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Abelsonite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Abelsonite

Green River Formation, USA

Abelsonite

Green River Formation, USA

Abelsonite

Green River Formation, USA

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About AbelsoniteHide

Philip Hauge Abelson

Formula:

Ni(C₃₁H₃₂N₄)

Colour:

Pink-purple, dark greyish purple, pale purplish red, reddish brown

Lustre:

Adamantine, Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

2 - 3

Specific Gravity:

1.33 - 1.48

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Name:

For American physicist Philip Hauge Abelson (27 April 1913, Tacoma, Washington, USA - 1 August 2004, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). He was co-discoverer of element 93 (neptunium), editor of the periodical Science (1962-1984), and director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Geophysical Laboratory (1953-1971).

Type Locality:

ⓘ WOSCO Well, Uintah County, Utah, USA

Chemically a nickel porphyrine derivative, classified as deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin. Unique combination of elements; the only organonickel mineral known. Formed at depth (Milton et al., 1978), likely from a chlorophyll (but likely not the chlorophyll-d) (Storm et al., 1984).

Abelsonite is accompanied by its structural norisomer; the surrounding shale contains other Ni porphyrins, which represent a series of more extended homologues.

Structure details (Storm et al., 1984): (1) methyl groups in the 2, 3, 7, 12, and 18 positions, (2) ethyl group in the 8 and 17 positions. According to Milton et al.(1978) the molecules in abelsonite are not planar. The substitution pattern in the mineral is genetically related to a typical chlorophyll. The potential precursor to abelsonite is 17-desethyl, 17-propionic acid.

Worth of notice is an unnamed mineral coded as 'UM1984-14-CH:ClNOV', which is a natural vanadyl deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin, the second known metalloporphyrin mineral, although not isostructural with abelsonite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1:5

GUID
(UUID V4):

464e5cfa-be77-4568-a724-62137f35df18

IMA Classification of AbelsoniteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

NiC₃₁H₃₂N₄

Approval year:

1975

First published:

1978

Type description reference:

Milton, Charles, Dwornik, Edward J., Estep-Barnes, Patricia A., Finkelman, Robert B., Pabst, Adolf, Palmer, Susan (1978) Abelsonite, nickel porphyrin, a new mineral from the Green River Formation, Utah. American Mineralogist, 63 (9-10) 930-937

Classification of AbelsoniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

10.CA.20

10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
C : Miscellaneous Organic Minerals
A : Miscellaneous Organic Minerals

Dana 7th ed.:

50.4.9.1

Dana 8th ed.:

50.4.9.1

50 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
4 : Miscellaneous

Hey's CIM Ref.:

32.15

32 : Hydrocarbons, Resins and other Organic Compounds

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Abl	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of AbelsoniteHide

Lustre:

Adamantine, Sub-Metallic

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Pink-purple, dark greyish purple, pale purplish red, reddish brown

Streak:

Pink

Hardness:

2 - 3 on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
Probable on {111}.

Density:

1.33 - 1.48 g/cm³ (Measured) 1.45 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of AbelsoniteHide

Type:

Biaxial

Chemistry of AbelsoniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ni(C₃₁H₃₂N₄)

Elements listed:

C, H, N, Ni - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of AbelsoniteHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.4416(5) Å, b = 10.8919(70) Å, c = 7.2749(40) Å
α = 90.465(2)°, β = 113.158(2)°, γ = 78.080(2)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.775 : 1 : 0.668

Unit Cell V:

599.74 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Data at 100 K (Hummer et al., 2017).

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0020838	Abelsonite	Hummer D R, Noll B C, Hazen R M, Downs R T (2017) Crystal structure of abelsonite, the only known crystalline geoporphyrin American Mineralogist 102 1129-1132		2017	Green River formation, Uintah County, Utah, USA	0	100

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Abelsonite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Hummer D R'
'Noll B C'
'Hazen R M'
'Downs R T'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 102 
_journal_year 2017
_journal_page_first 1129
_journal_page_last 1132
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal structure of abelsonite, the only known crystalline geoporphyrin
 Note: T = 100 K
;
_database_code_amcsd 0020838
_chemical_compound_source 'Green River formation, Uintah County, Utah, USA'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Ni.93 Fe.05 Cr.02) N4 C31 H32'
_cell_length_a 8.4416
_cell_length_b 10.8919
_cell_length_c 7.2749
_cell_angle_alpha 90.465
_cell_angle_beta 113.158
_cell_angle_gamma 78.080
_cell_volume 599.743
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      1.437
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ni   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.93000   0.04450
Fe   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.05000   0.04450
Cr   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.02000   0.04450
N1   0.64430   0.62200   0.50510   1.00000   0.05060
N2   0.42500   0.59180   0.68930   1.00000   0.04740
C1   0.75370   0.62350   0.40300   1.00000   0.05810
C2   0.86500   0.70470   0.47660   0.37800   0.02840
C3   0.80300   0.77540   0.60300   0.50000   0.03920
C4   0.68040   0.71150   0.63040   0.50000   0.03600
C5   0.59070   0.74760   0.75300   0.50000   0.04200
C11   0.00130   0.73640   0.40790   0.37800   0.03600
C12   0.91570   0.84020   0.23740   0.37800   0.05400
C13   0.85200   0.89260   0.69950   0.50000   0.05300
C15   0.15970   0.61410   0.97280   0.50000   0.04900
C16   0.11600   0.49610   0.85150   0.50000   0.06160
C6   0.46580   0.69940   0.77700   1.00000   0.05050
C7   0.37960   0.73540   0.91340   1.00000   0.04970
C8   0.28470   0.64830   0.90570   1.00000   0.04600
C9   0.31370   0.56120   0.76920   1.00000   0.04830
C10   0.22800   0.46420   0.72770   1.00000   0.05660
C14   0.39750   0.84620   0.03570   1.00000   0.06550
C2*   0.81600   0.75070   0.43700   0.50000   0.06600
C3*   0.75100   0.80400   0.55200   0.27700   0.05400
C4*   0.63300   0.74530   0.59080   0.50000   0.04600
C5*   0.55480   0.78370   0.72400   0.50000   0.05100
C11*   0.95290   0.77160   0.35850   0.50000   0.06500
C13*   0.80000   0.92300   0.64200   0.27700   0.05300
C14*   0.73000   0.02240   0.54300   0.27700   0.06700
C15*   0.17700   0.63220   0.03400   0.50000   0.05400
C2*   0.80100   0.73200   0.40700   0.12200   0.05000
C11*   0.85500   0.80500   0.27000   0.12200   0.02800
C12*   0.05500   0.78000   0.35500   0.12200   0.04700
C3*   0.73100   0.83280   0.54000   0.22300   0.04900
C13*   0.74400   0.96510   0.60400   0.22300   0.05500
C14*   0.91380   0.96060   0.80250   0.22300   0.04200
H5   0.62220   0.81610   0.83030   0.50000   0.05000
H11A   0.05740   0.66020   0.36230   0.37800   0.04300
H11B   0.09460   0.76410   0.52200   0.37800   0.04300
H12A   0.82510   0.81200   0.12350   0.37800   0.08000
H12B   0.00580   0.85940   0.19600   0.37800   0.08000
H12C   0.86110   0.91580   0.28300   0.37800   0.08000
H13A   0.96610   0.89960   0.70020   0.50000   0.07900
H13B   0.86060   0.88800   0.83770   0.50000   0.07900
H13C   0.76120   0.96660   0.62350   0.50000   0.07900
H15A   0.05300   0.68280   0.93820   0.50000   0.05900
H15B   0.21260   0.59170   0.11930   0.50000   0.05900
H16A   0.14000   0.42290   0.94590   0.50000   0.07400
H16B   0.98910   0.51400   0.76100   0.50000   0.07400
H10   0.15180   0.45730   0.79270   0.50000   0.06800
H14A   0.47550   0.89200   0.00880   0.50000   0.09800
H14B   0.28090   0.90210   0.00020   0.50000   0.09800
H14C   0.44770   0.81740   0.17840   0.50000   0.09800
H14D   0.32720   0.84900   0.11610   0.50000   0.09800
H14E   0.52190   0.83890   0.12480   0.50000   0.09800
H14F   0.35510   0.92360   0.94650   0.50000   0.09800
H5*   0.56000   0.86310   0.77850   0.50000   0.06100
H11D   0.89690   0.78700   0.21210   0.50000   0.09700
H11E   0.04960   0.69670   0.39600   0.50000   0.09700
H11F   0.99970   0.84450   0.41710   0.50000   0.09700
H13D   0.77700   0.92970   0.76590   0.27700   0.08000
H13E   0.92910   0.91250   0.68430   0.27700   0.08000
H14G   0.75230   0.01960   0.42110   0.27700   0.10100
H14H   0.77700   0.09000   0.62120   0.27700   0.10100
H14I   0.60190   0.03840   0.50710   0.27700   0.10100
H15D   0.05190   0.64170   0.94530   0.50000   0.08000
H15E   0.18910   0.69640   0.13070   0.50000   0.08000
H15F   0.22220   0.54830   0.10590   0.50000   0.08000
H11G   0.80880   0.77770   0.13220   0.12200   0.03400
H11H   0.80490   0.89660   0.26360   0.12200   0.03400
H12D   0.09860   0.81580   0.48480   0.12200   0.07000
H12E   0.09240   0.81870   0.26210   0.12200   0.07000
H12F   0.10350   0.68890   0.37290   0.12200   0.07000
H13F   0.63740   0.00520   0.62650   0.22300   0.06600
H13G   0.74940   0.01650   0.49580   0.22300   0.06600
H14J   0.90170   0.91860   0.91330   0.22300   0.06300
H14K   0.92720   0.04660   0.83340   0.22300   0.06300
H14L   0.01820   0.91380   0.78400   0.22300   0.06300
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Ni 0.02680 0.08130 0.03450 -0.02290 -0.01650 0.01260
Fe 0.02680 0.08130 0.03450 -0.02290 -0.01650 0.01260
Cr 0.02680 0.08130 0.03450 -0.02290 -0.01650 0.01260
N1 0.04270 0.08560 0.04230 -0.03300 0.02760 -0.01450
N2 0.02540 0.08320 0.03850 -0.01810 0.01490 -0.01200
C1 0.06250 0.08500 0.05920 -0.04610 0.04390 -0.02270
C2 0.01300 0.03500 0.03100 -0.00100 0.00600 0.00200
C3 0.02500 0.05400 0.04000 -0.01200 0.01300 -0.00800
C4 0.02000 0.05000 0.03400 -0.00500 0.00900 -0.00100
C5 0.02800 0.05300 0.04500 -0.00600 0.01500 -0.00700
C11 0.02600 0.04100 0.04200 -0.01100 0.01500 -0.00200
C12 0.05100 0.07100 0.04400 -0.02600 0.01800 0.00300
C13 0.04200 0.06300 0.06200 -0.02400 0.02400 -0.02100
C15 0.04100 0.05400 0.06700 -0.01400 0.03700 -0.01000
C16 0.06400 0.07100 0.08500 -0.03400 0.05800 -0.02500
C6 0.03520 0.09100 0.03670 -0.03150 0.01750 -0.01830
C7 0.04010 0.08000 0.04110 -0.02850 0.02210 -0.01600
C8 0.03400 0.06630 0.04860 -0.01840 0.02450 -0.01430
C9 0.02960 0.07400 0.04660 -0.01520 0.01920 -0.01330
C10 0.04820 0.08900 0.05620 -0.03050 0.03800 -0.01470
C14 0.07300 0.09600 0.05710 -0.05200 0.04170 -0.03000
C2' 0.09300 0.07600 0.07500 -0.05800 0.06300 -0.02900
C3' 0.06200 0.07200 0.04700 -0.03500 0.03100 -0.01200
C4' 0.03600 0.08500 0.02900 -0.03100 0.01500 -0.00700
C5' 0.05400 0.08500 0.03300 -0.04100 0.02500 -0.02000
C11' 0.06700 0.08600 0.07100 -0.04700 0.04300 -0.01700
C13' 0.07000 0.07300 0.04800 -0.03700 0.04700 -0.01700
C14' 0.10400 0.06000 0.05600 -0.04000 0.04000 -0.02000
C15' 0.05900 0.06600 0.05900 -0.02700 0.04200 -0.01400
C2" 0.06200 0.07100 0.04800 -0.03600 0.04500 -0.01700
C11" 0.02200 0.03700 0.04000 -0.01400 0.02300 -0.00300
C12" 0.03200 0.06100 0.05400 -0.01800 0.02200 0.01000
C3" 0.06400 0.06300 0.04300 -0.02900 0.04000 -0.00800
C13" 0.05500 0.05900 0.05200 -0.01500 0.02200 -0.00600
C14" 0.05200 0.04300 0.04300 -0.02000 -0.02000 -0.01100

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
10.9 Å	(100)
7.63 Å	(50)
6.85 Å	(5)
6.63 Å	(30)
5.79 Å	(40)
5.51 Å	(35)
4.90 Å	(10)
4.39 Å	(10)
3.77 Å	(80)
3.14 Å	(40)
2.99 Å	(5)
2.60 Å	(5)
2.29 Å	(5)
2.21 Å	(5)
1.55 Å	(5)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals	<0.36

Geological Setting:

Small aggregates, to 1 cm, of thin laths or
plates. Of secondary origin on fracture surfaces in oil shale.

Type Occurrence of AbelsoniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ WOSCO Well, Uintah County, Utah, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Aggregates of platy crystals; as patches, sometimes over 2 mm in diameter.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

The Natural History Museum, London, England, number 1979,135.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, numbers 143566, 145712.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Mahogany Zone oil shale; found in six stratigraphical zones ( M9, M7, M2, L6, L0, and K1); its genesis is connected with unique geochemical conditions of Lake Uinta; likely formed due to chlorophyll diagenesis; abelsonite's relatively insoluble precursor was likely transported by an aqueous solution towards sediments of favorable lithology.

Reference:

Milton, C., Dwornik, E. J., Estep-Barnes, P. A., Finkelman, R. B., Pabst, A., & Palmer, S. (1978). Abelsonite, nickel porphyrin, a new mineral from the Green River Formation, Utah. American Mineralogist, 63(9-10), 930-937.

Download:

http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM63/AM63_930.pdf

Synonyms of AbelsoniteHide

IMA1975-013

Other Language Names for AbelsoniteHide

Czech:Abelsonit

Dutch:Abelsoniet

French:Abelsonite

German:Abelsonit

Italian:Abelsonite

Latvian:Ābelsonīts

Portuguese:Abelsonita

Spanish:Abelsonita

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

10.CA.	Tholins	(C,H,N)
10.CA.	Natrosulfatourea	Na₂(SO₄)[CO(NH₂)₂]	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
10.CA.	Allantoin	C₄H₆N₄O₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.CA.	Bojarite	Cu₃(N₃C₂H₂)₃(OH)Cl₂ · 6H₂O	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
10.CA.05	Refikite	C₂₀H₃₂O₂	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2
10.CA.10	Flagstaffite	C₁₀H₂₂O₃	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
10.CA.15	Hoelite	C₁₄H₈O₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.CA.25	Kladnoite	C₆H₄(CO)₂NH	Mon. 2/m
10.CA.30	Guanine	C₅H₅N₅O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.CA.30	Tinnunculite (of Chesnokov & Shcherbakova)	C₁₀H₁₂N₈O₈	Orth.
10.CA.35	Urea	CO(NH₂)₂	Tet. 4 2m : P4 2₁m
10.CA.40	Uricite	C₅H₄N₄O₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.CA.45	Chanabayaite	CuCl(N₃C₂H₂)(NH₃) · 0.25H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
10.CA.50	Triazolite	NaCu₂(N₃C₂H₂)₂(NH₃)₂Cl₃ · 4H₂O	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2₁
10.CA.55	Ernstburkeite	Mg(CH₃SO₃)₂ · 12H₂O	Trig. 3 : R3
10.CA.60	Joanneumite	Cu(C₃N₃O₃H₂)₂(NH₃)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
10.CA.65	Tinnunculite	C₅H₄N₄O₃ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.CA.70	Dopplerite		Amor.

Other InformationHide

IR Spectrum:

bands [cm^-1]: 2970, 2915, 2860 (C-H stretching); 620w, 602w, 535w, 512w, 441s, 392w

Notes:

UV-Vis bands [nm]: 392, 510, 550 in benzene or 390, 512, and 552 in acetone (suggestible for deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin with an isocyclic ring); also 618 band present, suggesting presence of some free-base porphyrin

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for AbelsoniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Abelsonite on Webmineral

Look for Abelsonite on Wikipedia

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for AbelsoniteHide

Reference List:

Storm, C.B., Krane, J., Skjetne, T., Telnaes, N., Branthaver, J.F., Baker, E.W. (1984) The structure of abelsonite. Science: 223: 1075-1076.

Miller, S.A., Hambley, T.W., Taylor, J.C. (1984): Crystal and molecular structure of a natural vanadyl porphyrin. Australian J. Chem.: 37: 761-766; in: Dunn, P.J., Fleischer, M., Langley, R.H., Shigley, J.E., Zilczer, J.A. (1988): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 70: 881

Mason, G.M., Trudell, L.G., Branthaver, J.F. (1989): Review of the stratigraphic distribution and diagenetic history of abelsonite. Organic Geochemistry: 14: 585-594

Lafuente, B., Downs, R.T., Yang, H., Stone, N. (2015): The power of databases: the RRUFF project. In: Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography, T. Armbruster and R. M Danisi, eds. Berlin, Germany, W. De Gruyter: pp 1-30; http://rruff.info/Abelsonite (2016)

Anthony, John W., Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy. https://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/

Daniel R. Hummer, Bruce C. Noll, Robert M. Hazen, Robert T. Downs (2017): Crystal structure of abelsonite, the only known crystalline geoporphyrin. American Mineralogist 102, 1129-1132.

(2023) Abelsonite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for AbelsoniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


USA
Colorado Rio Blanco County Piceance Creek Basin ⓘ Piceance Creek Basin Saline Deposits (Piceance Creek Basin Nahcolite and Dawsonite Deposits)	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
ⓘ Green River Formation	MILTON (1977)
Utah Uintah County ⓘ ERDA/LERC no. 2 Well	Milton et al. (1978)
ⓘ ERDA/LERC no. 3 Well	Milton et al. (1978)
ⓘ ERDA/LERC no. 4 Well	Milton et al. (1978)
ⓘ ERDA/LERC no. 6 Well	Milton et al. (1978)
ⓘ ERDA/LERC no. 7 Well	Milton et al. (1978)
ⓘ ERDA/LERC no. 8 Well	Milton et al. (1978)
ⓘ ERDA/LERC no. 9 Well	Milton et al. (1978)
ⓘ WOSCO Well (TL)	Milton et al. (1978)

Abelsonite

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