	*Peltola, E. (1978) Origin of Precambrian copper sulfides of the Outokumpu District, Finland. Economic Geology, 73 (4) 461-477 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.73.4.461*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Precambrian CopperSulfides of the OutokumpuDistrict,Finland ESKO PELTOLA Abstract The Outokumpuregion is...sequence, knownas the Outokumpu zone,a prerequisite for/he occurrenceof Outokumpu-typeores. The lithologicaland...affiliationwith the enclosing metasedimentaryrocksof the Outokumpu sequence.The stratifiedstructureandsystematic...geochemical featuresof the carbonaceous schistsin the Outokumpu districtindicatethattheyweredeposited understagnant...a restrictedenvironmentof sedimentation. The Outokumpu-type sulfidedepositsseemto be the Precambrianequivalentof
	Peltonen, P., Kontinen, A., Huhma, H., Kuronen, U. (2008) Outokumpu revisited: New mineral deposit model for the mantle peridotite-associated Cu–Co–Zn–Ni–Ag–Au sulphide deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 33 (3) 559-617 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.07.002	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	559 – 617 www.elsevier.com/locate/oregeorev Outokumpu revisited: New mineral deposit model for the mantle...Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151, Espoo, Finland Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 1237...FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland c Polar Mining Oy, P.O. Box 15, FI-83501, Outokumpu, Finland Received 31 October...of the Palaeoproterozoic Jormua–Outokumpu thrust belt in eastern Finland enclose m- to km-scale ultramafic...Cu–Co– Zn–Ni–Ag–Au sulphide deposits that sustained mining in the region between 1913 and 1988. Currently
	Gaál, Gabor, Koistinen, Tapio, Mattila, Esa (1975) Tectonics and stratigraphy of the vicinity of Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland. Including a structural analysis of the Outokumpu ore deposit. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande Vol. 271. Geological Survey of Finland	Journal (volume)
	Survey of Finland Bulletin 271 Tectonics and stratigraphy of the Vlclmty of Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland...Survey of Finland, Bulletin 271 TECTON ICS AN D STRATIGRAPHY OF THE VICINITY OF OUTOKUMPU, N ORTH KARELIA...vicinity of Outokumpu, North I arelia, Finland, including ~ structural ana lysis of the Outokumpu ore deposit...rocks with mica schists, black schists and the Outokumpu association comprising ophiolitic serpentinite... SF-0210/ Espon /0, Finland Tapio Kois/inan, Olltokumpll COmpall)', Kere/ti mine, SF-f!3500 Orrlokllmprl
	*Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, Kirsti (1999) Origin of black shales and the serpentinite-associated Cu-Zn-Co ores at Outokumpu, Finland. Economic Geology, 94 (7) 1007-1028 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.94.7.1007*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Cu-Zn-CoOresat Outokumpu, Finland KIRSTI LOUKOLA-RUSKEENIEMI• Geological Surveyof Finland,P.O.Box96,FIN-02151Espoo...FIN-02151Espoo, Finland Abstract The Outokumpu Cu-Zn-Codeposits areassociated withserpentinites, interpreted...theserpentinite-assoeiated prospects andminesin theKainuu-Outokumpu areawerecomparedbystudying morethan100drillco...oftheorganicrich mud. Carbonisotope 8•3Cvalues in theKainuu-Outokumpu blackschists gradefrom-30 to -19 permil.Values...pyriteranging from-5.9 to +1.4permilin theKainuu-Outokumpu blackschists. •34Svalues intheOutokumpu Cu-Zn-Co
	Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, K., Heino, T., Talvitie, J., Vanne, J. (1991) Base-metal-rich metamorphosed black shales associated with Proterozoic ophiolites in the Kainuu schist belt, Finland: a genetic link with the Outokumpu rock assemblage. Mineralium Deposita, 26 (2) doi:10.1007/bf00195261	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ophiolites in the Kainuu schist belt, Finland: a genetic link with the Outokumpu rock assemblage K. Loukola-Ruskeeniemi...Geological Survey of Finland, 02150 Espoo, Finland 2 Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 1237, 70701...70701 Kuopio, Finland Received: March 1990/Accepted: January 29, 1991 Abstract. Metamorphosed black shale...essential component of the Early Proterozoic Outokumpu rock assemblage, together with serpentinite, calc-silicate...assemblage, hosting the major Cu-Co-Zn deposits of Outokumpu and considered ophiolitic in origin, has also
	Young, Seth A., Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, Kirsti, Pratt, Lisa M. (2013) Reactions of hydrothermal solutions with organic matter in Paleoproterozoic black shales at Talvivaara, Finland: Evidence from multiple sulfur isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 367. 1-14 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.004	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	in Paleoproterozoic black shales at Talvivaara, Finland: Evidence from multiple sulfur isotopes Seth A...47405, USA Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland a r t i c l e i n f o abstract...eastern Finland. Previous d34S of studies of the Talvivaara and Outokumpu deposits of eastern Finland focused...(now schists) associated with the Talvivaara and Outokumpu ore deposits. At Talvivaara metalliferous black...mass-anomalous fractionations black shale Paleoproterozoic Finland 1. Introduction Major changes in Earth’s atmosphere
	Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, K. (1991) Geochemical evidence for the hydrothermal origin of sulphur, base metals and gold in Proterozoic metamorphosed black shales, Kainuu and Outokumpu areas, Finland. Mineralium Deposita, 26 (2) doi:10.1007/bf00195262	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Kainuu and Outokumpu areas, Finland K. Loukola-Ruskeeniemi Geological Survey of Finland, 02150 Espoo...Espoo, Finland Received March 1990/Accepted: January 29, 1991 Abstract. Metamorphosed black shale formations...abundantly met in drill cores in the Kainuu and Outokumpu areas. Carbon isotope c~t3C values are comparable...studied in 16 localities in the Proterozoic of Finland, to discover whether hydrothermal activity is reflected...to begin a detailed study in eastern Finland, where the Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Au ore deposits and the Talvivaara
	Makkonen, Hannu V., Halkoaho, Tapio, Konnunaho, Jukka, Rasilainen, Kalevi, Kontinen, Asko, Eilu, Pasi (2017) Ni-(Cu-PGE) deposits in Finland – Geology and exploration potential. Ore Geology Reviews, 90. 667-696 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.06.008	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Accepted Manuscript Ni-(Cu-PGE) deposits in Finland – geology and exploration potential Hannu V. Makkonen... A. Kontinen, P. Eilu, Ni(Cu-PGE) deposits in Finland – geology and exploration potential, Ore Geology...journal pertain. Title: Ni-(Cu-PGE) deposits in Finland – geology and exploration potential Authors: Hannu...Makkonen, Geological Survey of Finland Tapio Halkoaho, Geological Survey of Finland Jukka Konnunaho, Geological...Geological Survey of Finland Kalevi Rasilainen, Geological Survey of Finland Asko Kontinen, Geological Survey
	Papunen, H., Gorbunov, G. I. (eds.) (1985) Nickel-copper deposits of the Baltic Shield and Scandinavian Caledonides. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande Vol. 333. Geological Survey of Finland	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 333 Nickel-copper deposits of the Baltic Shield and Scandinavian...tutkimuskeskus Espoo 1985 Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 333 NICKEL-COPPER DEPOSITS OF THE BALTIC...Scandinavian Caledonides. Geological Survey 01 Finland, Bulletin 333.394 pages, 165 figures, 70 tables...USSR, the Svecokarelian nickel bells in cemral Finland, the Västerbollen nickel prcvince in Sweden, the...Haltic Shield, Ca ledon ides, Precambrian, USSR, Finland, Sweden, Norway REFERENCES: General reference:
	Rybakov, S. I. (1985) THE PALEOTECTONIC REGIME AND PALEOFACIES CONDITIONS OF EARLY PRECAMBRIAN SULFIDE ORE FORMATION ON THE BALTIC SHIELD. International Geology Review, 27 (6) 684-694 doi:10.1080/00206818509466456	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	This article was downloaded by: [North Carolina State University] On: 17 April 2015, At: 00:03 Publisher:...FORMATION ON THE BALTIC SHIELD Downloaded by [North Carolina State University] at 00:03 17 April 2015...full reorganization. These processes had a deter mining effect on the whole geologic history of the region:...Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Downloaded by [North Carolina State University] at 00:03 17 April 2015...the earliest in the geologic 685 Downloaded by [North Carolina State University] at 00:03 17 April 2015
	*Kahma, Aarno (1973) The main metallogenic features of Finland. Second printing 1979. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 265. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 265 The main metallogenie features of Finland By Aarno Kahma Geologinen...1973 Second printing 1979 Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 265 THE MAI N METALLOGENIC FEATURES... Kahma, A. 1973. The main mctallogenic features of Finland. Ge%gica/Survey oj Fin/and, Bulletin 265. 29 pages...in the Early and Middle Precambrian bedrock of Finland are outlined in the text. Information on other...Zone 8 9 Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and S ores in the Outokumpu Ore District Zn, Cu, Pb and S ores in the Vihanti Ore
	*Frietsch, R., Papunen, H., Vokes, F. M. (1979) The ore deposits in Finland, Norway, and Sweden; a review. Economic Geology, 74 (5) 975-1001 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.74.5.975*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	GBOLOGISTS AuGusT, 1979 No. 5 The Ore Depositsin Finland,Norway,andSweden a Review Introduction DESPITE...capacityof the nickel-coppermine at four countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the Vammala was increasedand...the last few mining field are the Sokli carbonatitecomplex,the Kolari iron ore district,and the Pahtavuomacopper...areas tion first went into production1654, the mining inand ore types. The metallogenyof the Nordic coun-...metric Kahma et al., 1979). The ore depositsof Finland tons of iron concentratesand pellets,0.78 million
	*Vuorelainen, Y., Hakli, T. A., Papunen, and Heikki (1972) Argentian pentlandite from some Finnish sulfide deposits. American Mineralogist, 57 (1-2) 137-145*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ErplorationDepartment, Y. Vuonnr,erNnN OutoltumPu Co., TaPiola, Finland AND Hnrrrr PeruNnN,Departmentol Geologaand Mineralogy...Mineralogy, Uniuersityof Turku,Twhu 50,Finland ABSTRACT (115,333),1858 (10) (044), and 1072 (3) (448)...was carrying out ore microscopic studieson the outokumpu copper ore, a reddish sulfide mineral was observedin...beenencounteredoccasionallyin polishedsectionsof the outokumpu ore. on the basisof preciousmetal analysesand...deposit,discoveredin 1965about 6 kilometerseast of Outokumpu,50 to 200 microns diameter grains of the silver-bearingsulfide
	*Mikkola, Aimo (1980) The metallogeny of Finland. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 305. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 305 The metallogeny of Finland by Aimo Mikkola Geologinen tutkimuslaitos.... Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 305 THE METALLOGENY OF FINLAND by AIMO MIKKOLA with 9 fig...1980 Mikkola, Aim o 1980. The metallogeny of Finland. Ceological Sllrvey land, Btilletin 305. 22 pages...metallogenic epochs and types of mineral deposits in Finland are discussed. Thc Archean iron and nickel-copper... minera l deposits, metallogeny, Precambrian, Finland. Pro]. Aimo Mikkola, Helsi"ki U"iversity Fin/and
	*Vaasjoki, Matti (1981) The lead isotopic composition of some Finnish galenas. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 316. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 316 The lead isotopic composition of some Finnish galenas by...tutkimuslaitos Espoo 1981 Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 316 THE LEAD ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF...of some Finnish galenas. Geologieal Survey of Finland, BuLLetin 316. 25 pages, 6 figures, one table and...isotopie analyses of 85 galenas from 54 loealities in Finland are reported. The leads from both the Arehean basement...isotopie determinations to mineral exploration in Finland is more plausible than ever. Key words: lead, isotopes
	*Saltikoff, Boris, Puustinen, Kauko, Tontti, Mikko (2006) Metallogenic zones and metallic mineral deposits in Finland. Special Paper* 35. Geological Survey of Finland**	Report (issue)
	Geological Survey of Finland Special Paper 35 Boris Saltikoff, Kauko Puustinen and Mikko Tontti Metallogenic...deposits in Finland Explanation to the Metallogenic Map of Finland Geological Survey of Finland Espoo 2006...metallic mineral deposits in Finland – Explanation to the Metallogenic Map of Finland. Geologian tutkimuskeskus...tutkimuskeskus – Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 35. 66 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables. This paper contains...contains explanations to the Metallogenic Map of Finland 1 : 1 000 000 (Saltikoff et al. 2002). The aim
	*Törnroos, Ragnar (1982) Sphalerite geobarometry of some metamorphosed sulphide ore deposits in Finland. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 323. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 323 Sphalerite geobarometry of some metamorphosed sulphide ore...ore deposits in Finland by Ragnar Törnroos Geologinen tutkimuslaitos Espoo 1982 Geological Survey of...of Finland, Bulletin 323 SPHALERITE GEOBAROMETRY OF SO ME METAMORPHOSED SULPHIDE ORE DEPOSITS IN FINLAND...metamorphosed sulphide ore deposits in Finland. Geological Survey 01 Finland, Bulletin 323 . 42 pages, 7 figures...in Proterozoic schists of Finland. In the Vihanti ore zone, the Outokumpu area and the Tampere schist
	*Gaál, G (1990) Tectonic styles of Early Proterozoic ore deposition in the Fennoscandian Shield. Precambrian Research, 46 (1) 83-114 doi:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90068-2*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Shield G. GAAL Geological Survey of Finland, SF-02150 Espoo (Finland) Abstract Ga~il, G., 1990. Tectonic...s. The Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and Cr contents of the Outokumpu-type deposits derive from hydrothermal leaching...tholeiitic-sedimentarycomplex of the Petsenga Ni-Cu district,intruded by mineralized mafic-ultramafic magma...al., 1984; Park et al., 1984; Berthelsen Metal mining in the Fennoscandian Shield is of great economic... Nordkalott III Au-Co Kuusamo IV Cu-Zn-Co Outokumpu V Ni-Cu . . . . Viisterbotten VI Kotalahti
	*(2023) Argentopentlandite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America*	Report (issue)
	a = 10.521(3) Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Vuonos, Finland. 3.170 (10), 1.858 (10), 2.018 (4), 1.072 (3)...31.4 (2) 0.6 31.5 Total 100.7 99.8 (1) Oktyabr mine, Russia; by electron microprobe, corresponds to...Ag1.01 (Fe5.08 Ni2.97 )Σ=8.05 S8.00 . (2) Talnotry mine, Scotland; by electron microprobe, corresponds to...Pentlandite group. Occurrence: In pyrite and cubanite-chalcopyrite hydrothermal veins in ultramafic rocks and in...Association: Pyrite, pyrrhotite, mackinawite, cubanite, chalcopyrite, stannite, galena, sphalerite, calcite, quartz
	Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, Kirsti, Lahtinen, Hannu (2013) Multiphase evolution in the black-shale-hosted Ni–Cu–Zn–Co deposit at Talvivaara, Finland. Ore Geology Reviews, 52. 85-99 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.10.006	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Talvivaara, Finland Kirsti Loukola-Ruskeeniemi a,⁎, Hannu Lahtinen b a b Geological Survey of Finland, P.O...FI-02151 Espoo, Finland Talvivaara Exploration Ltd., Talvivaarantie 66, FI-88120 Tuhkakylä, Finland a r t i...Sulphide deposit Sulphur isotope values Talvivaara Finland a b s t r a c t The Talvivaara deposit contains...rocks occur along the rift-related sequence to the north and south of Talvivaara. Characteristic features...Talvivaara ore are pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pentlandite. Sulphides occur both as ﬁne-grained
	*(2023) Pentlandite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America*	Report (issue)
	9.928(1) Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Worthington mine, Sudbury, Canada. 1.775 (100), 3.028 (80), 1.931...33.6 Total 99.74 99.8 100.1 (1) Worthington mine, Sudbury, Canada; corresponds to (Ni4.60 Fe4.30...meteorites. Association: Pyrrhotite, troilite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, mackinawite, magnetite. Distribution:...Opland. At Outokumpu, Vuonos, Miihkali, and Hietajärvi, in east Finland; in west Finland at the Hitura...deposit; and in north Finland at Rarrua. In South Africa, from the Rustenburg district, in the Merensky
	*Maier, Wolfgang D., Lahtinen, Raimo, O'Brien, Hugh - Eds.* (2015) Mineral Deposits of Finland. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/c2012-0-02750-0**	Book
	Mineral Deposits of Finland Edited by Wolfgang D. Maier Raimo Lahtinen Hugh O’Brien AMSTERDAM • BOSTON...Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland I. Haapala University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland T. Halkoaho...Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland E. Hanski Oulu Mining School, Oulu, Finland A. Hartikainen Geological...Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland C. Hartshorne AngloAmerican Exploration, London, UK T....Mawson Resources, Finland E. Heilimo Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland P. Heino Yara Suomi
	Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, Kirsti, Heino, Timo (1996) Geochemistry and genesis of the black shale-hosted Ni-Cu-Zn deposit at Talvivaara, Finland. Economic Geology, 91 (1) 80-110 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.91.1.80	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Talvivaara, Finland KIRSTI LOUKOLA-RUSKEENIEMI Geological Surveyof Finland,FIN-02150Espoo,Finland AND TIMO... HEINO Geological Surveyof Finland,P.O.Box1237,FIN-70701Kuopio, Finland Abstract The Talvivaara depositis...prospects of theOutokumpu typearepresent in theKainuu-Outokumpu region; talc-carbonate rocks(altered serpentinites)...intheTalvivaara deposit. Pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, alabandite, andpentlanditc occ...hydrothermal field. The Talvivaara Ni-Cu-Zndepositandthe Outokumpu serpentinite-associated Cu-Co-Zn-Au-Ni deposits
	*TRELOAR, P. J. (1987) The Cr-minerals of Outokumpu--Their Chemistry and Significance. Journal of Petrology, 28 (5) 867-886 doi:10.1093/petrology/28.5.867*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	The Cr-minerals of Outokumpu—Their Chemistry and Significance by PETER J. TRELOAR Department of Geology...April 1987) INTRODUCTION The Outokumpu district of Finnish Karelia is economically important, for its...The massive Cu-Co-Zn sulfidc ores at Outokumpu in Finnish Karelia are unusual among Cyprustype deposits...(Kerrih & Fryer, 1981; Winchester & Max, 1984). The Outokumpu region presents the opportunity to explore a number...The stratiform ore deposits of the Outokumpu district of North Karelia are an integral part of a sequence
	*Ridge, John Drew (1984) Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits in Europe* Vol. 1 - Northern Europe including examples from the USSR in both Europe and Asia. Pergamon Press, Oxford.**	Book (volume)
	Acta International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts Journal of...stratigraphy and structure of the rocks of the district, sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic; (3) the...explain the ideas of those who have worked on it (and mine, where they differ from those readily available...a stratigraphie et la structure des roches du district (roches sédimentaires, ignées et métamorphiques);...similarities to any of the other three, are arranged from north to south. For Sweden, a general summary of the metallogeny

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Chalcopyrite from Vuonos Mine, Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland

Chalcopyrite from
Vuonos Mine, Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland