Ulianov, A., Kalt, A., Pettke, T. (2005) Hibonite, Ca (Al, Cr, Ti, Si, Mg, Fe2+)12 O19, in granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17:2, 343-356.

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	Ulianov, Alexey, Kalt, Angelika, Pettke, Thomas (2006) Aluminous websterite and granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya: gabbro–troctolitic cumulates subjected to lithospheric foundering. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 152 (4) 459-483 doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0114-3	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	and granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya: gabbro–troctolitic cumulates subjected...and trace element abundances in aluminous garnet–spinel websterite, sapphirine-bearing Mg–Al granulite...Ca–Al granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya, suggest that the samples represent...meta-igneous cumulates from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field (eastern flank of the Kenya Rift), located within the...The xenoliths investigated here include garnet–spinel websterite, two-pyroxene sapphirine-bearing granulite
	Seitz, Hans-Michael, Altherr, Rainer, Ludwig, Thomas (1999) Partitioning of transition elements between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in peridotitic and websteritic xenoliths: new empirical geothermometers. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63 (23) 3967-3982 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00163-5	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	(cpx) in carefully selected garnet peridotite, spinel peridotite and garnet websterite xenoliths was...1990); (3) the Cr-Al partitioning between opx and spinel coexisting with olivine (Witt-Eickschen and Seck...Wood, 1989; Brey and Köhler, 1990) or olivine and spinel (Fabriès, 1979; O’Neill and Wall, 1987; Ballhaus...Cr-Al partitioning between coexisting garnet and spinel (Webb and Wood, 1986) have been shown to be reliable...604/6 Chyulu Hills Chyulu Hills Cantal Marsabit Chyulu Hills Devès Chyulu Hills Chyulu Hills Chyulu
	Hopp, Jens, Trieloff, Mario, Altherr, Rainer (2007) Noble gas compositions of the lithospheric mantle below the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261 (3) 635-648 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.027	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	the lithospheric mantle below the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya Jens Hopp ⁎, Mario Trieloff, Rainer...Quaternary volcanic field of Chyulu Hills, S Kenya, c. 100 km east of the Kenya rift graben. 4He/3He ratios...subcontinental lithosphere; Kenya rift; mantle plume 1. Introduction The Kenya Rift is part of the East...doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.027 Oligocene in N Kenya (McDougall and Watkins, 1988), approximately contemporaneously...south- and eastward (Baker, 1987; Morley, 1999). The Kenya Rift graben roughly follows the contact between
	Seitz, Hans-Michael, Woodland, Alan B (2000) The distribution of lithium in peridotitic and pyroxenitic mantle lithologies — an indicator of magmatic and metasomatic processes. Chemical Geology, 166 (1) 47-64 doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00184-9	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	clinopyroxene, olivine, garnet or spinel from equilibrated spinel peridotite, garnet peridotite and garnet...established: ol ) cpx G opx 4 grt or sp for garnet and spinel peridotites, respectively, and cpx G opx ) grt...olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, garnet and spinel. For this purpose, a set of well characterised...normalised to 30 Si for silicates and to 26 Mg for spinel. A NIST SRM-610 glass was used as a standard. Major...45r3 Pa 1 Mo 22 Chyulu Hills, Kenya Marsabit, Kenya Cantal, France Chyulu Hills, Kenya Deves, ` France
	HENJES-KUNST, F., ALTHERR, R. (1992) Metamorphic Petrology of Xenoliths from Kenya and Northern Tanzania and Implications for Geotherms and Lithospheric Structures. Journal of Petrology, 33 (5) 1125-1156 doi:10.1093/petrology/33.5.1125	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	S3.00 Metamorphic Petrology of Xenoliths from Kenya and Northern Tanzania and Implications for Geotherms...Quaternary volcanic field of Marsabit (northern Kenya) bear strong evidence of decompression and cooling...of orthopyroxene (opx), clinopyroxene (cpx), and spinel (spl) occur. Garnets do show significant compositional...transformation from the garnet peridotite to the spinel peridotite stability field. On the basis of differences...1). Pyroxenitic xenoliths from the Quaternary Chyulu Hills are characterized by pyroxenes with exsolution
	*Goles, Gordon G. (1975) Basalts of unusual composition from the Chyulu Hills, Kenya. Lithos, 8 (1) 47-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(75)90030-4*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Five specimens of alkaline basalts from the Chyulu Hills were collected and analysed at the Center for...series of studies of rocks of the Gregory Rift of Kenya and of nearby areas. Saggerson (1963, 1968) studied...as basalts. Here I present selected data on the Chyulu specimens to /II~rate their compositional peculiarities...deferred until those studies are completed. The Chyulu basalt field is one of three groups of cones and...associated flows, located on the eastern flanks of the 'Kenya dome' (Baker 1965), in which the vents lie in linear
	*(1999) The lithospheric structure of the Kenya Rift as revealed by wide-angle seismic measurements. Special Publication, 164. Geological Society of London. 257-269 doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1999.164.01.13*	Report (chapter)
	May 27, 2015 The lithospheric structure of the Kenya Rift as revealed by wide-angle seismic measurements... University of Nairobi, PO Box 14576, Nairobi, Kenya 5Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of...14576, Nairobi, Kenya 8Ministry of Energy, Nyayo House, PO Box 30582, Nairobi, Kenya 9 Institute of Geology...Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark Abstract: The Kenya Rift International Seismic Project (KRISP) seismic...8.0-8.3 kms -1 are observed, except for the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, east of the rift, where it is
	Roex, Anton P., Späth, Andreas, Zartman, Robert E. (2001) Lithospheric thickness beneath the southern Kenya Rift: implications from basalt geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 142 (1) 89-106 doi:10.1007/s004100100273	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Zartman Lithospheric thickness beneath the southern Kenya Rift: implications from basalt geochemistry Received:...samples from the ¯anks and ¯oor of the southern Kenya Rift Valley in the Lake Magadi area, and from two...is absent beneath this section of the southern Kenya Rift. Introduction The eastern branch of the East...petrological studies have largely focused on the Kenya dome region of the rift valley, and on the cause...these examples, it is generally accepted that the Kenya Rift is an active rift overlying an upwelling mantle
	Ulianov, Alexey, Kalt, Angelika, Pettke, Thomas (2005) Hibonite, Ca(Al,Cr,Ti,Si,Mg,Fe2)12O19, in granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17 (2) 357-366 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0357	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	in granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya ALEXEY ULIANOV1,, ANGELIKA KALT1...Switzerland Abstract: In basanites of the Chyulu Hills* volcanic field, Kenya, hibonite is found in two xenoliths...corona textures where it forms intergrowths with spinel and sapphirine and shows reaction relationships...occurs in thorianite-bearing skarns with scapolite, spinel, corundum, diopside, anorthite and calcite (Rakotondrazafy...aluminous gneiss consisting of kalsilite, leucite, spinel, corundum and perovskite forming part of a sequence
	Furman, Tanya, Nelson, Wendy R., Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. (2016) Evolution of the East African rift: Drip magmatism, lithospheric thinning and mafic volcanism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 185. 418-434 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.024	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	volume volcanic events in Turkana (N. Kenya), Chyulu Hills (S. Kenya) and the Virunga province (Western...areas of elevated topography, the Ethiopia and Kenya domes, separated by the highly extended Turkana...small-volume flows in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya (35-45 Ma; George et al., 1998; Furman et al., 2006b)... generally 15-20 kb (1.5-2 GPa) and within the spinel stability field (Fig. 3). Relative rare earth...source lithology, and can indicate the presence of spinel versus garnet. As a whole, chondrite-normalized
	*Saggerson, E. P. (1968) Eclogite nodules associated with alkaline olivine basalts, Kenya. Geologische Rundschau, 57 (3) 890-903 doi:10.1007/bf01845371*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	nodules associated with alkaline olivine basahs, Kenya By E. P. SAGGERSON,Durban) With 9 figures and 8...basalts and associated eclogite nodules from southern Kenya* are described and attention drawn to the chemical...basalts. The possibility of deriving the basalts from spinel pyroxenite and eelogite at high temperatures and...nodules associated with alkaline olivine basalts, Kenya Is eo~epa~aa~e nopo~ax E)}EHOfi t{eHr~r[. ABTOp...Kapiti P h o n o l i t e s Scale 0 I. . . . . 2 Chyulu B a s a lBt Sa as na dn i t e s ~ 20 I 40MILES
	Kaeser, Benjamin, Olker, Bettina, Kalt, Angelika, Altherr, Rainer, Pettke, Thomas (2009) Pyroxenite xenoliths from Marsabit (Northern Kenya): evidence for different magmatic events in the lithospheric mantle and interaction between peridotite and pyroxenite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 157 (4) 453-472 doi:10.1007/s00410-008-0345-6	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	PAPER Pyroxenite xenoliths from Marsabit (Northern Kenya): evidence for different magmatic events in the...from Quaternary basanites of Marsabit, northern Kenya, were analysed for microstructures and mineral compositions...garnet websterites were decompressed (garnet-to-spinel transition) and experienced the same P–T evolution...alkaline magmatism during the development of the Kenya rift. Keywords Pyroxenite Mantle xenoliths Thermobarometry...(Bodinier and Godard 2003). Among these, most are spinel-bearing while garnet-bearing pyroxenite is rarer
	*Rajesh, V.J., Arai, S., Santosh, M., Tamura, A. (2010) LREE-rich hibonite in ultrapotassic rocks in southern India. Lithos, 115 (1) 40-50 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.11.004*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	mineral assemblage, kalsilite + leucite + corundum + spinel + perovskite + apatite + hibonite ± phlogopite...subjected to metamorphism) in the Chyulu Hills volcanic ﬁeld, Kenya. Incorporation of trace and rare earth...mineral assemblage, kalsilite + leucite + corundum + spinel + perovskite + apatite + hibonite ± phlogopite...NW, are: (i) spinel dunite, (ii) phlogopite dunite, (iii) glimmerite, (iv) graphite–spinel–glimmerite,...phlogopite– graphite spinellite and baddeleyite–apatite–spinel–phlogopite (BASP). A comprehensive description
	Nagashima, M., Armbruster, T., Hainschwang, T. (2010) A temperature-dependent structure study of gem-quality hibonite from Myanmar. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (5) 871-885 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.5.871	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	China (Cao et al., 1997); (6) the Chyulu Hills, Kenya Rift, Kenya (Ulianov et al., 2005; Ulianov and...terrestrial samples, except for a few grains from Kenya analysed by Ulianov et al. (2005), show the substitution...hibonite (Santosh et al., 1991), and the hibonite from Kenya (Ulianov et al., 2005), have the additional substitution...cubic, closest-packed layers (‘cc’) represents the spinel module (or S-block) with small cations (Y) distributed...tetrahedrally coordinated sites. The composition of the spinel module, S-block, is Y6O8. A sequence of three hexagonal
	Casagli, Alessio, Frezzotti, Maria Luce, Peccerillo, Angelo, Tiepolo, Massimo, De Astis, Gianfilippo (2017) (Garnet)-spinel peridotite xenoliths from Mega (Ethiopia): Evidence for rejuvenation and dynamic thinning of the lithosphere beneath the southern Main Ethiopian Rift. Chemical Geology, 455. 231-248 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.11.001	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	(Garnet)-spinel peridotite xenoliths from Mega (Ethiopia): Evidence for rejuvenation...Tiepolo, Massimo, De Astis, Gianﬁlippo, (Garnet)-spinel peridotite xenoliths from Mega (Ethiopia): Evidence...journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT (Garnet)-spinel peridotite xenoliths from Mega (Ethiopia): Evidence...Petrological and geothermobarometric data from (garnet)-spinel peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths in Quaternary... ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT olivine websterites contain spinel-pyroxene symplectites that were formed by garnet
	*Cámara, Fernando, Bindi, Luca, Pagano, Adriana, Pagano, Renato, Gain, Sarah, Griffin, William (2018) Dellagiustaite: A Novel Natural Spinel Containing V2+. Minerals, 9 (1) 4 doi:10.3390/min9010004*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	minerals Article Dellagiustaite: A Novel Natural Spinel Containing V2+ Fernando Cámara 1, * , Luca Bindi...Abstract: Dellagiustaite, ideally Al2 V2+ O4 , is a new spinel-group mineral from Sierra de Comechingones, San... Dellagiustaite shows the usual space group of spinel-group minerals (Fd3m, R1 = 1.46%) with a = 8.1950(1)...composition show that dellagiustaite is an inverse spinel: T tetrahedra are occupied by Al3+ , whereas +...08 Ti0.03 Mn0.01 )O4 . Keywords: dellagiustaite; spinel supergroup; oxyspinel subgroup; new mineral species;
	Belyanin, G.A., Rajesh, H.M., Van Reenen, D.D., Mouri, H. (2010) Corundum + orthopyroxene spinel intergrowths in an ultrahigh-temperature Al-Mg granulite from the Southern Marginal Zone, Limpopo Belt, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 95 (1) 196-199 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3383	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	196–199, 2010 Letter Corundum + orthopyroxene ± spinel intergrowths in an ultrahigh-temperature Al-Mg...intergrowths of corundum and symplectic intergrowth of spinel with orthopyroxene in an ultrahigh-temperature...Fe-Mg-rich garnet compositional nature of the pre-spinel-intergrowth orthopyroxene. Given the rare preservation...intergrowth of corundum and symplectic intergrowth of spinel with orthopyroxene in an Al-Mg granulite from the...Al-rich orthopyroxene (~11 wt%), antiperthites, spinel + quartz, corundum + quartz, and orthopyroxene
	Shinjo, Ryuichi, Chekol, Takele, Meshesha, Daniel, Itaya, Tetsumaru, Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki (2011) Geochemistry and geochronology of the mafic lavas from the southeastern Ethiopian rift (the East African Rift System): assessment of models on magma sources, plume–lithosphere interaction and plume evolution. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 162 (1) 209-230 doi:10.1007/s00410-010-0591-2	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	East African Rift System Southern Ethiopia Kenya plume Afar plume African superplume Sr–Nd–Pb...least two distinct mantle plumes, the Afar and Kenya plumes, that have supported the Ethiopian and the...Ethiopia were related to melting associated with the Kenya plume and driven to their present position now under...northeastward migration of the African plate over the Kenya plume for the past 50 Myr. Plume–lithosphere interaction...and Rogers (2002) proposed a mantle plume source (Kenya plume) for the pre-rift basalts and an enriched
	*(2008) Chapter 8 Regional comparisons, petrochemistry and petrogenesis. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 33. Geological Society of London. 79-89 doi:10.1144/m33.8*	Report (chapter)
	differences in the contemporaneous volcanism in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, the differences taking place...south Kenya and north Tanzania Table 8.1 summarizes the volcanic stratigraphy of southern Kenya and northern...onset of basaltic activity in Kenya (Baker et al. 1972). In southern Kenya during this period, volcanic...but the relatively large amounts of trachyte in Kenya find their equivalents in only minor amounts of...of Tanzania. Shombole, the most southerly of the Kenya central volcanoes, has more petrological affinities
	*Beccaluva, Luigi, Bianchini, Gianluca, Wilson, Marjorie (2011) Volcanism and Evolution of the African Lithosphere. GSA Special Paper* 478. Geological Society of America doi:10.1130/2011.2478**	Report (issue)
	upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly beneath Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania: Constraints on the origin of the...(derived from Quaternary intraplate magmas and spinel-lherzolite xenoliths, respectively) and upper crust...pleochroism; protogranular fabric Olivine-amphibole-spinel pyroxenite C4 Scoria cone BD87 Variably cpx-rich...gt—garnet, hbl—hornblende, pl— plagioclase, sp—spinel, ilm—ilmenite, qtz—quartz. 2+ Temperature estimates...(samples BD88A and BD88B). Olivine of the olivine-spinel*-pyroxenite (C4) has forsterite contents of ~70–80
	*Chin, Emily J. (2018) Deep crustal cumulates reflect patterns of continental rift volcanism beneath Tanzania. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 173 (10) doi:10.1007/s00410-018-1512-z*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	began propagating into northern Tanzania/southern Kenya at ~ 5 to 8 Ma (Baker 1987; Dawson 1992; Kampunzu... 85 Fig. 1 Map of northern Tanzania/southern Kenya; light gray: Pliocene—recent volcanic rocks, black:...expected, volcanism in northern Tanzania/southern Kenya (also known as the Northern Tanzania Divergence)...Xenoliths erupted in recent volcanoes in Tanzania and Kenya provide the only direct information on the composition...underlying the East African Rift in Tanzania and Kenya. Lower crustal xenoliths have also been sampled
	Lakroud, Kawtar, Remmal, Toufik, Makhoukhi, Samira, Balcone-Boissard, Hélène (2020) Ba- and Ti-rich oxymica from nephelinites in the Middle Atlas Volcanic Province, northern Morocco. Mineralogy and Petrology, 114 (2) 119-128 doi:10.1007/s00710-019-00691-x	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	olivine phenocrysts contain inclusions of zoned spinel, are commonly replaced with “iddingsite” and exhibit...and Ti-rich oxyphlogopite, Prv: perovskite, Spl: spinel, Ti-mag: Ti-rich magnetite and Foland (1996) previously...the brome alkaline igneous complex, Monteregian Hills, Quebec: mechanisms of substitution. Can Mineral...rift-related alkali volcanism–the Chyulu Hills volcanic province, southern Kenya. J Petrol 42:765– 787 Sun,...(1977) Primary basalts and magma genesis .III. Alban Hills, Roman comagmatic province, central Italy. Contrib
	Vijaya Kumar, K., Rathna, K. (2008) Geochemistry of the mafic dykes in the Prakasam Alkaline Province of Eastern Ghats Belt, India: Implications for the genesis of continental rift-zone magmatism. Lithos, 104 (1) 306-326 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.12.012	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	DMM (depleted MORB mantle) sources in the garnet–spinel stability filed; in stage two, this depleted source...(depleted MORB mantle) source within the garnet– spinel stability field followed by enrichment of 8% of...of this metasomatized DMM source within garnet–spinel stability field produces a melt with concentrations...two-stage-mantle source generated within garnet–spinel stability field explains the rare earth characteristics...lamprophyres indicate their derivation from garnet–spinel stability field (b 3 GPa; see caption to Figs.
	Nasipuri, P., Bhattacharya, A., Das, S. (2009) Metamorphic reactions in dry and aluminous granulites: a Perple_X P–T pseudosection analysis of the influence of effective reaction volume. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 157 (3) 301-311 doi:10.1007/s00410-008-0335-8	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	metapelites, monophase sapphirine corona occur around spinel–corundum aggregates in monomineralic cordierite...the assemblages for the discontinuous reactions spinel ? corundum ? cordierite ? sapphirine and sapphirine...sapphirine occurs as mono-phase corona around corundum–spinel aggregates in contact with polygonized cordierite...2006) with corundum and spinel inclusions. Sapphirine with inclusions of spinel and Fig. 1 Generalized...cordierite-rich high-Mg, Al domains. In (a) sapphirine (with spinel and corundum inclusions) occurs as coronites at
	*(2006) Basaltic magmatism and the geodynamics of the East African Rift System. Special Publication, 259. Geological Society of London. 77-93 doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.259.01.08*	Report (chapter)
	basalts from the Ethiopian rift, and throughout the Kenya and Western rifts, have a lithospheric source region...younger episodes further south through Turkana, Kenya and into Northern. Tanzania, as the African plate...geologically recent basalts from the axis of the Kenya rift show that they were generated in a dynamic...and differentiated magmas along the length of the Kenya rift (King 1978; Williams 1982; From: YIRGU, G...the location of the Main Ethiopian Rift and the Kenya and Western rifts, the distribution of Tertiary

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Spinel from Chyulu Hills, Makueni County, Kenya

Spinel from
Chyulu Hills, Makueni County, Kenya