Connecticut, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Connecticut | State |
| USA | Country |
This page kindly sponsored by Harold Moritz
Area:
14,357 km2
Neighbouring regions:
Type:
Largest Settlements:
| Place | Population |
|---|---|
| Bridgeport | 147,629 (2017) |
| New Haven | 130,322 (2017) |
| Stamford | 128,874 (2017) |
| Hartford | 124,006 (2017) |
| North Stamford | 121,230 (2017) |
| Waterbury | 108,802 (2017) |
Museums in region:
Mindat Locality ID:
15903
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:15903:5
GUID (UUID V4):
22b89168-4566-46a9-b7d2-b8f6c9469022
Other Languages:
French:
Connecticut, États-Unis
German:
Connecticut, Vereinigte Staaten
Italian:
Connecticut, Stati Uniti d'America
Russian:
Коннектикут, Соединённые Штаты Америки
Simplified Chinese:
康乃狄克州, 美国
Spanish:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos
Afrikaans:
Connecticut, Verenigde State van Amerika
Albanian:
Connecticut, Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës
Amharic:
ኮነቲከት, አሜሪካ
Anglo-Saxon:
Connecticut, Geānedu Rīcu American
Arabic:
كونيتيكت, الولايات المتحدة
Aragonese:
Connecticut
Armenian:
Կոնեկտիկուտ, Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ
Asturian:
Connecticut, Estaos Xuníos d'América
Aymara:
Connecticut suyu, Istadus Unidus
Azeri:
Konnektikut, Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatları
Basque:
Connecticut
Bavarian:
Connecticut, Vaoanigte Stootn
Belarusian:
Канектыкут, Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі
Belarusian (Tarashkevitsa):
Канэктыкут, Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі
Bengali:
কানেটিকাট, মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র
Bishnupriya Manipuri:
কানেকটিকাট, তিলপারাষ্ট্র
Bislama:
Connecticut, Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika
Bosnian:
Connecticut, Sjedinjene Američke Države
Breton:
Connecticut, Stadoù-Unanet Amerika
Bulgarian:
Кънектикът, Съединени американски щати
Burmese:
ကွန်နက်တီကတ်ပြည်နယ်, အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု
Catalan:
Connecticut, Estats Units d’Amèrica
Cebuano:
Connecticut
Central Bikol:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos
Chechen:
Коннектикут, Америкин Цхьаьнатоьхна Штаташ
Chuvash:
Коннектикут, Пĕрлешнĕ Штатсем
Cornish:
Connecticut, Statys Unys
Corsican:
Connecticut, Stati Uniti d'America
Croatian:
Connecticut, Sjedinjene Američke Države
Czech:
Connecticut, Spojené státy americké
Danish:
Connecticut, USA
Dutch:
Connecticut, Verenigde Staten
Dutch Low Saxon:
Connecticut, Verienigde Staoten van Amerika
Egyptian Arabic:
كونيتيكت, امريكا
Emilian-Romagnol:
Connecticut, Stat Unî
Esperanto:
Konektikuto
Estonian:
Connecticut, Ameerika Ühendriigid
Faroese:
Connecticut
Farsi/Persian:
کنتیکت, ایالات متحده آمریکا
Fiji Hindi:
Connecticut, United States
Finnish:
Connecticut, Yhdysvallat
Franco-Provençal:
Connecticut, Ètats-Unis
Gagauz:
Connecticut, Amerika Birleşik Devletläri
Galician:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos de América
Georgian:
კონექტიკუტი, ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატები
Greek:
Κονέκτικατ, Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής
Guarani:
Connecticut, Tetãvore Joapykuéra
Haitian:
Konèktikòt, Etazini
Hakka:
Connecticut
Hausa:
Connecticut, Tarayyar Amurka
Hawaiian:
Konekikuka, ‘Amelika Hui Pū ‘ia
Hebrew:
קונטיקט, ארצות הברית
Hill Mari:
Коннектикут, Америкын Ушымы Штатвлӓжӹ
Hindi:
कनेक्टिकट, संयुक्त राज्य
Hungarian:
Connecticut, Amerikai Egyesült Államok
Icelandic:
Connecticut, Bandaríkin
Ido:
Connecticut, Usa
Igbo:
Kónétíkùt, Njikọ̀taọ̀hà
Iloko:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos iti Amerika
Indonesian:
Connecticut, Amerika Serikat
Interlingua:
Connecticut, Statos Unite de America
Irish Gaelic:
Connecticut, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá
Japanese:
コネチカット州, アメリカ合衆国
Javanese:
Connecticut, Amérika Sarékat
Judaeo-Spanish:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos de Amerika
Kabiye:
Kɔnɛtɩkuti, Etaazuunii
Kabyle:
Connecticut, Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt
Kalmyk:
Коннектикут, Америкин Ниицәтә Орн Нутугуд
Kannada:
ಕನೆಕ್ಟಿಕಟ್, ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ
Kapampangan:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos
Kazakh (Cyrillic Script):
Коннектикут, Америка Құрама Штаттары
Khmer:
ខុនណេកទីខាត់, សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក
Korean:
코네티컷주, 미국
Kurdish (Latin Script):
Connecticut, Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê
Latin:
Connecticuta, Civitates Foederatae Americae
Latvian:
Konektikuta, Amerikas Savienotās Valstis
Ligurian:
Connecticut, Stati Unïi d'America
Limburgian:
Connecticut, Vereinegde Staote vaan Amerika
Lithuanian:
Konektikutas, Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos
Lombard:
Connecticut, Stat Ünì d'America
Low Saxon/Low German:
Connecticut, USA
Luri:
کانتیکئت, ڤولاتچٱیا یٱکاگرتٱ آمریکا
Luxembourgish:
Connecticut, Vereenegt Staate vun Amerika
Macedonian:
Конектикат, Соединети Американски Држави
Maithili:
कनेक्टिकट, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
Malagasy:
Connecticut, Etazonia
Malay:
Connecticut, Amerika Syarikat
Malayalam:
കണെക്റ്റിക്കട്ട്
Manx:
Connecticut, Steatyn Unnaneysit America
Maori:
Connecticut, Hononga-o-Amerika
Marathi:
कनेक्टिकट, अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने
Mazanderani:
کنتیکت
Meadow Mari:
Коннектикут, Ушымо Американ Штат-влак
Min Dong Chinese:
Connecticut
Mingrelian:
კონექტიკუტი, ამერიკაშ აკოართაფილი შტატეფი
Mongolian:
Коннектикут, Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс
Nauruan:
Connecticut, Eben Merika
Nepali:
कनेक्टिकट, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
Newar / Nepal Bhasa:
कनेक्तिकत, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
Northern Frisian:
Connecticut, Feriind Stoote foon Ameerika
Northern Sami:
Connecticut, Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtat
Norwegian:
Connecticut, USA
Norwegian (Nynorsk):
Connecticut, USA
Occitan:
Connecticut, Estats Units d'America
Ossetian:
Коннектикут, Америкæйы Иугонд Штаттæ
Pali:
कनेक्टिकट, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
Pennsylvania German:
Connecticut, Amerikaa
Piedmontese:
Connecticut, Stat Unì d'América
Polish:
Connecticut, Stany Zjednoczone
Portuguese:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos
Punjabi:
ਕਨੈਟੀਕਟ, ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ
Quechua:
Connecticut suyu, Hukllachasqa Amirika Suyukuna
Romanian:
Connecticut, Statele Unite ale Americii
Romansh:
Connecticut, Stadis Unids
Russia Buriat:
Коннектикут
Samogitian:
Konektėkots, JAV
Sanskrit:
कनेक्टिकट्, अमेरिकासंयुक्तराज्यम्
Sardinian:
Connecticut, Istados Unidos de Amèrica
Saterland Frisian:
Connecticut, Fereende Stoaten fon Amerikoa
Scots:
Connecticut
Scottish Gaelic:
Connecticut, Na Stàitean Aonaichte
Serbian:
Конектикат, Сједињене Америчке Државе
Serbo-Croatian:
Connecticut, Sjedinjene Američke Države
Sicilian:
Connecticut, Stati Uniti
Silesian:
Connecticut, Zjednoczůne Sztaty
Slovak:
Connecticut, Spojené štáty
Slovenian:
Connecticut, Združene države Amerike
South Azerbaijani:
کانتیکت ایالتی, آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری
Swahili:
Connecticut, Marekani
Swedish:
Connecticut, USA
Tagalog:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos
Tamil:
கனெடிகட், அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடு
Tatar:
Коннектикут, Америка Кушма Штатлары
Telugu:
కనెక్టికట్, అమెరికా సంయుక్త రాష్ట్రాలు
Thai:
รัฐคอนเนตทิคัต, ประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกา
Traditional Chinese:
康湼狄格州, 美國
Turkish:
Connecticut, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
Ukrainian:
Коннектикут, Сполучені Штати Америки
Upper Sorbian:
Connecticut, Zjednoćene staty Ameriki
Urdu:
کنیکٹیکٹ, ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا
Uyghur:
Konnéktikat Shitati, ئامېرىكا قوشما شىتاتلىرى
Uzbek (Latin Script):
Konnektikut, Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari
Vietnamese:
Connecticut, Chủng Quốc Hoa Kỳ
Volapük:
Connecticut, Lamerikän
Waray:
Connecticut, Estados Unidos
Welsh:
Connecticut, Unol Daleithiau America
West Frisian:
Konettikut, Feriene Steaten
Western Punjabi:
کنکٹیکٹ, امریکہ
Wu Chinese:
康涅狄格, 美国
Xhosa:
IKhonethikhati, IYunayithedi Steyitsi
Yakut:
Коннектикут, Америка Холбоһуктаах Штааттара
Yiddish:
קאנעטיקעט, פאראייניקטע שטאטן פון אמעריקע
Yoruba:
Connecticut
Zazaki:
Connecticut, Dewletê Amerikayê Yewbiyayey
Zeelandic:
Connecticut, Vereênigde Staeten
Zulu:
Connecticut, IMelika
Hierarchy:
Connecticut is politically divided into 8 counties - Fairfield, Hartford, Litchfield, Middlesex, New Haven, New London, Tolland, and Windham. Below the county level, the entire state is divided into 169 incorporated towns and cities, there is no unincorporated land. Typically within the boundaries of an incorporated town or city is a population center with the same name as the incorporated one, such as the town and village of East Haddam. There are also other named population centers within incorporated towns/cities that are sometimes more populated than the village with the incorporated town name, such as Falls Village in the town of Canaan, or Willimantic in the town of Windham. A few of these have established boundaries. Villages and other geographic places within an incorporated town/city typically serve as a more precise reference to a mineral locality. But in some cases there is a village with the same name as a different incorporated town. For example, the village of Canaan is in the incorporated town of North Canaan not the incorporated town of Canaan. Both of these towns include many mineral localities that if just referred to as Canaan would cause confusion.
All Connecticut localities listed in mindat.org should include:
- the name(s) of the locality
- (optional) the closest city or village or other place name (if relevant or different from the incorporated town/city) (USGS maps are a good reference)
- the name of the incorporated town/city (1 of 169)
- the county name
Geology:
Connecticut has a long and complex geologic history that resulted in the presence of many types of sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic and hydrothermal rocks. There are three primary bedrock geologic regions that are part of the continental scale Appalachian Orogen:
1) Metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Western Uplands.
2) Sedimentary and igneous rocks of the Central Lowlands (the Hartford Mesozoic Basin of the Newark Terrane).
3) Metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Eastern Uplands.
Within the Western Uplands the metamorphic rocks occur in three major tectonic terranes:
1) Mesoproterozoic massifs (mostly ortho and paragneisses, migmatites and amphibolites) with Neoproterozoic and Cambro-Ordovician quartzite, gneiss, schist and marble shelf sequences (Laurentian continental margin deposits), including the goethite iron ore deposits. These are exposed in westernmost Connecticut and in the core of the Waterbury Dome.
2) Allochthonous Taconian (Hoosic, Manhattan and Canaan Mountain) schist and amphibolite - (Neoproterozoic and Cambrian continental slope deposits), exposed also in westernmost Connecticut.
3) Allochthonous Connecticut Valley Synclinorium and Milford-Orange Terranes (oceanic terranes consisting mostly of Cambrian to Silurian schist and granofels, and intruded by gneissic syntectonic plutons). Parts of these terranes are unconformably capped by Devonian/early Silurian The Straits Schist and Wepawaug Schist. This belt lies in the eastern and southern parts of the Western Uplands.
The Mesoproterozoic massifs underwent metamorphism during the Ottowan phase (approx. 1.05 Ga) of the Grenville Orogeny. These rocks, their Neoproterozoic to Ordovician cover, and the terranes to their east also were deformed by the Taconian and Acadian Orogenies.
Within the Western Uplands there are also a few large post-tectonic plutons such as the very late Devonian Nonnewaug Granite (and associated pegmatites) and Permian Pinewood Adamellite; numerous small Devonian pegmatites; and the Mesozoic Pomperaug Basin with similar sedimentary and igneous rocks as the much larger Mesozoic Hartford Basin.
The Mesozoic Hartford Basin, part of the Newark Terrane of rift basins formed during the Triassic-Jurassic breakup of Pangaea, underlies the Central Lowlands of Connecticut. It is a continental graben filled with 8-10 km of clastics - arkosic conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones with minor carbonate and petroleum-rich lacustrian shales - three basalt lava flows (including the much-quarried Jurassic Holyoke Basalt), and numerous diabase plutons (principally the Jurassic West Rock Diabase) that also extent into the adjacent uplands.
Within the Eastern Uplands the metamorphic rocks occur in six major tectonic terranes:
1) The Bronson Hill Anticlinorium, which consists of metamorphosed felsic plutons and volcanics of an Ordovician island arc. Part of this terrane is unconformably capped by Devonian/Silurian Bolton Group meta-sediments. This terrane underlies the western part of the Eastern Highlands.
2, 3) Allochthonous Merrimack and Central Maine Terranes (oceanic terranes consisting mostly of Ordovician to Devonian schist, siliceous and calc-silicate gneiss and granofels, and intruded by gneissic syntectonic plutons). These terranes are exposed in the central part of the Eastern Uplands.
4) Putnam-Nashoba island arc terrane consisting mostly of Ordovician orthogneisses and exposed in far eastern Connecticut and in the Willimantic Dome.
5, 6) Avalon and Gander (Stony Creek, Clinton and Lyme Domes) continental terranes consisting of Neoproterozoic gray ortho and paragneisses, quartzite, meta-granites and alaskite. The Gander Lyme Dome also includes Permian alaskite gneiss. These terranes are intruded by numerous small, post-tectonic plutons of Permian Westerly (or Narragansett Pier) granite and pegmatite. These terranes crop out along the southeastern and eastern edges of the state, and in the Willimantic Dome.
Numerous small to large very early Permian pegmatites intrude the Eastern Uplands terranes, particularly in the area east of Middletown known as the Middletown Pegmatite District.
Ductile faulting on a continental scale has greatly affected the metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Western and Eastern Uplands. Barrovian metamorphism extends from low grade (Chlorite Zone) to high grade (Sillimanite Zone), there is very little contact metamorphism (mostly around the Litchfield Norite) though there is retrograde metamorphism in many areas. Despite the extensive tectonic history, there are only a few remnants of lower oceanic igneous crust; serpentinized fragments of these are found mainly in the Satan's Kingdom area and Orange-Milford Belt.
Brittle faulting associated with the Triassic-Jurassic breakup of Pangaea affected all of Connecticut. Numerous, regional faults are mapped in the Eastern and Western Uplands and, of course, within, bordering and cross-cutting the Hartford and Pomperaug Mesozoic Basins, which formed during this time. Intense brittle faulting is particularly well exposed in the New Britain-Newington area where faults are present every few meters. Many faults and even fractures are mineralized due to hydrothermal activity, the most prominent example being the Lantern Hill quartz lode in North Stonington.
Although late Cretaceous and Tertiary transgressive sediments of the Coastal Plains of eastern North America did cover part of Connecticut, erosion has removed them. Pleistocene glaciation affected the state and deposited extensive till, deltaic sands and gravels, and lacustrian silts and clays.
Mineralogy:
Due to its long and complex geologic history, Connecticut boasts a large variety of mineral forming environments and thus a long list of mineral species. The presence of these deposits so close to major colleges and universities such as Yale, Harvard, Wesleyan, Amherst, and University of Connecticut provided specimens for study by early luminaries such as Archibald Bruce, Benjamin Silliman, Edward Dana, James Dana, George Brush, Wilbur Foye, and Charles Shepard and more recently David London. Mineral specimens from Connecticut are in the museum collections at Greenwich, Middletown, New Haven, and Kent, Connecticut; plus Cambridge and Amherst, Massachusetts; New York City; Washington, DC and beyond. It also created and continues to inspire a plethora of amateur collectors, mostly as hobbyists but also many who have made major contributions (through publications and collections) to the knowledge of the state's mines and minerals, such as Ronald Januzzi, Richard Schooner, Neal Yedlin, Charles and Marcelle Weber, Bill Shelton, John (Jack) Pawloski, Bruce Jarnot, John Hiller, Earle Sullivan, Ed Force, Bob Jones and many others.
The minerals of Connecticut can best be generally categorized by their host rock types and environments listed below.
Igneous Rock Minerals:
- Rock forming minerals in large plutons - albite, microcline/orthoclase, quartz, biotite series, muscovite, dark amphiboles, dark pyroxenes.
- Accessory minerals in large plutons - almandine, fluorapatite, titanite, zircon, rutile, allanite, monazite, schorl, pyrite.
- Rock forming minerals in basalt and diabase - anorthite, augite, pigeonite, olivine.
- Pegmatite minerals - albite (including cleavelandite), microcline, quartz, muscovite, annite, almandine, tourmalines, beryl, fluorapatite, columbite-tantalite, samarskite, uraninite (and secondaries), monazite, zircon, montebrasite, lepidolite, spodumene (and alterations), lithiophilite-triphyllite (and alterations), microlite, cookeite, topaz, opal-AN, pollucite, calcite, fluorite, sulfides, numerous other secondary and rare minerals.
Metamorphic Rock Minerals:
- Rock forming minerals in siliceous schist, gneiss, and amphibolite - albite, quartz, muscovite, biotite series, chlorite series, microcline, dark amphiboles, dark pyroxenes.
- Accessory minerals in siliceous schist, gneiss, and amphibolite - chlorite group, almandine, kyanite, sillimanite, andalusite, ilmenite, fluorapatite, staurolite, cordierite, graphite, rutile, goethite, schorl, titanite, corundum, magnetite, monazite, epidote/clinozoisite, scheelite, ferberite, sulfides.
- Rock forming minerals in marble and calc-silicate rocks - calcite, dolomite, diopside, tremolite, grossular, scapolite series, albite, phlogopite.
- Accessory minerals in marble and calc-silicate rocks - dravite-uvite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, graphite, norbergite-chondrodite, titanite, spinel/magnetite, fluorapatite, corundum, quartz, chlorite series, talc, serpentine group, wollastonite, vesuvianite, epidote/clinozoisite/zoisite, microcline, axinite, forsterite, danburite.
- Minerals in serpentinites - serpentine (antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile), talc, pyrophyllite, chlorite series, calcite, tremolite, diopside, epidote/clinozoisite, magnetite, chromite, sulfides (including secondaries).
Sedimentary Rock Minerals:
Mostly clastics consisting of fragments of quartz, feldspars and other rock types, typically cemented by albite with a small amount of hematite, chlorites, and zeolites. The bituminous lacustrian shales include pyrite and nodules of magnesite and there are rare tufa deposits composed of calcite.
Hydrothermal Minerals:
- Minerals in gas vesicles in basalt and diabase - calcite, quartz/chalcedony/agate, datolite, prehnite, pectolite, apophyllite, pumpellyite, julgoldite, babingtonite, adularia, gypsum, anhydrite, celestine, goethite, hematite, sulfides, zeolites (stilbite, heulandite, natrolite, analcime, laumontite, gmelinite, chabazite, mordenite).
- Minerals in faults and fractures - quartz, calcite, dolomite, fluorite, barite, aragonite, siderite, sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, chalcocite, bornite) and secondaries, topaz, muscovite, prehnite, pectolite, goethite, hematite, zeolites.
Mining and Quarrying:
All of the above rock types and mineral deposits have been exploited by over 1000 open quarries, underground mines, and prospects, studied by geologists and mineralogists, and combed over by collectors. Although Native Americans are known to have worked quartz, talc and serpentinite deposits, the arrival of Europeans and Africans beginning in the early 17th century saw greatly increasing demand for geologic resources.
Besides rock quarrying all over the state for construction purposes, marble deposits were worked for quicklime, particularly in the marble belt in the western part of the Western Uplands. This resource is still in great demand for a variety of purposes and was also mined during WWII for dolomite (magnesium) for aircraft production and the Manhattan Project. Marble quarries are still active in Canaan and North Canaan.
"Granite", mostly actually metamorphosed plutons or meta-volcanic gneisses but also including true Westerly (or Narragansett Pier) granite, was in great demand for construction of expanding towns and cities, and for fortifications starting in the early 19th century, until largely replaced by concrete in the early 20th century. Granite quarrying still takes place in Stony Creek (Branford) and Roxbury.
To satisfy the huge demand for concrete, many quarries worked the diabase and basalt in both the Hartford and Pomperaug Basins for crushed stone. Others work massive gneissic rock in the uplands. Several very large quarries are still active in the Holyoke Basalt, particularly in Southbury/Woodbury, North Branford, Wallingford/Durham, Plainville, Meriden and East Granby. These quarries represent the major mining taking place in Connecticut today. The basalt quarries, and various construction sites that blasted open this rock, sometimes opened up fantastically mineralized gas vesicles and fractures.
"Brownstone", primarily an aeolian arkosic sandstone found in the Jurassic Portland Formation of the Hartford Basin, was heavily quarried for building stone until the early 20th century, particularly at Portland and Manchester. Minor brownstone quarrying took place in Portland from the early 1990s until 2012.
Quarrying and mining for minerals concentrated on four major resources: iron from goethite and siderite; feldspar and mica from pegmatites; garnet from metamorphic rocks; and baryte, quartz, and metal ores from hydrothermal veins. The majority of this activity was economically successful, except most of the mining of metal ores from hydrothermal veins. The tungsten mine in Trumbull worked accessory scheelite and ferberite in an amphibolite, but was also not successful. Nor was the cobalt-nickel mining near Great Hill in East Hampton that, like Trumbull, worked a stratigraphic deposit rather than a hydrothermal vein. Pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite grains in the Litchfield Norite is another non-hydrothermal metal deposit that saw failed attempts at profitable mining.
The goethite iron ores formed along an unconformity between the Stockbridge Marble and Walloomsac Schist. This stratigraphic horizon crops out in a belt largely in Salisbury where it was mined for iron in several places from the early 18th century until 1923. Known for its toughness, Salisbury iron was in great demand for cannon, chains, anchors, and railroad wheels. The Kent Mine worked geothite formed in the stratigraphically lower Cambrian Dalton Formation. Here, and at a location in Sharon where it was mined, part of the Dalton was weathered to kaolinite. Another 19th century iron mine operated on Mine Hill in Roxbury exploiting the siderite vein there, which is the largest in North America.
Microcline, muscovite and other minerals were quarried and mined from the numerous pegmatites from about 1825 until 1990. There are hundreds of pegmatite quarries, mostly in the Middletown District in the Eastern Uplands, but also scattered around the Western Uplands such as at Bethel, Ridgefield, Branchville, New Milford, and Woodbury. A burst of pegmatite mining activity took place during and after WWII when sheet mica was in great demand, and for uranium and beryllium for nuclear weapons and power. A by-product of this activity was the production of a plethora of rare and gem minerals that were used for scientific and lapidary purposes and that are still sought after by collectors. Connecticut pegmatites host 9 of the state's 15 type locality minerals or varieties as well as the first known columbite crystal. Some of the first radiometric dating of minerals used uraninite and samarskite from Branchville and Glastonbury. The Roebling quarry, Gillette quarry and Strickland pegmatite were major gem producers, particularly for colored tourmalines and beryl. Most pegmatite quarries closed after the federal subsidies for beryl and mica ended in the 1950s because the high grading of ore was largely done manually. But The Feldspar Corp. operated the state’s largest pegmatite quarries in the White Rock area of Middletown (plus the Hale and Gotta-Wannerstrom quarries in Portland) from about 1960 to 1990 using efficient flotation technology to separate the minerals from vast quantities of crushed ore.
Although not a pegmatite quarry, the quarry for the reservoir dam at East Morris worked an outlier of the Devonian Nonnewaug granite and intersected numerous, large miarolitic cavities in pegmatitic phases of the granite. The cavities produced great smoky quartz and microcline crystals with albite similar in quality and size to those from granite plutons in northern New Hampshire.
Almandine for abrasives was quarried from metamorphic rocks in several places, the most famous was in Roxbury where the host schist is largely altered to crumbly talc facilitating the separation of the dodecahedral porphyroblasts.
Finally, the hydrothermal veins so plentiful from the Triassic-Jurassic rifting of Pangaea were exploited for a variety of minerals, primarily quartz at the giant lode at Lantern Hill and other places. Many smaller faults, particularly those cross-cutting quartzite in the highlands, are brecciated with open spaces lined with fantastic quartz crystals, such as at West Stafford, Haddam, Moosup, and Avon. Amethyst occurs at the Canton Lead Mine in Canton. The hydrothermal veins were also worked mainly for copper and baryte during the 19th century. Baryte was successfully mined in Cheshire and copper mining was moderately successful at the Simsbury Mine (the first chartered copper mine in North America) in what is now East Granby, and at the Bristol Copper Mine, famous for its fantastic chalcocite and bornite crystals. There are many small holes and shafts dug by prospectors in search of silver, lead, copper, cobalt, nickel, and the elusive gold, none of which really panned out but now provide places for mineral collectors to ply their trade.
Coordinates are at the intersection of Interstates 91 and 691, state Routes 15 and 66, and East Main Street in Meriden very near the geographic center of the state.
References covering the state, or significant regions of it, are listed below.
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This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities365 valid minerals. 14 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 (FRL) - first recorded locality of unapproved mineral/variety/etc. 20 erroneous literature entries.
Rock Types Recorded
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Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Acanthite Formula: Ag2S Localities: |
| ⓘ Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 46 localities in this region. Habit: bladed Colour: dark green Description: Beautiful bladed crystals on massive actinolite from a locality near the "Stonehenge Inn". |
| ⓘ Aegirine Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6 Localities: Joshua Rock Quarry, Lyme, New London County, Connecticut, USA Goos Quarry, Waterford, New London County, Connecticut, USA State Route 9 and State Route 81 Interchange, Higganum, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA |
| ⓘ Aegirine-augite Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 Locality: Flatrock Quarry (Flat Rock Quarry; Crystal Mall), Waterford, New London County, Connecticut, USA Habit: anhedral to subhedral elongated prisms Colour: black to dark green Description: Reported by Dale and Gregory as aegirine in 1911, the mineral found here has since been redefined as aegirine-augite. |
| ⓘ ' Locality: Flatrock Quarry (Flat Rock Quarry; Crystal Mall), Waterford, New London County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: now equivalent to Davidite-(La) |
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Localities: Reported from at least 224 localities in this region. Habit: blocky, equant Colour: white to pale gray Fluorescence: lavender, magenta-pink Description: Besides a major constituent of the pegmatite, crystals in small pockets reach up to about 2 cm, often in dense clusters, also as overgrowth on microcline on cleavelandite and psuedomorphous after muscovite in the wall zone. |
| ⓘ Albite var. Andesine Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Localities: Reported from at least 21 localities in this region. Habit: tabular prisms Colour: white Fluorescence: reddish magenta to lavender Description: As irregular aggregates of small subhedral crystals, often in very aesthetic arrangements, and as veins 1/8 to ¼ inch wide and as much as 6 feet long. |
| ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] Localities: Reported from at least 22 localities in this region. Habit: anhedral but in large cleavable masses Colour: white to pale green Description: Gemmy and in large cleavable masses. |
| ⓘ Albite var. Peristerite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar' |
| ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Habit: elongated prisms Colour: black, very dark brown Description: Very sharp terminated crystals crystals, up to half an inch in diameter and five or six inches in length, accompany pink fluorite. Massive material also occurs, intergrown with quartz, bastnaesite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and white to greenish plagioclase (commonly stained brown). The allanite is not very radioactive and was identified by an x-ray diffraction test by Mary E. Mrose of the U. S. Geological Survey. She indicated that it gave an exceptionally clear pattern. It was obviously non-metamict, in keeping with its unaltered appearance and virtual lack of radioactivity. Note: Schooner misidentified these as staurolite in Zodac (1940). References: |
| ⓘ 'Allanite Group' Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Alleghanyite Formula: Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 Colour: reddish Description: Found by Dick Schooner. A segregation over a foot in diameter, it consisted mainly of reddish alleghanyite and pinkish kutnohorite, with accessories. Unfortunately, only a few specimens were saved. |
| ⓘ Allophane Formula: (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O Localities: Bristol Copper Mine, Bristol, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Jinny Hill Mine (Cheshire Barite Mine), Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA Copper Valley Mine (Bellamy's Mine; Munson's Mine), Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA References: |
| ⓘ Alluaudite ? Formula: (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 Habit: pseudomorph after triphylite? Description: From Januzzi (1994): "Alluaudite, collected and recently identified by the author as occurring at Branchville (confirmation by Kampf, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History), is evidently a pseudomorph after euhedral crystals of triphylite." Needs confirmation.
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| ⓘ Almandine Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reported from at least 123 localities in this region. Habit: dodecahedral Colour: maroon to purple, nearly black Fluorescence: none Description: Crystals can reach over 2.5 cm on an edge. Unpublished XRF analysis by Harold Moritz found 98% Fe of total Fe+Mn content. Hiller (1983) noted that some gem quality garnets will show 4-star rays if properly cut. |
| ⓘ 'Almandine-Pyrope Series var. Rhodolite' ? Formula: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Habit: Dodecahedral Colour: Red, purple Description: Color is not diagnostic for garnet species. Needs chemical analysis to confirm, pyrope is not confirmed in Connecticut and is unlikely because it is found mostly in Mg-rich deep crustal igneous rocks and as grains rather than crystals. These crystals are probably almandine, which is extremely common in schists, though they may have a significant Mg component. The term "rhodolite" refers originally a rose-red gem variety of pyrope. Current usage has extended the name to any pink garnet in the almandine-pyrope series with most of the occurrences in the almandine compositional field. References: |
| ⓘ 'Almandine-Spessartine Series' Localities: Great Hill Pond Brook pegmatite, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Arnold Quarry, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Waterbury Road quarry, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Morris Dam Quarry (East Morris Dam), Morris, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: trapezohedral Colour: dark maroon with black coating Description: Crystals to 4 inches. Referred to by Schooner as spessartine, but most likely impure almandine based on XRF analyses of many other district pegmatitic garnets. References: |
| ⓘ 'Alum Group' Formula: XAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O Localities: |
| ⓘ Formula: LiAl(PO4)F Localities: Description: Re-identified as montebrasite. References: |
| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite' Formula: AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Localities: Sky Ridge railroad cut, Hawleyville, Newtown, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA State Route 9 - Ellis Street and State Route 72 interchanges (State Route 72 roadcut), New Britain, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA US Route 6 Willimantic Bypass expressway road cuts, Coventry, Tolland County, Connecticut, USA Baldwin Quarry (Milford Quarry), Milford, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Habit: fibrous Colour: very pale green References: |
| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite' ? Formula: AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Description: Included in a list of minerals with no details. |
| ⓘ Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region. Habit: trapezohedra Colour: white Description: good though generally small (~1 cm or less) crystals associated with prehnite, natrolite, micro heulandite |
| ⓘ Anatase Formula: TiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region. Habit: bipyramidal Colour: metallic blue to yellow and green Description: "brilliant, metallic bluish, bipyramidal crystals and as bi-colored, glassy crystals exhibiting the same morphology (these crystals are blue to yellow, at times greenish in color), both deeply striated and occurring in alpine type seams" |
| ⓘ Andalusite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Localities: New Preston, Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Litchfield, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Naugatuck, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Unnamed quartz mine (Judd's Bridge kyanite locality), Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: elongated with square cross-sections Colour: gray-brown Description: Crystals in quartz to 6 cm. May be pseudomorphed by fine-grained mica/kyanite. |
| ⓘ Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Localities: Habit: modified rhombic dodecahedrons Colour: wine yellow Description: "The Mill Rock garnets have a wine-yellow color, and a brilliant luster. The material available was much too scanty to admit of any chemical examination, but in view of their similarity of form and color, they may safely be referred to the variety topazolite." (Dana, 1877). They are a couple of mm across or less, associated with quartz. |
| ✪ Andradite var. Melanite Formula: Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 Habit: rhombic dodecahedral, often in nearly parallel positions in rosettes Colour: dark-brown to jet-black, occasionally yellowish-brown Description: Rosettes reach to about 2 cm across. |
| ✪ Andradite var. Topazolite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Habit: modified rhombic dodecahedrons Colour: wine yellow Description: "The Mill Rock garnets have a wine-yellow color, and a brilliant luster. The material available was much too scanty to admit of any chemical examination, but in view of their similarity of form and color, they may safely be referred to the variety topazolite." (Dana, 1877). They are a couple of mm across or less, associated with quartz. |
| ⓘ Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Anhydrite Formula: CaSO4 Localities: Reported from at least 25 localities in this region. Habit: Cleavable masses, molds surrounded by later encrusting minerals Colour: white to pale blue Description: Extant crystals very rare in Conn. - nearly all were dissolved away and exist as platy to rectangular prismatic molds, but here there were "large pearly masses showing cleavage surfaces often 10 cm. or more broad. There is abundant evidence that anhydrite has been present in almost universal distribution, but it now remains undissolved only in the centers of the less pervious blocks of rock. Molds of anhydrite crystals varying from stout prisms to exceedingly thin sheets are abundant everywhere." Shannon (1920). |
| ⓘ Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 Locality: Becker Quarry (Becker's Quarry), West Willington, Willington, Tolland County, Connecticut, USA Habit: rhombohedral Description: Typical small rhombs <1 cm. Uncertain in the reference if the crystals are true ankerite under the revised definition, or ferroan dolomite, or how to distinguish them from the much more common magnesite. |
| ⓘ Annabergite Formula: Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O Locality: Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: coatings Colour: bright to pale green Description: waxy, pale to bright green coatings on ore-bearing host rocks, particularly around bronze nickeline grains. |
| ⓘ Annite Formula: KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 71 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Anorthite Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8) Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] Locality: Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA |
| ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] Localities: Description: The references provide no details, but anorthite is a component of the diabase dike exposed in the cut. |
| ⓘ Anthophyllite Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: prismatic Colour: dark green Description: As pure layers cm thick and as isolated to radial sprays of crystals to several cm long in a granular quartz-albite matrix. |
| ⓘ Antigorite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Habit: massive Colour: dark yellowish-green Description: Described by Dana as occurring at "Oldfield Rock" near Stratford Landing, an place name no longer used and now somewhere between the former Vought (AVCO) plant and the Marine Basin. The outcrop is long covered, but based on descriptions by Percival (1842), was similar to those in Milford, Orange (see http://www.mindat.org/loc-227940.html) and West Haven and represents serpentinized lower oceanic crust. |
| ⓘ Antimony ? Formula: Sb Habit: broad plates Description: Reference notes that the validity needs confirmation, but this was apparently either not done of found to be something else (ilmenite?). |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Localities: Reported from at least 22 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ 'Apophyllite Group' Formula: AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Habit: tabular, in spherical aggregates Colour: white to creamy Description: Aggregates of tabular crystals can reach 3 to 4 cm. This habit is characteristic for this locality, other area trap rock quarries have bipyramidal crystals. References: |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 34 localities in this region. Habit: flattened acicular prisms Colour: colorless to white Fluorescence: pale yellow-white under LW/MW/SW Description: Excellent acicular sprays of clear crystals in small cavities on very rusty/earthy goethite in the cores of fault veins, crystals usually micro to 1.5 cm or so. |
| ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) ? Formula: (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 Description: reported by Dick Schooner, no details in the reference. |
| ⓘ Arsenic ? Formula: As Localities: |
| ⓘ Arsenolite ? Formula: As2O3 Localities: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Arsenic and nickel mine (Nickel Mine Brook), Seymour, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) State Forest Quarry No. 2 (State Forest #2 Mica Mine; Carini Quarry), Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) State Farm Quarry (Road Metal Quarry), Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Habit: powder Colour: yellowish Description: Schooner (1955): "as yellowish powdery incrustations on decomposed arsenopyrite at the Strickland Quarry. One rather large mass of the unusual material was taken out of the pegmatite which adjoins the schist in the cut above the main pit. Pyrite is associated, in all the specimens." |
| ⓘ Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS Localities: Reported from at least 26 localities in this region. Habit: rectangular prisms Colour: gray Description: Usually as aggregates of < 1cm crystals embedded in yellowish matrix. References: |
| ⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite Formula: (Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS Locality: Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: massive, striated aggregates Description: The arsenopyrite is not the Co-Ni ore, earlier references to and analyses of "danaite" are probably from confusion with the loellingite ore veins. |
| ⓘ 'Asbestos' Localities: Wilton, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Pfizer Company Marble Quarry (New England Lime Co. quarry; NELCO quarry; Specialty Minerals Inc.; Minerals Technologies Inc.; Canaan Limestone Quarry; Connecticut Lime Company; Canaan Lime Company; Lewis Quarry), Canaan, North Canaan, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA New Preston, Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA |
| ⓘ 'Asbestos var. Mountain Leather' Habit: fibrous Colour: white Description: Fairly thick, white, matted fibers of amphibole or perhaps sepiolite. |
| ⓘ Atacamite Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl Habit: micro radiating clusters, aggregates, druses Colour: deep green, sky blue Description: Henderson (1967) reports: deep green crystals of quite variable habit up to 0.5 mm in size. The terminal planes of single crystals were generally bright, while faces in the prism zone were rounded and striated (Fig. 3). It also occurred as radiating groups and in irregular aggregates, sometimes with a single larger crystal perched on top. Druses of atacamite on vesicles were common. It was most frequently found close to or on cuprite, but occasionally appeared to be on malachite.
Identification was based on its solubility in dilute hydrochloric and nitric acids, a positive test for halogen, and negative tests for carbonate and sulfate. The atacamite showed parallel extinction and weak birefringence, the two together ruling our malachite, antlerite and brochantite. The mineral was distinguished from paratacamite by its crystal form.
On occasion, crystals corresponding to atacamite were found but with a sky blue color. These may well be pseudomorphs of rosasite after atacamite.
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| ⓘ Augelite Formula: Al2(PO4)(OH)3 Localities: Colour: gray Description: Specimens of metasomatically altered natromontebrasite, collected at the Strickland quarry around 1950 by Charles Thomas, consist of gray augelite crystals intergrown with pink brazilianite, pink hydroxylapatite, and yellow lacroixite. Very little such material was preserved, and most of it was consumed in study at the U.S. Geological Survey. Natromontebrasite was discredited in 2007, being a mixture of montebrasite, lacroixite, and wardite. |
| ⓘ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| ⓘ Aurichalcite Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Autunite Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O Localities: Reported from at least 27 localities in this region. Habit: tabular flakes, coatings Colour: pale yellow Fluorescence: bright green Description: Should be referred to as meta-autunite as all such material is dehydrated. Associated with uraninite and uranophane. |
| ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) Formula: Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH Localities: State Route 2 roadcut, Marlborough, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA State Route 9 rock cuts, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA State Routes 8 and 222 interchange, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: tabular, axe-head shaped Colour: lavender-brown Description: "Beautiful groups of tabular crystals, up to an inch across, were associated with prehnite and several other minerals in a small cavity in gneiss. The largest group was almost three inches long. Most of the crystals were colored green by inclusions of chlorite, but some were of a typical lavender-brown tint and quite gemmy. Pseudomorphs of chlorite after axinite were fairly abundant. This is the first reported occurrence of axinite in Connecticut." Schooner (1958)
"Groups of simple axe-shaped crystals, up to two inches across, were embedded in loose chlorite, with some admixed clay. The crystals were of two types: lavender-brown, glassy, and without inclusions, and greenish, opaque, and thoroughly impregnated with the chlorite. Some of the smaller examples of the latter kind were pseudomorphs of chlorite after axinite. In all cases, there seemed to be two generations of axinite crystals, differing in size but not in habit. One large crystal had a number of smaller ones clustered on its surfaces." Schooner (1961) |
| ⓘ 'Axinite Group' ? Localities: Description: Included in a list copied from Schooner (1958) but with no supporting details. May have occurred in the calc-silicate vein found in the gneissic wall rock. |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Habit: Tabular to tapered groups Colour: Very dark blue Description: Mostly massive, found in massive quartz with massive chalcocite, malachite, fluorite. |
| ⓘ Babingtonite Formula: Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Habit: blocky to wedge-shaped Colour: black Description: Crystals to a little over 1 cm, surfaces are mix of smooth and lustrous to rough textures. Commonly associated with prehnite, calcite and quartz. References: |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Localities: Reported from at least 38 localities in this region. Description: Mostly massive to subhedral material, but good euhedral crystals can reach 1 dm and subparallel clusters can reach a meter. Large crystals tend to have transparent sections, smaller crystals translucent to opaque. Associated with drusy quartz, small isolated botryoidal malachite blebs or acicular sprays, rarer with blebs of copper sulfides, all on pinkish-red arkosic sandstone to conglomerate matrix. A partial, reddish coating may be present on many crystals. References: |
| ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(CO3)F Habit: thin, irregular plates Colour: brown, reddish-brown to yellowish-tan Description: Irregular thin plates, as much as two or three inches across and a half of an inch thick, are intimately associated with massive allanite, white to greenish plagioclase, pink to purple fluorite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Some may be altered to gray lanthanite? |
| ⓘ Bavenite Formula: Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 Localities: State Route 9 Interchange 13 - Beaver Meadow Road, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Slocum prospect, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: blades, needles, platey, massive, in hemispherical and 2-D radiating aggregates Colour: white to pale green Description: probably the best material for the species in Connecticut. References: |
| ⓘ Bazzite Formula: Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| ✪ Becquerelite Formula: Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O Locality: Rock Landing Quarry (Capt. Rohrback Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: pseudomorphs after uraninite Colour: yellow Description: "A soft yellow pseudomorph after a uraninite crystal was X-rayed, and proved to be becquerelite." Schooner (circa 1980s). |
| ⓘ Bementite ? Formula: Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 Localities: Jail Hill Road locality (Jail Hill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Scoville Mine, Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Description: Reported by Dick Schooner, reference gives no details. |
| ⓘ Beraunite ? Formula: Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O Localities: Habit: stains and encrustations Colour: dark green Description: Very poorly crystallized in fracture fillings. |
| ⓘ Bertrandite Formula: Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 30 localities in this region. Habit: multiple forms, from simple to complex and as various twins. Usually flattened, elongated, or blocky. Colour: colorless Description: Micro-crystals and aggregates in voids left by dissolved beryl crystals. Also part of a suite of micro-minerals pseudomorphing beryl crystals. |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Localities: Reported from at least 111 localities in this region. Habit: elongated hexagonal prisms, terminated with pinacoids and partial pyramids {11bar21} Colour: yellow, peach, pale green, pink overgrowths on pale green cores, aqua, colorless Fluorescence: blue-white Description: Crystals to 2 feet (60 cm) across have been found. Most typical are colorless to pale green or pink overgrowths on pale green cored ("reverse watermelon") crystals, usually less than 15 cm long. Commonly frozen in quartz and associated with fluorapatite, cleavelandite, elbaite. Pocket crystals rare. |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine Formula: Be3Al2Si6O18 Localities: Reported from at least 19 localities in this region. Habit: hexagonal prisms Colour: pale blue Description: Subordinate in quantity to the typical pale green and pink beryl, but gem quality crystals were found and cut. Some highly etched crystals also exist. References: |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Habit: hexagonal prisms Colour: colorless Description: a gem quality flattened crystal 8 cm in diameter retained by Brack family. References: |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Habit: elongated prisms with partial or complete pyramidal terminations Colour: yellow Description: "Beryl occurs in the pegmatite in yellow (“golden”), green, and blue euhedral crystals. In the border zone they range in size from 1/32 to 1/34 inch in diameter and from 1/2 inch to 2 1/2 inches long. Crystals as much as 8 inches in length and 1 inch in diameter occur in the core-margin zone." Cameron et al (1954): USGS Prof Paper 255;
"many crystals of golden beryl, sharp in form and of the finest gem quality. Indeed, this is one of the principal heliodor sources in North America. The Little collection, at Harvard University, contains some exceptionally fine clear golden crystals; they were obtained from masses of quartz, many years ago. Similar crystals are in various museums and private collections. Of late, several magnificent specimens of a different type have been recovered. Those are deeply etched, frosty-looking, greenish-golden gem crystals, from cavities along a fault (?) which runs through the lower end of the quarry. The Gallant collection includes a superb crystal, with round¬ed diamond-shaped etch-pits on virtually every surface. It is over two inches long." Schooner (1961). |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. Habit: elongated hexagonal prisms, terminated with pinacoids and partial pyramids {11bar21} Colour: pink, commonly with green cores Description: Beryl crystals to 2 feet (60 cm) across have been found. Crystals usually less than 15 cm long. Color zoning in large crystals typically consists of colorless to rose externally, with pale green cores. Commonly frozen in quartz and associated with fluorapatite, cleavelandite, elbaite. Some pocket gem material. |
| ⓘ Beyerite ? Formula: Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 Description: Reference includes a list of minerals reportedly found by Dick Schooner in a pegmatite in East Hampton, but with no supporting details. |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 Localities: Reported from at least 60 localities in this region. Habit: tabular Colour: black Description: Mostly as a component of the host metagabbro, but also as euhedral crystals in the open veins to about 1 cm. |
| ⓘ Birnessite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O Habit: encrustation Colour: black Description: "This is one of the manganese oxides identified as a component of the soft black alteration crusts on tephroite, etc." |
| ⓘ Bismite Formula: Bi2O3 Localities: Booth's Mine (Booth's Bismuth Mine; Booth-Hurd's Bismuth Mine), Monroe, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Slocum prospect, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Case Quarries, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Lane's Mine (Lane's Lead and Silver Mine; Elm Street), Monroe, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) |
| ⓘ Bismuth Formula: Bi Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: plates, or small lamellar masses Description: "disseminated in a vein of quartz, in brilliant plates, or small lamellar masses, seldom more than an inch in diameter" Robinson (1825) |
| ⓘ Bismuthinite Formula: Bi2S3 Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 Localities: Reported from at least 21 localities in this region. Description: Good quality specimens were reported by Dick Schooner in Betts (1999). References: |
| ⓘ Bismutoferrite Formula: Fe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH) Habit: massive coatings Colour: green Description: Associated with bismuthinite and pyrite with secondary bismite, bismutite (some or all may in fact be bismutoferrite) and goethite staining pegmatite matrix. |
| ⓘ Bismutotantalite Formula: Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 Locality: Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: anhedral Colour: gray exterior, brown interior Description: Very small grains to a couple of mm in matrix of albite, muscovite, quartz, elbaite. Analyzed in 2017 by Peter Cristofono and Tom Mortimer. |
| ⓘ Bityite Formula: CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: hexagonal Colour: white Description: Schooner (circa 1985) says: "When the Strickland quarry was last active, the author found a boulder of cleavelandite with a small vug of aggregated lustrous white hexagonal-looking crystals with calcite and a trace of lepidolite. It was many years before the mineral was recognized as being a mica! Its unusual X-ray pattern aroused some curiosity, and it was forwarded to Pete J. Dunn at the Smithsonian. He identified it as bityite, and made an analysis by electron microprobe." |
| ⓘ 'Bloodstone' Formula: SiO2 Colour: shades of red Description: Found as loose rocks in glacial till. |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Localities: Reported from at least 21 localities in this region. Habit: typically dodecahedral, less commonly in cubes showing slight modifications. Most crystals are slightly to severely rounded. Colour: dull black, with blue patina Description: Most bornite from Bristol is massive vein material in layers and stringers throughout the vein system, and as rounded blebs in white calcite or on quartz matrix. Crystals rare and specimens not as prevalent as chalcocite. |
| ⓘ Brazilianite Formula: NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 Localities: Colour: pink Description: Schooner (circa 1985) says: "A few masses of Strickland quarry natromontebrasite, from the pollucite zone in the middle eastern wall, halfway down, are composed of intergrown metasomatic or hydrothermal alterations. Pink brazilianite, containing a trace of Mn (analysis by the USGS), is associated with augelite, lacroixite, and hydroxylapatite. This mineral was collected by Charles Thomas, and studied by Mary E. Mrose. Ronald E. Januzzi had earlier collected material, on the old dumps, in which the brazilianite occurs as confused white aggregates, with hydroxylapatite and possibly morinite." Natromontebrasite was discredited in 2007, being a mixture of montebrasite, lacroixite, and wardite. |
| ⓘ Breithauptite ? Formula: NiSb Localities: Description: No details in reference, all others cite this one. References: |
| ⓘ 'Brewsterite Subgroup' ? Localities: Description: "as microscopic monoclinic crystals, and as white fibers in a cavity in pyroxene...verified by x-ray diffraction analysis" Pawloski (1965). But questioned by Tschernich (1992). |
| ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ Brookite Formula: TiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Description: micros in schist References: |
| ⓘ Brucite ? Formula: Mg(OH)2 Colour: whitish green Description: "Amianthus is sometimes nearly as fine as that of Corsica." (Robinson 1825). Uncertain if he was referring to brucite or byssolite. |
| ⓘ Bustamite Formula: CaMn2+(Si2O6) Habit: cleavable masses Colour: light pink Description: When the author discovered a large lens of spessartine at the Jail Hill quarry, in the 1950s, a few good specimens of pink "rhodonite" were collected. Two different shades were associated differently, one with spessartine and calcite (or dolomite), the other with tephroite and pyrophanite. X-ray and spectrographic tests have shown the lighter pink mineral to be bustamite, and the darker one pyroxmangite. In some cases, bustamite is intimately intergrown with johannsenite (probably an exsolution product). |
| ⓘ 'Calamine' |
| ⓘ 'Calciomicrolite' Localities: White Rocks Quarry (Consolidated Quarry), White Rock Mining District, Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Riverside Quarry (Western Quarry), White Rock Mining District, Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: octahedral with modifications by other isometric forms Colour: dark yellow-green, brown, black Description: Mostly as microcrystals to a few mm. EDS analysis of one crystals shows it to be calciomicrolite. References: |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 156 localities in this region. Habit: scalenohedral, rhombohedral to pseudo-cubic Colour: colorless, white, pale yellow Fluorescence: orange-red to pink Description: Very common in a variety of forms, crystals can reach several cm. Late forming ones perched on prehnite are most prized. Also as thick (to 1 meter or so) fault filling by bands of opaque parallel crystals with phantoms and coatings of hematite. |
| ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite Formula: (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende' |
| ⓘ Carnotite Formula: K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ Caryopilite Formula: Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 Description: This was identified (at the University of Michigan) as a very minor component of "ore" from the manganese pod at the Jail Hill quarry in Haddam. |
| ⓘ Cassiterite Formula: SnO2 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Colour: dark brownish black Description: good crystals to 1 cm, can be highly modified, lustrous, microcrystals in cleavelandite |
| ⓘ Celadonite Formula: K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Celestine Formula: SrSO4 Localities: Habit: tabular Colour: colorless to very pale blue Description: Crystals typically small, <1.5 cm. References: |
| ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa) ? Formula: (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 Description: Reference includes a list of minerals reportedly found by Dick Schooner in a pegmatite in East Hampton, but with no supporting details. |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Description: micros occur in cavities in cleavelandite associated with altered bismuthinite, pyromorphite and wulfenite References: |
| ⓘ 'Chabazite' Localities: Reported from at least 23 localities in this region. Description: good microcrystals can be found together with other zeolites |
| ⓘ 'Chabazite var. Phacolite' |
| ⓘ Chabazite-Ca Formula: (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. Habit: rhombhedral Colour: pale orange Description: Confirmed in 2018 via SEM-EDS analyses. |
| ⓘ Chalcanthite Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O Localities: |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Habit: Orthorhombic crystals, many showing twinning. Some are heavily striated, often show a pseudohexagonal symmetry, and discoidal pseudohexagonal crystals are common. Tabular crystals also occur in abundance. Twinned crystals may be pseudohexagonal, or may b Colour: metallic bluish-black Description: Tabular to elongated, usually singly or multiply twinned crystals with a bluish, lustrous metallic luster when fresh, up to 2 or 3 cm long. Usually associated with scalenohedral calcite and/or milky quartz. Crystals gradually gain a black charcoal coating that is easily cleaned by placing them in an agitated alconox solution, which does not harm the crystals or associated minerals. |
| ⓘ 'Chalcodite' Formula: K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 102 localities in this region. Habit: tetrahedral Colour: Brassy yellow to rainbow iridescence Description: Typically massive and iridescent, rarely as crystals up to 2 cm or as "blister" habit. |
| ✪ Chalcopyrite var. Blister Copper Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Localities: Reported from at least 71 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ 'Chlorophyllite' Localities: Habit: prismatic Colour: silvery gray-green Description: Micaceous alteration of cordierite, the latter crystals up to 8 cm across but typically fragmented into sections along a relict basal cleavage. May not be from this town specifically as the geology is not quite right, noted mainly from Haddam or eastern Litchfield - which is close to Thomaston, which was once part of Plymouth. |
| ⓘ Chondrodite Formula: Mg5(SiO4)2F2 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Description: Included in a list of minerals with no supporting information or specific localities, but it is a common accessory in area marble. |
| ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Chrysoberyl Formula: BeAl2O4 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Habit: Typically flat, striated, cyclic twins, sometimes fully 6-sided. Colour: yellow-green, pale green Description: First locality where it was found in-situ. Intensely studied in the 19th century - crystal drawings are in Dana's System of Mineralogy and Goldschmidt's Atlas der Krystallformen. Shepard (1837) writes: "occurs in large distinct crystals, simple and compound (see fig. 136 of my Mineralogy) as well as massive". Crystals reached up to about 7.5 cm across, typically translucent but not gemmy. |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 Localities: Reported from at least 19 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ 'Chrysoprase' Colour: apple green Description: Found as loose rocks in glacial till. |
| ⓘ Chrysotile Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Churchite-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) · 2H2O Habit: colloform with concentric layers Colour: pale yellow-white Description: Thin colloform crust on goethite with an associated opal-AN-like layer. In Januzzi (1994) the discoverer states, "Recent examination, by way of x-ray and semi-quantitative analysis uncovered a new species for the Scoville Ore Bed in Salisbury, Connecticut; the mineral churchite, a relatively inconspicuous species and confused (no doubt often) with rhabdophane and probably more common than realized. Florencite should be looked for when churchite occurs in a deposit of this type. A hyalite-like mineral evidently forming before churchite lies just beneath it (the specimen is in the author’s collection)-this species is very possibly evansite." |
| ⓘ Claudetite ? Formula: As2O3 Description: According to an unconfirmed report by Schooner (circa 1980s), associated with arsenopyrite were "a few soft, transparent, gypsum-like plates" of claudetite. |
| ⓘ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Localities: Reported from at least 23 localities in this region. Habit: hemispherical aggregates of tabular crystals Colour: dark green to black References: |
| ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite ? Formula: (Mg,Fe,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 Colour: Deep green Description: Filling small cavities, this mineral may actually be pumpellyite, which is now known to be common in the local traprock, but there were few quarries in that rock in 1920. |
| ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite Formula: (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 Habit: fine anhedral grains Colour: dark green Description: Forms fine-grained masses at the contact between the quartz mass and the host schist. |
| ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Localities: |
| ⓘ Clinozoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region. Description: In the host metamorphic rocks. |
| ⓘ Clinozoisite var. Clinothulite Formula: {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Habit: granular Colour: pink Description: Granular material in quartz, with calc-silicate minerals in the amphibolite. Clinozoisite is much more common than zoisite and more likely a mineral to occur in this metamorphic terrain. |
| ⓘ Cobaltite Formula: CoAsS Localities: Description: Microcrystals. References: |
| ⓘ Coffinite Formula: U(SiO4) · nH2O |
| ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) Formula: Fe2+Nb2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 25 localities in this region. Habit: tabular to elongated prisms Colour: black with yellow, blue to purple iridescence Description: As small pocket crystals to large subhedral masses in the intermediate plagioclase-quartz mineralized zone. Schooner (1958): "innumerable specimens, including well developed crystals up to three or four inches across; heavy aggregates of parallel tabular crystals in cleavelandite were abundant when the locality was active in 1953." References: |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' Localities: Reported from at least 42 localities in this region. Habit: flat, elongated prisms or subhedral masses Colour: black, with iridescence Description: Good prismatic crystals formed in quartz, also hand-sized subhedral masses with striations from neighboring muscovite. Januzzi (1976) reports that a beryl crystal with a large columbite crystal projecting from it was donated to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. The ID is generic, at least one crystal was tested using Raman spectroscopy and the best match is tantalite-(Fe) (see entry). A crystal formerly in the Bill Shelton collection has a specific gravity of 6.7, making it clearly a columbite species. References: |
| ⓘ 'Columbite Group' Habit: tabular Colour: black with iridescence Description: Subhedral crystals in pegmatite matrix. |
| ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6 Localities: References: |
| ✪ 'Columbite-(Mn)-Tantalite-(Mn) Series' Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: rectangular prisms Colour: dark reddish to reddish brown Description: Columbite-tantalite crystals with reddish color and some translucency have been historically called tantalite-(Mn) without supporting analyses (even SG) but visually could equally be columbite-(Mn). Strong illumination is typically needed to see the color and translucency. Most are small (<1 cm) and embedded in matrix. |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite' Localities: State Routes 8 and 118 interchange, Harwinton, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Gotta-Walden Prospect, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Hollister prospects, South Glastonbury, Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Unnamed pegmatites, Durham, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Naugatuck, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA Description: "Incidentally, a magnificent columbite-tantalite crystal was also found in the pegmatite in 1974." Brunet (1978). |
| ⓘ Cookeite Formula: (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Habit: micro-globular aggregates, masses, pseudomorphs after spodumene Colour: pale yellow Description: Typically as tiny spheres of crystal aggregates with K-rich albite, micas, elbaite, quartz, calcite, pyrite, fluorite, and bertrandite in cleavelandite of the mineralized intermediate plagioclase-quartz zone. Rare pseudomorphs of spodumene. Schooner (1955) says: "solid masses of bright yellow fine-grained material. Some pieces were seen to be as much as 4 or 5 inches thick, the mineral having occurred as a lining in a long cavity or series of cavities." References: |
| ⓘ Copiapite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O Localities: Roxbury Iron Mine (Shepaug Iron Company Mine; Shepaug Spathic Iron and Steel Company Mine), Mine Hill (Ore Hill), Roxbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Thomaston Dam railroad cut, Thomaston Dam, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Rockside Quarry (Mine Hill Quarry), Mine Hill (Ore Hill), Roxbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Arsenic and nickel mine (Nickel Mine Brook), Seymour, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Sky Ridge railroad cut, Hawleyville, Newtown, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) References: |
| ⓘ 'Copiapite Group' |
| ⓘ Copper Formula: Cu Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Habit: massive Colour: Coated with green malachite. Description: A few very large nuggets found in glacial till or attached to arkosic bedrock. The largest was found in 1870 0.5 mile north of East Rock and weighed about 200 pounds (90 kg). References: |
| ⓘ Cordierite Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Habit: Anhedral to blocky, also Subhedral Colour: gray-green to violet |
| ⓘ Corundum Formula: Al2O3 Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region. Habit: hexagonal tabular Colour: pale lavender Description: A 2 cm, tabular, hexagonal crystal is present in a cabinet specimen of kyanite at Harvard that was part of Brace's large boulder. References: |
| ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire Formula: Al2O3 Localities: Habit: hexagonal prisms Colour: dark blue Description: embedded in kyanite, vary in size from micro to megascopic. |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Crandallite ? Formula: CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Schooner (1955) reports it "as microscopic crystals associated with bertrandite" found by Gunnar Bjareby. However, he does not mention it in any of his subsequent writings on the area. |
| ⓘ Cronstedtite Formula: Fe2+2Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Habit: radial groups of flattened crystals Colour: greenish-brown to almost black Description: A drab greenish-brown to almost black mineral, abundantly associated with grunerite, siderite, and marcasite, was identified as chamosite. Careful restudy of X-ray data indicates cronstedtite as a better fit. |
| ⓘ Cryptomelane Formula: K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 Localities: Habit: botryoidal Colour: black with blue tint References: |
| ⓘ Cummingtonite Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Localities: Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Garnet prospect, Middle Haddam, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Becker Quarry (Becker's Quarry), West Willington, Willington, Tolland County, Connecticut, USA |
| ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Description: Thin secondary crusts associated with bornite and/or chalcocite. Easily confused with hematite. |
| ⓘ Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite Formula: Cu2O Habit: acicular |
| ⓘ Cuprobismutite Formula: Cu8AgBi13S24 Habit: massive, coatings Description: Associated with bismuthinite and pyrite with secondary bismite, bismutite (some or all may in fact be bismutoferrite) and goethite staining pegmatite matrix. |
| ⓘ 'Cymatolite' Localities: Habit: pseudomorphs after spodumene Colour: white to pale gray Description: oriented intergrowth of very fine-grained, elongated albite and muscovite. Grains are oriented perpendicular to the spodumene c axis and give a columnar, silky appearance to the inside of a fractured specimen. Crystals pseudomorphs after spodumene at Yale to 32 x 70 cm. |
| ⓘ Danburite (TL) Formula: CaB2Si2O8 Localities: Type Locality: Danbury, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA |
| ⓘ Datolite Formula: CaB(SiO4)(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 35 localities in this region. Habit: complex prisms with chisel-point terminations Colour: pale apple green Description: Gas vesicles rich in crystals lining the walls were once abundant. Never found singly. Crystals can reach over 2.5 cm, larger ones typically transparent, smaller crystals translucent to opaque - grading to porcelaineous crusts. Excellent specimens in major museums. |
| ⓘ Davidite-(La) Formula: La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 Locality: Flatrock Quarry (Flat Rock Quarry; Crystal Mall), Waterford, New London County, Connecticut, USA Habit: subhedral Colour: pitch black Description: Small 1-2 cm obsidian-black subhedral crystals with red staining in adjacent rock. |
| ⓘ Devilline Formula: CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O Localities: Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA State Route 9 - Ellis Street and State Route 72 interchanges (State Route 72 roadcut), New Britain, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Stevenson Mine (Burke's Copper Mine), Oxford, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) |
| ⓘ Diadochite Formula: Fe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O Habit: coatings and micro globules Colour: orange Description: Orange coatings on triphylite, messelite, and other related phosphates |
| ⓘ Diamond Formula: C Locality: Lyman Viaduct at Dickinson Creek, Westchester, Colchester, New London County, Connecticut, USA Habit: cubic Colour: grey Description: Single alluvial crystal 0.8mm |
| ⓘ Diaspore Formula: AlO(OH) Locality: Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: thin or 6-sided tables flattened parallel to the shorter diagonal Colour: yellowish-white Description: First reported by Shepard (1842) as euclase forming "thin, transparent, yellowish-white tabular crystals, lining cavities in a silvery white mica, and sometimes imbedded in a dark purple fluor" in the topaz veins. Later retracted and confirmed to be diaspore by Shepard (1851) and Dana (1851): H=7-7.5, SG=3.29, alumina 84.9%, water 15.1% and described as "thin or 6-sided tables flattened parallel to the shorter diagonal". May be more common than reported because who has really looked? |
| ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) (TL) Formula: (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn2+13Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 Localities: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA U. S. Route 7 Expressway (Danbury line to Iron Works District), Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: foliated crystalline masses, almost micaceous, radiating or stellated curved laminae Colour: oil to olive green, dark to grass-green Description: Intimately associated with quartz, eosphorite, triploidite and rhodochrosite |
| ⓘ Dickite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Digenite Formula: Cu9S5 |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 50 localities in this region. Habit: flattened short to elongated prisms
Colour: white to very pale green Fluorescence: light blue-gray under SW Description: pseudomorphed by tremolite (originally called Canaanite) References: |
| ⓘ Diopside var. Canaanite Formula: CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ Djurleite Formula: Cu31S16 |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Localities: Reported from at least 32 localities in this region. Habit: rhombohedral, some curved Colour: white, pink, tan, brown if iron-rich Description: Abundant as fault vein filling associated with barite, quartz, bitumen. Crystals usually drusy. |
| ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 Localities: Habit: curved rhombohedra Colour: brown Description: grades into tan normal dolomite, surfaces commonly etched References: |
| ⓘ Dravite Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: short to elongated (along c axis) prisms with simple rhombohedral terminations, often doubly. Colour: black Description: In schist outcrop over 100 meters from the Biermann quarry and not related to it. References: |
| ✪ 'Dravite-Schorl Series' Habit: short prismatic, doubly-terminated by rhombohedrons Colour: dark brown to black Description: Described in Dana and Brush (1875) as "perfect dark brown crystals in mica-slate...sometimes to two inches in length and breadth." These dark brown to black crystals are sometimes referred to in old literature as dravite, though that identification is unconfirmed. Certainly somewhere in the dravite-schorl solid solution series. |
| ⓘ Dumortierite ? Formula: Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) Habit: acicular Colour: bright blue Description: A few concentrations of tiny acicular crystals in one specimen of coarse-grained albite/quartz/biotite gneiss matrix. |
| ⓘ 'Elaterite' Formula: (C,H,O,S) References: |
| ⓘ Elbaite Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Habit: Elongated trigonal prisms, antilogous pole terminated with rhombohedral pyramids {1bar11}, analgous pole dominated by a pedion. Colour: prisms mostly green, blue-green, rarely pink. Terms. green, yellow, pink, blue, combinations Description: Hundreds of crystals in some pockets, often "piercing" smoky quartz. Flawless crystals are rare; usually fractured. Large pocket crystals vary but are usually striated to silky, slender and elongated, from small needles up to 30 cm, but typically a few cm long. Color zoning is usually longitudinal, short and terminal in shades of green, pink, golden yellow and blue with up to 5 colors. Antilogous poles typically pale green, yellow, pink; analogous poles usually colorless, pale green, aqua. w/thin indigo cap, or sometimes with a narrow pale colored zone immediately beneath and parallel to the pedion. Tiny crystals may be any color throughout. Concentric “watermelon” zoning is not common. Some fragments of green prisms are overgrown by later pink zones. Also found frozen in matrix with beryl, fluorapatite, fluorite, muscovite, smoky quartz, lepidolite, microlite, columbite.
References: |
| ⓘ Enstatite Formula: Mg2Si2O6 Localities: Description: Enstatite (sensu stricto) — [En 91.5] within xenolith, Wagner et al.,1979 References: |
| ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2 |
| ⓘ Eosphorite (TL) Formula: Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O Localities: Habit: mostly massive, rare prismatic crystals Colour: pale pink, grayish-, bluish-, and yellowish-white, white Description: Intimately associated with quartz, dickinsonite, triploidite and rhodochrosite. Pink, translucent, prismatic crystals to around 1 cm long show rough striae parallel to the long axis, associated with micro encrusting quartz and apatite. References: |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: Reported from at least 59 localities in this region. Habit: prismatic Colour: yellow-green to dark green to black Description: drusy crystals in fractures in gneiss, crystallized in two generations, an initial one with elongated, larger and darker crystals and a second one of much finer-grained, short and lighter colored crystals. The second generation coats the first and some other minerals like quartz. |
| ⓘ Epidote var. Tawmawite Formula: {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Description: A completely unsubstantiated guess. |
| ⓘ Epistilbite Formula: CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O Localities: |
| ⓘ Epsomite Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O Localities: Habit: efflorescence Description: Schooner (1958): "occurs very sparingly with pickeringite, in efflorescences on protected schist ledges in the cut above the Strickland Quarry. It is distinguished from pickeringite by its different taste… the same as that of artificial Epsom salt." References: |
| ⓘ Erythrite Formula: Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O Localities: Habit: earthy incrustation or delicate needles Colour: red Description: Formed from the weathering of Co-rich loellingite. "Eugene Franckfort reported that the face of one lode, opened more than a century ago, was covered with, abundant erythrite crystals… as fine as any which he had seen in his native Europe." (Schooner 1958). "The Francfort mineral collection [at Wesleyan University] contains some excellent samples of erythrite from Bucks Shaft" (Gray 2005). It was common during the mining, but very scarce now.
A small flake was tested in concentrated HCl and it turned the solution blue, indicating erythrite. References: |
| ⓘ Euclase ? Formula: BeAl(SiO4)(OH) Localities: Colour: colorless Description: Etched, elongated microcrystals with rhombic cross-section and wedge-shaped terminations. With secondary quartz and cookeite coating a pocket quartz. References: |
| ⓘ Eucryptite (TL) Formula: LiAlSiO4 Localities: Habit: pseudomorphous after spodumene Colour: white to slightly greenish-white or pale gray Fluorescence: red Description: oriented intergrowth with very fine-grained, elongated albite. Grains are oriented perpendicular to the spodumene c axis and give an indistinct fibrous to columnar structure, this being always at right angles to the adjoining surface of the original mineral. Fractured surface typically has a frosty appearance. |
| ⓘ Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: Reference by Januzzi (1976) to this mineral being found by Schooner in "Portland" correlates only with a report by Schooner (circa 1985) from the Hale Quarry in Portland. Schooner makes no mention if it from Strickland in his various comprehensive publications, especially his last, Schooner (circa 1985). |
| ⓘ 'Fahlunite' Formula: (Mg,Fe)Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O Localities: Habit: pseudomorphs after cordierite Colour: dull olive green Description: "The pinite [later fahlunite] variety, though generally occurring in indeterminate shaped pieces, yet nevertheless is occasionally seen in forms of the same shape and regularity as the iolite, from which, however, it differs essentially in color and hardness. The peculiar tint affected by the pinite is a pale, bluish, chloride green. Its lustre is pearly, and not particularly shining, except in a few specimens, where the color approaches silver-white. Hardness 2.5. Laminae neither flexible nor elastic.
"in rhombic prisms in great abundance at the Iolite locality, and desirable specimens are easily obtainable. Many of these specimens upon being broken show clear blue Iolite in the interior, from which mineral it, is derived as alteration." (Davis, 1901). References: |
| ⓘ Fairfieldite (TL) Formula: Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O Localities: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Rock Landing Quarry (Capt. Rohrback Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Habit: foliated to lamellar masses, radiating masses consisting of curved foliated or fibrous aggregations Colour: white to pale straw-yellow Description: One variety cccurs filling cavities in the reddingite, and covering the distinct crystals of this mineral. It is uniformly clear and transparent, and is highly lustrous, showing entire absence of even incipient alteration. It is generally foliated to lamellar, although sometimes of a somewhat radiated structure.
A second variety occurs in masses of considerable size interpenetrated rather irregularly with quartz, and quite uniformly run through with thin seams and lines of a black manganesian mineral of not very clearly defined character. Typically friable to the touch and lacks something of the brilliant luster of the first variety, it also shows greater difference of structure, passing from the distinct crystals to the massive and radiated form. Also occurs in small particles in fillowite and in masses of some size immediately associated with eosphorite, triploidite, and dickinsonite.
References: |
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Ferberite Formula: FeWO4 Localities: Habit: pseudomorphs after bipyramidal scheelite Colour: black to dark brown Description: The only US locality for ferberite after scheelite crystals, with only about 8 other world-wide localities. First described by Silliman (1819-1822) but not recognized as pseudomorphic after scheelite for a few decades. Pseudomorph occurrence is locally restricted to the quartz/clinzoisite-rich contact between the amphibolite and marble at the upper mine pit, sometimes in small open spaces formed from the dissolution of calcite in that zone, and perhaps a nearby locality northeast of the "Burnett place" by Hobbs (1901). Occurs as anhedral lumps to euhedral crystals <1 to >10 cm, the latter size usually aggregates, in the amphibolite. Intermixed scheelite/ferberite partial replacement crystals are common. Some crystals reported with "spongy" texture, probably where tungstite formed and was weathered out. Typically called "wolframite" in most reports but Silliman's original wet chemical analysis shows it is what we now call ferberite and the use of the obsolete term "wolframite" should be abandoned. Januzzi (1994) confirms Silliman's Fe-dominant analysis: "Chemical analysis (Grand Junction Laboratory, Grand Junction, Colorado - Bauer) gave the following results: Tungsten 60.1%, Iron 17.8%, Manganese 0.21%.
Non-fibrous material yielded 16.3% iron and 0.95% manganese." References: |
| ⓘ 'Fergusonite' ? Localities: Colour: brownish yellow Description: reported by Januzzi (1976) as "a small, brownish yellow nodule in feldspar". No analysis reported, no other finds reported/confirmed. |
| ⓘ Ferricopiapite ? Formula: Fe3+0.67Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O Locality: Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Description: Details of the find needed. |
| ⓘ Ferri-ghoseite Formula: ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 Habit: lamellar or bladed Colour: tan or green Description: Reported by Dick Schooner as "Tirodite", reference below provides no details. An XRD analysis of a sample labeled "tirodite" from Dick Schooner's collection could not differentiate it from actinolite. However, Schooner (circa 1990) reports: "Tan or green tirodite, lamellar and bladed, was rather common at the Jail Hill quarry, usually with only spessartine or barite. Masses two inches across have been preserved. A few little silky-fibrous tufts proved to be tirodite, also. This material was studied at the University of Michigan." A dark green amphibole-rich Schooner specimen labeled as "tirodite" (photo 983892) was analysed via SEM-EDS by Micromounters New England in 2019 and was found to be ferro-actinolite (no Mn). |
| ⓘ Ferrimolybdite Formula: Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O Localities: Hale Quarry (Andrews Quarry; Glastonbury Quarry), Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Andrews Quarry (old Hale Quarry; Grandfather Andrews Quarry), Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Gas pipeline excavation, South Glastonbury, Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Knob Hill Quarry, Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Husband Quarries, South Glastonbury, Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Colour: yellowish Description: alteration of molybdenite |
| ⓘ Ferro-actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Habit: anhedral Colour: very dark green Description: As sub-cm grains in amphibolite rock with frosty, fine-grained scapolite. |
| ⓘ 'Ferro-actinolite-Tremolite Series' |
| ⓘ Ferroberaunite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ Ferro-hornblende Formula: ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 Habit: Slightly elongated prismatic Colour: black Description: Porphyroblasts in amphibole gneiss adjacent to the pegmatite, subhedral crystals to about 1 cm. |
| ⓘ Ferrosaponite ? Formula: Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O Localities: Habit: micaceous or foliated globules or coatings Colour: very dark green to black Description: A late forming, fine-grained, very dark green to black micaceous mineral forming tiny globules or coating other minerals in vesicles in basalt. An SEM-EDS analysis conducted in 2017 concluded the mineral is an Fe-Mg-Ca aluminosilicate. The complete absence of K rules out stilpnomelane, biotite, celadonite. The Ca is too low for pumpellyite or julgoldite. A mindat.org mineral search by chemistry found ferrosaponite as a good match, as are its physical properties and geoenvironment of formation. However, XRD is needed for confirmation. References: |
| ⓘ Fillowite (TL) Formula: Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 Type Locality: Habit: granular aggregates, rare micro rhombohedra in tiny pockets Colour: honey-yellow, wax-yellow, also yellowish to reddish-brown Description: Reddingite is very commonly associated with fillowite, and in many cases it is not easy to distinguish the two minerals. |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F Localities: Reported from at least 93 localities in this region. Habit: short hexagonal prisms or tabular, terminated by pinacoids with modified edges Colour: pale gray-green or rose pink to purple Fluorescence: bright yellow Description: Gray-green opaque crystals up to 2 cm common in quartz, albite, beryl, elbaite, lepidolite matrix. Translucent to clear crystals in pockets, either as stout hexagonal prisms or with a central fluorescent prism surrounded by tapered, non-fluorescent overgrowths up to a few cm across. Gray-green crystals show more forms than the rose pink to purple crystals. |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite Formula: (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Habit: anhedral to stubby subhedral hexagons Colour: grayish green to blue-green, white, pale blue Fluorescence: yellow Description: An old term that should be abandoned, see description under fluorapatite. |
| ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) Formula: KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: bipyramidal Colour: colorless to white Description: Crystals can reach 2-3 cm, though commonly 1 cm or less. The tips of the pyramids are typically physically degraded and milky, leading to the term "snow-cone" habit for these crystals. 2018 SEM-EDS analyses or three samples has confirmed the "-(K)" nature of these crystals, but not whether they are "fluor" or "hydroxy". |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Localities: Reported from at least 47 localities in this region. Habit: cubic, sometimes modified by dodecahedron and tetrahexahedron Colour: purple and green shades to colorless, usually in layers Fluorescence: blue-white to purplish blue under SW UV, often zoned with the daylight color. Description: Very common in hydrothermal fault veins as coarse crystalline masses, found with most minerals present in these veins: quartz, calcite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, zeolites, with open spaces lined by tightly packed, rough-surfaced (from many small sub-faces) crystals. Crystals to 7 cm were removed intact during the initial blasting of the railroad cut. As well-formed euhedral isolated crystals in voids with other minerals usually up to 2 cm. References: |
| ⓘ Fluorite var. Chlorophane Formula: CaF2 Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. Habit: anhedral to modified octahedral Colour: micro crystals colorless to pale pink with purple zones at the tips, larger crystals and masses are red to reddish black Fluorescence: blue-green in SW, purple in LW, green phosphorescence Description: Crystals mostly micros in pockets in the aplitic zone, larger crystals to a few cm rare, but they typically crumble into fragments when found. Typically as irregular masses to 10 cm. SW fluorescence is eventually lost if left exposed to any light, so immediately place and keep any finds in an opaque container to preserve this property. |
| ⓘ 'Fluor-uvite-Uvite Series' ? Locality: Tourmaline locality, Airline Railroad, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Colour: black, dark brown Description: |
| ⓘ Foitite Formula: ◻(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Localities: Description: Grading into elbaite, associated with wodginite, cassiterite, quartz and gobbinsite. |
| ⓘ Forsterite Formula: Mg2SiO4 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Forsterite var. Peridot Formula: Mg2SiO4 |
| ⓘ Fourmarierite Formula: Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O Locality: Rock Landing Quarry (Capt. Rohrback Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: pseudomorphs after uraninite Colour: reddish Description: "In a study at Harvard University, in 1964, both fourmarierite and vandendriesscheite were identified, by X-ray diffraction, as components of hard "gummite" pseudomorphs after uraninite from the Rock Landing quarry. Fourmarierite is reddish; vandendriesscheite, yellow. The material came from the Charles Thomas collection." Schooner (circa 1980s). |
| ⓘ Gahnite Formula: ZnAl2O4 Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: octahedral Colour: dark green Description: Usually small octahedra less than about 1 cm, associated with cleavelandite and very dark smoky quartz in the southern pegmatite. According to Schooner (1958), Mary E. Mrose, of the U. S. Geological Survey, established the identity of this material by an x-ray diffraction test. |
| ⓘ Galaxite ? Formula: Mn2+Al2O4 Colour: dark green Description: A dusting of a dark green mineral is seen in alleghanyite-kutnohorite specimens from the Jail Hill quarry. X-ray diffraction of a mixed sample shows faint peaks that correspond rather well to galaxite. |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Localities: Reported from at least 45 localities in this region. Habit: cubic, octahedra rare Colour: metallic gray Description: Common as cleavable masses in the hydrothermal fault veins with fluorite, quartz, calcite, sphalerite, zeolites, etc. Crystals in open spaces typically range in size to about 5 cm, but a 7 kg galena crystal (10 cm on a side) was reportedly found by a workman at the site. Some <0.5 cm octahedra were also found. References: |
| ⓘ Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena Formula: PbS with Ag Locality: Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Description: Included in a list by Januzzi with no details, apparently based on early reports by Silliman of minerals actually from Lane's mine of Monroe. No modern data regarding the Ag content of galena from Connecticut has been published. |
| ⓘ Galenobismutite ? Formula: PbBi2S4 |
| ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reported from at least 64 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Gedrite Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 Localities: Chester, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Haynes Deep River Quarry, Deep River, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA State Route 9 Interchange 13 - Beaver Meadow Road, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Unnamed amphibole-tourmaline-magnetite locality, Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Habit: elongated prismatic Colour: black to very dark greenish black Description: In localized, very coarse-grained portions of the Middletown Formation in the Turkey Hill Reservoir area, associated with almandine, magnetite and phlogopite in albite-quartz matrix. Crystals up to several cm. Confirmed by both TEM-EDS and Raman spectroscopy - near the composition boundaries between gedrite, anthophyllite, ferro-anthophyllite and ferro-gedrite fields, under the current amphibole classification, but just within the gedrite range. |
| ⓘ Gehlenite Formula: Ca2Al[AlSiO7] Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: tetragonal prisms Colour: light brown Description: Tiny crystals in lens-like bodies of calc-silicate rock in the host Collins Hill Formation. Optical and X-ray study by Waldemar T. Schaller at the USGS indicate gehlenite, associated with diopside, grossular, wollastonite, and spurrite. |
| ⓘ Gersdorffite Formula: NiAsS Locality: Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: grains Description: "An analysis by Fairchild, published in 1931, and quoted in the Seventh Edition of “Dana’s System of Mineralogy”, gave: iron 3.9, cobalt 0.7, nickel 31.6, antimony 9.1, arsenic 34.9, sulfur 17.1, and bismuth 0.4%" (Schooner 1958); with the ore minerals at Shepard's Lode (Gray 2005). |
| ⓘ Gibbsite Formula: Al(OH)3 Habit: radially fibrous masses, stalactitic and spherical concretions, and as incrustations |
| ⓘ 'Gmelinite Subgroup' ? Description: This mineral is unknown from Connecticut trap rock. Likely confusion with chabazite variety phacolite. |
| ⓘ Gobbinsite Formula: Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Asociated with foitite grading into elbaite, wodginite, cassiterite, and quartz. |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 69 localities in this region. Habit: mostly earthy and massive, rarely radially fibrous masses, stalactitic, botryoidal, spherical Colour: brown to dark brown nearly black, some botryoidal and lustrous specimens are iridescent Description: Often misclassified as limonite, or "brown hematite" in older literature. Most material is massive dull earthy ore, best specimens have stalactitic to botryoidal forms with a highly lustrous, black surface. References: |
| ⓘ Gold Formula: Au Localities: Lead Mine brook, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Prospect, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) |
| ⓘ Gonnardite Formula: (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ Goslarite ? Formula: ZnSO4 · 7H2O Localities: Description: No details on the find listed in the reference, simply "Found in Monroe". |
| ⓘ Graftonite ? Formula: Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 Locality: Rock Landing Quarry (Capt. Rohrback Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Reported by Schooner (circa 1980s) as occurring in pieces from the Charles Thomas collection, along with triphylite, scorzalite, siderite, fairfieldite, augelite. Possible they could have come from the Palermo mine. |
| ⓘ Graphite Formula: C Localities: Reported from at least 29 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Grayite Formula: (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O Localities: |
| ⓘ Greenockite Formula: CdS Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Grossular Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reported from at least 29 localities in this region. Habit: dodecahedral Colour: cinnamon to clove-brown Description: Accessory in calc-silicate layers in the marble. Well-formed, gemmy crystals to 1.5 cm or so. References: |
| ✪ Grossular var. Hessonite Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Habit: dodecahedral Colour: orange to cinnamon Description: Massive matrix material and lustrous crystals to 1.5 inches lining voids or hiding under calcite. |
| ⓘ Groutite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) Localities: Habit: massive crust Colour: black Description: Thick black crust on altered lithiophilite with hureaulite and hydroxylapatite. |
| ⓘ Grunerite Formula: ◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Description: siderite layers up to 1/2 inch were common in a vein of marcasite, cronstedtite, grunerite, and quartz (Schooner, circa 1985). |
| ⓘ 'Gummite' Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Description: Associated with uraninite, meta-autunite, uranophane, other alteration products. Fine gummite and uranophane pseudomorphs after uraninite have been found here. |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Localities: Reported from at least 27 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Localities: Conklin Limestone Company quarry (Falls Village Quarry), Falls Village, Canaan, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Roncari Quarry, East Granby, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Reed's Gap Quarry (New Haven Trap Rock quarry; Tilcon Durham quarry), Durham, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA O & G Southbury Quarry (Silliman Quarry; O & G No. 2 Quarry), Orenaug Hills, Woodbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Agstone Company Limestone Quarry, Danbury, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: flat prisms Colour: colorless Description: Micro crystals and coatings filling thin fractures in a loose, rusty, calcareous schist boulder. References: |
| ⓘ Halloysite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Walden Gem Quarry, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Scoville Mine, Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Habit: earthy to waxy masses Colour: tan Description: Alteration of pollucite, so occurs as thin crusts and veins with elbaite, pollucite, cleavelandite. |
| ⓘ Halotrichite ? Formula: FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O Habit: fibrous Colour: off-white to pale yellow Description: Spongy mass of tiny fibrous crystals with included weathered-out mica flakes. May be all or in part pickeringite. |
| ⓘ Harmotome Formula: Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O Localities: Habit: Cruciform Marburg twins, with or without re-entrants, or simpler Morvenite twins. Colour: white Description: White crystals to about 1 cm, commonly dusted with micro-pyrites. This zeolite has the same morphology as phillipsite, but according to Tschernich's 1992 "Zeolites of the World", harmotome is typical of lead deposits whereas phillipsite occurs in volcanics. This locality is thus favorable for harmotome. Henderson (1979) analyzed crystals and found that "...microprobe analysis shows the Ba:Si ratio to be 1.2:6, and the amounts of K, Na and Ca to be low. This data fits harmotome perfectly, and is not consistent with either phillipsite or wellsite."
|
| ⓘ Hastingsite Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 Locality: State Route 9 and State Route 81 Interchange, Higganum, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: subhedral prismatic Colour: black |
| ⓘ Hedenbergite ? Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6 Habit: radiating clusters Colour: Greenish- Black |
| ⓘ Helvine Formula: Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S Localities: Habit: tetragonal, slightly cavernous showing trigonal indentations Colour: honey-brown Description: Two 0.8mm crystals found on a single specimen associated with the other common site minerals. Crystal faces are slightly pitted with sub-vitreous luster, dusted with a small amount of sugary white alteration. Could possibly be genthelvite. |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Localities: Reported from at least 58 localities in this region. Habit: microscopic tabular plates and rosettes or botryoidal Colour: maroon to black Description: Black, platy rosettes ranging in size from super-micro to a more easily-seen three millimeters. As an inclusion in quartz, in which case it accounts for the bright red color of the host crystal. It also can be frequently observed as an inclusion in calcite. The red staining of any mineral found where can be attributed to hematite. |
| ⓘ Hematite var. Iron Rose Formula: Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite Formula: Fe2O3 Description: In the baked arkose below the contact with the diabase. |
| ⓘ Hemimorphite Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O Localities: Middletown lead mines (Middletown Mine), Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Thomaston Dam railroad cut, Thomaston Dam, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA South Main Street construction site, Torrington (Wolcottville), Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA U. S. Route 7 Expressway (Danbury line to Iron Works District), Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) |
| ⓘ Formula: CaBe(PO4)F Locality: State Forest Quarry No. 2 (State Forest #2 Mica Mine; Carini Quarry), Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: undoubtedly hydroxylherderite as there is still but one or two chemically verified herderite specimen in the world and even the so-called type locality for true herderite does not have the species by modern chemical analyses. "Chemical analysis of herderite, collected by the author, at the State Forest Mine in East Hampton, Connecticut, indicate that it is the hydroxyl variety" (Januzzi 1994). |
| ⓘ Heterosite Formula: (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 Localities: Andrews Quarry (old Hale Quarry; Grandfather Andrews Quarry), Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA State Forest Quarry No. 2 (State Forest #2 Mica Mine; Carini Quarry), Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA State Routes 8 and 118 interchange, Harwinton, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Colour: purple Description: secondary after triphylite (Foye 1922) |
| ⓘ Heulandite-Ca Formula: (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. Habit: coffin-shaped prisms Colour: white to almond, colorless Description: Confirmed in 2018 via SEM-EDS analyses. Late forming crystals to 2 cm perched on quartz or prehnite with other zeolites and fluoapophyllite-K. References: |
| ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup' Formula: (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O Localities: Reported from at least 27 localities in this region. Habit: coffin-shaped Colour: colorless to pale yellow or tan Description: Common in the hydrothermal fault veins with quartz, sphalerite, pyrite, galena. Pearly, translucent crystals usually <1 cm, but rarely up to 2.5 cm. |
| ⓘ Hexahydrite ? Formula: MgSO4 · 6H2O Description: Discovered by Richard Schooner as an "efflorescence on schist" at an undisclosed Portland location, reported by Januzzi, but details lacking. |
| ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group' Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 Localities: Reported from at least 28 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Hübnerite ? Formula: MnWO4 Description: Only confirmed ferberite pseudomorphs after scheelite have ever been found in the area, and only within the adjacent Old Mine Park. Analyses are needed to substantiate this mineral. |
| ⓘ Hureaulite Formula: Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O Localities: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Anderson No. 1 Mica Mine (Swanson Mine; Swanson Lithia Mine; Old Lithia Mine; Chatham Lithia Mine), East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: short prismatic to tabular, in parallel growth Colour: typically white to pink, pale violet to reddish brown and deep orange-red Description: Massive, sub-resinous, white to pale material in the Yale collection reminiscent of massive scapolite. Tiny crystals in small vugs. Formed from an alteration of lithiophilite, intimately associated with dickinsonite, eosphorite, fairfieldite, reddingite, fillowite, triploidite. Difficult to distinguish from reddingite. References: |
| ⓘ Hydrokenoelsmoreite ? Formula: ◻2W2O6(H2O) Description: Reference includes a list of minerals reportedly found by Dick Schooner in a quartz vein in East Hampton, but with no supporting details. The mineral is listed as "ferritungstite". |
| ⓘ Hydrokenoelsmoreite var. Ferritungstite ? |
| ⓘ Formula: WO3 · 2H2O Locality: Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: Dehydrates to tungstite, whose presence outside of neighboring Old Mine Park has not been validated. |
| ⓘ Hydroxylapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH) Localities: State Forest Quarry No. 2 (State Forest #2 Mica Mine; Carini Quarry), Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: micro hexagonal prisms Colour: colorless to white Description: in pockets of altered triphylite with beraunite, whitmoreite, messelite, etc.
Tested by XRD at the National Museum Prague (dr. Jiri Sejkora). References: |
| ⓘ Hydroxylherderite Formula: CaBe(PO4)(OH) Localities: Habit: flat prisms with dome terminations Colour: pale yellow Description: Specimens analyzed by Leavens, et al. (1978) from New England were analyzed and found to be true hydroxylherderite. As the study was made after the reference cited and as there are only one or two analyzed true herderites in the world, the entry was changed to conform to modern nomenclature.
Leavens, et al., 1978, Compositional and Refractive Index Variations of the Herderite-Hydroxyl-herderite Series, American Mineralogist, v 63, p. 913-917.
"Chemical analysis of herderite, collected by the author, at the State Forest Mine in East Hampton, Connecticut, indicate that it is the hydroxyl variety" (Januzzi 1994).
Described (as herderite) by Schooner (1958) as "twenty five 1/32 inch pale yellow tabular crystals in a vug of albite and altered siderite, near a contact with semi-columnar beryl" |
| ⓘ Hydrozincite Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 Localities: Middletown lead mines (Middletown Mine), Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Roxbury Iron Mine (Shepaug Iron Company Mine; Shepaug Spathic Iron and Steel Company Mine), Mine Hill (Ore Hill), Roxbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Thomaston Dam railroad cut, Thomaston Dam, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA U. S. Route 7 Expressway (Danbury line to Iron Works District), Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) |
| ⓘ 'Hypersthene' Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Localities: Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Mount Prospect complex (Prospect Hill complex; Prospect Mountain complex), Litchfield, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Wethersfield (1982) meteorite, Wethersfield, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Wethersfield (1971) meteorite, Wethersfield, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Stratford meteorite, Stratford, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Localities: Reported from at least 34 localities in this region. Habit: platy to tabular Colour: black submetallic Description: Found in three modes: 1. As small (<1 cm) crystals scattered in schist, gneiss and amphibolite. 2. As deformed platy concentrations in quartz/albite/mica boudins in schist. Loose boudins as boulders vary in size from "turtle shell" pieces, to boulders pushing a meter across with overlapping, curved crystals or aggregates on the order of 10 cm.
3. As undeformed, tabular crystals exceeding 10-15 cm (mostly broken so hard to say exactly), 1 to 15 mm thick, that grew rooted in the chlorite-rich contact of schist with discordant quartz masses. These crystals typically oriented edge-on to the contact and surrounded by massive quartz that evidently filled in after they crystallized. Most of these "ilmenite" crystals are actually pseudomorphed by, to varying degrees, magnetite, hematite, rutile, chlorite, even within the same crystal. As ilmenite is weakly magnetic, it is easy to tell the strongly magnetic magnetite pseudos from ilmenite. The rutile/hematite pseudos are reddish and non-magnetic and blood-red, acicular microcrystals can be seen in them under a scope. References: |
| ⓘ Ilmenite var. Iron(III)-bearing Ilmenite Formula: (Fe2+,Fe3+)TiO3 |
| ⓘ 'Indicolite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Iron Formula: Fe Localities: |
| ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite Formula: (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ Ishikawaite Formula: U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 Localities: Habit: tabular Colour: black with brown coating Description: metamict crystals with obsidian-like conchoidal fracture References: |
| ⓘ 'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series' Formula: (Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)4O8 Localities: Habit: tabular Colour: black Description: Schooner (circa 1990) - "Several beautiful ixiolite crystals, in compact grayish lepidolite, were collected at the Swanson mine, by Anthony J. Albini. These range up to half an inch; they are black, brilliant, flattened, and striated, much resembling wolframite. The identification was by X-ray methods." References: |
| ⓘ 'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Wolframoixiolite' Formula: (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)2O4 Habit: acicular Colour: black Description: Elongated, thin crystals in albite/quartz/annite matrix, with unknown translucent, orange-red coating. |
| ⓘ Jacobsite Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2O4 Description: "Specimens of tephroite from the Jail Hill quarry contain magnetic grains, shown (by X-ray and microprobe study at the University of Michigan) to be jacobsite. The material ranges from ferroan jacobsite to manganoan magnetite, within individual grains. A few specimens show it rather abundantly."
Specimens are in the Harvard Mineralogical Museum. |
| ⓘ Jarosite Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 Localities: Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA State Route 25 road cuts, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Thomaston Dam railroad cut, Thomaston Dam, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) References: |
| ⓘ 'Jasper' Localities: |
| ⓘ Formula: Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O Localities: Description: "was attributed to some locality in Middletown...by C. U. Shephard, in 1850. In a recent communication to the author, Clifford Frondel of Harvard University said, 'The old reported occurrences of uranium sulfates are not valid'." Schooner (1958) |
| ⓘ Johannsenite ? Formula: CaMn2+Si2O6 Colour: tan or gray Description: Fibrous tan or gray johannsenite is intergrown with pink bustamite in a few specimens from the Jail Hill quarry. The X-ray pattern indicates a clinopyroxene, and spectrographic analysis shows calcium and manganese as the principal cations of both minerals. The association is entirely characteristic. |
| ✪ Julgoldite-(Fe2+) Formula: Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) Habit: micro radiating acicular aggregates or botryoidal Colour: dark green to black Description: Associated with prehnite, calcite, quartz, pumpelleyite-(Fe3+) and sometimes with babingtonite. Few specimens have been confirmed by analyses to differentiate it from several other possible pumpellyite group minerals. |
| ⓘ ' Formula: Ca2XFe3+2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A Locality: Roncari Quarry, East Granby, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Habit: isolated botryoidal or "bow-tie" radiating crystal aggregates. Colour: very dark green Description: Identified by Raman spectroscopy as pumpellyite. |
| ⓘ Kaersutite Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| ⓘ Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' Localities: Reported from at least 28 localities in this region. Habit: "cauliflower-like" aggregates Colour: Peach to tan Description: Found in basalt cavities usually on top of datolite or prehnite indicating late crystallization. |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' Formula: KAlSi3O8 Localities: Reported from at least 28 localities in this region. Habit: "cauliflower-like" aggregates Colour: Peach to tan Description: Found in basalt cavities usually on top of datolite or prehnite indicating late crystallization. |
| ⓘ Kutnohorite Formula: CaMn2+(CO3)2 Habit: massive Colour: pink Description: "Light pink kutnohorite (verified at the University of Michigan) is the matrix for abundant reddish grains of alleghanyite (or an alleghanyite-like mineral) in the material collected, around 1960, at the Jail Hill quarry. Tephroite, jacobsite, and pyrophanite are also associated." |
| ⓘ Kyanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Localities: Reported from at least 64 localities in this region. Habit: elngated, tabular prisms Colour: gray to pale blue-green with sky blue cores Description: Occurs in two modes: 1. As gray crystals in schist and quartz/albite/mica boudins, randomly oriented along the foliation, crystals typically reaching 5 cm. These resistant crystals form rough surfaces on schist boulders where they are abundant. 2: As very long crystals to 10s of cms, commonly concentrated in parallel to subparallel arrangement in massive quartz and adjacent schist. These crystals are pale blue-green with sky blue cores along their lengths. There are +/- 1-meter cone to fan-shaped boulders with solid concentrations of these crystals. References: |
| ⓘ Lacroixite Formula: NaAl(PO4)F Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: granular Colour: pale yellow Description: From Schooner (circa 1985): "Mary E. Mrose [USGS] studied some exceptional material collected at the Strickland quarry by Charles Thomas, when the last sporadic work was done in the non-flooded pit. Lacroixite formed rather granular pale yellow areas in a mixture of augelite, brazilianite, and hydroxylapatite (?), replacing natromontebrasite. Her paper redefined the species, which had been in question." Natromontebrasite was discredited in 2007, being a mixture of montebrasite, lacroixite, and wardite. |
| ⓘ Landesite ? Formula: Mn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O Habit: alteration Colour: dark brown Description: "Landesite may occur as a dark brown alteration product of reddingite at Branchville." |
| ⓘ Langite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O Localities: Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Stevenson Mine (Burke's Copper Mine), Oxford, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA Roxbury Iron Mine (Shepaug Iron Company Mine; Shepaug Spathic Iron and Steel Company Mine), Mine Hill (Ore Hill), Roxbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Description: SEM-EDS showed a copper sulfate. Visual identification compared to crystal drawing #1 under Langite (Goldschmidt) on Mindat. References: |
| ⓘ 'Lanthanite' ? Colour: gray Description: A possible weathering product of the basnaesite. |
| ⓘ Larnite Formula: Ca2SiO4 Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Colour: grayish Description: Schooner (circa 1985): "One of the calc-silicate pods at the Strickland quarry contained the usual fine-grained diopside, grossularite, and wollastonite, with the addition of a 1/2 inch zone of grayish cleavable larnite, giving a distinct X-ray pattern." Studied by Waldemar T. Schaller of USGS. |
| ⓘ Laueite Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O Habit: microscopic elongated prisms Colour: red-orange Description: "Tiny orange crystals are associated with strunzite fibers in vugs of altered messelite, with siderite and mitridatite" (Schooner 1961) |
| ⓘ Laumontite Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O Localities: Reported from at least 27 localities in this region. Habit: prismatic Colour: white Description: Common in many vesicles, some are filled with late forming crystals to 2-3 cm, which eventually crumble, sadly. |
| ⓘ Lazulite ? Formula: MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 Colour: blue Description: "(?) This occurrence, unlike the vivianite, was observed embedded in altered rim of amblygonite (montebrasite). Not enough material for positive ID." Januzzi (1994) |
| ⓘ Lechatelierite Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Lepidocrocite Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ 'Lepidolite' Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Habit: pseudo-hexagonal crystals, granular Colour: purple Description: As distinct crystals, up to 10 cm across; as overgrowths on a core of green muscovite and in turn overgrown by parallel schernikite fibers - all cleavable as one unit. As peach-blossom red crystals, often penetrated by elbaite. Fine-grained, granular masses in matrix with smoky quartz, cleavelandite, elbatite, beryl, fluorapatite. |
| ⓘ Liandratite Formula: U(Nb,Ta)2O8 Habit: massive Colour: yellow Description: Associated with petscheckite and columbite. |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' Localities: Reported from at least 54 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 Localities: |
| ⓘ Linnaeite Formula: Co2+Co3+2S4 |
| ⓘ Litharge Formula: PbO Colour: tan Description: From Schooner (circa 1980s): "Massicot was the most abundant of the lead oxides from the now-collapsed tunnel of the lead mine nearest the river. X-ray study, however, showed the presence of minor litharge. A sample of weathered galena, picked up on the cobalt mine dump below Great Hill, had a rather thick tan crust. It gave a very good X-ray pattern of litharge." |
| ⓘ Lithiophilite (TL) Formula: LiMn2+PO4 Localities: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Schoonmaker Mine, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA U. S. Route 7 Expressway (Danbury line to Iron Works District), Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: irregular blocky to rounded masses Colour: bright salmon, honey-yellow, yellowish-brown to umber-brown Description: The anhedral to subhedral masses are typically 1 to 3 inches in diameter and coated with a black alteration. Alteration sometimes has penetrated deep into the mass so that original color is only in the core. Secondary Mn phosphates are associated. Original type material analyzed in Brush and Dana (1878) had Mn/Mn + Fe ratio of about 0.9. Landes (1925) analyzed lithiophilite from this locality and found the Mn/Mn + Fe ratio was 0.72 |
| ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite Formula: Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 Localities: Habit: crusts Colour: brown, yellow-brown, reddish-brown Description: An alteration product forming brown rinds around nodules of lithiophilite. References: |
| ⓘ ' Locality: Anderson No. 1 Mica Mine (Swanson Mine; Swanson Lithia Mine; Old Lithia Mine; Chatham Lithia Mine), East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: Confusion with triplite and elbaite. |
| ⓘ Lithiophorite ? Formula: (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 Localities: Description: Listed as associated with rhabdophane but no site-specific details given. |
| ⓘ Lizardite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Habit: massive Colour: yellow to dark green Description: nodules or irregular masses, massive to variegated and mixed with calcite References: |
| ⓘ Löllingite Formula: FeAs2 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Description: Found "sparingly". Associated with siderite and sulfides. |
| ⓘ Ludlamite Formula: Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O Habit: cleavable masses Colour: pale green Description: "Light green cleavages were associated with siderite and triphylite. It also formed thin borders along messelite areas in hydrothermally altered triphylite." (Schooner 1961) |
| ⓘ Maghemite Formula: (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 Locality: Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: massive Colour: brown Description: Alteration of magnetite found on biotite gneiss in the rock quarry uphill from the pegmatite. Referenced and photographed by Weissmand and Nikischer of Excalibur Mineral Corp. Harold Moritz collection contains a similar specimen purchased from them. |
| ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Habit: elongated prismatic Colour: black Description: Mostly as a metamorphic retrograde alteration of pyroxene in the host metagabbro, but also as an uncommon mineral in the open vein assemblage - a rarity in the state. Crystals to 1 cm. |
| ✪ Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 Locality: Becker Quarry (Becker's Quarry), West Willington, Willington, Tolland County, Connecticut, USA Habit: rhombohedral Colour: tan to brown Description: Small rhombs <1 cm common, but crystals can reach several cm. Much more common than reported ankerite. Iron typically in the range of 0.05-0.30 apfu, though reportedly a few samples have outer rims grading to pure siderite. |
| ✪ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite Formula: (Mg,Fe)CO3 Locality: Becker Quarry (Becker's Quarry), West Willington, Willington, Tolland County, Connecticut, USA Habit: rhombohedral Colour: tan to light brown Description: Crystals to several cm. Much more common than reported ankerite. Iron typically in the range of 0.05-0.30 apfu, though reportedly a few samples have outer rims grading to pure siderite. |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Reported from at least 78 localities in this region. Habit: Striated octahedrons to dodecahedrons Colour: metallic gray to black Description: Typically coated with a thin layer of muscovite that can be carefully removed. |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 64 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides' Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides var. Manganese Dendrites' Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Habit: dendritic coatings Colour: black to dark brown References: |
| ⓘ Formula: Mn3+O(OH) Localities: Description: Speculation by Schooner (1958). Black crusts associated with altered lithiophilite are groutite. References: |
| ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Margarite Formula: CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 Localities: Habit: micaceous, fibrous, compact Colour: white, gray, pale green Description: As bands of soft but brittle parallel fibers with pearly luster surrounding and/or replacing some topaz crystals. Grading to micaceous to granular, the latter especially in the cores of altered crystals. Associated with unaltered topaz, muscovite, quartz, fluorite in cross-cutting hydrothermal veins. Confirmed using Raman spectroscopy by Paul Bartholomew, U. New Haven, 2014. |
| ⓘ 'Margarodite' Description: variety of muscovite found along the contact of cross-cutting quartz-topaz-fluorite-muscovite veins with the host amphibolite. |
| ⓘ Marialite Formula: Na4Al3Si9O24Cl Localities: Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Conklin Limestone Company quarry (Falls Village Quarry), Falls Village, Canaan, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Corporate Drive, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: radiating acicular Colour: white, pale to dark green Fluorescence: pink to lavender Description: As large radiating acicular masses in the amphibolite associated with microcline, oligoclase, quartz, sulfides and clinochlore. Also along contact zones of the amphibolite with the cross-cutting quartz-topaz-fluorite-muscovite veins associated with phlogopite and beryl. References: |
| ⓘ Massicot Formula: PbO Colour: yellowish Description: From Schooner (circa 1980s)" "Some rich specimens, showing soft yellowish massicot in cellular quartz, derived from the alteration of galena, were found in the last lead mine tunnel toward the river. X-ray study indicates a mixture of massicot and litharge, with massicot predominating." |
| ⓘ Masutomilite Formula: (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ Meionite Formula: Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 Localities: |
| ⓘ Melanterite Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Mesolite Formula: Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O Localities: Habit: acicular, radiating Colour: white Description: At least some of what has been considered natrolite (visually) from this locality proved to be mesolite (EDS), though other crystals could still be natrolite. References: |
| ⓘ Messelite Formula: Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O Habit: massive curved, lamellar aggregates, acicular microcrystals Colour: white to tan, sometimes a green coating of an unknown. Description: "Many solid white or tan masses, with a curved lamellar structure, were collected; some were two inches across. The messelite was intergrown with siderite, or embedded in triphylite. Distinct crystals, with a pearly luster, were noted in vugs of the massive mineral." Schooner (1961). Associated with triphylite, siderite, strunzite, laueite, mitridatite, ludlamite, vivianite.
A green mineral thought to be beraunite was tested by XRD (with some matrix) at the National Museum Prague (dr. Jiri Sejkora) and found to be "no beraunite but something similar to messelite". The green may be only a coating. |
| ⓘ Meta-autunite Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O Localities: Reported from at least 28 localities in this region. Habit: encrustations Colour: yellow Fluorescence: green Description: excellent halos surrounding other uranium secondary minerals and altered uraninite. References: |
| ⓘ Metaswitzerite Formula: Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O Localities: Description: Januzzi reported it as switzerite, which dehydrates to metaswitzerite according to Zanazzi (1986). Januzzi reference provides no details. Caption for http://www.mindat.org/photo-199679.html indicates confirmation by unknown methods. References: |
| ⓘ Metatorbernite Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Habit: tabular Colour: emerald green Description: micaceous flakes are quite large, being about one-eighth inch across (Jones (1960))
magnificent specimens...was common, around l94l or 1942 (Schooner (1958)
sometimes covers the specimens so thickly as to give them a solid green appearance (Little 1942) |
| ⓘ 'Mica Group' Localities: Westport, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Whispering Pines residential construction site, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Wolcott, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA Columbite locality (Nameaug; Nautneauge; Naumeag; Naumeaug), New London, New London County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Reported from at least 187 localities in this region. Habit: blocky to prismatic Colour: white and salmon-pink Fluorescence: bluish-white Description: Crystals in cavities reach 20 cm or more across, and up to 120 cm across as crude crystals in the core. One large crystal was presented to the American Museum of Natural History, NYC by E. Schernikow. As "perthite", a major component of the pegmatite in general. |
| ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Andrews Quarry (old Hale Quarry; Grandfather Andrews Quarry), Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Gillette Quarry (J-J Mine; Haddam Neck Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Paxton Way, Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Hale Quarry (Andrews Quarry; Glastonbury Quarry), Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: massive to subhedral prismatic Colour: pale green Description: Concentrated at the intermediate/quartz core zone boundary where inward oriented, subhedral prismatic crystals reach 30 cm. Color is generally pale and patchy within crytals, but some zones approach aqua. |
| ✪ Microcline var. Hyalophane Formula: (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] Habit: prismatic Colour: pale yellow-white Description: "A few nicely formed yellowish hyalophane crystals (adularia type) were found in vugs of spessartine crystals at the Jail Hill quarry in Haddam, associated with a lens of manganese silicates and oxides. Spectrographic analysis indicates the hyalophane is manganoan." Schooner (circa 1985). Crystals reach about 1 cm. |
| ⓘ 'Microlite Group' Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region. Habit: octahedral with dodecahedral and cubic modifications Colour: pale to dark brown to black, yellow-green Description: Crystals up to "almost half an inch" (Schooner, 1958) associated with cleavelandite and very dark smoky quartz in the southern pegmatite. |
| ⓘ Milarite Formula: K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| ⓘ Mimetite Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ Minium Formula: Pb3O4 Colour: orange-red Description: From Schooner (circa 1980s): "Dull orange-red minium is one of the lead oxides found at the lowest of the tunnels between River Road and the Connecticut River, in Middletown. This material did not yield the good X-ray pattern of the other lead oxides, massicot, litharge, and plattnerite. It is assumed to be fine-grained or impure. Interestingly, no hematite peaks were seen." |
| ⓘ Mitridatite Formula: Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O Localities: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA State Forest Quarry No. 2 (State Forest #2 Mica Mine; Carini Quarry), Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA State Routes 8 and 118 interchange, Harwinton, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA State Route 133, Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Habit: coatings Colour: greenish yellow Description: Greenish yellow coatings on the phosphate minerals in the Yale collection, some are labeled as mitridatite. |
| ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 Localities: Reported from at least 34 localities in this region. Habit: hexagonal, tabular Colour: metallic gray Description: Excellent euhedral crystals to 5 cm References: |
| ⓘ 'Monazite' Formula: REE(PO4) Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Colour: yellow-brown Description: "beautiful yellowish-brown monazite crystals, up to a couple of inches long and quite glassy, are sometimes found. [David] Seaman has established their identity by an x-ray test." Schooner (1961). |
| ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(PO4) Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region. Colour: brown to red-brown Description: "in a very limited quantity. It occurs in small, brownish or hyacinthine red crystals...disseminated through bucholzite [sillimanite], in a red feldspathic granite, contained in gneiss. The crystals are rarely above a quarter of an inch in length, and one-sixth of an inch in thickness." Shepard (1837) References: |
| ⓘ Montebrasite Formula: LiAl(PO4)(OH) Localities: Walden Gem Quarry, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Schoonmaker Mine, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Colour: white Description: locally in the core zone in crystals which commonly show a good but rough crystal form. Some of its crystals reach three or four inches in length. The outer crystal edges are usually altered on the surfaces to a tan colored alteration product. |
| ⓘ Montmorillonite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Habit: earthy Colour: pink Description: As crumbly, soft, pink masses where spodumene has decomposed. |
| ⓘ 'Moonstone' |
| ⓘ Moraesite Formula: Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O Localities: Habit: Acicular, encrustations Colour: white Description: Merged sprays of acicular crystals forming a white crust on massive beryl, with hydroxylherderite. References: |
| ⓘ Mordenite Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Morinite ? Formula: NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Unconfirmed. According to Schooner (circa 1985): "A few masses of Strickland quarry natromontebraesite, from the pollucite zone in the middle eastern wall, halfway down, are composed of intergrown metasomatic or hydrothermal alterations. Pink brazilianite, containing a trace of Mn (analysis by the USGS), is associated with augelite, lacroixite, and hydroxylapatite. This mineral was collected by Charles Thomas, and studied by Mary E. Mrose [USGS]. Ronald E. Januzzi had earlier collected material, on the old dumps, in which the brazilianite occurs as confused white aggregates, with hydroxylapatite and possibly morinite." |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 207 localities in this region. Habit: tabular, waxy secondary replacement of gemmy almandine Colour: yellowish-green to pale brown Description: According to Cameron et al (1954), in the albite-quartz-muscovite wall zone muscovite forms books 2 inches to 6 feet broad and ½ to 12 inches thick. These were heavily mined in the early 1940s. Smaller crystals occur in the other zones, except the quartz core. The output of the Schoonmaker mine and Strickland Quarry places the Strickland pegmatite among the most productive mica pegmatites in the country with a total yield estimated at more than 4,500 tons of mine-run mica. Waxy, yellow fine-grained replacement of gemmy almandine (both confirmed by Raman spectroscopy at the University of New Haven) showing included, remnant, etched pieces of the garnet. |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Damourite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Unnamed quartz mine (Judd's Bridge kyanite locality), Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Coe's Mine (Sedgewick and Buell mine; Kyanite and ilmenite locality), Litchfield, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA New Hartford, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: anhedral scales, pseudomorphs after kyanite Description: "as pearly scales in quartz and as more compact talc-like masses that are apparently pseudomorphs after kyanite", Januzzi, 1959. References: |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite Formula: K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 Locality: Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: earthy Colour: pastel pink Description: clay-like masses in small voids in the aplitic zone of the pegmatite. |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Schernikite (FRL) Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Gillette Quarry (J-J Mine; Haddam Neck Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA White Rocks Quarry (Consolidated Quarry), White Rock Mining District, Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Type Locality: Gillette Quarry (J-J Mine; Haddam Neck Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: Rhombic fibers in parallel or twin-position Colour: white, tan, pink Description: A variety of pink fibrous muscovite so far unique to Gillette, as described by Scovil (1992): "Bowman (1902) goes into great detail in his analysis of muscovite and lepidolite from Gillette. The two form interesting overgrowths, with pale green muscovite at the center. This core is surrounded by a sharply defined zone of pink lepidolite. The lepidolite was subsequently overgrown by pink fibrous muscovite. The fibers are rhombic in cross section and are in parallel or twin-position so that the mass can be cleaved as if a single crystal...The fibrous muscovite also occurs as inclusions in quartz crystals. The muscovite starts at a pin point in the quartz crystals interior and becomes a divergent sub-parallel bundle of fibers as it reaches the surface where it is often the preferred site for a cookeite hemisphere." References: |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: New Canaan, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Thomaston Dam railroad cut, Thomaston Dam, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA U. S. Route 7 Expressway (Danbury line to Iron Works District), Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA |
| ⓘ Nacrite ? Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Description: No details on the find in the reference, just "found at Ridgefield". |
| ⓘ Nantokite Formula: CuCl Habit: micro tetrahedra, etched to skeletal or in parallel groups Colour: colorless to white Description: Henderson (1967) reports: colorless translucent to white opaque 0.5 mm tetrahedra with and on cuprite and atacamite. Some of the crystals showed triangular etch pits on the tetrahedron faces (Fig. 1) and many were skeletal (Fig. 2) or occurred in parallel growth.
Identification was made as follows. Very few white tetrahedral minerals are known, and of these, only nantokite CuCl and marshite CuI were likely to form from copper in the presence of sea water. Both these minerals are optically isotropic, and the above material was found to be so. In addition, the index of refraction was found to be about 1.93. Nantokite has an index of 1.930 while marshite has an index of 2.346. As a matter of fact, the index of refraction is alone sufficient to identify this mineral as nantokite since only a handful of minerals have indices as high as 1.9, and the above are the only tetrahedral minerals in the group.
Many of the nantokite crystals were altered in part or entirely to a lime green mineral, and a few to a sulfur yellow material. It is interesting to note that nantokite has been reported to alter in air to the green mineral paratacamite.
|
| ⓘ Natrolite Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Habit: acicular with flat pyramidal termination Colour: colorless, white Description: Radiating open sprays of individual crystals, at least 1 cm long. At least one potential natrolite specimen has proven to be mesolite (via EDS), so perhaps more or all are actually the latter mineral. |
| ⓘ 'Natromontebrasite' Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Schooner (circa 1985) reports: "A few years ago, John Gillespie did a spectrographic analysis on a sample submitted by the author, finding much Na and hardly any Li. It is quite possible that natromontebrasite was fairly common... A few masses of Strickland quarry natromontebrasite, from the pollucite zone in the middle eastern wall, halfway down, are composed of intergrown metasomatic or hydrothermal alterations. Pink brazilianite, containing a trace of Mn (analysis by the USGS), is associated with augelite, lacroixite, and hydroxylapatite. This mineral was collected by Charles Thomas, and studied by Mary E. Mrose [USGS]." This mineral was discredited in 2007 as a mixture of montebrasite, lacroixite and wardite. |
| ⓘ Natrophilite (TL) Formula: NaMn2+PO4 Localities: Habit: massive, local alterations within lithiophilite Colour: deep, wine-yellow Description: Small regions within lithiophilite nodules. Description of type material from Brush and Dana (1890): "The luster is brilliant resinous to nearly adamantine; it was, in fact, the brilliancy of the luster which first attracted our attention, and which is, so far as the eye is concerned, its most distinguishing character. The mineral itself is perfectly clear and transparent, but the masses are much fractured and rifted. The surfaces are often covered by a very thin scale of an undetermined mineral, having a fine fibrous form, a delicate yellowish color and silky luster. This same mineral penetrates the masses wherever there is a fracture surface of cleavage or otherwise. What the exact nature of this mineral is we are unable to say, since the amount is too small to admit of a satisfactory determination - it appears to be a manganesian phosphate. It is evidently an alteration-product and would seem to imply that natrophilite is rather subject to easy chemical change. In any case this silky film is one of the characteristic features of the mineral, and directs attention to it at once even over the surface of a hand specimen where it is associated with lithiophilite and perhaps three or four other of these phosphates." References: |
| ⓘ Nepheline Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16) Localities: Habit: anhedral to subhedral grains Colour: pale gray Description: Major component of the rock. |
| ⓘ Nickeline Formula: NiAs Localities: |
| ⓘ Formula: (Ni,Co,Fe)As3 Locality: Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Habit: grains Description: "Shepard [1837] initially identified the Co-Ni bearing arsenide as the cubic di-arsenide, smaltite but after obtaining and studying additional material from his own mine he pronounced it to be a new orthorhombic tri-arsenide for which he proposed the name "Chathamite"....In the mid 1850s Genth (in Goodrich, 1854) questioned Shepard's identification and suggested that Chathamite was simply an iron rich variety of the cubic arsenide chloanthite (a misconception that perpetuated up to, and including, the 7th edition of Dana's Manual of Mineralogy). As it turns out, Shepard's Chathamite is indeed orthorhombic, but today would be classified as a nickel-cobalt rich loellingite." Gray (2005) |
| ⓘ Nontronite Formula: Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Locality: State Route 9 and State Route 81 Interchange, Higganum, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: clay Colour: greenish Description: A greenish clay mineral, forming a vein or zone, near the contact of a nepheline-bearing dike and granite gneiss has been identified as nontronite. It was studied by X-ray diffraction. |
| ⓘ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O Localities: Reported from at least 54 localities in this region. Habit: bubbly coatings Colour: colorless to aqua Fluorescence: green Description: Coatings mostly invisible unless illuminated by SW UV, rarely colored blue-green in daylight and if thick enough has a translucent, fine-grained bubbly appearance. |
| ⓘ Opal var. Hyalite Formula: SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN Formula: SiO2 · nH2O Localities: Reported from at least 50 localities in this region. Habit: bubbly coatings Colour: colorless to aqua Fluorescence: green Description: Coatings mostly invisible unless illuminated by SW UV, rarely colored blue-green in daylight and if thick enough has a translucent, fine-grained bubbly appearance. |
| ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' Localities: |
| ⓘ Oxy-dravite Formula: Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| ⓘ Formula: (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 Locality: State Forest Quarry No. 2 (State Forest #2 Mica Mine; Carini Quarry), Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Colour: colorless Description: "A colorless acicular mineral, found by the author in a vug of messelite, at the State Forest Mine in East Hampton, does not fit the description of any typical species except palermoite. Unfortunately, very little was obtained; an excellent sample was sent away for testing, but was evidently lost" (Schooner 1961). Most likely, this was a very poor guess. |
| ⓘ Palygorskite ? Formula: ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O Localities: Habit: fibrous Colour: white Description: Included in a list of minerals without details. Most likely this fibrous mineral is actually sepiolite. TEM-EDS analysis of a similar sample from the marble in Danbury proved to be sepiolite. |
| ⓘ Paragonite Formula: NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Habit: anhedral Colour: white to gray Description: Sillimanite, collected in a quartz vein through schist, is altered, in a few samples, to a very soft, greasy-feeling, white or gray material. X-ray study indicates a mixture of fine-grained paragonite and subsidiary pyrophyllite. A fingernail easily scratches it. |
| ⓘ Paratacamite ? Formula: Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 Colour: lime green Description: Many of the nantokite crystals were altered in part or entirely to a lime green mineral, which may be paratacamite.
|
| ⓘ Pargasite ? Formula: NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 Locality: Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Colour: bright green Description: Included in lists, with no details. Probably confusion with diopside. |
| ⓘ Parsonsite Formula: Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2 Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: alteration of uraninite Description: Schooner (circa 1985) reports: "A soft uraninite alteration, on a Wesleyan University sample from the Strickland quarry, gave the X-ray pattern of parsonsite. The available material was consumed in testing." |
| ⓘ Pectolite Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: spherical aggregates of radiating acicular crystals Colour: white, light tan Description: "The author was given several fine specimens of radiating white pectolite, with anhydrite and thaumasite, from a road cut, in trap-rock, at Tariffville. The material was very clean, though it has since become tan, and, occurred in extremely hard and non-porous basalt." Schooner (1961). |
| ⓘ Pentlandite Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8 Localities: |
| ⓘ Petalite Formula: LiAl(Si4O10) Localities: Habit: granular to cleavable masses Colour: pale grey to white Description: Schooner (1958) says: "sparingly associated with the pollucite which the author discovered at the Strickland Quarry in Portland in l954. It was in the form of glassy white or colorless cleavages and coarsely crystalline aggregates." Later, in Schooner (circa 1985), he elaborates: "Good specimens of white petalite, closely associated with colorless pollucite, were collected deep in the Strickland quarry, in the early 1950s. The author appears to have the only such material. It is usually granular, so the perfect cleavage is not as conspicuous as might be expected. The petalite was verified by X-ray diffraction. Similar petalite has been found on the dumps, intergrown with spodumene; the spodumene may be thoroughly altered to 'pinite', whereas the petalite, being much more stable, is in a fresh condition." References: |
| ⓘ 'Petroleum' Localities: References: |
| ⓘ 'Petroleum var. Albertite' Localities: References: |
| ⓘ 'Petroleum var. Bitumen' Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region. Habit: amorphous Colour: black Description: amorphous, vitreous masses with conchoidal fracture References: |
| ⓘ Petscheckite ? Formula: UFe(Nb,Ta)2O8 Habit: massive Colour: black Description: Glassy metamict material associated with liandratite and columbite. Data required to substantiate this entry. |
| ⓘ Pharmacosiderite Formula: KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| ⓘ Phenakite Formula: Be2SiO4 Localities: Habit: striated, slightly etched elongated prisms Colour: colorless Description: Clear crystals to 3 mm in vug in cleavalandite with K-rich albite, bertrandite to 5 mm, quartz and goethite after pyrite. |
| ⓘ ' Locality: Thomaston Dam railroad cut, Thomaston Dam, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: This zeolite has the same morphology as harmotome, but according to Tschernich's 1992 "Zeolites of the World", harmotome is typical of lead deposits whereas phillipsite occurs in volcanics. This locality is thus favorable for harmotome. Henderson (1979) analyzed crystals and found that "...microprobe analysis shows the Ba:Si ratio to be 1.2:6, and the amounts of K, Na and Ca to be low. This data fits harmotome perfectly, and is not consistent with either phillipsite or wellsite." |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 24 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Phosphophyllite Formula: Zn2Fe(PO4)2 · 4H2O Colour: green Description: "occurs as a hydrothermal alteration of sphalerite and triphylite, in vugs of messelite, with vivianite, at the State Forest Mine in East Hampton. Very few specimens have been found, and they are small; the crystals are green and quite glassy, the largest being about an eighth of an inch in diameter. The author suspected the identity of this material from the time he discovered it, several years ago, but it was not confirmed until recently. Some of the optical data follows: R. I. 1.615; optical angle 45 degrees, more or less; optic sign negative; birefringence high." (Schooner 1961) |
| ⓘ Phosphuranylite Formula: KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O Localities: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Rock Landing Quarry (Capt. Rohrback Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Case Quarries, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA New England Mining Company Quarry (Roebling Mine; Hewitt's Mine), Upper Merryall, New Milford, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA References: |
| ⓘ Pickeringite Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: reniform crusts Colour: white Description: Schooner (1955) says that it "used to be found in magnificent specimens at the small cut above the main part of the Strickland Quarry. Water from the adjacent Schoonmaker shaft, in flowing over a ledge of schist, decomposed the sulphides and mica, producing this hydrosoluble sulphate in limited abundance when the pumping was halted for a while." In Schooner (1958) he elaborates: "At times, especially when water was being drained down over the ledges, the author saw several square feet of rock surface completely covered with reniform pickeringite. Even leaves and twigs, on the ground below, were incrusted. The color was frequently pure white, and the material was solid enough to obtain in sizeable pieces. A peculiar mass, over an inch thick, was found under an overhanging ledge in the principal part of the quarry." References: |
| ⓘ Piemontite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ Pigeonite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Habit: grains Colour: colorless to white Description: Common accessory in local diabasic and basaltic rocks. |
| ⓘ 'Pinite' Localities: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Schoonmaker Mine, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA State Route 118 Bantam River bridge, Litchfield, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: massive, fine-grained alteration of spodumene Colour: grayish shades of green, yellow, purple Description: Multi-colored alteration pseudomorphs after spodumene, with a soapy feel, like serpentine. Schooner (1958) elaborates: "During the active period at the locality, a bewildering array of 'pinite' specimens were encountered. They were of all colors and resembled jade, petrified wood, and other things. Many were perfect pseudomorphs after the original mineral." References: |
| ⓘ Pitticite ? Formula: (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) Locality: Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Reported by Dick Schooner in Januzzi (1976) but no details provided. |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Formula: Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: Schooner (circa 1985) writes that "A Boston Mineral Club list of Strickland quarry minerals, dating from about 1940, describes planerite as green crusts on fractured quartz. Several pieces of that material, resembling variscite, were collected at the time; unfortunately, none is now available for study." |
| ⓘ Plattnerite Formula: PbO2 Colour: sooty black Description: From Schooner (circa 1980s): "Plattnerite formed a sooty black coating on altered galena, with considerable massicot and litharge, at one of the Middletown lead mines. The identity was established by X-ray study." |
| ⓘ 'Plessite' |
| ⓘ Plumbogummite Formula: PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 Habit: rhombohedral Colour: bluish-green Description: Very microscopic crystals forming crusts on quartz. |
| ⓘ Pollucite Formula: (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O Localities: Walden Gem Quarry, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Casey Quarry (Ridgefield pegmatite), Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Hollister prospects, South Glastonbury, Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Colour: colorless Description: In the lithium mineral zone of the western pegmatite. Masses and cleavages to as much as a foot in length and six to eight inches in width have been recovered. It is closely associated with spodumene crystals, rubellite and other colored lithium tourmalines, caesium beryl, lepidolite, montebrasite, blue and white cleavelandite, and smoky quartz. It has a platy structure or it occurs as fractured masses, the fractures often being filled by dull white chalcedony. |
| ⓘ Powellite Formula: Ca(MoO4) Localities: Habit: powdery Colour: white, yellowish or greenish Description: powdery white, yellowish or greenish material lining vugs, or as excellent plates alternating with plates of molybdenite. |
| ⓘ Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 62 localities in this region. Habit: botryoidal to spherical aggregates of tabular crystals Colour: white, pale yellow to green to blue-green Description: Mostly lining gas vesicles, but the best specimens are floaters known as "hearts" that formed as replacements over now dissolved datolite. These can reach over 15 cm. |
| ⓘ Pseudomalachite ? Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ 'Pumpellyite Group' Formula: Ca2XZ2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A Localities: O & G Southbury Quarry (Silliman Quarry; O & G No. 2 Quarry), Orenaug Hills, Woodbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Roncari Quarry, East Granby, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA O & G Woodbury Traprock Quarry (Orenaug Quarry; O & G No. 1 Quarry), Orenaug Hills, Woodbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Interstate 691 and State Route 10 Interchange, Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA Habit: microfibrous, botryoidal, bowtie aggergates Colour: dark olive green, blue-green, black Description: The group includes pumpellyite series and julgoldite series. The former usually lines cavities while that latter may form late on top of other minerals. Few specimens are differentiated by analyses, however. References: |
| ✪ Pumpellyite-(Mg) Formula: Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O Habit: fibrous micro-crystals Colour: dark olive green Description: Based on the chemical formula given in Garabedian (1998), the species is pumpellyite-(Mg). Few specimens have been confirmed by analyses to differentiate it from several other possible pumpellyite group minerals. One of the first minerals to crystallize in vesicles, so is typically present between later minerals and the basalt matrix, a second stage crystallization came after early calcite, anhydrite, chalcedony, a trapezohedral zeolite, and datolite and so may coat or replace these minerals. May by itself fill entire vesicles. |
| ⓘ 'Pumpellyite Subgroup' Formula: Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Purpurite Formula: Mn3+(PO4) Localities: Habit: encrustations, coatings Colour: purple Description: "Supergene alteration resulted in the formation of manganese oxide and purpurite from lithiophilite" Shainin (1946). Yale collection has a few specimens that show purple coating on black exterior of altered lithiophilite nodules. References: |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 152 localities in this region. Habit: pyritohedral and in combination with cube Colour: pale brassy Description: Excellent striated to smooth-faced pyritohedrons up to several cm across, commonly in aggregates, embedded in siderite and sphalerite |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group' Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z Localities: Hale Quarry (Andrews Quarry; Glastonbury Quarry), Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Case Quarries, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Slocum prospect, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Colour: yellow Description: Bruce Jarnot did find and confirm pyrochlore from the Hale Quarry. The single specimen was an aggregate of tapiolite crystals about 0.5 inches that had altered 50% to pyrochlore. It resembled a hard yellow marble that, when split, showed the remains of tapiolite xls in the center. The IDs were made by EDX (element ratios) and X-ray unit crystal pattern. |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)' Formula: (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) Description: Specimen in Andrew Kruegel collection identified by SEM-EDS. |
| ⓘ Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 Localities: Reported from at least 26 localities in this region. Habit: massive, botryoidal or as lustrous tabular crystals to 3mm in pockets in goethite. Colour: black Description: According to Schairer (1931): "Occurs crystallized (probably pseudomorphous) at Salisbury and Kent, also as aggregates of coarse columnar grains or needles or as coatings on limonite. The quality of the iron produced at the iron mines of northwestern Connecticut was due to the presence of this mineral in the ore." |
| ⓘ Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region. Habit: radiating groups of elongated prismatic Colour: green Description: Fine green crystals, some of which comprise radiating groups. Schooner (1961) describes "beautiful specimens...These are equally small, compared with pyromorphite from classical localities, but they are clean and quite attractive. Some show the mineral, associated with wulfenite crystals, in vugs of pegmatite, near ore veins; others have pyromorphite filling seams in green and purple fluorite." |
| ⓘ Formula: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: |
| ⓘ Pyrophanite Formula: Mn2+TiO3 Habit: tabular Colour: dark red to black Description: "Very small brilliant tabular crystals, looking black through dark red under strong magnification, are commonly embedded in tephroite, kutnohorite, pyroxymangite, and spessartine from the Jail Hill quarry. Studies at the USGS and the University of Michigan have confirmed the identification." |
| ⓘ Pyrophyllite Formula: Al2Si4O10(OH)2 Localities: Description: Sillimanite, collected in a quartz vein through schist, is altered, in a few samples, to a very soft, greasy-feeling, white or gray material. X-ray study indicates a mixture of fine-grained paragonite and subsidiary pyrophyllite. A fingernail easily scratches it. |
| ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Pyroxmangite Formula: Mn2+SiO3 Habit: cleavable masses Colour: pink Description: Bustamite and pyroxmangite occurred at the Jail Hill quarry; one light pink, with spessartine and dolomite; the other a deeper pink, and with a more fibrous cleavage, associated with tephroite and yellow spessartine. X-ray patterns were carefully studied and spectrographic tests made. Only a few rich specimens were found. Earlier, both of these minerals had been dismissed as "rhodonite". |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Localities: Reported from at least 40 localities in this region. Habit: tabular pseudohexagonal Colour: bronzy Description: A rare accessory mineral of the open vein assemblage. Euhedral crystals to 1.5 cm very rare in Connecticut - this may be the only such locality. |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 400 localities in this region. Habit: Tessin habit, scepters, reverse scepters Colour: colorless to white, smoky Description: A very common mineral in the open vein assemblage (and an accessory in the host metagabbro). Mostly small <1-1.5 cm crystals with wide variety of complex forms, Tessin and scepters, reverse scepters and combinations. Many are doubly-terminated. Larger crystals can reach up to 7 cm and are typically Tessin habit showing the various steep positive rhombohedra, such as {20bar21}, {30bar31} and {50bar53} and their negative equivalents {03bar32}, {02bar21}, {03bar31} and {05bar53}. References: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Agate Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Colour: Typical (for the Orenaug Basalt) bands of white, blue-gray, smoky brown. References: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 46 localities in this region. Habit: scepters Colour: purple Description: hoppered, complex scepters on milky quartz to 9 cm |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Blue Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Carnelian Localities: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 33 localities in this region. Habit: banded fortification agate Colour: blue, white to gray Description: Formed early in the paragenesis, typically lining vesicle walls as blue to gray fortification agate, encrusted by fine-grained, white chalky-looking quartz or quartz crystal druses. Commonly pseudomorphed by quartz, datolite, pumpellyite. May encrust "water level" calcite wafers. References: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine Formula: SiO2 Localities: Description: Schooner (1958): "Citrine, of fine gem quality, was formerly found at the Strickland Quarry, and a few stones were facetted from it... evidently the “topaz” which some people say was taken from there." References: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Ferruginous Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Milky Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Habit: short to elongated prisms, scepter overgrowths Colour: milky white Description: Voids of all sizes host subparallel, prismatic quartz on the walls, which grew from grains in the brecciated quartzite. Crystals can be colorless and clear or milky with parasitic "corn-cob" crystals. Scepter overgrowths also occur. Crystals can reach 8 cm. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal Formula: SiO2 Localities: Habit: large distorted crystals and delicate elongated micro-crystals Colour: colorless Description: Large blocky, distorted crystals that are overgrowths on earlier fragmented quartz can be colorless, though they are typically smoky. In vugs with secondary minerals such as K-rich albite, bertrandite, micas, cookeite, etc., it occurs as delicate, glassy, doubly-terminated microcrystals sometimes in spindly aggregates. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rutilated Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Sard Formula: SiO2 Colour: deep red, bluish red, and yellow Description: Found as loose rocks in glacial till. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Sardonyx Formula: SiO2 Colour: deep red, bluish red, and yellow Description: Found as loose rocks in glacial till. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 74 localities in this region. Habit: hexagonal prisms with rhombohedral terminations, sometimes flattened or etched, or oddly shaped overgrowths on earlier fragments Colour: pale gray to black, brown Description: Besides being a major component of the pegmatite matrix in general, where it is massive, it is abundant in miarolitic cavities as euhedral crystals. Some show phantoms or inclusions of schernikite fibers and elbaite and some are encrusted with cookeite blebs or show surface pit scars where cookeite was naturally removed. One 1.8-meter pocket contained nothing but jet-black smoky quartz crystals up to 14 cm in length. Etched crystals or oddly-shaped overgrowths on earlier fragments of quartz also known. Beautiful, doubly terminated crystals are often penetrated by elbaite. "One of these crystals, very flat and with several tourmalines inclosed, was worn as a watch-charm by the son of M. P. Gillette. This crystal in its natural state has as fine a polish as though it had just come from the lapidary's hand." (Davis, 1901). References: |
| ⓘ Rammelsbergite ? Formula: NiAs2 Locality: Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Reported by Dick Schooner in Januzzi (1976) p. 235, no details provided. |
| ⓘ Realgar ? Formula: As4S4 Description: According to an unconfirmed report by Schooner (circa 1980s), very sparingly associated with arsenopyrite. |
| ⓘ Reddingite (TL) Formula: (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O Localities: Habit: bipyramidal, pseudo-octahedral - in tiny pockets in massive material Colour: pale rose-pink to yellowish-white, sometimes brown Description: From the type material description in Brush and Dana (1878): "Reddingite occurs sparingly in minute octahedral crystals; belonging to the orthorhombic system. It is also found more generally massive with granular structure; it is associated with dickinsonite, and sometimes with triploidite. As compared with the other species which have been described it is a decidedly rare mineral. The massive mineral shows a distinct cleavage in one plane...crystals are occasionally coated dark from surface alteration" Difficult to distinguish from pink hureaulite or yellowish fillowite. References: |
| ✪ Rhabdophane-(La) (TL) Formula: La(PO4) · H2O Type Locality: Habit: botryoidal to stalagtitic Colour: brownish to pale yellow-white, pinkish |
| ✪ Rhabdophane-(Nd) (TL) Formula: Nd(PO4) · H2O Type Locality: Habit: botryoidal to stalagtitic Colour: brownish to pale yellow-white, pinkish |
| ⓘ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 Localities: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Schoonmaker Mine, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Jail Hill Road locality (Jail Hill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: cleavable masses Colour: white to pink Description: Associated with eosphorite, dickinsonite, triploidite, quartz, also included in lithiophilite. Also chabazite, quartz, and fluorapatite crystallized in cavities in rhodochrosite associated with clove-brown lithiophilite, quartz, apatite, and dickinsonite. Typically with black alteration crust. References: |
| ⓘ Rhodonite Formula: CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] Localities: Description: An historical error. May have been confused with thulite, which has been found in calc-silicate rocks (in Haddam) within the Collins Hill formation that hosts the western pegmatites in this area. |
| ⓘ Rockbridgeite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 Localities: Habit: stains and encrustations Colour: dark greenish-black to black Description: Mostly as thin crusts and stains in matrix near triphylite pods and as a black rind around the pods, associated with vivianite. "found intimately associated with vivianite where it occurs in small greenish black masses, and in stalactitic form with a radial fibrous structure. The surface of the incrustations are composed of indistinct microcrystallized individuals of rockbridgeite" Januzzi and Seaman (1976) |
| ⓘ Romanèchite Formula: (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 Habit: botryoidal Colour: very dark brown to black Description: As masses with conchoidal fracture and black streak in quartz with azurite and malachite. Analyzed 2016 by Peter Cristofono and Tom Mortimer using EDS. Closest other analytical possibility is hollandite, which has a slightly higher Ba:Mn ratio, and doesn't match the physical properties of this material as well as romanechite does. |
| ⓘ Rosasite Formula: (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 Localities: Habit: micro duses to radiating acicular aggregates Colour: pale blue Description: Henderson (1967) reports: found in several habits. Druses of very small, pale blue, velvety crystals were common; on occasion, the larger crystals of acicular habit formed radiating aggregates. A few single crystals were noted: these formed tapering prisms with wedge shape terminations. An occasional arborescent group of crystals was noted (Fig. 4). The rosasite tended to be further from copper and cuprite than either the nantokite or atacamite and often occurred in the seams of half-consumed coke.
The material was identified as rosasite by its color, crystal form and positive test for carbonate and negative test for sulfate. Its optical properties were those of rosasite. It was distinguished from the high-zinc end member of the series, aurichalcite, by its color, aurichalcite tend¬ing toward green.
|
| ⓘ Roscherite ? Formula: Ca2Mn2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O Description: Needs verification because of lack of data. May be greifensteinite described after the reference date. |
| ⓘ Rozenite Formula: FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ Formula: (UO2)CO3 Locality: North Street mall, Danbury, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: Speculation. |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 40 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite Formula: (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 Localities: References: |
| ⓘ Safflorite ? Formula: (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 Locality: Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Reported by Dick Schooner in Januzzi (1976) p. 235, no details provided. |
| ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) Formula: YFe3+Nb2O8 Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region. Habit: radiating to subparallel prismatic groups with dome terminations Colour: black Description: Crystals usually in aggregates (up to 15 cm) typically well terminated but very brittle and easily damaged due to incipient fractures and metamict nature. Fractures conchoidally with lustrous, pitch-black surface. Commonly associated with columbite-(Fe) that has a duller luster especially on the fracture face. Coated with clays from altered surrounding feldspars that are reddish colored, and thin muscovite, both can be removed with micro-blasting using soft abrasive. |
| ⓘ Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Locality: Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: confusion with pumpellyite |
| ⓘ Sarcolite Formula: Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) Habit: fibrous Colour: white Description: According to Januzzi and Seaman (1976), X-ray studies were conducted by Professor Horace Winchell at the mineralogical laboratories at Yale. Associated with triphylite and vivianite. Under the microscope appears as tiny masses of matted fibers and exceedingly fine crystals. |
| ⓘ 'Scapolite' Localities: Reported from at least 37 localities in this region. Habit: radiating acicular Colour: white, pale to dark green Description: A large amount of material was found by Mike Otto in 2010. It was originally thought to be Tremolite but testing of a piece of material collected by David Bernstein ( Testing- Bart Cannon) revealed it to be Scapolite References: |
| ⓘ Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region. Colour: White to Honey Yellow Fluorescence: Light Blue Description: Excellent crystals of this scheelite are well-known among New England collectors. Primary Tungsten-bearing mineral from the locality. Occasionally, one may find a Wolframite after Scheelite crystal. References: |
| ⓘ Schorl Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 116 localities in this region. Habit: elongated prisms Colour: black Description: Typically as large subhedral prisms in pegmatite matrix and as small scattered crystals in contacting schist. Can reach several inches in cross-section. Some concentrically overgrown by blue-green and olive-green elbaite. Schooner (1958) reports: "Enormous black crystals, occasionally well developed, were encountered in considerable profusion during the operation of the quarry in 1952 and 1953. They were embedded in cleavelandite, with manganapatite and spodumene; the point of origin in the pegmatite was a tunnel, perhaps two hundred feet below the surface." |
| ⓘ Scolecite Formula: CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Habit: botryoidal crusts, pyramidal microcrystals Colour: pale-green, violet-pink Description: "in botryoidal crusts that are almost sub-translucent" associated with arsenolite (Januzzi 1976); "Common as pale-green masses resulting from the decomposition of arsenopyrite" (Schairer 1931) Very rare violet-pink microcrystals embedded in matrix. |
| ⓘ Scorzalite ? Formula: Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 Locality: Rock Landing Quarry (Capt. Rohrback Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Colour: blue Description: "Several lean examples of scorzalite and siderite, labeled "Rock Landing quarry", came from the Charles Thomas collection. They had been obtained when the locality was active in the late 1930s. The scorzalite, erroneously called "vivianite" on the label, is of a rich blue color and partly crystallized. The X-ray pattern suggests a composition somewhere between scorzalite and lazulite. A little augelite is intergrown." Schooner (circa 1980s). |
| ⓘ Sepiolite Formula: Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O Localities: Habit: fibrous mats Colour: white to pale gray-brown Description: Found as a thin layer sandwiched between opposing calcite crystals. Analyzed in 2017 via TEM-EDS. Januzzi (1994) incorrectly called it palygorskite and includes a photo. References: |
| ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. Colour: white, yellow, green Description: massive, variegated |
| ✪ 'Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn Habit: columnar Colour: pale green Description: In parallel veins up to 5 cm thick cross-cutting lizardite. |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 24 localities in this region. Habit: rhombohedrons Colour: tan to light brown Description: Typically as cleavable masses, some lustrous, curved rhombohedral crystals are found in small cavities or frozen in quartz References: |
| ⓘ Sillénite ? Formula: Bi12SiO20 Locality: Rock Landing Quarry (Capt. Rohrback Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: coating Colour: white or yellowish Description: According to Schooner (circa 1980s) a "thin white or yellowish coating on bismuthinite crystals" may be this mineral. Needs confirmation.
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| ⓘ Sillimanite (TL) Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Localities: Reported from at least 34 localities in this region. Type Locality: Chester, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA |
| ⓘ Silver Formula: Ag Localities: State Route 25 road cuts, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Bristol Copper Mine, Bristol, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Lane's Mine (Lane's Lead and Silver Mine; Elm Street), Monroe, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Description: trace amounts associated with acanthite |
| ⓘ Formula: CoAs3 Locality: Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: "Shepard [1837] initially identified the Co-Ni bearing arsenide as the cubic di-arsenide, smaltite but after obtaining and studying additional material from his own mine he pronounced it to be a new orthorhombic tri-arsenide for which he proposed the name "Chathamite"....In the mid 1850s Genth (in Goodrich, 1854) questioned Shepard's identification and suggested that Chathamite was simply an iron rich variety of the cubic arsenide chloanthite (a misconception that perpetuated up to, and including, the 7th edition of Dana's Manual of Mineralogy). As it turns out, Shepard's Chathamite is indeed orthorhombic, but today would be classified as a nickel-cobalt rich loellingite." Gray (2005) |
| ⓘ Smithsonite Formula: ZnCO3 Localities: Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Old lead mine, Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Middletown lead mines (Middletown Mine), Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Thomaston Dam railroad cut, Thomaston Dam, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) References: |
| ⓘ 'Soapstone' Localities: |
| ⓘ Sodalite Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl Locality: State Route 9 and State Route 81 Interchange, Higganum, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Colour: white Description: Much altered to zeolites. |
| ⓘ Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reported from at least 25 localities in this region. Habit: trapezohedral modified by the hexoctahedron and dodecahedron Colour: dark red to orange-red to yellowish-orange Description: Mostly massive, cherty looking with conchoidal fracture, hundreds of pounds have been recovered; the small crystals, which range from microscopic up to a half of an inch in diameter, are of a brighter orange-red color. Most of the small crystals show the trapezohedron as the dominant crystal form modified by the hexoctahedron. Some show the trapezohedron modified by both the hexoctahedron and the dodecahedron. Associated with quartz, bustamite-pyroxmangite-alleghanyite, tephroite, actinolite. Confirmed as spessartine using XRD, XRF and Raman spectroscopy. One of the few bona-fide spessartine localities in Connecticut. References: |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Localities: Reported from at least 55 localities in this region. Habit: pagoda-like polysynthetic twins on (111) resulting in pseudo-hexagonal "prisms" with re-entrant striae Colour: dark reddish-brown, dark brown, black Description: In hydrothermal fault veins associated with barite, calcite, fluorite, galena, pyrite, quartz, and zeolites. Pete Dunn analyzed crystals in 1973: “It has been said that the wurtzite from Thomaston Dam, Connecticut, was of a type that changed to sphalerite under the crushing necessary for a powder x-ray photo. This thought intrigued me and I checked it out by taking a regular powder photo after crushing the sample in the usual fashion, and then took another x-ray using the Gandolfi camera which gives powder photos from single crystals. Result — both photos perfect sphalerite patterns, and identical" (Yedlin, 1973a). Henderson (1979) showed diagrams of sphalerite crystals epitaxial on supposed wurtzite, and the other way around, with a (0001) (pinacoidal) face of "wurtzite" matching a (111) (tetrahedral) face of sphalerite. In any case, the crystals from this locality, commonly labeled "wurtzite" appear to be polysynthetically twinning, combined positive and negative tetrahedra of sphalerite on a 6-sided (111) face. Note the re-entrant angles that circumscribe the "prisms" of these crystals, which are indicative of twinning. References: |
| ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 Localities: Habit: octahedral Description: "Mr. Cornish states that the limestone ledge is on the land of Mr. Ralph Crissy, near a spring southeast of his house, associated with hard gneiss, granite and some hornblendic rocks, which have in general a high eastward dip; and that it afforded him octahedrons of spinel (some of them half an inch across), together with a little chondrodite. The outcrop is only 15 yards long and 20 wide" |
| ⓘ Spodumene Formula: LiAlSi2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region. Habit: subhedral prisms, flattened parallel to a {100}, with dome terminations Colour: white to peach Description: rarely as gemmy kunzite, usually white. The prisms average 1 foot long, 6 inches wide and 3/4 inch thick but can reach up to 3 or 4 feet long and 8 to 9 inches thick. Much of it is altered to an albite/eucryptite parallel intergrowth mixture, to "cymatolite" (a parallel intergrowth mixture or albite and muscovite), to granular microcline, or to massive albite and muscovite - or a progressive combination of these replacements. |
| ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite Formula: LiAlSi2O6 Localities: Habit: generally broad or flat, and comparatively thin; well terminated by dome Colour: rose-pink or amethystine-purple Description: Usually in the unaltered core of externally altered cyrstals and only very rarely transparent. |
| ⓘ Spurrite Formula: Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Colour: bluish-gray Description: Schooner (circa 1985): "In some of the wollastonite pods at the Strickland quarry, bluish-gray spurrite occurs as very thin layers with grossularite and larnite. X-ray confirmation was obtained from a number of samples. Spurrite also is mixed with the granular wollastonite and its embedded minute gehlenite crystals; only X-ray peaks revealed its presence in that material." Studied by Waldemar T. Schaller of USGS. |
| ⓘ Staurolite Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) Localities: Reported from at least 43 localities in this region. Habit: elongated prisms, penetration twins Colour: dark brown Description: Crystals reach about 3 cm long, but typically around 1 cm. |
| ⓘ Stellerite ? Formula: Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O Localities: State Route 8 exit 37, Watertown, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Thomaston Dam railroad cut, Thomaston Dam, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Goodwin Dam (Hogback Dam), Hartland, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) O & G Woodbury Traprock Quarry (Orenaug Quarry; O & G No. 1 Quarry), Orenaug Hills, Woodbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Habit: bowties and sheaf aggregates Colour: orange Description: This specimen https://www.mindat.org/photo-618484.html was analyzed by SEM-EDS and showed no more than a trace of Na or K, making it a good candidate for stellerite, although this method alone is not definitive. Stellerite cannot be visually distinguished from stilbite-Ca. References: |
| ⓘ Stewartite ? Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Colour: pale yellow Description: According to Schooner (circa 1985) occurs as tiny yellow crystals in altered hureaulite. Specimens of hureaulite from the dump bulldozed in 1984 show small areas of a yellow alteration, possibly stewartite. So far an SEM-EDS analysis (2017) of yellow grains in lithiophilite have proven to be natrophilite. |
| ⓘ Stibnite ? Formula: Sb2S3 Localities: |
| ⓘ Stilbite-Ca Formula: NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. Habit: tabular elongated or in wheat sheave crystal aggregates Colour: tan, pale yellow to yellow-orange Description: In 2018, two specimens were analyzed via SEM-EDS and were determined to be probably stilbite-Ca www.mindat.org/photo-492320.html (as opposed to stellerite) and possibly stellerite www.mindat.org/photo-768454.html, which cannot be visually differentiated. References: |
| ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup' Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O Localities: Reported from at least 61 localities in this region. Habit: tabular, wheat-sheaf and bow tie aggregates Colour: white, tan, yellow-orange Description: Late-forming crystals on prehnite or quartz to 2 cm, with other zeolites and apophyllite. |
| ⓘ Stilpnomelane Formula: (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Habit: flaky aggregates Colour: gray-brown Description: As pearly gray-brown microcrystalline aggregates on quartz. References: |
| ⓘ Strengite Formula: FePO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Strunzite Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O Habit: radiating acicular needles and fibers Colour: golden to yellow-orange Description: "occurs as typical aggregates of golden fibers, associated with [messelite] and siderite, as well as sulfides....The strunzite is rare, and no more than half a dozen specimens have been secured...and none of them could be described as of outstanding quality. The identity of this material was confirmed by Clifford Frondel of Harvard University." (Schooner 1958) Associated with triphylite secondaries. |
| ⓘ Sulphur Formula: S8 Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. References: |
| ⓘ Formula: Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
| ⓘ Sylvanite ? Formula: AgAuTe4 Locality: Lane's Mine (Lane's Lead and Silver Mine; Elm Street), Monroe, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Description: "supposedly occurs" |
| ⓘ 'Synchysite' Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| ⓘ 'Synchysite Group' Locality: South Main Street construction site, Torrington (Wolcottville), Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: tabular hexagonal Colour: chalky white Description: Microcrystalline aggregates in thin Alpine clefts. |
| ⓘ Synchysite-(Y) Formula: CaY(CO3)2F Habit: aggregates of hexagonal plates Colour: white (due to alteration) Description: Micro-crystals with adularia, anatase, quartz in thin alpine clefts. |
| ⓘ Szomolnokite Formula: FeSO4 · H2O Localities: |
| ⓘ Taenite Formula: (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 31 localities in this region. Habit: fibrous. massive, as steatite. Colour: gray-green Description: As fibers intergrown with radiating spheres of fibrous talc. Confirmed in 2016 using EDS and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) zone patterns. Rarely found as steatite. |
| ⓘ Talc var. Steatite Formula: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ 'Tantalite' Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe) Formula: Fe2+Ta2O6 Localities: Habit: rectangular prismatic Colour: black with bluish iridescence Description: One columbite-tantalite crystal (https://www.mindat.org/photo-275489.html) suspected from its high SG of being tantalite was analyzed by SEM-EDS and found to be tantalite-(Fe). There may be more as each crystal would need to be tested to confirm and few have been. References: |
| ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6 Localities: Walden Gem Quarry, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Anderson No. 1 Mica Mine (Swanson Mine; Swanson Lithia Mine; Old Lithia Mine; Chatham Lithia Mine), East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: subhedral; highly modified, flattened, and distorted Colour: red-brown, reddish orange Description: occurs as small browish-red to reddish-orange, and orange-brown, highly modified, flattened, and distorted crystals to about two inches in length. They are often partially or completely embedded in spodumene cleavelandite, lepidolite, or quartz. A characteristic occurrence is as small crystals grown upon or near to the outer surfaces of spodumene crystals, or partially enclosed within them but projecting above the edges of the spodumene crystals. The flattened tantalite crystals look very much like flattened crystals of zircon but an x-ray powder photograph revealed that they are tantalite. |
| ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) Formula: Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 Habit: subhedral grains Colour: dark brown Description: Semi-quantitative data from SEM/EDS analyzed using the method of Ercit (2005). |
| ⓘ 'Tapiolite' Formula: (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 Locality: Hale Quarry (Andrews Quarry; Glastonbury Quarry), Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Bruce Jarnot did find and confirm tapiolite from the Hale Quarry. There were two specimens, one a complex crystal group (about 0.5 inches) and the other a similar size group that had altered 50% to pyrochlore. It resembled a hard yellow marble that, when split, showed the remains of tapiolite xls in the center. The IDs were made by EDX (element ratios) and X-ray unit crystal pattern.
|
| ✪ Tapiolite-(Fe) Formula: Fe2+Ta2O6 Locality: Nathan Hall Quarry (Clark Hill Quarry), East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: Complex, twinned short prisms or pyramidal tetragonal. Colour: black Description: Three specimens are known, with very similar with crystals about 3-4 cm, in quartz, albite and/or muscovite. Two are complexly crystallized apparently twinned, that somewhat resemble garnets, but of course black and submetallic. Other than one specimen from the Hale Quarry, this is the only known Connecticut location for this mineral. An additional three specimens were collected in the 1980's by David Busha but remained unidentified until 2019. |
| ⓘ Formula: Te Locality: Lane's Mine (Lane's Lead and Silver Mine; Elm Street), Monroe, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: A careful reading of Silliman (1819a, 1819b, 1819c) indicates the tellurium was not native but chemically extracted from ferberite, which was also not from Monroe, but from the unique ferberite after scheelite deposit in Trumbull also worked by Ephraim Lane. Their origin was cleared up by Hitchcock and Silliman (1826).
Januzzi misreads Silliman and mentions "tellurides" in his publications. Because the ferberite crystals from Lane's Mine of Trumbull have the shape of scheelite crystals (they are pseudomorphs with which he had no experience and was quite perplexed by) he thought he had a new mineral with tellurium in it. Silliman never mentions tellurides and his extraction of tellurium from ferberite has never been replicated. |
| ⓘ Tephroite Formula: Mn2+2SiO4 Habit: anhedral Colour: tan, brown, dark brown Description: Reported by Dick Schooner. Specimens mostly are pure masses of anhedral grains, or scattered grains associated with bustamite and spessartine, all with black staining. According to Schooner:
"Several bodies of more complex mineralogy, within the spessartine, consisted for the most part of brownish tephroite, intimately intergrown with dolomite and kutnohorite, as well as yellow spessartine, alleghanyite, jacobsite, pyrophanite, etc. A few solid dark gray resinous-looking cleavages, up to an inch, were obtained. The main concentration was eventually removed as a boulder, over two feet in diameter, which may well hold the world's record for toughness; it took the author two days of steady pounding to reduce it!" |
| ⓘ Tetrataenite Formula: FeNi |
| ⓘ Thaumasite Formula: Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O Localities: |
| ⓘ Thorite Formula: Th(SiO4) Localities: North Street mall, Danbury, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Connecticut Yankee atomic power plant, Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Simpson Quarry (Wiarda Quarry), South Glastonbury, Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Danburite type locality, Danbury, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Habit: anhedral grains Colour: dark brown to brownish black Description: "as anhedral (without external faces) grains and small masses having a dark brown to brownish black color and vitreous to resinous luster. Because of the anhedral nature of the material I should strongly suspect the thorite to be of the uranothorite variety. The samples sent to Dr. Brian Mason for confirmation clearly demonstrated that they were almost metamict, with a refractive index of about 1.78, and gave good X-ray patterns of thorite after heating for about two hours at 1100 degrees. The thorite occurs here intimately associated with quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, amphibole, sphene, zircon and biotite. Regular and irregular distribution of color areas ranging from orange to yellow material of varying luster occurs in many of the hand specimens containing apparently unaltered thorite." Januzzi (1976). Januzzi (1994) includes a photo. Thorite grains, in coarse-grained albite with minor zircon, reach about 1 cm. References: |
| ⓘ Formula: (Th,Ca2)SiO4 · 3.5H2O Locality: North Street mall, Danbury, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA - erroneously reported Description: Speculation. |
| ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite Formula: (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x Localities: Colour: pale yellow Description: Specimen in the collection of Andrew Kruegel identified by SEM-EDS. References: |
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Localities: Reported from at least 55 localities in this region. Habit: rectangular, tabular prisms Colour: yellow-green Description: Schooner (1961) states: "Golden crystals, up to a couple of inches across, and fairly thick, have been collected, by the author, at the Mansfield Hollow Dam; they accompany hornblende." |
| ⓘ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard) Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ Todorokite ? Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O Colour: black Description: Reportedly one of the black Mn-rich alteration crusts. |
| ⓘ Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region. Habit: equant or flattened with multiple terminal forms Colour: colorless to pale blue, orange (altered) Description: First found in the mid-1950s and so often unrecognized in earlier collections, topaz occurs rarely as equant, rhombic cross-section crystals up to 1 cm in the cavities or more commonly up to 5.6 cm embedded in quartz-albite-muscovite matrix. Greasy, orange-brown crystals are partially or wholly altered to muscovite and were earlier mistaken for "pinite" pseudomorphs after spodumene. References: |
| ⓘ Torbernite Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. Description: Dick Schooner reports (via Betts, 1999) good crystals found here, but that may be in allusion to Foye (1922), who is actually referring to an alternate name for the Howe #1 quarry. References: |
| ⓘ 'Tourmalinated Quartz' |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Reported from at least 52 localities in this region. Habit: elongated, striated, trigonal prisms capped by pinacoids or rhombohedra Colour: black to green, rarely pink to colorless, with yellow, pink, pale green, blue terminations Description: See comments under elbaite and schorl. |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Brack Gem prospect (Brack prospect), East Glastonbury, Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA Schoonmaker Mine, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Walden Gem Quarry, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry), Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: elongated prisms Colour: red to pink Description: typically with blue color "cap" on the pedion References: |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Verdelite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Schoonmaker Mine, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA References: |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Habit: unterminated, elongated prisms Colour: pink core, pale green rims Description: In the mineralized core zone. References: |
| ⓘ Tremolite Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 37 localities in this region. Habit: Primary - bladed, pseudomorphs after diopside are flattened short to elongated prisms Colour: white, pale gray, pale green Fluorescence: light blue-gray under SW Description: As primary crystal to 15 cm as individual crystals or even larger as parallel to fan-shaped aggregates, or as pseudomorphs after diopside (originally called canaanite) to 10 cm. |
| ⓘ Tridymite ? Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Triphylite Formula: LiFe2+PO4 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Triphylite var. Ferrisicklerite Formula: Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4 Localities: Description: sparingly with the triphylite References: |
| ⓘ Triplite Formula: Mn2+2(PO4)F Localities: Anderson No. 1 Mica Mine (Swanson Mine; Swanson Lithia Mine; Old Lithia Mine; Chatham Lithia Mine), East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: massive Colour: reddish to maroon Description: As irregular masses, commonly in bunches intergrown with blue elbaite and dark purple lepidolite and hosted by cleavelandite/elbaite/quartz. Tan alteration rind around the edges is probably hydroxylapatite (see below) and Schooner reports finding hureaulite. These minerals are characteristic of alteration from primary lithiophilite but none has ever been reported, so it is difficult to say if the triplite is primary. Masses of garnet may appear similar, but are harder and show a network of rhombic etch patterns on fracture surfaces. Descriptions from the literature are below:
Shannon (1920) - "bunches and masses up to several inches across of a flesh red to brownish red material resembling massive garnet, which upon analysis proves to be triplite...In places the triplite has oxidized to a black manganese oxide, which stains the cleavelandite."
Foye (1922) - "intimately intergrown with a dark blue, massive tourmaline".
Schooner (1958) – "Large masses, up to a foot square, occurred in a mixture of that mineral and cleavelandite. The author was fortunate in securing a large specimen of completely fresh material from a weathered boulder on the oldest dump. Most examples show what are probably crude crystals, bordered with blue tourmaline. Much of the triplite is altered to a cellular tan mineral which has not been thoroughly identified. One piece, evidently from deep in the pegmatite, has undergone a more complex alteration to a foliated dull green substance…negatively identified as not being dickinsonite. Such material could easily be confused with chloritized garnet. Indeed, the fresh triplite resembles massive garnet; its comparative softness and its cleavages should distinguish it. Mary E. Mrose x-rayed this triplite for the author and found it to give a characteristic pattern. E. V. Shannon, who originally described the occurrence in 1920, gave the following analysis: calcium oxide 3.18, magnesium oxide 0.58, iron oxide 4.95, manganese oxide 52.40, phosphorous oxide 32.81, fluorine 9.09, water 0.35, and remainder 1.17. The specific gravity of the sample was 3.58."
Schooner (1961) - "Reddish-brown cleavages, bordered with blue tourmaline, definitely identified as such, were apparently quite common in the original lepidolite pit, where that mineral, together with quartz and cleavelandite, occurred as coarse intergrowths. The author found a solid mass, over six inches across, in the old dump there; some of the triplite bodies must easily have been a foot in diameter. In many cases, the triplite is partially or completely altered to a granular yellow or tan mineral; x-ray study proves this to be apatite, of a surprisingly normal kind. This work was done by Peacor."
|
| ✪ Triploidite (TL) Formula: Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) Type Locality: Habit: divergent to parallel-fibrous to columnar crystalline aggregates, compact, massive. rarely prismatic Colour: yellowish to reddish-brown, topaz- to wine-yellow, hyacinth-red Description: mostly columnar, fibrous, radiating, rare isolated but typically vitreous and transparent crystals to a length of an inch or more. Associated with quartz and the other Mn phosphates and rhododchrosite. |
| ⓘ Troilite Formula: FeS |
| ⓘ Tungstenite ? Formula: WS2 Localities: Colour: Dark-Metallic Description: Very rare microcrystals possibly of this mineral occasionally found in marble. Analyses needed.
This ID is very doubtful given that the only report of tungstenite (a rare alteration of scheelite or ferberite) from the adjacent Old Mine Park by Schairer (1931) (a summary of other information) is almost certainly a misspelling of tungstite. The scheelite (or ferberite) is restricted to the amphibolite and does not occur in the marble. These could be primary ferberite micro-crystals (see photos). References: |
| ⓘ Tungstite (TL) Formula: WO3 · H2O Localities: Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Old Mine Plaza construction site, Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Type Locality: Old Mine Park (Old Tungsten Mine), Long Hill, Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: massive Colour: orange-yellow, chrome yellow, yellowish gray Description: An alteration of ferberite pseudomorphs after sheelite, coating and occupying cavities in these crystals from the upper mine pit. Looks like "broken sulfur". Very little of this material has been found since the mid-19th century as the highly weathered portion of the outcrop worked then by Charles Lane has long been removed by subsequent mining. Originally and incorrectly attributed to Lane's mine in Monroe, neither ferberite pseudomorphs after scheelite, nor scheelite occur there and so the type locality for this mineral is actually here. |
| ⓘ Tyuyamunite Formula: Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2O |
| ⓘ Uraninite Formula: UO2 Localities: Reported from at least 40 localities in this region. Habit: octahedral Colour: Black |
| ⓘ 'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)' Formula: (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 Localities: Habit: dipyramidal Colour: very dark brown to black Description: Reportedly analyzed by Schooner. Identified by Bruce Jarnot (personal communication 2011) by: 1) euhedral microlite dipyramid crystal form, 2) strong uranium peak in its EDX spectrum, 3) strongly radioactive.
Associations and properties of anhedral grains are similar to that of analyzed tanteuxenite-(Y) and could prove to be this mineral. |
| ⓘ Uranophane Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O Localities: Reported from at least 25 localities in this region. Description: fine examples |
| ⓘ Vanadinite ? Formula: Pb5(VO4)3Cl Description: "In the [Marcelle and Charles] Weber collection, the author saw a specimen of oxidized metallic minerals, from the Thomaston Dam railroad cut, containing tiny brown prisms of what may be the endlichite variety of this mineral. This remains in the problematical category." Schooner (1961) |
| ⓘ Vandendriesscheite Formula: PbU7O22 · 12H2O Locality: Rock Landing Quarry (Capt. Rohrback Quarry), Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: pseudomorphs after uraninite Colour: yellow Description: "In a study at Harvard University, in 1964, both fourmarierite and vandendriesscheite were identified, by X-ray diffraction, as components of hard "gummite" pseudomorphs after uraninite from the Rock Landing quarry. Fourmarierite is reddish; vandendriesscheite, yellow. The material came from the Charles Thomas collection." Schooner (circa 1980s). |
| ⓘ Vesuvianite Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Violarite Formula: Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| ⓘ Vivianite Formula: Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Habit: elongated, terminated prisms and cleavable masses Colour: dark blue Description: "transparent blue vivianite crystals, some spear-shaped, in vugs of messelite and siderite...While the vivianite crystals are small, they are of fine quality." (Schooner 1961) Also as coatings on triphylite and associated with messelite, siderite, mitridatite, strunzite and sulfides. References: |
| ⓘ 'Wad' |
| ⓘ Wardite Formula: NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Schooner (circa 1985) reports that "Wardite and wavellite occurred in a fine-grained replacement of natromontebrasite from the Strickland quarry. The rest of the sample was quartz. X-ray study revealed their existence." Natromontebrasite was discredited in 2007 as a mixture of wardite, montebrasite and lacroixite, which were all documented here by the study Schooner mentions. |
| ✪ Whitmoreite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O Habit: radiating acicular crystals in micro spherical "naval mine" aggregates Colour: golden brown Description: Reported by Dick Schooner, no details in the references. Identified by Van King from posted photographs. |
| ⓘ Willemite Formula: Zn2SiO4 Locality: Copper Valley Mine (Bellamy's Mine; Munson's Mine), Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticut, USA Habit: aggregates of acicular crystals Colour: white Fluorescence: green Description: Solid aggregates to about 1 cm |
| ⓘ Wodginite Formula: Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 Localities: Habit: tapered, elongated prisms Colour: dark brown with iridescence Description: Fantastic tapered crystals, 2 to 6 cm long, translucent and sometimes showing a little iridescence. Typically in cleavelandite, associated with cassiterite, foitite grading into elbaite, gobbinsite and quartz. Long misidentified as cassiterite or tantalite-(Mn) (going back to even 1935 - see Jarnot (2011)) and too bad as it was not "discovered" until 1963 in Canada and Australia. Strickland could have been the type locality had it been recognized as a new mineral when the quarry was active.
Schooner (circa 1990) summarizes its identification:
A decade ago, the author found a loose 4 inch mass of montebrasite, studded with sharply formed little dark brown crystals, on one of the Strickland quarry dumps. These were tentatively classified as manganotantalite, despite visual differences. The X-ray pattern was later rechecked, with wodginite in mind, and the fit was close enough to warrant a spectrographic test, which showed the presence of tin. Pete J. Dunn and Peter Cerny have since made probe studies of the material. The original mass was broken into several rich specimens. The wodginite is in equant crystals, transparent under magnification, with a few little tabular amber crystals of manganotantalite. This material obviously represented only part of a concentration of wodginite in montebrasite. Several years ago, Bruce Jarnot encountered a small cleavelandite boulder, on the long narrow dump along the western edge of the hill, yielding maybe a dozen superb thumbnails of sharp, euhedral, reddish-black wodginite crystals, of a pyramidal aspect, up to almost an inch. These, too, were thought to be manganotantalite, until X-ray study proved them to be wodginite. At that point, the author became suspicious of an iridescent brown mineral, embedded in columnar green elbaite, collected around 1950. The X-ray pattern shows it to be wodginite, in yet another habit. Obviously, the mineral has been mistaken for other things! References: |
| ⓘ 'Wolframite Group' Localities: Habit: bipyramidal pseudomorphs after scheelite Colour: dark brown to black Description: Actually long known to be the iron-rich end-member species ferberite. The use of the term "wolframite" for crystals from here should be abandoned. See more description under ferberite. |
| ⓘ Wollastonite Formula: Ca3(Si3O9) Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. |
| ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Habit: peudocubic, bipyramidal Colour: orange-red Description: "Here and there small microscopic wulfenites occur both as pseudocubic (similar to the Loudville, Massachusetts, material only considerably smaller) as well as bipyramidal crystals (Marcelle Weber, personal communication, 1984)." (Segeler & Molon, 1985). At least one former Ron Januzzi specimen of a platy orange mineral in crude micro-crystals turned out to be calcite. |
| ⓘ Wurtzite ? Formula: (Zn,Fe)S Localities: Middletown lead mines (Middletown Mine), Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) |
| ⓘ Wurtzite var. Voltzite ? Formula: (Zn,Fe)S Localities: Middletown lead mines (Middletown Mine), Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Great Hill cobalt mines, Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) |
| ⓘ Xanthoxenite ? Formula: Ca4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O Localities: Fillow Quarry (Branchville Quarry; Branchville Mica Mine; Smith Mine), Branchville, Redding (Reading), Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) State Forest Quarry No. 2 (State Forest #2 Mica Mine; Carini Quarry), Cobalt, East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Anderson No. 1 Mica Mine (Swanson Mine; Swanson Lithia Mine; Old Lithia Mine; Chatham Lithia Mine), East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA ? (more information) Description: may occur associated with lithiophilite |
| ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. Habit: bipyramidal Colour: brown Description: Microcrystals in pegmatite matrix found in 2019. SEM-EDS spectra here
https://www.mindat.org/photo-1007556.html
https://www.mindat.org/photo-1007557.html References: |
| ⓘ 'Yttrocolumbite-(Y)' ? Formula: Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 Locality: Nathan Hall Quarry (Clark Hill Quarry), East Hampton (Chatham), Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Description: Extremely rare mineral. No chemical data available. |
| ⓘ 'Zinnwaldite' Locality: Strickland Quarry, Strickland pegmatite, Collins Hill, Portland, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Habit: micaceous Colour: golden-brown, purplish-grey Description: Found in the cleavelandite-quartz intermediate zone. Schooner (circa 1985) reports that "X-ray and spectrographic study, quite recently, have identified rich specimens, consisting of coarse golden-brown aggregates with zoned elbaite-schorl tourmaline. It can also be purplish-gray." |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Localities: Reported from at least 58 localities in this region. Habit: prismatic bi-pyramidal Colour: brown Description: "An outstanding isolated occurrence of zircon crystals was discovered by John and Robert Gruss in a granite matrix at Mill Ridge, west of Danbury. The crystals were opaque, brown prismatic bi-pyramidal contact twins over an inch in length." Januzzi (1959). |
| ⓘ Zircon var. Calyptolite Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite Formula: Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region. Habit: short prismatic, parallel groups Colour: brown or black Description: Schooner (1955) says that: "crystals are of small size. Parallel groups are often found in cleavelandite and smoky quartz, and other matrices include manganapatite, microcline, lithiophilite, and various mixtures. The crystals have such short prisms that they resemble distorted dodecahedrons, probably being mistaken for opaque garnets by some collectors." The size rarely exceeds 1/4 inch. |
| ⓘ Zoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Habit: subhedral, striated, elongated prismatic Colour: pink Fluorescence: purple Description: Crystals in matrix can reach a few cm. Associated with anorthite, quartz, actinolite, scapolite. |
| ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite Formula: {Ca2}{Al,Mn3+3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Localities: Thulite locality, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Connecticut Yankee atomic power plant, Haddam Neck, Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA Reynolds Bridge, Thomaston, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA Habit: subhedral, striated, elongated prismatic Colour: pink Fluorescence: purple Description: Crystals in matrix can reach a few cm. Associated with anorthite, quartz, actinolite, scapolite. |
Gallery:
(Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH)ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| ⓘ | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| ⓘ | Iron var. Kamacite | 1.AE.05 | (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ | 1.AE.05 | Fe | |
| ⓘ | Taenite | 1.AE.10 | (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ | Tetrataenite | 1.AE.10 | FeNi |
| ⓘ | Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| ⓘ | Arsenic ? | 1.CA.05 | As |
| ⓘ | Antimony ? | 1.CA.05 | Sb |
| ⓘ | Graphite | 1.CB.05a | C |
| ⓘ | Diamond | 1.CB.10a | C |
| ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| ⓘ | Tellurium ? | 1.CC.10 | Te |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Djurleite | 2.BA.05 | Cu31S16 |
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Digenite | 2.BA.10 | Cu9S5 |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Acanthite | 2.BA.35 | Ag2S |
| ⓘ | Pentlandite | 2.BB.15 | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite var. Blister Copper | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 | |
| ⓘ | Wurtzite var. Voltzite ? | 2.CB.45 | (Zn,Fe)S |
| ⓘ | ? | 2.CB.45 | (Zn,Fe)S |
| ⓘ | Greenockite | 2.CB.45 | CdS |
| ⓘ | Breithauptite ? | 2.CC.05 | NiSb |
| ⓘ | Nickeline | 2.CC.05 | NiAs |
| ⓘ | Troilite | 2.CC.10 | FeS |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS with Ag |
| ⓘ | 2.CD.10 | PbS | |
| ⓘ | Violarite | 2.DA.05 | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| ⓘ | Linnaeite | 2.DA.05 | Co2+Co3+2S4 |
| ⓘ | Stibnite ? | 2.DB.05 | Sb2S3 |
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ | Sylvanite ? | 2.EA.05 | AgAuTe4 |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Tungstenite ? | 2.EA.30 | WS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Rammelsbergite ? | 2.EB.15a | NiAs2 |
| ⓘ | Safflorite ? | 2.EB.15a | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 |
| ⓘ | Löllingite | 2.EB.15a | FeAs2 |
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | var. Danaite | 2.EB.20 | (Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS |
| ⓘ | Cobaltite | 2.EB.25 | CoAsS |
| ⓘ | Gersdorffite | 2.EB.25 | NiAsS |
| ⓘ | Skutterudite ? | 2.EC.05 | CoAs3 |
| ⓘ | Nickelskutterudite ? | 2.EC.05 | (Ni,Co,Fe)As3 |
| ⓘ | Realgar ? | 2.FA.15a | As4S4 |
| ⓘ | Cuprobismutite | 2.JA.10a | Cu8AgBi13S24 |
| ⓘ | Galenobismutite ? | 2.JC.25e | PbBi2S4 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Nantokite | 3.AA.05 | CuCl |
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| ⓘ | var. Chlorophane | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| ⓘ | Atacamite | 3.DA.10a | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Paratacamite ? | 3.DA.10c | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | 'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Wolframoixiolite' | 4.. | (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)2O4 |
| ⓘ | '' | 4.. | (Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)4O8 |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)' | 4.00. | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| ⓘ | '' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| ⓘ | 'Microlite Group' | 4.00. | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| ⓘ | Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O | |
| ⓘ | Litharge | 4.AC.20 | PbO |
| ⓘ | Massicot | 4.AC.25 | PbO |
| ⓘ | Chrysoberyl | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Galaxite ? | 4.BB.05 | Mn2+Al2O4 |
| ⓘ | Gahnite | 4.BB.05 | ZnAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Jacobsite | 4.BB.05 | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Maghemite | 4.BB.15 | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Minium | 4.BD.05 | Pb3O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite var. Specularite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Corundum var. Sapphire | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 | |
| ⓘ | Hematite var. Iron Rose | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Pyrophanite | 4.CB.05 | Mn2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite var. Iron(III)-bearing Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | (Fe2+,Fe3+)TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Claudetite ? | 4.CB.45 | As2O3 |
| ⓘ | Arsenolite ? | 4.CB.50 | As2O3 |
| ⓘ | Bismite | 4.CB.60 | Bi2O3 |
| ⓘ | Sillénite ? | 4.CB.70 | Bi12SiO20 |
| ⓘ | Davidite-(La) | 4.CC.40 | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Sard | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Amethyst | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Blue Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Citrine | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| ⓘ | var. Rutilated Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Agate | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Carnelian | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Rock Crystal | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Milky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sceptre Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sardonyx | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Ferruginous Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal var. Opal-AN | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Tridymite ? | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | var. Hyalite | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Lechatelierite | 4.DA.30 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Plattnerite | 4.DB.05 | PbO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile var. Strüverite | 4.DB.05 | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| ⓘ | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
| ⓘ | Tapiolite-(Fe) | 4.DB.10 | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| ⓘ | Ishikawaite | 4.DB.25 | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ | Samarskite-(Y) | 4.DB.25 | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Yttrocolumbite-(Y)' ? | 4.DB.25 | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ | Ferberite | 4.DB.30 | FeWO4 |
| ⓘ | Hübnerite ? | 4.DB.30 | MnWO4 |
| ⓘ | 'Wolframite Group' | 4.DB.30 va | |
| ⓘ | Tantalite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Fe) | 4.DB.35 | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Tantalite-(Fe) | 4.DB.35 | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| ⓘ | Wodginite | 4.DB.40 | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| ⓘ | Anatase | 4.DD.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Brookite | 4.DD.10 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutotantalite | 4.DE.30 | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| ⓘ | Tanteuxenite-(Y) | 4.DG.05 | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Euxenite-(Y) ? | 4.DG.05 | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| ⓘ | Hydrokenoelsmoreite ? | 4.DH.15 | ◻2W2O6(H2O) |
| ⓘ | var. Ferritungstite ? | 4.DH.15 | ◻2W2O6(H2O) |
| ⓘ | Liandratite | 4.DH.35 | U(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| ⓘ | Petscheckite ? | 4.DH.35 | UFe(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| ⓘ | Cryptomelane | 4.DK.05a | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| ⓘ | Todorokite ? | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| ⓘ | Romanèchite | 4.DK.10 | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| ⓘ | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
| ⓘ | Diaspore | 4.FD.10 | AlO(OH) |
| ⓘ | Groutite | 4.FD.10 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Manganite ? | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Brucite ? | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Gibbsite | 4.FE.10 | Al(OH)3 |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite | 4.FE.15 | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Lithiophorite ? | 4.FE.25 | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Tungstite (TL) | 4.FJ.10 | WO3 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Hydrotungstite ? | 4.FJ.15 | WO3 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Birnessite | 4.FL.45 | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| ⓘ | Becquerelite | 4.GB.10 | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Fourmarierite | 4.GB.25 | Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Vandendriesscheite | 4.GB.40 | PbU7O22 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Carnotite | 4.HB.05 | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Tyuyamunite | 4.HB.25 | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
| ⓘ | var. Iron-bearing Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | (Mg,Fe)CO3 |
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | 5.AB.05 | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| ⓘ | Smithsonite | 5.AB.05 | ZnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 | |
| ⓘ | Kutnohorite | 5.AB.10 | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Rosasite | 5.BA.10 | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Aurichalcite | 5.BA.15 | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Hydrozincite | 5.BA.15 | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20a | Ce(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | Synchysite-(Y) | 5.BD.20c | CaY(CO3)2F |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| ⓘ | Beyerite ? | 5.BE.35 | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Rutherfordine ? | 5.EB.05 | (UO2)CO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Anhydrite | 7.AD.30 | CaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| ⓘ | Celestine | 7.AD.35 | SrSO4 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Linarite | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Szomolnokite | 7.CB.05 | FeSO4 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Rozenite | 7.CB.15 | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Chalcanthite | 7.CB.20 | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Hexahydrite ? | 7.CB.25 | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Melanterite | 7.CB.35 | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Epsomite | 7.CB.40 | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| ⓘ | Goslarite ? | 7.CB.40 | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| ⓘ | Halotrichite ? | 7.CB.85 | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| ⓘ | Pickeringite | 7.CB.85 | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| ⓘ | Gypsum var. Selenite | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | var. Satin Spar Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O | |
| ⓘ | Ferricopiapite ? | 7.DB.35 | Fe3+0.67Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| ⓘ | Copiapite | 7.DB.35 | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| ⓘ | Langite | 7.DD.10 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Devilline | 7.DD.30 | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Thaumasite | 7.DG.15 | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Johannite ? | 7.EB.05 | Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Powellite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(MoO4) |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| ⓘ | Ferrimolybdite | 7.GB.30 | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Purpurite | 8.AB.10 | Mn3+(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Heterosite | 8.AB.10 | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Triphylite var. Ferrisicklerite | 8.AB.10 | Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Lithiophilite (TL) | 8.AB.10 | LiMn2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Triphylite | 8.AB.10 | LiFe2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | 8.AB.10 | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Natrophilite (TL) | 8.AB.10 | NaMn2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Graftonite ? | 8.AB.20 | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 |
| ⓘ | Alluaudite ? | 8.AC.10 | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Fillowite (TL) | 8.AC.50 | Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 |
| ⓘ | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Ce) | 8.AD.50 | Ce(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Hydroxylherderite | 8.BA.10 | CaBe(PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Herderite ? | 8.BA.10 | CaBe(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Amblygonite ? | 8.BB.05 | LiAl(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Montebrasite | 8.BB.05 | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Triplite | 8.BB.10 | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Triploidite (TL) | 8.BB.15 | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Lazulite ? | 8.BB.40 | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Scorzalite ? | 8.BB.40 | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Rockbridgeite | 8.BC.10 | Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 |
| ⓘ | Pseudomalachite ? | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Augelite | 8.BE.05 | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| ⓘ | Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) (TL) | 8.BF.05 | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn2+13Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Arrojadite-(KFe) ? | 8.BF.05 | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Lacroixite | 8.BH.10 | NaAl(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Palermoite ? | 8.BH.25 | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Brazilianite | 8.BK.05 | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Plumbogummite | 8.BL.10 | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Crandallite ? | 8.BL.10 | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ | var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| ⓘ | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Hydroxylapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Vanadinite ? | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Phosphophyllite | 8.CA.40 | Zn2Fe(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Hureaulite | 8.CB.10 | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Landesite ? | 8.CC.05 | Mn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O |
| ⓘ | Reddingite (TL) | 8.CC.05 | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Strengite | 8.CD.10 | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Ludlamite | 8.CD.20 | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Metaswitzerite | 8.CE.25 | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Switzerite ? | 8.CE.25 | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
| ⓘ | Annabergite | 8.CE.40 | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Erythrite | 8.CE.40 | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Vivianite | 8.CE.40 | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Fairfieldite (TL) | 8.CG.05 | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Messelite | 8.CG.05 | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Rhabdophane-(Nd) (TL) | 8.CJ.45 | Nd(PO4) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Rhabdophane-(La) (TL) | 8.CJ.45 | La(PO4) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Grayite | 8.CJ.45 | (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Churchite-(Y) | 8.CJ.50 | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Moraesite | 8.DA.05 | Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Roscherite ? | 8.DA.10 | Ca2Mn2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Pitticite ? | 8.DB.05 | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| ⓘ | Diadochite | 8.DB.05 | Fe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Whitmoreite | 8.DC.15 | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Strunzite | 8.DC.25 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Beraunite ? | 8.DC.27 | Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Laueite | 8.DC.30 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Stewartite ? | 8.DC.30 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Planerite ? | 8.DD.15 | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Eosphorite (TL) | 8.DD.20 | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Ferroberaunite | 8.DH. | Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Mitridatite | 8.DH.30 | Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Xanthoxenite ? | 8.DH.40 | Ca4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Pharmacosiderite | 8.DK.10 | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| ⓘ | Wardite | 8.DL.10 | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Morinite ? | 8.DM.05 | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Parsonsite | 8.EA.10 | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2 |
| ⓘ | Autunite | 8.EB.05 | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| ⓘ | Torbernite | 8.EB.05 | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Metatorbernite | 8.EB.10 | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Meta-autunite | 8.EB.10 | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Phosphuranylite | 8.EC.10 | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Chrysotile | 9.. | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Phenakite | 9.AA.05 | Be2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Willemite | 9.AA.05 | Zn2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Eucryptite (TL) | 9.AA.05 | LiAlSiO4 |
| ⓘ | Forsterite var. Peridot | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Tephroite | 9.AC.05 | Mn2+2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Larnite | 9.AD.05 | Ca2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Pyrope ? | 9.AD.25 | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Grossular var. Hessonite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 | |
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Andradite var. Topazolite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | var. Melanite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Zircon var. Calyptolite | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Thorite | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Zircon var. Cyrtolite | 9.AD.30 | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| ⓘ | Coffinite | 9.AD.30 | U(SiO4) · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Thorite var. Calciothorite ? | 9.AD.30 | (Th,Ca2)SiO4 · 3.5H2O |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Thorite var. Thorogummite | 9.AD.30 | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| ⓘ | Euclase ? | 9.AE.10 | BeAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Sillimanite (TL) | 9.AF.05 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Kyanite | 9.AF.15 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Staurolite | 9.AF.30 | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Chondrodite | 9.AF.45 | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| ⓘ | Alleghanyite | 9.AF.45 | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard) | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O | |
| ⓘ | Cerite-(CeCa) ? | 9.AG.20 | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| ⓘ | Spurrite | 9.AH.15 | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| ⓘ | Dumortierite ? | 9.AJ.10 | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| ⓘ | Datolite | 9.AJ.20 | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Uranophane | 9.AK.15 | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Gehlenite | 9.BB.10 | Ca2Al[AlSiO7] |
| ⓘ | Bertrandite | 9.BD.05 | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Hemimorphite | 9.BD.10 | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Axinite-(Fe) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Piemontite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite var. Clinothulite | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Epidote var. Tawmawite | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 9.BG.05b | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Zoisite | 9.BG.10 | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | var. Thulite | 9.BG.10 | {Ca2}{Al,Mn3+3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | 9.BG.20 | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| ⓘ | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | 9.BG.20 | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Vesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Beryl var. Heliodor | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Aquamarine | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| ⓘ | Bazzite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Beryl var. Goshenite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Morganite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Emerald | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) | |
| ⓘ | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| ⓘ | Dravite | 9.CK.05 | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Oxy-dravite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| ⓘ | Foitite | 9.CK.05 | ◻(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Milarite | 9.CM.05 | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| ⓘ | Enstatite | 9.DA.05 | Mg2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | var. Bronzite | 9.DA.05 | (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2 |
| ⓘ | Pigeonite | 9.DA.10 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Johannsenite ? | 9.DA.15 | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | 9.DA.15 | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| ⓘ | Diopside var. Canaanite | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Hedenbergite ? | 9.DA.15 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Augite var. Fassaite | 9.DA.15 | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| ⓘ | Aegirine-augite | 9.DA.20 | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Spodumene | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | var. Kunzite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Anthophyllite | 9.DD.05 | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Gedrite | 9.DD.05 | ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Cummingtonite | 9.DE.05 | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Grunerite | 9.DE.05 | ◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Magnesio-hornblende | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Ferro-actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Ferro-hornblende | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Pargasite ? | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Hastingsite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Kaersutite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| ⓘ | Ferri-ghoseite | 9.DE.20 | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bavenite | 9.DF.25 | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Pectolite | 9.DG.05 | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| ⓘ | Bustamite | 9.DG.05 | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| ⓘ | Wollastonite | 9.DG.05 | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| ⓘ | Rhodonite | 9.DK.05 | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| ⓘ | Babingtonite | 9.DK.05 | Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) |
| ⓘ | Pyroxmangite | 9.DO.05 | Mn2+SiO3 |
| ⓘ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapophyllite-(K) | 9.EA.15 | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Steatite | 9.EC.05 | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrophyllite | 9.EC.10 | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Paragonite | 9.EC.15 | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Illite | 9.EC.15 | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Celadonite | 9.EC.15 | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Fuchsite | 9.EC.15 | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Schernikite (TL) | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Damourite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Annite | 9.EC.20 | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Masutomilite | 9.EC.20 | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Margarite | 9.EC.30 | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bityite | 9.EC.35 | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Nontronite | 9.EC.40 | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Ferrosaponite ? | 9.EC.45 | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Saponite ? | 9.EC.45 | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore var. Diabantite ? | 9.EC.55 | (Mg,Fe,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Cookeite | 9.EC.55 | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | 9.EC.55 | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | |
| ⓘ | Nacrite ? | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Dickite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Halloysite | 9.ED.10 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Caryopilite | 9.ED.15 | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Lizardite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Cronstedtite | 9.ED.15 | Fe2+2Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Antigorite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Allophane | 9.ED.20 | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| ⓘ | Bismutoferrite | 9.ED.25 | Fe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH) |
| ⓘ | Bementite ? | 9.EE.05 | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Palygorskite ? | 9.EE.20 | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Sepiolite | 9.EE.25 | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Petalite | 9.EF.05 | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| ⓘ | 'Chalcodite' | 9.EG.40 | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| ⓘ | Stilpnomelane | 9.EG.40 | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Sarcolite | 9.EH.15 | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| ⓘ | Nepheline | 9.FA.05 | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Microcline var. Amazonite | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Hyalophane | 9.FA.30 | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) | |
| ⓘ | Albite var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Anorthite var. Bytownite | 9.FA.35 | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Albite var. Peristerite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) | |
| ⓘ | Anorthite | 9.FA.35 | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite var. Andesine | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | var. Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Anorthite var. Labradorite | 9.FA.35 | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Danburite (TL) | 9.FA.65 | CaB2Si2O8 |
| ⓘ | Sodalite | 9.FB.10 | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| ⓘ | Helvine | 9.FB.10 | Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
| ⓘ | Marialite | 9.FB.15 | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| ⓘ | Meionite | 9.FB.15 | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| ⓘ | Mesolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Gonnardite | 9.GA.05 | (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Natrolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Scolecite | 9.GA.05 | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Pollucite | 9.GB.05 | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Analcime | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Gobbinsite | 9.GC.05 | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O |
| ⓘ | Harmotome | 9.GC.10 | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Chabazite-Ca | 9.GD.10 | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Mordenite | 9.GD.35 | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| ⓘ | Epistilbite | 9.GD.45 | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Heulandite-Ca | 9.GE.05 | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| ⓘ | Stilbite-Ca | 9.GE.10 | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| ⓘ | Stellerite ? | 9.GE.15 | Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Plessite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| ⓘ | 'Hypersthene' | - | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-Tantalite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite' | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Fergusonite' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Petroleum var. Albertite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chabazite var. Phacolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Lanthanite' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Heulandite Subgroup' | - | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| ⓘ | 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende' | - | AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese Oxides' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Indicolite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Pumpellyite Group' | - | Ca2XZ2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| ⓘ | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Calciomicrolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Mn)-Tantalite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Brewsterite Subgroup' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Julgoldite Subgroup' ? | - | Ca2XFe3+2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Synchysite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Copiapite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmalinated Quartz' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Axinite Group' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Phillipsite Subgroup' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Asbestos' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| ⓘ | 'Pumpellyite Subgroup' | - | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| ⓘ | 'Jasper' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Margarodite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese Oxides var. Manganese Dendrites' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Gummite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Alkali Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fahlunite' | - | (Mg,Fe)Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Mica Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Natromontebrasite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Almandine-Pyrope Series var. Rhodolite' ? | - | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorophyllite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Stilbite Subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| ⓘ | 'Cymatolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apophyllite Group' | - | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Aeschynite' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Zinnwaldite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tantalite' | - | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Tapiolite' | - | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Moonstone' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Alum Group' | - | XAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite' ? | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)' | - | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| ⓘ | 'Wad' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fluor-uvite-Uvite Series' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Synchysite' | - | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| ⓘ | 'Petroleum' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Dravite-Schorl Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Elaterite' | - | (C,H,O,S) |
| ⓘ | 'Petroleum var. Bitumen' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pinite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Soapstone' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Verdelite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Asbestos var. Mountain Leather' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende Root Name Group' | - | ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Scapolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Ferro-actinolite-Tremolite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Almandine-Spessartine Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chrysoprase' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Calamine' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Gmelinite Subgroup' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Bloodstone' | - | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chabazite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'var. Rubellite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Alum Group | XAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Anthophyllite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe132+Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| H | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Babingtonite | Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Beraunite | Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Bismutoferrite | Fe23+Bi(SiO4)2(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Thorite var. Calciothorite | (Th,Ca2)SiO4 · 3.5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Coffinite | U(SiO4) · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| H | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Cronstedtite | Fe22+Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| H | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Diadochite | Fe23+(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn132+Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| H | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Euclase | BeAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Fahlunite | (Mg,Fe)Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| H | ⓘ Ferricopiapite | Fe3+0.67Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| H | ⓘ Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Fourmarierite | Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Gedrite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Gobbinsite | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gonnardite | (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| H | ⓘ Grayite | (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Grunerite | ◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| H | ⓘ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxylherderite | CaBe(PO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hydrotungstite | WO3 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Johannite | Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe23+[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Landesite | Mn2+3-xFex3+(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O |
| H | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Laueite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite | (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| H | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Metaswitzerite | Mn32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| H | ⓘ Mitridatite | Ca2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Moraesite | Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| H | ⓘ Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| H | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Phosphophyllite | Zn2Fe(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| H | ⓘ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| H | ⓘ Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| H | ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| H | ⓘ Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La) | La(PO4) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe43+(PO4)3(OH)5 |
| H | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| H | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Roscherite | Ca2Mn52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Schernikite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Talc var. Steatite | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Stellerite | Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O |
| H | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Switzerite | Mn32+(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
| H | ⓘ Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| H | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | {Ca2}{Al,Mn33+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Triploidite | Mn22+(PO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Tungstite | WO3 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| H | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| H | ⓘ Vandendriesscheite | PbU7O22 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| H | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Whitmoreite | Fe2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Xanthoxenite | Ca4Fe23+(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| H | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| H | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Damourite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Elaterite | (C,H,O,S) |
| H | ⓘ Epidote var. Tawmawite | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| H | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite var. Clinothulite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hydrokenoelsmoreite | ◻2W2O6(H2O) |
| H | ⓘ Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Pumpellyite Group | Ca2XZ2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| H | ⓘ Opal var. Hyalite | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| H | ⓘ Julgoldite Subgroup | Ca2XFe23+[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| H | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Ferroberaunite | Fe2+Fe53+(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Li | ⓘ Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| Li | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Li | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Li | ⓘ Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Triphylite var. Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| Li | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Li | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| Li | ⓘ Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| Li | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Li | ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Be | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Euclase | BeAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| Be | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Be | ⓘ Herderite | CaBe(PO4)F |
| Be | ⓘ Hydroxylherderite | CaBe(PO4)(OH) |
| Be | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| Be | ⓘ Moraesite | Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| Be | ⓘ Roscherite | Ca2Mn52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Achroite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| B | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| B | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| B | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| C | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite | (Mg,Fe)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Diamond | C |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Graphite | C |
| C | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| C | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Rutherfordine | (UO2)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| C | ⓘ Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| C | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| C | ⓘ Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| C | ⓘ Elaterite | (C,H,O,S) |
| C | ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Alum Group | XAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Andesine | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| O | ⓘ Anthophyllite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| O | ⓘ Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe132+Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Achroite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Babingtonite | Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| O | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Beraunite | Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutotantalite | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutoferrite | Fe23+Bi(SiO4)2(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite | (Mg,Fe)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Brookite | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Thorite var. Calciothorite | (Th,Ca2)SiO4 · 3.5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| O | ⓘ Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Claudetite | As2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Coffinite | U(SiO4) · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| O | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| O | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Cronstedtite | Fe22+Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| O | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Diadochite | Fe23+(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn132+Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| O | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| O | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Euclase | BeAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fahlunite | (Mg,Fe)Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| O | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| O | ⓘ Ferricopiapite | Fe3+0.67Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| O | ⓘ Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Triphylite var. Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fillowite | Na3CaMn112+(PO4)9 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Fourmarierite | Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Gedrite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Gehlenite | Ca2Al[AlSiO7] |
| O | ⓘ Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Gobbinsite | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Gonnardite | (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| O | ⓘ Graftonite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 |
| O | ⓘ Grayite | (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Grunerite | ◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| O | ⓘ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Herderite | CaBe(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| O | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxylherderite | CaBe(PO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hydrotungstite | WO3 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Johannite | Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe23+[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Landesite | Mn2+3-xFex3+(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O |
| O | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Larnite | Ca2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Laueite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Lechatelierite | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Liandratite | U(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Litharge | PbO |
| O | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Iron(III)-bearing Ilmenite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite | (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| O | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| O | ⓘ Massicot | PbO |
| O | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Metaswitzerite | Mn32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| O | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Minium | Pb3O4 |
| O | ⓘ Mitridatite | Ca2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Moraesite | Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| O | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| O | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Parsonsite | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| O | ⓘ Petscheckite | UFe(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Phosphophyllite | Zn2Fe(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| O | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| O | ⓘ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| O | ⓘ Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| O | ⓘ Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| O | ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyroxmangite | Mn2+SiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La) | La(PO4) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe43+(PO4)3(OH)5 |
| O | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| O | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Roscherite | Ca2Mn52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Rutherfordine | (UO2)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rutilated Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Schernikite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 |
| O | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| O | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Talc var. Steatite | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Stellerite | Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O |
| O | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Switzerite | Mn32+(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
| O | ⓘ Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| O | ⓘ Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| O | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | {Ca2}{Al,Mn33+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tridymite | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Triploidite | Mn22+(PO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Tungstite | WO3 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| O | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| O | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| O | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Vandendriesscheite | PbU7O22 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| O | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Whitmoreite | Fe2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| O | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Xanthoxenite | Ca4Fe23+(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Peristerite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite | (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2 |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Milky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series var. Rhodolite | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon var. Calyptolite | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| O | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| O | ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Wolframoixiolite | (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| O | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| O | ⓘ Andradite var. Topazolite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Sardonyx | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Sard | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Bloodstone | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Forsterite var. Peridot | Mg2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Damourite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Elaterite | (C,H,O,S) |
| O | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard) | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Epidote var. Tawmawite | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| O | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| O | ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Blue Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite var. Iron Rose | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite var. Clinothulite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Ferruginous Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Hydrokenoelsmoreite | ◻2W2O6(H2O) |
| O | ⓘ Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Pumpellyite Group | Ca2XZ2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| O | ⓘ Opal var. Hyalite | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| O | ⓘ Julgoldite Subgroup | Ca2XFe23+[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| O | ⓘ Diopside var. Canaanite | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Ferroberaunite | Fe2+Fe53+(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite var. Chlorophane | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| F | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Herderite | CaBe(PO4)F |
| F | ⓘ Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite | (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| F | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| F | ⓘ Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| F | ⓘ Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| F | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| Na | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Andesine | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe132+Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Na | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn132+Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Fillowite | Na3CaMn112+(PO4)9 |
| Na | ⓘ Gobbinsite | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Gonnardite | (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Na | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| Na | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Na | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| Na | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 |
| Na | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Na | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| Na | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Na | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| Na | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Peristerite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Na | ⓘ Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| Na | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| Na | ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Anthophyllite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite | (Mg,Fe)CO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Mg | ⓘ Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Fahlunite | (Mg,Fe)Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Gedrite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc var. Steatite | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Mg | ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite | (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series var. Rhodolite | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Forsterite var. Peridot | Mg2SiO4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Mg | ⓘ Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside var. Canaanite | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Alum Group | XAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Andesine | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Al | ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe132+Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn132+Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| Al | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Euclase | BeAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 |
| Al | ⓘ Fahlunite | (Mg,Fe)Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Al | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Gedrite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Gehlenite | Ca2Al[AlSiO7] |
| Al | ⓘ Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Gobbinsite | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Gonnardite | (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Al | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| Al | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| Al | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Al | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Al | ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Schernikite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Stellerite | Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | {Ca2}{Al,Mn33+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Al | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Peristerite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series var. Rhodolite | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Damourite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote var. Tawmawite | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| Al | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| Al | ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite var. Clinothulite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Andesine | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Anthophyllite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Si | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Babingtonite | Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Bismutoferrite | Fe23+Bi(SiO4)2(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite var. Calciothorite | (Th,Ca2)SiO4 · 3.5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Coffinite | U(SiO4) · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Cronstedtite | Fe22+Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Dumortierite | Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3) |
| Si | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Euclase | BeAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Fahlunite | (Mg,Fe)Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Si | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Gedrite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Gehlenite | Ca2Al[AlSiO7] |
| Si | ⓘ Gobbinsite | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Gonnardite | (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Grunerite | ◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Si | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe23+[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Larnite | Ca2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Lechatelierite | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Si | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| Si | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| Si | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Si | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Si | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Si | ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyroxmangite | Mn2+SiO3 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rutilated Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Schernikite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| Si | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Talc var. Steatite | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Stellerite | Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| Si | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | {Ca2}{Al,Mn33+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tridymite | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Si | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Peristerite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite | (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Milky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series var. Rhodolite | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Calyptolite | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite var. Topazolite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Sardonyx | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Sard | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Bloodstone | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Forsterite var. Peridot | Mg2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Damourite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard) | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote var. Tawmawite | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| Si | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| Si | ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Blue Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite var. Clinothulite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Ferruginous Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Pumpellyite Group | Ca2XZ2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Si | ⓘ Opal var. Hyalite | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Si | ⓘ Julgoldite Subgroup | Ca2XFe23+[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside var. Canaanite | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| P | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe132+Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| P | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| P | ⓘ Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| P | ⓘ Beraunite | Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | ⓘ Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| P | ⓘ Diadochite | Fe23+(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn132+Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| P | ⓘ Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| P | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Triphylite var. Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Fillowite | Na3CaMn112+(PO4)9 |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Graftonite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 |
| P | ⓘ Grayite | (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O |
| P | ⓘ Herderite | CaBe(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Hydroxylherderite | CaBe(PO4)(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Landesite | Mn2+3-xFex3+(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O |
| P | ⓘ Laueite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| P | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite | (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| P | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Metaswitzerite | Mn32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Mitridatite | Ca2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| P | ⓘ Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Moraesite | Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| P | ⓘ Parsonsite | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2 |
| P | ⓘ Phosphophyllite | Zn2Fe(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| P | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| P | ⓘ Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| P | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La) | La(PO4) · H2O |
| P | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) · H2O |
| P | ⓘ Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe43+(PO4)3(OH)5 |
| P | ⓘ Roscherite | Ca2Mn52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| P | ⓘ Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| P | ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Switzerite | Mn32+(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
| P | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| P | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Triploidite | Mn22+(PO4)(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Whitmoreite | Fe2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Xanthoxenite | Ca4Fe23+(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | ⓘ Ferroberaunite | Fe2+Fe53+(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
| S | ⓘ Alum Group | XAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| S | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| S | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Cuprobismutite | Cu8AgBi13S24 |
| S | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Diadochite | Fe23+(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| S | ⓘ Djurleite | Cu31S16 |
| S | ⓘ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| S | ⓘ Ferricopiapite | Fe3+0.67Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Galenobismutite | PbBi2S4 |
| S | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
| S | ⓘ Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| S | ⓘ Greenockite | CdS |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| S | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| S | ⓘ Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Johannite | Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| S | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | ⓘ Linnaeite | Co2+Co23+S4 |
| S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| S | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| S | ⓘ Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Realgar | As4S4 |
| S | ⓘ Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Sulphur | S8 |
| S | ⓘ Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| S | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| S | ⓘ Tungstenite | WS2 |
| S | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| S | ⓘ Wurtzite var. Voltzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| S | ⓘ Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite var. Blister Copper | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Elaterite | (C,H,O,S) |
| S | ⓘ Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena | PbS with Ag |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite | (Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite | (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| Cl | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| Cl | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Nantokite | CuCl |
| Cl | ⓘ Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| Cl | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe132+Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| K | ⓘ Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| K | ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn132+Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| K | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| K | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Schernikite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| K | ⓘ Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Damourite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Albite var. Andesine | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe132+Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Babingtonite | Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Thorite var. Calciothorite | (Th,Ca2)SiO4 · 3.5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite var. Chlorophane | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn132+Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Ca | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fillowite | Na3CaMn112+(PO4)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gehlenite | Ca2Al[AlSiO7] |
| Ca | ⓘ Gonnardite | (Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Grayite | (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Herderite | CaBe(PO4)F |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroxylherderite | CaBe(PO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe23+[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Larnite | Ca2SiO4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite | (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| Ca | ⓘ Mitridatite | Ca2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Ca | ⓘ Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Ca | ⓘ Roscherite | Ca2Mn52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Sarcolite | Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl) |
| Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| Ca | ⓘ Stellerite | Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| Ca | ⓘ Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | {Ca2}{Al,Mn33+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| Ca | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Ca | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| Ca | ⓘ Xanthoxenite | Ca4Fe23+(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite var. Topazolite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard) | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote var. Tawmawite | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite var. Clinothulite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Pumpellyite Group | Ca2XZ2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Ca | ⓘ Julgoldite Subgroup | Ca2XFe23+[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside var. Canaanite | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Sc | Scandium | |
| Sc | ⓘ Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Brookite | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Ti | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Iron(III)-bearing Ilmenite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Ti | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard) | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| Ti | ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| V | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| V | ⓘ Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2O |
| V | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Cr | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Cr | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Cr | ⓘ Epidote var. Tawmawite | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Babingtonite | Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Mn | ⓘ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn132+Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Fillowite | Na3CaMn112+(PO4)9 |
| Mn | ⓘ Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Mn | ⓘ Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Landesite | Mn2+3-xFex3+(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Laueite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Manganese-bearing Fluorapatite | (Ca,Mn2+)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) or Ca5([P,Mn5+]O4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Metaswitzerite | Mn32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyroxmangite | Mn2+SiO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Mn | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| Mn | ⓘ Roscherite | Ca2Mn52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Switzerite | Mn32+(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tephroite | Mn22+SiO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | {Ca2}{Al,Mn33+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| Mn | ⓘ Triploidite | Mn22+(PO4)(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Wolframoixiolite | (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)2O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe132+Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Babingtonite | Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Beraunite | Fe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Bismutoferrite | Fe23+Bi(SiO4)2(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite | (Mg,Fe)CO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Copiapite | Fe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Fe | ⓘ Cronstedtite | Fe22+Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Fe | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Diabantite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Diadochite | Fe23+(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Fahlunite | (Mg,Fe)Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferricopiapite | Fe3+0.67Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Triphylite var. Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Graftonite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Grunerite | ◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron | Fe |
| Fe | ⓘ Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe23+[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Landesite | Mn2+3-xFex3+(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Laueite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Löllingite | FeAs2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Iron(III)-bearing Ilmenite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Mitridatite | Ca2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Nickelskutterudite | (Ni,Co,Fe)As3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Petscheckite | UFe(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Phosphophyllite | Zn2Fe(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe43+(PO4)3(OH)5 |
| Fe | ⓘ Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Safflorite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Tetrataenite | FeNi |
| Fe | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| Fe | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Wurtzite var. Voltzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| Fe | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Fe | ⓘ Whitmoreite | Fe2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| Fe | ⓘ Xanthoxenite | Ca4Fe23+(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite | (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Wolframoixiolite | (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite var. Topazolite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite var. Blister Copper | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote var. Tawmawite | {Ca2}{(Al,Fe3+,Cr)3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite | (Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite var. Iron Rose | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Fe | ⓘ Julgoldite Subgroup | Ca2XFe23+[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferroberaunite | Fe2+Fe53+(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| Co | Cobalt | |
| Co | ⓘ Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| Co | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Co | ⓘ Linnaeite | Co2+Co23+S4 |
| Co | ⓘ Nickelskutterudite | (Ni,Co,Fe)As3 |
| Co | ⓘ Safflorite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 |
| Co | ⓘ Skutterudite | CoAs3 |
| Co | ⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite | (Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Ni | ⓘ Breithauptite | NiSb |
| Ni | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
| Ni | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Ni | ⓘ Nickelskutterudite | (Ni,Co,Fe)As3 |
| Ni | ⓘ Nickeline | NiAs |
| Ni | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Ni | ⓘ Rammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
| Ni | ⓘ Safflorite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 |
| Ni | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Ni | ⓘ Tetrataenite | FeNi |
| Ni | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| Ni | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Cu | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprobismutite | Cu8AgBi13S24 |
| Cu | ⓘ Copper | Cu |
| Cu | ⓘ Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cu | ⓘ Djurleite | Cu31S16 |
| Cu | ⓘ Johannite | Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Nantokite | CuCl |
| Cu | ⓘ Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite var. Blister Copper | CuFeS2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Zn | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| Zn | ⓘ Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Zn | ⓘ Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| Zn | ⓘ Phosphophyllite | Zn2Fe(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Zn | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zn | ⓘ Wurtzite var. Voltzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| Zn | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| Zn | ⓘ Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| Zn | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| As | ⓘ Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | ⓘ Arsenic | As |
| As | ⓘ Claudetite | As2O3 |
| As | ⓘ Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| As | ⓘ Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| As | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
| As | ⓘ Löllingite | FeAs2 |
| As | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| As | ⓘ Nickelskutterudite | (Ni,Co,Fe)As3 |
| As | ⓘ Nickeline | NiAs |
| As | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| As | ⓘ Pitticite | (Fe, AsO4, H2O) (?) |
| As | ⓘ Rammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
| As | ⓘ Realgar | As4S4 |
| As | ⓘ Safflorite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 |
| As | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| As | ⓘ Skutterudite | CoAs3 |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite | (Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS |
| Rb | Rubidium | |
| Rb | ⓘ Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| Sr | ⓘ Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| Sr | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| Y | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Y | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Y | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Y | ⓘ Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| Y | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Y | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| Y | ⓘ Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| Y | ⓘ Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Calyptolite | Zr(SiO4) |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite | Zr[(SiO4),(OH)4] |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Bismutotantalite | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Nb | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| Nb | ⓘ Liandratite | U(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Petscheckite | UFe(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Nb | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Nb | ⓘ Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| Nb | ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Wolframoixiolite | (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)2O4 |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Mo | ⓘ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
| Ag | ⓘ Cuprobismutite | Cu8AgBi13S24 |
| Ag | ⓘ Silver | Ag |
| Ag | ⓘ Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
| Ag | ⓘ Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena | PbS with Ag |
| Cd | Cadmium | |
| Cd | ⓘ Greenockite | CdS |
| Sn | Tin | |
| Sn | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Sn | ⓘ Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Antimony | Sb |
| Sb | ⓘ Breithauptite | NiSb |
| Sb | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Te | Tellurium | |
| Te | ⓘ Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
| Te | ⓘ Tellurium | Te |
| Cs | Caesium | |
| Cs | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | ⓘ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Ba | ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ba | ⓘ Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| Ba | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| La | Lanthanum | |
| La | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| La | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(La) | La(PO4) · H2O |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ce | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| Ce | ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Ce | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ce | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| Ce | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Ce | ⓘ Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| Nd | Neodymium | |
| Nd | ⓘ Rhabdophane-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) · H2O |
| Nd | ⓘ Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Bismutotantalite | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Ta | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Liandratite | U(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| Ta | ⓘ Petscheckite | UFe(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| Ta | ⓘ Rutile var. Strüverite | (Ti,Ta,Fe)O2 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| Ta | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| Ta | ⓘ Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| Ta | ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Wolframoixiolite | (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)2O4 |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| W | ⓘ Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| W | ⓘ Hydrotungstite | WO3 · 2H2O |
| W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| W | ⓘ Tungstenite | WS2 |
| W | ⓘ Tungstite | WO3 · H2O |
| W | ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Wolframoixiolite | (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)2O4 |
| W | ⓘ Hydrokenoelsmoreite | ◻2W2O6(H2O) |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
| Au | ⓘ Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Fourmarierite | Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Galenobismutite | PbBi2S4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Grayite | (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O |
| Pb | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Litharge | PbO |
| Pb | ⓘ Massicot | PbO |
| Pb | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Minium | Pb3O4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Parsonsite | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Vandendriesscheite | PbU7O22 · 12H2O |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena | PbS with Ag |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutotantalite | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutoferrite | Fe23+Bi(SiO4)2(OH) |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Cuprobismutite | Cu8AgBi13S24 |
| Bi | ⓘ Galenobismutite | PbBi2S4 |
| Bi | ⓘ Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite var. Calciothorite | (Th,Ca2)SiO4 · 3.5H2O |
| Th | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Th | ⓘ Grayite | (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| U | ⓘ Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| U | ⓘ Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 3H2O |
| U | ⓘ Coffinite | U(SiO4) · nH2O |
| U | ⓘ Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| U | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| U | ⓘ Fourmarierite | Pb(UO2)4O3(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| U | ⓘ Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| U | ⓘ Johannite | Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| U | ⓘ Liandratite | U(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| U | ⓘ Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| U | ⓘ Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| U | ⓘ Parsonsite | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2 |
| U | ⓘ Petscheckite | UFe(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| U | ⓘ Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| U | ⓘ Rutherfordine | (UO2)CO3 |
| U | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| U | ⓘ Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| U | ⓘ Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2 · 5-8H2O |
| U | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| U | ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7 |
| U | ⓘ Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| U | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F) |
| U | ⓘ Vandendriesscheite | PbU7O22 · 12H2O |
| U | ⓘ Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
Fossils
There are 26 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.
| Occurrences | 180 |
|---|---|
| Youngest Fossil Listed | 0.01 Ma (Pleistocene) |
| Oldest Fossil Listed | 228 Ma (Late/Upper Triassic) |
| Stratigraphic Units | Click here to view 7 stratigraphic units. |
| Fossils from Region | Click here to show the list. |
| Fossil Localities | Click to show 26 fossil localities |
- Connecticut
- Hartford County
- Early Jurassic🐚 Dinosaur State Park
- Early Jurassic🐚 Enfield Bridge quarry
- Early Jurassic🐚 Interstate 91 roadcut
- Early Jurassic🐚 K-F quarry
- Early Jurassic🐚 Ketch's Mills
- Early Jurassic🐚 Rainbow tracksite
- Early Jurassic🐚 SE of Suffield center
- Early Jurassic🐚 The Cove
- Early Jurassic🐚 Wethersfield tracksite
- Late/Upper Triassic🐚 Wilcox Quarry
- Early Jurassic🐚 Wolcott quarry
- Middlesex County
- Hartford County
- Connecticut
- Middlesex County
- New Haven County
- Early Jurassic🐚 Durham fish locality
- Late/Upper Triassic🐚 Freeman Clark Quarry
- Late/Upper Triassic🐚 I-691
- Late/Upper Triassic🐚 I-91/Rte 6a/Rte 15
- Quaternary🐚 Killams Point
- Mesozoic🐚 Meriden
- Early Jurassic🐚 northeast side
- Early Jurassic🐚 Southbury O & G Industries Quarry
- Jurassic🐚 Totoket Reservoir footprints TA
- Tolland County
Localities in this Region
- Connecticut
- Connecticut
- Middlesex County
- ⭔New Haven County
- ⭔New London County
- ⭔Tolland County
- ⭔Windham County
Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect
Atlantic OceanOcean
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Appalachian BasinBasin
- Carolinia DomainDomain
- Ganderia DomainDomain
- Laurentides DomainDomain
- Piedmontia DomainDomain
USA
- Salisbury Mining DistrictMining District
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders
for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
References
Foye, Wilbur G. (1922) Mineral localities in the vicinity of Middletown, Connecticut. American Mineralogist, 7 (1) 4-12
Cameron, Eugene N., , (1954) Pegmatite investigations, 1942-45, in New England. Professional Paper 255. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp255
Henderson, William A. (1995) Through the ‘Scope. Rocks & Minerals, 70 (6) 420-425 doi:10.1080/00357529.1995.11761572
Jarnot, Bruce (1995) Connecticut Gems & Gem Minerals. Rocks & Minerals, 70 (6) 378-382 doi:10.1080/00357529.1995.11761564
Connecticut, USA