 | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and transparency, and a favorable environment for mining. Future research should aid exploration, which...the notable exception. KEYWORDS : gems, diamond, emerald, sapphire, ruby, geochemistry, exploration INTRODUCTION...transparency; and (6) a favorable environment for mining. These exceptional requirements also make gem deposits...color of gem corundum), and emerald (green chromium/ vanadium-bearing gem beryl, Be3Al2Si6O18). One notable...notable exception is jade, a rock composed of either microcrystalline jadeite (NaAlSi2O6), referred to as |  | | Book | | Origin 3. Hydrothermal Gem Deposits: 35 39 The Emerald Deposits of Colombia 4. Gemstones Formed in Pegmatites:...Brazil 5. Gemstones Formed Directly from Molten Rock: 71 The Ruby Deposits of Chanthaburi-Trat, Thailand...detailed description of all varieties of gem deposits, mining and recovery methods, as well as the production...selection and up-to-date description of the geology, mining operations, production, and economy of the most...the investigation of inclusions-fluid as well as solid-has contributed remarkably towards a better and | | | Book | | Origin 3. Hydrothermal Gem Deposits: 35 39 The Emerald Deposits of Colombia 4. Gemstones Formed in Pegmatites:...Brazil 5. Gemstones Formed Directly from Molten Rock: 71 The Ruby Deposits of Chanthaburi-Trat, Thailand...detailed description of all varieties of gem deposits, mining and recovery methods, as well as the production...selection and up-to-date description of the geology, mining operations, production, and economy of the most...the investigation of inclusions-fluid as well as solid-has contributed remarkably towards a better and |  | | Book | | Gyps11111 and anhydrite. Sulfur and pyrites. Phosphate Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . United States...industri a l expansion. "Agriculture waited on mining, the need of foodstuffs stimulated farming; a complex...years British Columbia called h erself the mining province, and she had a right to the name.' lt may seem...considered to be a natural accumulation of useful mine ra l materials that can be profitably extracted...term is applied more loosely to a ll metalliferous rock, though it contains the metal in the free state |  | | Book | | [(OH)5 (P04)4]' 6 H20 (monoclinic, brown) Rotlăufchen Mine near Wetzlar/FRG Original size 5 x 6 mm ISBN-13:...geoscience, has as its subject the composition of the solid crust of the earth. We recognize that our earth...further cooled to about 1500° to 1000°C the first solid crystaIs of minerals were formed and eventually...coherent, thin outer shell was produced. This primary solid crust on our planet represented the beginning of...let us see the mineralogic components of the hard rock commonly covered by soil or humus. We get a deeper |  | | Book | | from power stations fuelled by locally mined coal. Mining directly employs half a million people and another...million people formally employed in the country. The mining industry returns billions to the economy in operating... taxes, royalties, dividends and interest. The mining industry, and the minerals on which it relies,...occur in the form of minerals, which make up the solid Earth’s crust. A mineral can be broadly defined...blocks from which rocks are made and thus form the solid parts of the entire Earth (figure 1.4). We are surrounded |  | | Report (issue) | | elbaite crystals with lepidolite from the Golconda Mine in Minas Gerais, Brazil by Eberhard Equit, 1993... Siberia and the finds of so-called Brazilian emerald that significant quantities of gem tourmaline were...were uncovered there until the 1860s when a true mining effort was directed at the outcrop (King, 2000)...circa 1910 view of the old mine portal on the north side of the Himalaya Mine in San Diego County, CA....Deer, Howie and Zussman's systematic mineralogy Rock-Forming Minerals (1962) acknowledged the name, that |  | | Journal (issue) | | SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2019 Articles The Golconda District, Minas Gerais, Brazil ..........................AUTUNITE on TOURMALINE, 11.9 cm, from the Golconda I mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Brice Gobin (Mineral Art)...“German Silver: An Historical Perspective on Silver Mining in Germany” (1986) and “Famous Mineral Localities:...as well, and they started picking over the local mine deposits together. They were married in 1970, and...antiquarian to modern mineral books and mineral or mining-related artifacts. A part of their collection was |  | | Journal (issue) | | Franks, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.A. South Yorkshire & District Branch: J. L Platts, F.G.A. Examiners: E. A. Jobbins... The specimens under discussion have a strong emerald-green colour. Because for diopside the physical...TSILAISITE (MANGANESE TOURMALINE) OF GEM QUALITY FROM ZAMBIA By Dr KARL SCHMETZER* and Prof. Dr HERMANN BANK...tourmalines with an intensive yellow coloration from Zambia are described. Chemical and physical properties...contents of 6-7% MnO were proved to be members of the solid solution series elbaite-tsilaisite (manganese tourmaline) |  | | Book | | a l s 1 8 chapter 4 T h e Rock Cycle 22 PART II Minerals from Molten Rock 28 chapter 5 Crystallization...materials are? How can I tell that one particular rock or mineral must have formed in an I0 ancient...Witnessing lava cool before our eyes to form solid rock provides the direct evidence we need to infer...egg), with an even denser "yolk," or core. The solid crust on which we live averages 30 to co kilometers...thick beneath the oceans. The mantle, which is also solid, is approximately 2,900 kilometers thick, but the |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | No. 7 MINING. • Pliny mourns the disfigurementof Mother Earth in gold and silver mining: "and for...history.of mining, and this paperpresentssomehistorical notes on the oldest form of mining, that of gems...semiprecious and decorative stones--chalcedony,quartz and rock crystal,serpentine, obsidian,pyrite,jasper,steatite...intelligent Andaman Islander, did some hard rock mining. Indeedthe Egyptianscarried on extensiveoperationsat...until about 2',000 B.c. These were the first large mining operations, and were begun more than 5,I00 years |  | | Journal (issue) | | transparence, such as an opaque material (natural beryl) and a transparent one (quartz) are placed beside...are either a dull opaque green or transparent emerald green: the colour here forming a useful characteristic...Abstracts POUGH (F. H . ) . The Jacobina amethyst mine in Brazil. J o u r n . , 1969, 22, 10, p. 1306....violet colour. Hard-rock digging techniques are used, as the mine lies in solid rock. It is privately owned...given on the effect of dust on tourmaline, an emerald with a subsidiary crystal protruding from the unpolished |  | | Book (volume) | | fringes of Greenland; in fact, there is no state or province which does not boast at least one gemstone worthy... 5 = fii? i a j — » ya y _— ’* : i mine in. q)! Y eit iia -...commerce. Coarser gemstones, or those which are rock-like in character or abundance, are treated in still...Furcron, Chief Geologist of the Department of Mines, Mining and Geology; on the State of Michigan by Robert...operator of the Little Three Mine at Ramona, and Ralph R. Potter of the Himalaya Mine at Mesa Grande provided |  | | Journal (issue) | | manufactured gem materials • Natural green pearl • Rock containing richterite and sugilite • Lead glass–filled...Pakistan • Record-breaking emerald from Hiddenite, North Carolina • Emerald-in-matrix from Bahia, Brazil...Natural pearl diving off Bahrain • Ruby and sapphire mining in Pakistan and Afghanistan • Rediscovery of sapphires...sapphires in central France • Sapphire mining in southern Madagascar • A strongly thermoluminescent spodumene...introduced was the Malossi hydrothermal synthetic emerald (Adamo et al., 2005), which was gemologically similar |  | | Report (issue) | | potential environmental and health issues caused by the mining and processing of many mineral commodities may...the environmental considerations related to the mining of nonfuel mineral resources, including the modern...Chapter B. Environmental Considerations Related to Mining of Nonfuel Minerals By Robert R. Seal II, Nadine....B3 Graph showing dates associated with all the mine sites on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s...production, U.S. apparent consumption, and U.S. mine production of antimony from 1900 to 2012....... |  | | Journal (issue) | | JEWELRY • VOL. 47 ISSUE 12 • DECEMBER 2017 1 2 ROCK & GEM 0 74470 02033 2 Vol. 47 No. 12 • U.S. $5...SCULPTURES 36 Rock tumbling preserves their original features. By Becky Solon 48 56 ROCK & GEM KIDS ...waste good collector specimens. By Bob Jones OLD MINING LAW IN A NEW ERA 60 Western claim-staking regulations...Voynick SUBSCRIPTION QUESTIONS? Call (855) 777-2325 Rock & Gem (ISSN 0048-8453, USPS 486290) is published...Beckett Media, LLC POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Rock & Gem, c/o Beckett Media, 4635 McEwen Rd., Dallas |  | | Book (volume) | | VOL.2 Bauer, Max Precious stones J FOX LAKE DISTRICT LIBRARY 2§| £ J3RAND AVENUE 60020 - PRECIOUS...Chrysoberyl Cymophane Alexandrite Beryl . Emerald . Precious beryl (Aq uamarine, ive.) . Euclase Phenakite...(Chloromelanite) Quartz . A. Crystallised Quartz . Rock-crystal .... Smoky-quartz .... Amethyst ..... Citrine...KIMBERLEY DIAMOND MINE IN 1872 . . 197 PLATE VIII. (Facing p. 202.) KIMBERLEY DIAMOND MINE IN 1874 . ,,...200 PLATE V. . . . (Facing p. 152.) DIAMOND MINE AT PANNA, INDIA . PLATE II. 78 . „ 341 cut |  | | Book | | was m e r e l y p a r t o f t h e waste o f t h e mine. W h a t t h e y needed was h i g h grade ore o...Washington D.C. area visit Virginia's noted Rutherford Mine. Photograph by Dr. Virginia Lee Blackford. ical...aquamarines, garnets, topaz, amethyst and golden beryl are among the historic gems of the Appalachian States...Field trippers visited the well known old Rutherford mine in Amelia County, Virginia, and found bright spessartine...the Franklin area were made. The serpentine gem, emerald green williamsite was first described from West |  | | Journal (issue) | | ........................ 460 1HE SCARLET COPPER MINE, N. C. By C. Henry King ..........................quarters, in the heart of the New York Jewelry district, are four times larger than those formerly had...explorations to the country surrounding the famous silver mining town of Cobalt. Later, by means of hitch hiking...Mapping Expedition Mr. Donald Russell, a dealer in mining equipment. gave me a series of Cobalt • 452...conducting an intensive resurvey of the Cobalt mining district. Their explorations were uncovering much valuable |  | | Book (volume) | | cushion cut rhodochrosite (25.56 ct), Sweet Home Mine, Colorado; colorless scheelite (19.66 ct), Kern...events to bring the history of North American gem mining up to date. Here, then, is the latest, most complete...and interviews with persons actively engaged in mining gemstones. Pertinent references are furnished throughout... most likely in Canada. Systematic large-scale mining of sapphire-bearing gravels in Montana is beginning...improved clarity and color. Beautiful, intense red beryl crystals, many of facet-grade, found in the Wah |  | | Book | | garnet diggings of Latah County and the Spencer Opal Mine, charge a digging fee. But most collectors testify...have recovered. John A. Beckwith, a life time rock hound, has for de- cades prospected Idaho's streams...opal. Gem material containing some of the mother rock or matrix is designated as opal matrix or opaline...Occasionally the thin sections of opal are crowned with rock crystal. Although the ancients believed the opal...digging is permitted on a fee basis. Because the mine is high in the mountains near the Continental Divide |  | | Book | | and gem varieties. The beryl family includes the gemstones aquamarine and emerald. But common green, yellow...yellow or brown opaque beryl, which is found in large quantities in many areas and is a source of the...both. The heat and/or pressure changes the original rock minerals to new ones, which are distinctive. The...quartz and serpentine. Gemstones are present in solid rock as groups of crystals in crevices and cavities...Gravel is formed by the breaking down of the parent rock through the ages by the natural forces of wind and |  | | Book | | can be found on mine dumps or can be purchased or traded. After introducing the main rock types this guide...Proustite (East Germany) 7 Rocks We can define a rock as a large mineral body which may contain only one... Petrologists, who study rocks, recognize three rock classes and within each class a large number of...Basalt arises from a lava solidified into a black rock, containing no quartz but rich in the feldspar minerals...rocks as seams (known as dikes). When the intrusive rock forms masses parallel to the structure of the rocks |  | | Book (edition) | | interesting facts about the people involved in mining, current price lists of various stones, and numerous...price increases, which make it more attractive to mine domestic deposits at a profit. Foreign labor is...information is included on the persons involved in mining the deposits, with dates and other pertinent information...1-X I I PRINCIPAL GEMSTONES Diamond, Corundum, Beryl, Topaz, Opal. II 68 IMPORT ANT GEMSTONES The...cut gem 4. Mounce diamond crystal 5. Gibson's Ruby mine, Cowee Creek, North Carolina 6. Corundum Hill, North |  | | Journal (issue) | | albite and lepidolite, mined recently at the Himalaya mine, Pala, California. William Larson collection; photo...just as well have been included in the eventual Beryl Issue. Although discussion of the aquamarines may...localities: the Himalaya dike system, Mesa Grande district, California (by E. E. Foord) [1977, vol. 8, no... 6, p. 461-474.]* The reopening of the Himalaya mine (by D. Eidahl) [1977, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 475.]* The...298-299.] * More on rubellite from the Itatiaia mine, Brazil (by P. C. Keller) [1979, vol. 10, no. 1 |
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