 | | Book | | Regional Geology Reviews Jacques Varet Geology of Afar (East Africa) Regional Geology Reviews Series...springer.com/series/8643 Jacques Varet Geology of Afar (East Africa) 123 Jacques Varet GĆ©o2d OrlĆ©ans...11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword The Afar depression in East Africa is one of the most important...initiated the systematic geological exploration of Afar. I am therefore very pleased to write this preface...the geology of Afar. Since our ļ¬rst mission, we have been fascinated by the geology of Afar and by the discoveryāalong |  | Zelenski, Michael E., Fischer, Tobias P., de Moor, J. Maarten, Marty, Bernard, Zimmermann, Laurent, Ayalew, Dereje, Nekrasov, Aleksey N., Karandashev, Vasilii K. (2013) Trace elements in the gas emissions from the Erta Ale volcano, Afar, Ethiopia. Chemical Geology, 357. 95-116 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.022 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | elements in the gas emissions from the Erta Ale volcano, Afar, Ethiopia Michael E. Zelenski a,ā, Tobias P...Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences...Ababa University, P.O. Box 729/1033, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia e Institute of Microelectronics Technology and...Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia b c a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:...August 2013 Editor: D.B. Dingwell Keywords: Erta Ale volcano Gas emissions Trace elements Sulfate aerosol |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Mineralogy and Petrology of Erta Ale and Boina Volcanic Series, Afar Rift, Ethiopia by H. BIZOUARD', F. B ARBERI...revisedform 4 February 1979) Erta Ale and Boina are two volcanic areas in northern Afar rift where a complete...analysed with the microprobe. Results confirm that Erta Ale and Boina rocks can be explained as suites of...evolved liquids, crystallization at Erta Ale of more calcic plagioclase and more magnesian olivine and clinopyroxene...alkali feldspar in Erta Ale rhyolites. Together with the lower Ca content of Erta Ale clinopyroxenes, they |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | of USA ro Abstract -p The Afar Depression is a broad region of subdued topography wherein the...sub-lithospheric magma na reservoirs. Magmas in Afar and Yemen largely have geochemical characteristics...consistent with a mixture of melts derived from the Afar plume, and from a hybrid endmember comprised of...Pan-African lithosphere. Lavas erupted in the Erta āAle range do not Jo comport with this model and...mantle metasome that is likely related to prior Afar plume-lithosphere interaction. The extant data show |  | Hutchison, William, Mather, Tamsin A., Pyle, David M., Boyce, Adrian J., Gleeson, Matthew L.M., Yirgu, Gezahegn, Blundy, Jon D., Ferguson, David J., Vye-Brown, Charlotte, Millar, Ian L., Sims, Kenneth W.W., Finch, Adrian A. (2018) The evolution of magma during continental rifting: New constraints from the isotopic and trace element signatures of silicic magmas from Ethiopian volcanoes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 489. 203-218 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.027 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia f School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol...Keywords: rift magmatism assimilation peralkaline Ethiopia oxygen isotopes * a b s t r a c t Magma plays...vary during the development of a rift system. Ethiopia captures the transition from continental rifting...large volumes of silicic volcanic rocks across the region over ā¼45 Ma. The petrogenesis of these silicic...active segments of the Main Ethiopian (MER) and Afar Rifts. Most Ī“ 18 O data for mineral and glass separates |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | 2 ORIGINAL PAPER The 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea: perspectives on magmatic processes from...publication Abstract The 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, produced one of the largest volcanic...off-axis alignment, broadly perpendicular to the Afar Rift, and has a history of large-magnitude explosive...destabilisation of vertically extensive mush zone under the volcano. This could potentially account for the large volume...setting, but consistent with seismic studies of the Afar plume. This eruption was smaller than some geological |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | ponded lavas are hosted within a large synvolcanic depression at the summit of a maļ¬c shield complex. Primary...and have been relatively well studied: Erte Ale, Ethiopia (Oppenheimer and Francis, 1998; Acocella, 2006);...otherwise be accessed or studied. In the Rouyn-Noranda region of the Abitibi greenstone belt, QuĆ©bec, Canada...(1) the presence of a large-scale synvolcanic depression consistent with those hosting lava lakes; (2)...arc-collisional events represented by linear, east-trending volcano-sedimentary sequences intruded by numerous plutonic |  | | Report (issue) | | (Bottom) Carbonatite lava at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, northern Tanzania. Courtesy Alexander J. Teague...opening directions along the axes of the Red Sea (Afar) and Main Ethiopian Rifts: An overview . . . . ...The upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly beneath Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania: Constraints on the origin... . . . . . . . 37 Andrew A. Nyblade 4. The Ethiopia Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment (EAGLE):...Keir, and Eve Daly 5. Peridotite xenoliths from Ethiopia: Inferences about mantle processes from plume |  | | Journal (issue) | | venue and high attendance from across the SADC region. I met fellow practitioners I had not seen in decades...hottest place on Earth - Geology of the Danakil depression, Ethiopia. This presentation was on volcanoes...deposits found in the Ethiopian Danakil depression. Overlying the Danakil depression, which is below sea level...2km-thick salt layer underlain by basalts. The Danakil depression lies at 120m below sea level and Lake Afdera...saline than sea water) water bodies, lies in this depression. Foam forms when the lake has waves on it as |  | Le Losq, Charles, Neuville, Daniel R., Moretti, Roberto, Kyle, Philip R., Oppenheimer, Clive (2015) Rheology of phonolitic magmas ā the case of the Erebus lava lake. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 411. 53-61 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.11.042 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | online xxxx Editor: J. Brodholt Keywords: Erebus volcano lava lake viscosity rheology magma convection ...associated with low-viscosity basaltic magmas. Erebus volcano, Antarctica, is unique today in hosting a phonolitic... as in the 79 CE Plinian eruption of Vesuvius volcano, Italy, and it is therefore important to understand...we predict that the magma viscosity in the upper region of the plumbing system of Erebus ranges between...subaerial lava lakes are those hosted by Erta āAle (Ethiopia), KıĢlauea (Hawaii), Nyiragongo (Congo) and |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | rhyodacitic lava flow of the Medicine Lake Highland Volcano, California: whereas the mafic enclave is highly...groundmass consisting of ~30 vol% glass, ~25 vol% plagioclase, ~20 vol% phlogopite, ~15 vol% magnetite and...volcanic condensates of Tolbachik volcano (Zelenski et al., 2014), Erta Ale (Zelenski et al., 2013), Kudryavy...15 wt% AsO4) in altered lavas from the Mt. Etna region (Gianfagna et al., 2014). Under oxidizing conditions...(2010) Volcanic gas emissions from SoufriĆØre Hills Volcano, Montserrat 1995-2009, with implications for mafic |  | Park, Jung-Woo, Campbell, Ian H., Malaviarachchi, Sanjeewa P. K., Cocker, Helen, Hao, Hongda, Kay, Suzanne M. (2019) Chalcophile element fertility and the formation of porphyry Cu Ā± Au deposits. Mineralium Deposita, 54 (5) 657-670 doi:10.1007/s00126-018-0834-0 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | magmas are expected to leave sulfide in their source region following partial melting and to reach sulfide...Goonumbla and Wombin suites are characterized by plagioclase-pyroxene fractionation whereas the Northparkes...products, and volcanic incrustations of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64(10):1791ā1807...from oxidized magmas: evidence from the Ambae volcano, Vanuatu. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 78:28ā50 Park...condensates from the Niuatahi-Motutahi submarine volcano, Tonga rear arc: implications for PGE mineralization |  | Renggli, C. J., King, P. L., Henley, R. W., Guagliardo, P., McMorrow, L., Middleton, J. P., Turner, M. (2019) An experimental study of SO2 reactions with silicate glasses and supercooled melts in the system anorthiteādiopsideāalbite at high temperature. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 174 (1) doi:10.1007/s00410-018-1538-2 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | similar compositions are possible. In an ĀAn60Ab40 plagioclase glass at 800 Ā°C the tracer diffusivities of Na...to allow high gas flux. For example, at Galeras volcano (Colombia) long-period seismicity has been attributed...Papale P (2009) The 2007 eruption of Stromboli volcano: insights from real-time measurement of the volcanic...Behrens H (1992) Na and Ca tracer diffusion in plagioclase glasses and supercooled melts. Chem Geol 96:267ā275...Ramirez C, Kelley KA (2013) Sulfur degassing at Erta Ale (Ethiopia) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes: implications |  | | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | mixtures containing one or two igneous minerals (plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine) and small to moderate amounts...fragments of hornblende (hb), biotite (bi) and plagioclase (pl) from 8 rock units of the Rustenburg Layered...terrestrial paleoclimate record from within the El Nino-3 region. The record provides a c. 3-8 year resolution record...trace element ratios (X/Th) to basalt from Azores region in a multidimensional diagram configured for OIB...explain aspects of the geological evolution of each region including changes in the geochemical evolution |  | Melekestseva, Irina, Kotlyarov, Vasiliy, Tretāyakov, Gennadiy, Shilovskikh, Vladimir, Khvorov, Pavel, Belogub, Elena, Beltenev, Victor, Filippova, Kseniya, Sadykov, Sergey (2022) The Heavy-Metal Fingerprint of the Irinovskoe Hydrothermal Sulfide Field, 13Ā°20ā² N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Minerals, 12 (12) 1626 doi:10.3390/min12121626 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | inactive and toppled sulfide chimneys occur in the region surrounding the two active sites, indicating more...magmatic input, magmatic gas (10 g) of the Erta Ale basaltic volcano was added to the initial composition of...magnetite, montmorillonite, actinolite, sodic plagioclase, smectites, epidote and sulfides (pyrite, pyrrhotite...from massive sulfides of the island-arc Palinuro Volcano, Tyrrhenian Sea (up to 1.44 wt%) [8], Minerals...date is known from the hot-spot-related Loihi volcano, Hawaii [95]. In continental settings, the least |  | Toffolo, Luca, Nimis, Paolo, Martin, Silvana, Tumiati, Simone, Bach, Wolfgang (2017) The Cogne magnetite deposit (Western Alps, Italy): A Late Jurassic seafloor ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal system?. Ore Geology Reviews, 83. 103-126 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.11.030 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | The Cogne mining district (southern Valle dāAosta region, Western Alps, Italy; Fig. 1) consists of a 48...breakdown 557 of plagioclase. This is consistent with experimental evidence that plagioclase alteration to...Alpine Tethys in the southern Valle dāAosta 707 region. In the Mt. Avic massif, dominant serpentinized...that of gases emitted from mafic lavas (Erta 'Ale volcano, Ethiopia; 778 Sawyer et al., 2008), it can be...Territorio e Ambienteā of the 911 Valle dāAosta region for providing access to the archives of the Cogne |  | | Report (issue) | | vectors of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding region; see Figures 4A and 29A, Chapter 10, āTectonics:...and Carmichaelās (1964) study of the Thingmuli volcano in Iceland, are typical of the best studies of...melting of source regions, olivine+orthopyroxene+plagioclase+Cr-spinel the sort of mineralogy that could be...system involving olivine, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase as crystalline phases at low pressure (Stolper...core. Whether the partial melting (~10% of source region) to form eucrite liquids was extensive enough to |  | | Book (edition) | | to aerial photographs or largescale maps of the region. Without Landsat-2 an ambitious research programme...coming from the surface or to the appearance of a region within an image. For example, if a particular area...with longer wavelength radiation in the infrared region. Transitions also may occur in the rotational...(microwaves). Radar interactions in the microwave region are discussed separately in Chapter 7, because...beyond about 2.5 um. Of that in the 0.4-2.5 um region a good proportion is reflected from the surface |  | | Report (volume) | | ON THE COVER: Top Left: Image from Kawah Ijen volcano, Java, Indonesia in 1998. It shows sulfur being...ICP-MS study of melt inclusions from Galunggung Volcano, Indonesia. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:3147-3164...driven by decompression and water loss at Stromboli Volcano (Aeolian Island, Italy. J Petrol 42:1471-1490 Norman...inclusions in a basaltic andesite from the Villarrica volcano (Chile). Earth Planet Sci Lett 282:115-121 henareifagane:...below and up to ca. 100-150 eV above the edge. This region in the spectrum is sensitive to the electronic |  | | Book | | llition provide cS}(Ufo{-1a) toor- ole]at-le)(-m ale \vaarele)| 2 ole) air=lialialem-\imevmaalom eatlalāiait...Boutdaries 103 Intraplate Volcanism Volcanic Hazards, Volcano Monitoring, ajd Forecasting 97 Other Volcanic...America 3 Eastern Coastal Region 376 Gulf Coastal Region 376 Western Region 377 Cenozoic Earth History...it needed to protect its oil interests in that region. Many foreign policies and treaties develop from... that the core consists of afgmmallS6lid inner region and a" larger, apparently liquid; outer portiony |  | | Book | | continental crust, it is useful to begin by defining the region under consideration and to provide some generalities...rocks may not be representative of their source region. These elements include the alkali and alkaline-earth...natural division of the crust into thirds; (ii) the region beneath the upper crust and above a Conrad discontinuity...there is a layer beneath the Conrad; and (iii) the region immediately beneath the Conrad if there are two...Argentina AB FG, MG Mesozoic Proterozoic Calbuco Volcano, Chile AND MG ,1,000 yr Paleozoic Hickey-Vargas |  | | Report (volume) | | hot-spot and divergent-plate volcanoes Kilauea volcano Divergent-plate volcanoes Generalizations. . ....Andesitic Magmas Volatiles in magmas from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii H20 in Kilauean magmas C02 in Kilauean... 1United States Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory 5400 MacArthur Blvd. Vancouver, Washington...8). Mount Etna, an enigmatic convergent-plate volcano, also discharges C- and S-rich gases, probably...PROCESSES and divergent-plate volcanoes Kilauea volcano. Studies of high-temperature volcanic gases have |  | | Book (edition) | | historic eruptions 251 and natural gas 130 13.11 Volcano prediction 257 9.10 Exploration for oil and...ask: What are the lavas made of? How does the volcano work and how is the heat generated? Where do the...the lavas and gases come from? When did the volcano first begin to erupt and when is it likely to erupt...It is quite useless, for example, to ask why a volcano erupts, or why the sky is blue, or why there are...propitiated by suitable sacrifices. In the Mediterranean region, for example, many of the Olympian gods made familiar |  | | Book | | centre. Examples are most important minerals like plagioclase, microcline (7 Sect. 11.6.2), kyanite (. Fig...equalisation). The most prominent example is the plagioclase solid-solution series with the end members albite...fayalite, Fe2[SiO4], or Na+Si4+ ā Ca2+Al3+ in plagioclase with the end members albite, Na[AlSi3O8], and...crystal growth. Predominant minerals are subhedral plagioclase (white), subhedral potassium feldspar (pink)...(DzerżoniĆ³w), Lower Silesia, Poland . Fig. 2.4 Plagioclase (labradorite) with lamellar twinning, Madagascar |  | | Book | | position of 56Fe; and (iv) the abundance peaks in the region past iron at the neutron closed shell positions...mixing caused by the convection, the entire unstable region evolves essentially chemically homogeneouslyāreplenishing...of burning region (central or shell burning) and depleting the fuel elsewhere in that region at the same...burning of this fuel then commences outside that region. Table 1 summarizes the burning stages and their...maximum temperatures that have been reached in each region in the preceding hydrostatic burning stages (Table |
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