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Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand Outlying Islands, New Zealandi
Regional Level Types
Brothers VolcanoVolcano (Active)
Kermadec IslandsGroup of Islands
New Zealand Outlying IslandsGroup of Islands
New ZealandCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
34° 52' 25'' South , 179° 3' 36'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-34.87387,179.06006
GeoHash:
G#: rcz3de7sc
GRN:
S24E105
Type:
Volcano (Active) - last checked 2020
Deposit first discovered:
1991
Mindat Locality ID:
232860
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:232860:0
GUID (UUID V4):
90d5bdab-49f0-48c9-a8fa-043b6d1204d1
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Brothers Seamount


A submarine volcano in the Kermadec Arc, 340 kilometres north east of New Zealand's Whakaari/White Island.

Within its oval outline, which measures 13 km by 8 km, it contains a 3 km x 4 km wide caldera with walls 300m-500 m high. A dacite dome rises 350 m from the caldera floor (which lies 1,850 m below sea level), with a smaller dome just to its northeast. The caldera walls and the larger dome host numerous hydrothermal vents, which send plumes of hot water 750 m up through the water column. It is the most hydrothermally active volcano known in the Kermadec Arc. It hosts five active sites and one inactive site of hydrothermal venting.

Most of the volcano's rim sits at a depth of around 1,400 m.

Named after Professor R.N. Brothers (1924-1988) volcanologist.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


42 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
β“˜ Anatase
Formula: TiO2
β“˜ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
Schwarz-Schampera, U., Herzig, P. M., Hannington, M. D., & Stoffers, P. (2001). Shallow submarine epithermal-style As-Sb-Hg-Au mineralization in the active Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Mineral deposits at the beginning of the 21st century: Lisse, Holanda, Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, 333-335.
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
β“˜ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte
Formula: (Ba,Sr)SO4
β“˜ Birnessite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
β“˜ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
β“˜ Celadonite
Formula: K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
β“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
β“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
References:
Schwarz-Schampera, U., Herzig, P. M., Hannington, M. D., & Stoffers, P. (2001). Shallow submarine epithermal-style As-Sb-Hg-Au mineralization in the active Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Mineral deposits at the beginning of the 21st century: Lisse, Holanda, Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, 333-335.
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Clinoptilolite-Na
Formula: Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
β“˜ Corrensite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O
β“˜ Covellite
Formula: CuS
β“˜ Cristobalite
Formula: SiO2
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Diaspore
Formula: AlO(OH)
β“˜ Enargite
Formula: Cu3AsS4
β“˜ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
β“˜ Goethite
Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
β“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
β“˜ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
β“˜ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜ 'Leucoxene'
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ 'Limonite'
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
β“˜ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
β“˜ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
β“˜ Mordenite
Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
β“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
β“˜ Natroalunite
Formula: NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Nontronite
Formula: Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
β“˜ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Opal var. Opal-CT
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
β“˜ 'Palagonite'
β“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
Schwarz-Schampera, U., Herzig, P. M., Hannington, M. D., & Stoffers, P. (2001). Shallow submarine epithermal-style As-Sb-Hg-Au mineralization in the active Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Mineral deposits at the beginning of the 21st century: Lisse, Holanda, Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, 333-335.
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Pyrophyllite
Formula: Al2Si4O10(OH)2
β“˜ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
β“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
β“˜ Saponite
Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
β“˜ 'Smectite Group'
Formula: A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
References:
Schwarz-Schampera, U., Herzig, P. M., Hannington, M. D., & Stoffers, P. (2001). Shallow submarine epithermal-style As-Sb-Hg-Au mineralization in the active Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Mineral deposits at the beginning of the 21st century: Lisse, Holanda, Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, 333-335.
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
Schwarz-Schampera, U., Herzig, P. M., Hannington, M. D., & Stoffers, P. (2001). Shallow submarine epithermal-style As-Sb-Hg-Au mineralization in the active Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Mineral deposits at the beginning of the 21st century: Lisse, Holanda, Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, 333-335.
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ 'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
β“˜ Sulphur
Formula: S8
References:
de Ronde, C.E.J.
Hannington, M.D.
Stoffers, P.
Wright, I.C.
Ditchburn, R.G.
Reyes, A.G.
Baker, E.T.
Massoth, G.J.
Lupton, J.E.
Walker, S.L.
Greene, R.R.
Soong, C.W.R.
Ishibashi, J.
Lebon, G.T.
Bray, C.J.
Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
A. G. Reyes, C.E.J. DE Ronde, and C. W. R. Soong (2004) a Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop pp 46-52
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
β“˜ Tamarugite
Formula: NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
β“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜ Zunyite
Formula: Al13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
β“˜Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
β“˜Covellite2.CA.05aCuS
β“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
β“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
β“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
β“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
β“˜Marcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
β“˜Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
β“˜Enargite2.KA.05Cu3AsS4
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
β“˜Goethite4.00.Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜Magnetite
var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite		4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
β“˜4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
β“˜Ilmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜Opal4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜var. Opal-CT4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Cristobalite4.DA.15SiO2
β“˜Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
β“˜Anatase4.DD.05TiO2
β“˜Diaspore4.FD.10AlO(OH)
β“˜Birnessite4.FL.45(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 Β· 1.5H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Anhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
β“˜Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
β“˜var. Strontium-bearing Baryte7.AD.35(Ba,Sr)SO4
β“˜Natroalunite7.BC.10NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜Tamarugite7.CC.10NaAl(SO4)2 Β· 6H2O
β“˜Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 Β· 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜Zunyite9.BJ.55Al13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl
β“˜Pyrophyllite9.EC.10Al2Si4O10(OH)2
β“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Celadonite9.EC.15K(MgFe3+β—»)(Si4O10)(OH)2
β“˜Muscovite
var. Illite		9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
β“˜Nontronite9.EC.40Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Saponite9.EC.45Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Corrensite9.EC.60(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 Β· nH2O
β“˜Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Mordenite9.GD.35(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 Β· 28H2O
β“˜Clinoptilolite-Na9.GE.05Na6(Si30Al6)O72 Β· 20H2O
Unclassified
β“˜'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] Β· nH2O
β“˜'Leucoxene'-
β“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
β“˜'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
β“˜'Smectite Group'-A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 Β· nH2O
β“˜'Limonite'-
β“˜'Chlorite Group'-
β“˜'Palagonite'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Hβ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ DiasporeAlO(OH)
Hβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Hβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Hβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Hβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Hβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Hβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Hβ“˜ ZunyiteAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl
Hβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Hβ“˜ Smectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ AnataseTiO2
Oβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Oβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Oβ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ CristobaliteSiO2
Oβ“˜ DiasporeAlO(OH)
Oβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Oβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Oβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Oβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Oβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Oβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Oβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oβ“˜ ZunyiteAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl
Oβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Oβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oβ“˜ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oβ“˜ Smectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte(Ba,Sr)SO4
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ ZunyiteAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Naβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Naβ“˜ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Naβ“˜ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Naβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Naβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O
Mgβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O
Alβ“˜ DiasporeAlO(OH)
Alβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Alβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Alβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alβ“˜ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alβ“˜ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Alβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Alβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Alβ“˜ ZunyiteAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl
Alβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Alβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ CristobaliteSiO2
Siβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Siβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Siβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Siβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ ZunyiteAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl
Siβ“˜ Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Siβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siβ“˜ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siβ“˜ Opal var. Opal-CTSiO2 · nH2O
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Sβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sβ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Sβ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Sβ“˜ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Sβ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Sβ“˜ NatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sβ“˜ SulphurS8
Sβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Sβ“˜ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte(Ba,Sr)SO4
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ ZunyiteAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Kβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Kβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
Caβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caβ“˜ Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Caβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ AnataseTiO2
Tiβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Tiβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
MnManganese
Mnβ“˜ Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
FeIron
Feβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feβ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Feβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feβ“˜ Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O
Feβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Feβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Feβ“˜ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feβ“˜ SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Feβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuβ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuβ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Cuβ“˜ EnargiteCu3AsS4
ZnZinc
Znβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asβ“˜ EnargiteCu3AsS4
SrStrontium
Srβ“˜ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte(Ba,Sr)SO4
BaBarium
Baβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Baβ“˜ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte(Ba,Sr)SO4
TaTantalum
Taβ“˜ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
PbLead
Pbβ“˜ GalenaPbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Pacific OceanOcean

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References

Schwarz-Schampera, U., Herzig, P.M., Hannington, M.D., Stoffers, P. (2001) Shallow submarine epithermal-style As-Sb-Hg-Au mineralization in the active Kermadec arc, New Zealand. In: Piestrzynski, A. et.al. (2001) Mineral deposits at the beginning of the 21st century: Proceedings of the Joiint Sixth Biennial SGA-SEG Meeting, Krakow, Poland, 26-29 August 2001. Lisse, Holanda, Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, 333-335.
Reyes, A.G., De Ronde, C.E.J., Soong, C.W.R. (2004) A Submarine Magmatic-hydrothermal System at Brothers Volcano, Kermadecs. Proceedings 26th NZ Geothermal Workshop, 46-52.
de Ronde, C.E.J., Hannington, M.D., Stoffers, P., Wright, I.C., Ditchburn, R.G., Reyes, A.G., Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Lupton, J.E., Walker, S.L., Greene, R.R., Soong, C.W.R., Ishibashi, J., Lebon, G.T., Bray, C.J., Resing, J. A. (2005) Evolution of a Submarine Magmatic-Hydrothermal System: Brothers Volcano, Southern Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 100(6), 1097-1133.
de Ronde, C.E.J., Massoth, G.J., Butterfield, D.A., Christenson, B.W., Ishibashi, J., Ditchburn, R.G., Hannington, M.D., Brathwaite, R.L., Lupton, J.E., Kamenetsky, V.S., Graham, I.J., Zellmer, G.F., Dziak, R.P., Embley, R.W., Dekov, V.M., Munnik, F., Lahr, J., Evans, L.J., Takai, K. (2011) Submarine hydrothermal activity and gold-rich mineralization at Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Mineralium Deposita, 46, 541-584.
en.wikipedia.org (2014) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers_volcano
Martin, Andrew J., Jamieson, John W., Ronde, Cornel E.J., Humphris, Susan E., Roberts, Stephen, MacLeod, Christopher J., Cai, Yuanfeng, Zhang, Chao, Schlicht, Lucy E.M., Nozaki, Tatsuo (2023) Hydrothermal Alteration Within the Brothers Submarine Arc Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 118 (7) 1657-1679 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4962
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