	Solomon, Mike (2008) Brine pool deposition for the Zn–Pb–Cu massive sulphide deposits of the Bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick, Canada. I. Comparisons with the Iberian pyrite belt. Ore Geology Reviews, 33 (3) 329-351 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.04.001	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	of the belt (e.g., Neves Corvo, Tharsis and Aznalcóllar, Fig. 5) while others lie largely in acidic fragmental...shale-hosted deposits (Neves Corvo, Tharsis and Aznalcóllar) have been dated as late Strunian (360.5 to 360...the PQ Group). Equating the stratigraphies of Aznalcóllar, Los Frailes and Las Cruces (Conde et al., 2003)...(Sánchez-España et al., 2003; McKee, 2003); Aznalcóllar (Almodóvar et al., 1998); Masa Valverde (Toscano...for Hellyer by Solomon and Khin Zaw (1997). At Aznalcóllar the nonreversing are as abundant as the reversing
	*Sáez, R., Pascual, E., Toscano, M., Almodóvar, G. R. (1999) The Iberian type of volcano-sedimentary massive sulphide deposits. Mineralium Deposita, 34 (5) 549-570 doi:10.1007/s001260050220*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Universidad de Huelva, 21819 ± La RaÂbida, Huelva (Spain) e-mail: saez@uhu.es rough zoning, the inner alteration...the SW corner of the Iberian Peninsula, from Seville in Spain to the Atlantic Ocean, south of Lisbon, in...Tharsis, La Zarza, Sotiel, and AznalcoÂllar in Spain, or Neves Corvo and Aljustrel in Portugal. Even...Neves Corvo N Tharsis Sotiel M. Valverde Aznalcóllar sin r ba Sevilla i v i qu dal Gua Huelva Faro...V: Masa Valverde A: Aljustrel T: Tharsis Az: Aznalcóllar S: Sotiel F: Los Frailes Type Cu NC Type Zn-Pb-Cu
	Inverno, C. M. C., Solomon, M., Barton, M. D., Foden, J. (2008) The Cu Stockwork and Massive Sulfide Ore of the Feitais Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit, Aljustrel, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal: A Mineralogical, Fluid Inclusion, and Isotopic Investigation. Economic Geology, 103 (1) 241-267 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.103.1.241	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Las Cruces, which is on the same horizon as Aznalcóllar, dated by palinology of the host shales as Late...stannite, meneghinite, marcasite, cobaltite, native bismuth, gudmundite, kobellite, magnetite, and hematite...base of the massive sulfide orebody, where native bismuth occurs locally in the latter (Conde and Leitão...throughout (Sánchez-España et al., 2000). In the Aznalcóllar deposits, the footwall chlorite has a higher...formation temperatures of 240° to 272°C for Aznalcóllar footwall chlorite (Almodóvar et al., 1998). Electron
	Tornos, Fernando, Velasco, Francisco, Slack, John F., Delgado, Antonio, Gomez-Miguelez, Nieves, Escobar, Juan Manuel, Gomez, Carmelo (2017) The high-grade Las Cruces copper deposit, Spain: a product of secondary enrichment in an evolving basin. Mineralium Deposita, 52 (1) 1-34 doi:10.1007/s00126-016-0650-3	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ARTICLE The high-grade Las Cruces copper deposit, Spain: a product of secondary enrichment in an evolving...Ajalvir km. 4.5, Torrejon de Ardoz 28850 Madrid, Spain 2 Dpto. de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad...Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain 3 U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, MS...18100, Armilla Granada, Spain 5 C\ Diecinueve de Octubre, 13, 24008 León, Spain 6 Cobre Las Cruces S...S.A., Gerena 41860 Seville, Spain The Las Cruces copper deposit is located in the southeastern part
	Essalhi, Mourad, Sizaret, Stanislas, Barbanson, Luc, Chen, Yan, Lagroix, France, Demory, François, Nieto, José M., Sáez, Reinaldo, Capitán, M. Ángeles (2011) A case study of the internal structures of gossans and weathering processes in the Iberian Pyrite Belt using magnetic fabrics and paleomagnetic dating. Mineralium Deposita, 46 (8) 981-999 doi:10.1007/s00126-011-0361-8	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Tinto district of the Iberian Pyrite Belt of South Spain, the weathering of massive sulfide bodies form iron...Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain with: (1) a horizontal foliation refered to as...length and ≈40 km in width, extending from Seville in Spain to south of Lisbon in Portugal. Several structural...(after Quesada et al. 1991). Aj Aljustrel, Az Aznalcóllar, CP Campofrío Pluton, Hr Herrerías, IPB Iberian...several sectors of the IPB, such as Tharsis, Aznalcóllar, SotielCoronada, or Neves-Corvo (González et
	Menor-Salván, Cesar, Tornos, Fernando, Fernández-Remolar, David, Amils, Ricardo (2010) Association between catastrophic paleovegetation changes during Devonian–Carboniferous boundary and the formation of giant massive sulfide deposits. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 299 (3) 398-408 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.020	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Ardoz, Madrid, Spain Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain Centro de...“Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received...location of the San Jorge section (sj). AZ-LF: Aznalcóllar-Los Frailes; LC: Las Cruces; LO: Lousal; LZ:...deposits of Neves Corvo, Tharsis, Masa Valverde, Aznalcóllar-Los Frailes, Las Cruces and Sotiel-Migollas,...stored at the facilities of the IGME at Peñarroya (Spain) was systematically sampled by sawing half cores
	Tornos, F., Solomon, M., Conde, C., Spiro, B. F. (2008) Formation of the Tharsis Massive Sulfide Deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt: Geological, Lithogeochemical, and Stable Isotope Evidence for Deposition in a Brine Pool. Economic Geology, 103 (1) 185-214 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.103.1.185	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Minero de España, Azafranal 48, 37001 Salamanca, Spain MICHAEL SOLOMON, Centre for Ore Deposit Research...Minero de España, Azafranal 48, 37001 Salamanca, Spain AND BARUCH F. SPIRO Natural History Museum, Cromwell...spatially associated with shale (Las Cruces, Aznalcóllar-Los Frailes, Sotiel-Migollas, Valverde, Tharsis...subsea-floor replacement of the host mudstone (e.g., Aznalcóllar: Almodóvar et al., 1998), or by infilling beneath...concept to other shale-hosted deposits. For Aznalcóllar, Valverde, and Rio Tinto, Solomon et al. (2002)
	Velasco-Acebes, Jesús, Tornos, Fernando, Kidane, Abiel T., Wiedenbeck, Michael, Velasco, Francisco, Delgado, Antonio (2019) Isotope geochemistry tracks the maturation of submarine massive sulfide mounds (Iberian Pyrite Belt) Mineralium Deposita, 54 (6) 913-934 doi:10.1007/s00126-018-0853-x	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain 2 Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain 3 Helmholtz Zentrum...Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain 7 Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica de Isótopos Estables...Tierra IACT (CSIC-UGR), 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain Miner Deposita hydrothermal fluids mixing with...Sotiel-Migollas, Tharsis, Neves Corvo, Lousal, Las Cruces, Aznalcóllar-Los Frailes or Masa Valverde) are shale-hosted...2008). AL: Aljustrel; AT: Aguas Teñidas; AZ-LF: Aznalcóllar-Los Frailes; CO: Concepción; LC: Las Cruces;
	Tornos, Fernando, Heinrich, Christoph A. (2008) Shale basins, sulfur-deficient ore brines and the formation of exhalative base metal deposits. Chemical Geology, 247 (1) 195-207 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.011	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Minero de España, c/Azafranal 48, 37001 Salamanca, Spain Isotope Geochemistry and Mineral Resources, Department...Corvo, Aljustrel, La Zarza, Rio Tinto, Tharsis, Aznalcóllar-Los Frailes, Masa Valverde, Sotiel-Migollas and...grades of up to 0.7% Sn in Río Tinto, 0.2% in Aznalcóllar, 0.13% in Romanera, 3% in Sierrecilla and 0.02%...massive sulphide deposits, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Mineralium Deposita 33, 111–136. Anderson, G.M...shale-hosted massive sulphides in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Abstracts GAC-MAC-CSPG-CSSS meeting, Halifax, 2005
	Codeço, Marta S., Mateus, António, Figueiras, Jorge, Rodrigues, Pedro, Gonçalves, Luís (2018) Development of the Ervidel-Roxo and Figueirinha-Albernoa volcanic sequences in the Iberian pyrite Belt, Portugal: Metallogenic and geodynamic implications. Ore Geology Reviews, 98. 80-108 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.05.009	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	La Zarza, Aznalcóllar, 60 Sotiel, Las Cruces, Aguas Teñidas-Magdalena and Valverde in Spain, which together...Neves-Corvo, 793 Riotinto, Aguas Teñidas, Aznalcóllar, Cueva de la Mora/San Miguel), although 794...genesis of the Aznalcóllar massive sulfide deposits, Iberian Pyrite Belt, 959 Spain. Miner Deposita...1993. High-level peperitic sills at Río Tinto, Spain: Implications for 999 stratigraphy and mineralization... Marcoux, E., Moëlo, Y., Leistel, J.M., 1996. Bismuth and cobalt minerals as indicators 1131 of stringer
	*Gaspar, O. C. (2002) MINERALOGY AND SULFIDE MINERAL CHEMISTRY OF THE NEVES CORVO ORES, PORTUGAL: INSIGHT INTO THEIR GENESIS. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (2) 611-636 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.2.611*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	E–W-trending arc through southern Portugal and Spain for about 230 km, over a width ranging from 35 to...tennantite, pyrrhotite, aikinite, laitakarite, native bismuth and gold. Bulk chemical analyses carried out by...7). Cobaltite, glaucodot, alloclasite, native bismuth, bismuthinite, “rezbanyite”, galenobismutite, tetradymite...mineralogical and geochemical studies of IPB deposits in Spain led Leistel et al. (1998b) to define two types of...(1996): Edad devónica de las mineralizaciones de Aznalcóllar (Faja Pirítica Ibérica) en base a palinologia
	*Nowinska, Katarzyna (2020) Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Slags from the Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Zinc and Lead. Minerals, 10 (4) 371 doi:10.3390/min10040371*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	the tested samples. This is especially true for bismuth and thallium, which were found only in sample WZI...Valley-type deposits (MVT) (Poland), the Aznalcóllar deposit (Spain), the Świ˛etochłowice Dump (Poland)
	Li, Xiang, Zhao, Kui-Dong, Jiang, Shao-Yong, Palmer, Martin R. (2019) In-situ U-Pb geochronology and sulfur isotopes constrain the metallogenesis of the giant Neves Corvo deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt. Ore Geology Reviews, 105. 223-235 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.12.023	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	boulangerite, pyrrhotite, cobaltite, cosalite and native bismuth (Gaspar, 2002; Relvas et al., 2006a,b; Carvalho...observed in framboidal and other early pyrites at Aznalcóllar, Tharsis, and Concepción in the eastern IPB (Velasco...Iberian Pyrite Belt massive sulphide deposits (SW Spain): evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes... Marcoux, E., Moëlo, Y., Leistel, J.M., 1996. Bismuth and cobalt minerals as indicators of stringer zones
	Sáez, Reinaldo, Moreno, Carmen, González, Felipe, Almodóvar, Gabriel R. (2011) Black shales and massive sulfide deposits: causal or casual relationships? Insights from Rammelsberg, Tharsis, and Draa Sfar. Mineralium Deposita, 46 (5) 585-614 doi:10.1007/s00126-010-0311-x	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	comparison of Rammelsberg in Germany, Tharsis in Spain, and Draa Sfar in Morocco, three massive sulfide...Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain e-mail: saez@uhu.es black shales generally display...Variscan belt at Rammelsberg (Germany), Tharsis (Spain), and Draa Sfar (Morocco). These deposits exhibit...Lisbon in Portugal to the outskirts of Seville in southern Spain (Fig. 2b). The IPB consists of Upper Paleozoic...patience. This research was financed by the CICYT (Spain) Research Project CGL2006-08517, the Research Group
	*(2005) INTERESTING PAPERS IN OTHER JOURNALS. Economic Geology, 100 (5) 1055-1066 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.100.5.1055*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Pyrite Belt (Odiel river watershed, Huelva, SW Spain): Geochemistry, mineralogy and environmental implications—Javier...watkinsonite, nevskite, bohdanowiczite and other bismuth minerals—H.-J. Förster, G. Tischendorf, and D....ephemeral floodplain pools, Ríos Agrio-Guadiamar, Aznalcóllar, Spain— Karen A. Hudson-Edwards, Heather E. Jamieson...Alcudia Valley mineral field (Eastern Sierra Morena, Spain) —F.J. Palero-Fernández and A. Martín-Izard 1 ...isotopic data for cinnabar in the Almadén district (Spain): Implications for the genesis of the mercury deposits—
	*Tornos, Fernando (2006) Environment of formation and styles of volcanogenic massive sulfides: The Iberian Pyrite Belt. Ore Geology Reviews, 28 (3) 259-307 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.12.005*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Minero de España, Azafranal 48, 37001 Salamanca, Spain Received 21 September 2003; accepted 30 December...Sotiel-Migollas Upper U. Tharsis 265 Valverde Aznalcóllar-Los Frailes rhyolitic sill P P Allocthonous...Corvo (5 lenses) Aljustrel (6 lenses) La Zarza Aznalcóllar (2 lenses + stw) Sotiel Migollas (2 lenses) Tharsis...massive sulphide deposits Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Mineralium Deposita 33, 111 – 136. Alonso, F.M...Further data on the formation of ores at Rio Tinto, Spain. Transactions-Institution of Mining and Metallurgy
	*Weihed, Pär - Ed.* (2015) 3D, 4D and Predictive Modelling of Major Mineral Belts in Europe. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17428-0**	Book
	Ailleres (Monash Uni.), Cecilio Quesada (IGME, Spain), Tobias Bauer (Luleå Tech. Uni.) and Maria Economou-Eliopoulos...Iberian Pyrite Belt and the Ozza Morena zone in Spain-Portugal and the Hellenic belt of northern Greece...Iberian Pyrite Belt and the Ozza Morena zone in Spain-Portugal and the Hellenic belt of northern Greece...the Iberian Pyrite Belt in Spain and Portugal and the Ossa Morena Zone in Spain. The Iberian Pyrite Belt...of, for instance, the southern Iberian province (Spain and Portugal) or the Châteaulin basin (France).
	Luz, Filipa, Mateus, António, Figueiras, Jorge, Tassinari, Colombo C.G., Ferreira, Ezequiel, Gonçalves, Luís (2019) Recognizing metasedimentary sequences potentially hosting concealed massive sulfide accumulations in the Iberian Pyrite Belt using geochemical fingerprints. Ore Geology Reviews, 107. 973-998 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.03.020	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	distributed within ca. 90 deposits in Portugal and Spain (Fig. 1) and is one of the most important worldwide...versions of this text. Prof. R. Saéz (Univ. Huelva, Spain), Jan Peter (Geological Survey of Canada), and an...and genesis of the Aznalcóllar massive sulfide deposits, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Mineral. Deposita...occurrences of the Prades Mountains (Catalonia, Spain): trace-element abundances and Sm-Nd isotopes. J...Aznacollar mining district (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain): physical and chemical controls. Journal of Volcanology
	*(1992) Mineral Industries of Europe and the USSR. Vol 3. Minerals Yearbook 1990, Bureau of Mines.*	Report (Issue volume)
	France, the Netherlands, Denmark/Greenland, Spain, Portugal, Luxembourg, The United Kingdom, and...542 12,277 Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain United Kingdom 91,626 Subtotal 11,425 610 19... 543 358 71,310 58 27 167 43 = СЕ Portugal Spain United Kingdom Subtotal 260 7 634 310 1,037 ... 58,920 — Italy 41,698; West Germany 12,278; Spain 3,168. 46,911 35,508 — Italy 15,207; West Germany...forms Arsenic: Metal including alloys, all forms Bismuth: Cadmium: Metal including alloys, all forms Metal
	Huston, David L., Relvas, Jorge M. R. S., Gemmell, J. Bruce, Drieberg, Susan (2011) The role of granites in volcanic-hosted massive sulphide ore-forming systems: an assessment of magmatic–hydrothermal contributions. Mineralium Deposita, 46 (5) 473-507 doi:10.1007/s00126-010-0322-7	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	8° 7° Grândola Ossa M Lousal BEJA orena Z SPAIN PORTUGAL one Madrid Lisboa 38° ATLANTIC OCEAN...of intrusive bodies in the Campo Frio Complex, Spain, no plutonic rocks have been unequivocally established...and genesis of the Aznalcóllar massive sulphide deposits, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Miner Depos 33:111–136...33:45– 58 Marcoux E, Moëlo Y, Leistel JM (1996) Bismuth and cobalt minerals as indicators of stringer zones...deposits: constraints from the Rio Tinto ore deposit (Spain). Miner Depos 33:137–149 Neiva AMR (1996) Geochemistry
	*Neukirchen, Florian, Ries, Gunnar (2020) The World of Mineral Deposits. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34346-0*	Book
	Arsenic (As) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.12 Bismuth (Bi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.13 Uranium...Fig. 1.8 Honey-colored sphalerite from Santander (Spain) (photo © F. Neukirchen/Mineralogical Collections...tailings pond at the Los Frailes Mine in Aznalcóllar (Spain). Even more catastrophic was the dam burst...known to Introduction Fig. 1.42 The Río Tinto (Spain) is strongly acidic (pH at about 2) and contains...course can light elements. It is believed that bismuth, thorium, uranium, and so on were all formed as
	Dill, Harald G. (2010) The “chessboard” classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology from aluminum to zirconium. Earth-Science Reviews, 100 (1) 1-420 doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.011	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...mineralogy of bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2. Deposits of bismuth . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3. Final use of bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...composition Line Biotite Birnessite Bischoﬁte Bismite Bismuth native Bismuthinite Bixbyite Blödite Boehmite Boracite...Russia, Dognacea, Romania, Cala-Sierra Morena, Spain, San Leone, Italy and Dirrigi, Turkey (syenite and
	Dill, Harald G. (2010) The “chessboard” classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology from aluminum to zirconium. Earth-Science Reviews, 100 (1) 1-420 doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.011	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...mineralogy of bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2. Deposits of bismuth . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3. Final use of bismuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...composition Line Biotite Birnessite Bischoﬁte Bismite Bismuth native Bismuthinite Bixbyite Blödite Boehmite Boracite...Russia, Dognacea, Romania, Cala-Sierra Morena, Spain, San Leone, Italy and Dirrigi, Turkey (syenite and
	*(2017) Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Professional Paper* 1802. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp1802**	Report (issue)
	0 mercury 200.5 thallium 204.4 lead 207.2 bismuth 209.0 polonium (209) astatine (210) radon (222)...carbonate-hosted mineral district in north-central Spain...................................................graphite, 66 percent; fluorspar, 59 percent; and bismuth, 56 percent (U.S. Geological Survey, 2016). As...0 mercury 200.5 thallium 204.4 lead 207.2 bismuth 209.0 polonium (209) astatine (210) radon (222)...0 mercury 200.5 thallium 204.4 lead 207.2 bismuth 209.0 polonium (209) astatine (210) radon (222)
	*Foley, Nora K., Jaskula, Brian W., Kimball, Bryn E., Schulte, Ruth F. (2017) Gallium. Professional Paper* Vol. 1802 (1802h) US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp1802h**	Report (issue)
	0 mercury 200.5 thallium 204.4 lead 207.2 bismuth 209.0 polonium (209) astatine (210) radon (222)...McDermott, R.K., and Sibley, J.M., 2000, The Aznalcóllar tailings dam accident—A case study: Mineral Resources

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Bismuth from Aznalcóllar, Seville, Andalusia, Spain

Bismuth from
Aznalcóllar, Seville, Andalusia, Spain