williams-Jones, Anthony E., Jackson, Simon E., Przybylowicz, Wojciech J. (2016) Metal distribution in pyrobitumen of the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: Evidence for liquid hydrocarbon ore fluids. Chemical Geology, 426. 45-59 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.02.001 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | in pyrobitumen of the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: Evidence for liquid...in pyrobitumen of the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: Evidence for liquid...Pyrobitumen of the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand PT Supergroup, South Africa: Evidence for Liquid...Foundation, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa 4 ED AGH University of Science and Technology...oil migration, gold, uranium, Witwatersrand ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract: High-grade gold and uranium |  | Fuchs, Sebastian H.J., Schumann, Dirk, Williams-Jones, Anthony E., Murray, Andrew J., Couillard, Martin, Lagarec, Ken, Phaneuf, Michael W., Vali, Hojatollah (2017) Gold and uranium concentration by interaction of immiscible fluids (hydrothermal and hydrocarbon) in the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research, 293. 39-55 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.03.007 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Accepted Manuscript Gold and uranium concentration by interaction of immiscible fluids (hydrothermal...and hydrocarbon) in the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa Sebastian H.J. Fuchs...M. Couillard, K. Lagarec, M.W. Phaneuf, H. Vali, Gold and uranium concentration by interaction of immiscible...and hydrocarbon) in the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa, Precambrian Research...disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Title: Gold and uranium concentration by interaction of immiscible |  | | Report (chapter) | | Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ at Ohio State University Library on September 16, 2012 Geological...Special Publications Gold mineralization within the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: evidence for a modified...02 Email alerting service click here to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article...lyellcollection.org/ at Ohio State University Library on September 16, 2012 Gold mineralization within the...the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: evidence for a modified placer origin, and the role of the Vredefort |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | STUDY OF THE CARBON LEADER REEE AT THE TAU TONA AND SAVUKA MINES (WESTERN DEEP LEVELS), SOUTH AERICA: IMPLICATIONS... University of Cape Town, Rondelxjsch 7701, South Africa Present address: Kopanang Mine, AngloGold Ashanti... Sotith Africa email: chris.harris@uct.ac.za C 2010 March Geological Society of South Africa ABSTRACT...ABSTRACT TIK- Carbon Leader Rcct is a -1 m thick conglomeratic unit with a thin bituniinoii.s base, and i.s...conditions. Bulk rock 8'"O and 8D values of the Carbon Leader Reef range from 7.2%o to 10.8%i) (mean = lĆ¼.Ć³'KĀ») |  | Mossman, D.J., Minter, W.E.L., Dutkiewicz, A., Hallbauer, D.K., George, S.C., Hennigh, Q., Reimer, T.O., Horscroft, F.D. (2008) The indigenous origin of Witwatersrand ācarbonā. Precambrian Research, 164 (3) 173-186 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2008.04.008 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | com/locate/precamres The indigenous origin of Witwatersrand ācarbonā D.J. Mossman a,ā , W.E.L. Minter b , A. Dutkiewicz...Rondebosch 7700, South Africa c School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,...Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia f Evolving Gold Corporation, Vancouver, British...Accepted 29 April 2008 Keywords: Witwatersrand Carbon Indigenous Spatial distribution Kerogen Bitumen...approximately 40% of the gold is intimately associated with so-called ācarbonā in ācarbon seam reefsā, which |  | Fuchs, S., Schumann, D., Williams-Jones, A.E., Vali, H. (2015) The growth and concentration of uranium and titanium minerals in hydrocarbons of the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa. Chemical Geology, 393. 55-66 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.11.018 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | in hydrocarbons of the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa S. Fuchs a,ā, D. Schumann...and gold-bearing pyrobitumen from the Carbon Leader Reef in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, was...concentration of uranium (and titanium) in the Carbon Leader Reef. According to this model, liquid hydrocarbons...sandstone-hosted goldā uranium deposits of the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa represent the largest...repository of gold on Earth and a major resource of uranium. Indeed more than 40% of all the gold that has |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | FROM PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE WITWATERSRAND, SOUTH AFRICA D.K. H A L L B A U E R and K.T. VAN WARMELO...Laboratory, Chamber of Mines of South Africa, Johannesburg (South Africa) Department of Botany, Rand Afrikaans...Afrikaans University, Johannesburg (South Africa) (Accepted for publication May 16, 1974) ABSTRACT Hallbauer...from Precambrian rocks of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Precambrian Res., 1: 199--212. Examination...columnar carbonaceous material or thucholite from gold-bearing conglomerate revealed internal structures |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Vol. 81, 1986, pp. 20-31 Silver and Mercury in Gold Particlesfrom the Proterozoic WitwatersrandPlacerDepositsof...collectedore samples fromthe ProterozoicCarbonLeader Reef palcoplacerwere studiedby ore microscopy andanalyzedfor...elementwasmobilizedand subsequentlyamalgamatedwith gold asa resultof metamorphism. The mercurycontentsof...greatestgoldaccumulation knownon earthin the form of gold-uraniumplacerdeposits. The placersare part of the... silver and mercury contentswith sedimentaryand Gold and other heavymineral constituentsof the mineral |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Microfabric analyses applied to the Witwatersrand gold- and uranium-bearing conglomerates: constraints... it is assumed that gold is also a detrital component, although most of the gold grains display characteristics...into the Witwatersrand conglomerates. Most of the gold grains have hydrothermal characteristics, as evidenced...regarded to result from overprinting. Most likely, the gold grains experienced more drastic modiĀ®cations relative...components because of the ductile and mobile nature of gold. The retrograde metamorphic path is characterized |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | FEBRUARY 2015 | DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2344 Witwatersrand gold deposits formed by volcanic rain, anoxic rivers...Christoph A. Heinrich1,2* The Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa is one of the bestpreserved records of fluvial...hosts the worlds biggest gold resource in thin pebble beds, but the process for gold enrichment is debated2ā5...debated2ā5 . Mechanical accumulation of gold particles from flowing river water is the prevailing hypothesis2...there is evidence for hydrothermal mobilization of gold by fluids invading the metasedimentary rocks after |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | from Mesoarchaean Witwatersrand conglomerates (South Africa) supports placer model and magmatogenic sourceā...of a number of trace elements and in particular gold in uraninite. It would be worthwhile to enter into...brown ). Note brannerite (brn) neoformation. Carbon Leader Reef, Western Deep Levels, 2#, 108Ā½ level, 41W...matter (darker brown) and dusted by free gold (yellow). Carbon Leader Reef, Western Deep Levels, 3#, 100 level...1C: Note numerous fine drop-shaped inclusions of gold (yellow). E BSE image of uraninite grain in Fig |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | 1-31 ELSEVIER Metamorphism of the Witwatersrand gold fields: A review Neil G. Phillips a, Jonathan D...Genmin, P.O. Box 61820, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa (Received November 4, 1992; revised version...different rock types within all the Witwatersrand gold mines. The silicate mineral assemblages suggest...the chlorite zone in all the major Witwatersrand gold fields. Assemblages of coexisting pyrophyllite-chloritoid...pyrophyllite-chloritoid have been recorded in most of the gold mines, and the critical assemblage of pyrophyllite |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | American Corporation of South Africa Ltd., Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa TU(~EKITE, Ni9Sb2Ss,...in the gold-bearing conglomerates of the Witwatersrand System (26~ S., 27 ~ E.), South Africa. The nickel...mineral concentrate prepared from ore from the Vaal Reef, Vaal Reefs mine, Klerksdorp (Far West Witwatersrand)...mixed concentrate from the Carbon Leader Reef and the Ventersdorp Contact Reef, Western Deep Levels Ltd...Although rare free grains of tuSekite are found, the mineral is more commonly intergrown with gold, and in |  | Reimold, W.U., Meshik, A.P., Smits, G., Pravdivtseva, O.V., Shukolyukov, Yu.A. (1995) Fission xenon dating of Witwatersrand uraninites: Implications for geological activity in the Central Kaapvaal Craton about 1 Ga ago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59 (24) 5177-5190 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00354-1 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | (Upper Witwatersrand Supergroup) were obtained from gold mines in the East Rand, West Rand, and Welkom Goldfields...Goldfields of the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa. These samples were dated by the Xe~-Xe, spectrum...the Carbon Leader Reef sample from Blyvooruitzicht Gold Mine, 1.043 _+ 0.024 Ga for the Basal Reef sample...sample from Free State Geduld Gold Mine, 1.115 _ 0.036 Ga for the Main Reef uraninite concentrate from...Nigel Gold Mine, and 1.300 _+ 0.058 Ga for the Ventersdorp Contact Reef sample from Kloof Gold Mine. |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Granodiorite - - : The Precambrian geology of South West Afriea and Namaqualand. - - Preeambrian Res...MILLER, R. MEG.: The Salem granite suite, South West Africa: Genesis by partial melting of the Khomas...the southern portion of the Damara Belt (South West Africa). - - Contr. Mineral. and Petrol, 40, 207--214...area around the Khan and Swakop Rivers in South West Africa. - - Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv., Memoir 8, 1--118...some precambrian Plants from the Witwatersrand, South Africa By D. K. HALLBAUER,Johannesburg, H. M. JAHNS |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Invisible Gold Paragenesis and Geochemistry in Pyrite from Orogenic and Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposits...pyrite in ten gold deposits is used to determine the precise siting of invisible gold within pyrite,... and thus the timing of gold introduction relative to the growth of pyrite and related orogenic events...events. A spectrum of invisible gold relationships in pyrite has been observed which suggests that, relative...relative to orogenic pyrite growth, gold introduction in some deposits is early at the start of pyrite growth; |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Mestorozhdenii, 2006, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 475ā511. Gold-Bearing Reefs of the Witwatersrand Basin: A Model...ore-bearing reefs of the Witwatersrand Basin and its gold resource potential are considered. The results of...of ore from the Black, Ventersdorp Contact, Carbon Leader, and Vaal reefs, as well as of thermobarometric...gain of deep ore-bearing gas-saturated fluids. The gold mineralization was formed under conditions of partially...fluids are discussed. The specific features of the gold, carbonic, and uranium mineralization of the intracratonic |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa c GeoZentrum Nordbayern, University of Erlangen-NĆ¼rnberg...uraninite in the Mesoarchean Witwatersrand Basin (South Africa), as well as for forensic purposes to track...the low solubility of Th4+, the only oxidation state of this element. Consequently, high-temperature...Archaean Dominion Group of the Kaapvaal Craton of South Africa (Rantzsch et al., 2011). Thus Th content in...occur in the Mesoarchaean Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa. We extended therefore our study to include |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and Mercury in Single Gold Grains from the Witwatersrand and Barberton, South Africa K. von Gehlen Institut...The contents of silver and mercury in 323 spots on gold grains from seven localities of the Witwatersrand...objective was to obtain information on the extent of gold alteration during fluvial transport and post-depositional...homogeneously in the gold grains studied. No indications were found that the gold was transported in solution...suggests that the Ag and Hg contents in Witwatersrand gold grains represent geochemical 'fingerprints' inherited |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | of Mines of South Africa, Research Organization, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa AND K. VON GEHLEN...amounts of pyrite and small amounts of particles of gold found in Archaean granites (Hallbauer, 1982) as...in Ag and Hg content between homogeneous single gold grains within a hand specimen indicate a lack of...slight and generally negligible. KNOWLEDGE of the gold distribution in Witwatersrand conglomerates is essential...reefs, in particular their genetic relationship to gold and their usefulness as markers of distribution |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Mineralization in the Ventersdorp Contact Reef, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa* Andrea Agangi,ā Axel Hofmann,...University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa Abstract The Archean metasedimentary succession...Witwatersrand basin, South Africa, hosts the largest Au deposit in the world. Gold mineralization is mostly...element zoning of pyrite from the Ventersdorp Contact Reef, studied by X-ray elemental (As, Ni, Co, and Pb)...generations. In these grains, Au, occurring as āinvisible gold,ā and other trace elements might be finely dispersed |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | 2179-2186 SCIENTIFIC ANOMALOUS COMMUNICATIONS GOLD IN WITWATERSRAND SHALES G. NEIL PHILLIPS* Departmentof...halesof tens of metersthick- Virtually all the gold mined in the Witwatersrand ness that are continuous...becausethesesettings and whole-rock compositions, and reef package havehighergoldgradesthan surrounding lithologiesand...With better detectiontechniquesfor low levelsof gold(i.e., neutronactivation analysis),it is becomingobviousthat...someWitwatersrand minesof around2 to 3 ppm Au. ity of the reef packageshalescan be adequately explainedby post |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | of atmospheric oxygen triggered onset of crustal gold cycle Hartwig E. Frimmel & Quinton Hennigh Received:...Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Lack of a suitable gold source has long been regarded as a major argument...for the exceptionally well-endowed Witwatersrand gold province. By comparing worldwide Witwatersrand-type...Ga, we propose that the primary concentration of gold in the continental crust resulted from atmospheric...photosynthesizers at around 3.0 Ga, the first āwhiffsā of free oxygen produced by photosynthesis under an overall |  | Guy, B. M., Ono, S., Gutzmer, J., Lin, Y., Beukes, N. J. (2014) Sulfur sources of sedimentary ābuckshotā pyrite in the Auriferous Conglomerates of the Mesoarchean Witwatersrand and Ventersdorp Supergroups, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Mineralium Deposita, 49 (6) 751-775 doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0518-3 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and Ventersdorp Supergroups, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa B. M. Guy & S. Ono & J. Gutzmer & Y. Lin & N...and Ventersdorp supergroups, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Detailed petrographic analyses of the reefs...Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa e-mail: bradley.guy@sgs.com J. Gutzmer Helmholtz-Institute...Services, SGS South Africa, 58 Melville Street, Booysens, Johannesburg 2091, South Africa Present Address:...relative sea level fall. Introduction Pyrite in the gold-bearing conglomerates of the upper Witwatersrand |
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