Clinoclase
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About Clinoclase
Formula:
Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3
Colour:
Blue, greenish-blue, dark green-black; blue-green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
4.38
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1830 by August Breithaupt from the Greek κλίυειυ = "to incline" and κλαυ = "to break," in allusion to its oblique basal cleavage.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Clinoclase.
Classification of Clinoclase
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
7/B.13-20
8.BE.20
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
41.3.1.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)3(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)3(XO4)Zq
20.1.3
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
1 : Arsenates of Cu
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
1 : Arsenates of Cu
Pronounciation of Clinoclase
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Clinoclase
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Lustre pearly on cleavage surfaces.
Colour:
Blue, greenish-blue, dark green-black; blue-green in transmitted light.
Streak:
Bluish green
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, perfect.
On {001}, perfect.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.38 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.42 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Clinoclase
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.730 nβ = 1.870 nγ = 1.910
2V:
Measured: 30° , Calculated: 52°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.180

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r < v, relatively strong
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Pale blue-green
Y = b = Light blue green
Z = near a = Benzol green
Y = b = Light blue green
Z = near a = Benzol green
Chemical Properties of Clinoclase
Formula:
Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3
IMA Formula:
Cu3AsO4(OH)3
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Clinoclase
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.4 Å, b = 6.47 Å, c = 7.27 Å
β = 99.58°
β = 99.58°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.917 : 1 : 1.124
Unit Cell V:
575.12 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals elongated [010] and tabular {001}; also rhombohedral in aspect, or elongated [001] with {100} prominent; grouped into rosettes, as crusts and coatings. Densely aggregated with a fibrous structure at times.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Type Occurrence of Clinoclase
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Clinoclase
Other Language Names for Clinoclase
Catalan:Clinoclasa
German:Klinoklas
Abichit
Aphanesit
Clinoclasit
Siderochalcit
Strahlenerz
Strahlenkupfer
Strahlerz
Strahliges Olivenerz
Abichit
Aphanesit
Clinoclasit
Siderochalcit
Strahlenerz
Strahlenkupfer
Strahlerz
Strahliges Olivenerz
Italian:Clinoclasio
Portuguese:Clinoclase
Russian:Клиноклаз
Simplified Chinese:光线石
Slovak:Klinoklas
Ukrainian:Кліноклаз
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Cornwallite | 70 photos of Clinoclase associated with Cornwallite on mindat.org. |
Olivenite | 43 photos of Clinoclase associated with Olivenite on mindat.org. |
Strashimirite | 27 photos of Clinoclase associated with Strashimirite on mindat.org. |
Quartz | 15 photos of Clinoclase associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Azurite | 14 photos of Clinoclase associated with Azurite on mindat.org. |
Malachite | 13 photos of Clinoclase associated with Malachite on mindat.org. |
Liroconite | 10 photos of Clinoclase associated with Liroconite on mindat.org. |
Chrysocolla | 8 photos of Clinoclase associated with Chrysocolla on mindat.org. |
Cornubite | 8 photos of Clinoclase associated with Cornubite on mindat.org. |
Parnauite | 4 photos of Clinoclase associated with Parnauite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
8.BE.05 | Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
8.BE.10 | Grattarolaite | Fe3+3(PO4)O3 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
8.BE.15 | Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
8.BE.25 | Arhbarite | Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.BE.25 | Gilmarite | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 | Tric. |
8.BE.30 | Allactite | Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.BE.30 | Flinkite | Mn2+2Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)4 | Orth. |
8.BE.30 | Raadeite | Mg7(PO4)2(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m |
8.BE.30 | Argandite | Mn7(VO4)2(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
8.BE.35 | Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
8.BE.35 | Magnesiochlorophoenicite | (Mg,Mn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
8.BE.40 | Gerdtremmelite | (Zn,Fe)(Al,Fe)2(AsO4)(OH)5 | Tric. |
8.BE.45 | Dixenite | CuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6 | Trig. |
8.BE.45 | Hematolite | (Mn,Mg,Al,Fe3+)15(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
8.BE.45 | Kraisslite | Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16 | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
8.BE.45 | Mcgovernite | Mn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) |
8.BE.45 | Arakiite | (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 | Mon. |
8.BE.45 | Turtmannite | (Mn,Mg)22.5Mg3-3x((V5+,As5+)O4)3(As3+O3)x(SiO4)3O5-5x(OH)20+x | Trig. |
8.BE.45 | Carlfrancisite | Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42[As3+O3]2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
8.BE.50 | Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
8.BE.55 | Holdenite | (Mn2+,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ccca |
8.BE.60 | Kolicite | Mn2+7Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca |
8.BE.65 | Sabelliite | (Cu,Zn)2Zn(AsO4,SbO4)(OH)3 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
8.BE.70 | Jarosewichite | Mn2+3Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)6 | Orth. 2 2 2 |
8.BE.75 | Theisite | Cu5Zn5(AsO4,SbO4)2(OH)14 | Orth. |
8.BE.80 | Coparsite | Cu4(AsO4,VO4)O2Cl | Orth. |
8.BE.85 | Waterhouseite | Mn2+7(PO4)2(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
20.1.1 | Lammerite | Cu3(AsO4)2 | Mon. |
20.1.2 | Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
20.1.4 | Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
20.1.5 | Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.1.6 | Chlorotile (of Frenzel) | ||
20.1.7 | Geminite | Cu(HAsO4) · H2O | Tric. |
20.1.8 | Euchroite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
20.1.9 | Strashimirite | Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O | Mon. |
20.1.10 | Arhbarite | Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.1.11 | Lindackerite | CuCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.1.12 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
20.1.13 | Liroconite | Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
20.1.14 | Ceruleite | Cu2Al7(AsO4)4(OH)13 · 11.5H2O | Tric. |
20.1.15 | Chenevixite | Cu2Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
20.1.16 | Arthurite | CuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Clinoclase
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Bournon (1801) Phil. Trans.: 91: 181 (as Arseniate of copper, 4th species).
Karsten (1801) Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, N. Schr.: 3: 288 (as Strahliges Olivenerz).
Karsten, D.L.G. (1808) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. second edition: 64, 97 (as Strahlenerz).
Hausmann, J.F.L. (1813) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen: 1050 (as Strahlenkupfer).
Haüy, R.J. (1822) Traité de minéralogie. First edition: in 4 volumes with atlas in fol.; also (1801), Paris; second edition, 4 volumes, with fol. Atlas: 3: 504 (as Cuivre arseniaté).
Breithaupt, A. (1830) Ubersicht des Mineral-System’s. 8vo, Freiberg (as Klinoklas).
Glocker, E.F. (1831) Handbuch der Mineralogie, Nürnberg: 840 (as Siderochalcit).
Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 602 (as Aphanèse).
Shepard, C.U. (1835) Treatise on Mineralogy. First edition: vol. 2: 35 (as Aphanesite).
Bernhardi in: Glocker, E.F. (1839) Handbuch der Mineralogie, 2nd. edition, Nürnberg: 579 (as Abichit).
Damour (1845) Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 13: 412.
Dana, J.D. (1868) System of Mineralogy, 5th. Edition, New York: 570 (as Clinoclasite).
Des Cloizeaux, A. (1874) Manuel de minéralogie. 2 volumes and Atlas, Paris. volume 2, 1 Fasc., 208pp.: 417.
Hillebrand and Washington (1888) American Journal of Science: 35: 305.
Hintze, Carl (1889) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4B]: 1106.
Gianella (1946) American Mineralogist: 31: 259.
Palache, C. and Berry (1946) American Mineralogist: 31: 243.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 787-789.
Acta Crystallographica: C46: 2291-2294.
Acta Crystallographica: 18: 777-787.
Stefan Lebernegg, Alexander A. Tsirlin, Oleg Janson, Helge Rosner (2013): Two energy scales of spin dimers in clinoclase Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3. Phys. Rev. B 87, 235117. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.0964v1]
Internet Links for Clinoclase
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1055.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Clinoclase
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| American Mineralogist (1982) 67:833-840 |
Australia | |
| No reference listed |
| Crane, M.J., Sharpe, J.L., and Williams, P.A. (2001): Records of the Australian Museum 53, 49-56.; Munro-Smith, V., Leverett, P., Sciberras, M. J., Sharpe, J. L., Williams, P. A. and Melchiorre, E. B. (2015): Copper and cobalt mineralization from the Desolation prospect, Mount Isa Block, Queensland. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 17, 83-87.; Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. |
| [UKJMM 19:24] |
| Bayliss, P., Lawrence, L. J., Watson, D. (1966): Rare copper arsenates from Dome Rock, South Australia. Australian Journal of Science 29, 145-146.; Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. |
| Nickel, E.H., Gartrell, B.J. (1993) Secondary Minerals of Ashburton Downs Western Australia, Mineralogical Record (May-June 1993) 24:3: 203-218. |
Mineralogical Record 24,203-216,218. | |
Min.Record 24,203-218(1993) | |
Austria | |
| R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) | |
Belgium | |
| Hatert, F., Blondieau, M., Puccio, S., Baijot, M. et Gustine, C. (2014) - Le gisement de manganèse de la vallée de la Lienne, Belgique. Le Règne Minéral, 117, pp. 5-28, editions du Piat. |
Bulgaria | |
| Minceva-Stefanova, J. (2001): Arsenate minerals diversity in oxidation zones of the polymetallic stratabound deposits in Western Balkan Mountain. - Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 54, 6, 39-42. |
| Minceva-Stefanova, J. (2001). Arsenate minerals diversity in oxidation zones of the polymetallic stratabound deposits in Western Balkan Mountain. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 54(6), 39. |
Chile | |
| X-ray diffraction probed [Uwe Kolitsch] |
| Samples in the I. Domeyko Museum, of La Serena School of Mines |
| U. Kolitsch collection |
| In the collection of Brent Thorne. Collected by Terry Szenics. |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany.; http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~mineralogische-sammlungen-dmg/analysen/philipsburgit.htm |
China | |
| Lairen Lai and Yi Li (1988): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 8(3), 282-288; Yi Li (2001): Guangxi Geology 14(1), 61-64 |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101. |
| Sejkora, J.: Uranové ložisko Zálesí v Rychlebských horách. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 105-110. |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992) |
France | |
| J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994 |
| Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997 |
| P&T N°23-24, H. BARI 1982, Minéralogie des filons du Neuenberg à Sainte Marie aux Mines (Haut-Rhin). |
| Georges Favreau collection |
Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997 | |
| J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994 |
| Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997 |
| - ESCANDE, J.-C., JOHAN, Z., LOUGNON, J., PICOT, P. & PILLARD, F. (1973): Note sur la présence de minéraux de bismuth dans un filon de barytine et fluorine à Faymont, près Le Val-d'Ajol (Vosges). - Bull. Soc. fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. 96, 398-399. - ASSELBORN, E. (1982): Le filon des roches en Val d'Ajol. - Minéraux et Fossiles 88, 32-37. - FLUCK, P. & STEIN, S. (1992): Espèces minérales des principaux districts miniers du massif vosgien. - Pierres et Terre 35 (December 1992), 120 pp. - L'HEUR, C. & MOREAU, F. (1994): Les minéralisations du filon du Bas Hérival près du Val d`Ajol (Vosges). – Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 2, 3-14. - HOHL, J. L. (1994): Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien. - Ed. du Rhin, Mulhouse, Frankreich. - U. Kolitsch (1997): New mineral occurrences from some localities in the Vosges, France: Triembach, Bluttenberg and Val d'Ajol. Aufschluss 48 (2), 65-91. (in German) - Favreau, G. et Iltis, A. (2000): Données complémentaires sur les minéraux du Val d'Ajol (Vosges). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (1), 39-54. |
Thierry Brunsperger Collection; - ESCANDE, J.-C., JOHAN, Z., LOUGNON, J., PICOT, P. & PILLARD, F. (1973): Note sur la présence de minéraux de bismuth dans un filon de barytine et fluorine à Faymont, près Le Val-d'Ajol (Vosges). - Bull. Soc. fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. 96, 398-399. - ASSELBORN, E. (1982): Le filon des roches en Val d'Ajol. - Minéraux et Fossiles 88, 32-37. - FLUCK, P. & STEIN, S. (1992): Espèces minérales des principaux districts miniers du massif vosgien. - Pierres et Terre 35 (December 1992), 120 pp. - L'HEUR, C. & MOREAU, F. (1994): Les minéralisations du filon du Bas Hérival près du Val d`Ajol (Vosges). – Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 2, 3-14. - HOHL, J. L. (1994): Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien. - Ed. du Rhin, Mulhouse, Frankreich. - U. Kolitsch (1997): New mineral occurrences from some localities in the Vosges, France: Triembach, Bluttenberg and Val d'Ajol. Aufschluss 48 (2), 65-91. (in German) - Favreau, G. et Iltis, A. (2000): Données complémentaires sur les minéraux du Val d'Ajol (Vosges). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (1), 39-54. ; - ESCANDE, J.-C., JOHAN, Z., LOUGNON, J., PICOT, P. & PILLARD, F. (1973): Note sur la présence de minéraux de bismuth dans un filon de barytine et fluorine à Faymont, près Le Val-d'Ajol (Vosges). - Bull. Soc. fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. 96, 398-399. - ASSELBORN, E. (1982): Le filon des roches en Val d'Ajol. - Minéraux et Fossiles 88, 32-37. - FLUCK, P. & STEIN, S. (1992): Espèces minérales des principaux districts miniers du massif vosgien. - Pierres et Terre 35 (December 1992), 120 pp. - L'HEUR, C. & MOREAU, F. (1994): Les minéralisations du filon du Bas Hérival près du Val d`Ajol (Vosges). – Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 2, 3-14. - HOHL, J. L. (1994): Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien. - Ed. du Rhin, Mulhouse, Frankreich. - U. Kolitsch (1997): New mineral occurrences from some localities in the Vosges, France: Triembach, Bluttenberg and Val d'Ajol. Aufschluss 48 (2), 65-91. (in German) - Favreau, G. et Iltis, A. (2000): Données complémentaires sur les minéraux du Val d'Ajol (Vosges). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (1), 39-54. | |
| Favreau, G., Berbain, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Cyanophyllite et autres minéraux rares de Padern (Aude). Le Cahiers des Micromonteurs, 82(4), 17-23. |
| Le Règne Minéral, Hors série (3), 36-54 |
| Pelison P., Descouens D. (1987), Présence de minéraux de néoformation dans les scories de l'ancienne usine de Villagnère (Aude), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 6-10 |
| [Le Règne Minéral 1997, 13, p.5-18] |
| collection bernard bouissac/antoine martinez |
| [UKJMM 2:11-15 "Cap Gronne Secondary Copper and Lead - W.R. van den Berg"] |
Germany | |
| S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992 |
| Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald |
| Walenta, K. (1996): Neufunde aus dem Schwarzwald. 6. Folge, 1. Teil. Lapis 21 (7-8), 70-76. |
| Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German) |
| Lapis, 12 (10), 23-32+58. |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
Greece | |
| Chollet Pascal photo |
| Skarpelis, N., & Triantafyllidis, S. (2004). Environmental impact from supergene alteration and exploitation of a high sulphidation epithermal type mineralisation (Kirki, NE Greece). Applied Earth Science, 113(1), 110-116. |
Hungary | |
| No reference listed |
Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral species of Hungary, 2005 | |
Ireland | |
| Moreton, S. & Green, D.I. (2006) UK Journal of Mines & Minerals, No. 27, p41-4. |
Italy | |
| [MinRec 32:360] |
| Redazione (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia Ferrania Club, 19, 3-5. |
| Bedognè,F,,Montrasio; A. & Sciesa;E. (2006): I minerali della media-alta Valtellina delle Orobie valtellinesi e della Val Poschiavo. Bettini, Sondrio, Italia, 255. |
| "Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)" |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp. |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi, G. (1993) Sarrabus. Miniere e Minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Mineralogia Paleontologia e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gruppo Mineralogico Paleontologico Piacentino, et al., Stige Milano Srl, Milano, 208 pp. |
Japan | |
| Tokyo University collection |
| Minato (1954) Mineralogical Journal, 1, 89-96. |
Shirose, Y. & Uehara, S. (2011) Philipsburgite from the Yamato mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 106, 153-157.; Nagashima, M., Akasaka, M., & Morifuku, Y. (2016). Ore and Skarn Mineralogy of the Yamato Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, with Emphasis on Silver‐, Bismuth‐, Cobalt‐, and Tin‐bearing Sulfides. Resource Geology, 66(1), 37-54. | |
Uehara, S., et al. (2014) Minerals from Kyushu and Yamaguchi. (Fukuoka Mineral Club, 355 pages) | |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
| Melvin Machin collection |
| Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan) |
Mexico | |
| Jean des Rivieres |
| Peter Megaw; Petet Megaw |
| James McGasson, 2018 on Peter Megaw specimens |
Morocco | |
| Jahn, S., Bode, R., Lyckberg,P., Medenbach, O. & Lierl, H.-J. (2003): Marokko. land der schönen Mineralien und Fossilien. Bode Verlag. 535p. (p.154-157) |
| Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68 |
Namibia | |
| Mineralien-Welt 19 (1), p. 22 (2008); Blaß, G., Kruijen, F. & Seyb, R. (2009): Neues von der Tsumeb Mine. Mineralien-Welt 20 (5), 60-65 (in German); Krahn, L. (2010): Neu: Philipsburgit aus der Tsumeb-Mine, Namibia. Lapis 35 (1), 42-43; 62; Zindel, J. (2010): Erstnachweis von Klinoklas für Tsumeb. Mineralien-Welt 21 (4), 36-41. |
Poland | |
| Siuda, R., Gołębiowska, B. (2003): Nowe dane o minerałach wietrzeniowych złoża Miedzianka-Ciechanowice w Rudawach Janowickich (Dolny Śląsk, Polska). Przegląd Geologiczny: 59(3): 226-252 (in Polish) |
Portugal | |
| Marques de Sá, J. & Leal Gomes, C. (2010): Les mines de cuivre et nickel de Palhal et Telhadela, Albergaria-a-Velha, Aveiro, Portugal. Le Règne Minéral, 92, 36-47. |
| |
| Martins da Pedra collection |
Slovakia | |
| Martin Števko, unpublished-EMPA-WDS and PXRD confirmed |
Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 2 Ko-Seč, Bratislava, Veda 1990, s. 731-738. | |
| Števko M., Sejkora J., Bačík P., 2011: Mineralogy and origin of supergene mineralization at the Farbište ore occurrence near Poniky, central Slovakia. Journal of Geosciences, 57, 3, 273-298. |
| Števko M., Sejkora J. 2012: Supergene arsenates of copper from Špania Dolina-Piesky deposit, Central Slovakia. Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Actract Series 7, 130. |
| Sejkora J., Ďuďa R., Novotná M., 2001: Minerály oxidační zóny žíly Krížová, Gelnica, Slovenské Rudohorie. Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz., 9, 121-139. |
| Števko M., Dojčanský Ľ., Volejník M., Sejkora J. (2017): Nový nález sekundárnych minerálov na Hrubej žile v Rudňanoch. Minerál, 25, 1, 87-93 (in Slovak). |
| Řídkošil, T. (1981): Klinoklas z Novoveské Huty na Slovensku. Acta Univ. Carol., Geol., 1, 45-52. |
Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p | |
South Africa | |
| Robert O. Meyer collection; Dr. Hans Börner collection |
Min.Rec.:20(5):398. | |
Malcolm Southwood (2002) Arsenical Ramblings. British Micromount society Newsletter 61:2-9 | |
| Meulenbeld, P.M.P.B., Grote, W. & Verryn, S. (2014) The Albert silver mine and trippkeite occurrence. Rock & Minerals 89(5), 417-422. |
Spain | |
| FAVREAU et al. (2013) |
| Calvo, M. (2015): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. VII, Fosfatos, arseniatos y vanadatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 479 pp. |
| Calvo, M. (2008). Minerales de Aragón. Prames, Zaragoza. 461 pags. |
| J. Gröbner und B. Sainz de Barranda (1999): Die Mineralien der Kupfergrube bei Pardos in der Provinz Guadalajara, Spanien. Mineralien-Welt 10 (4), 26-31. (in German) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008): Minerals I Mines De La Conca De Bellmunt Del Priorat. |
| Casanova Honrubia, Juan Miguel & Canseco Caballé, Manuel, 2002, Minerales de la Comunidad Valenciana : 237 p. Ed. Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo. Alicante |
UK | |
| Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp.; Bruce, I, & D. Aubrey-Jones (1998) UKJMM 19:18-23 |
| BMS Collection |
| Phillips, W. (1823): An Elementary Introduction to the Knowledge of Mineralogy, 3rd ed. William Phillips (London), 535 pp.; Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp.; American Mineralogist 36:484-503 |
David Ifold collection | |
| Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108. |
| Phillips, W. (1823) An Elementary Introduction to the Knowledge of Mineralogy, 3rd ed. William Phillips (London), 535 pp.; Hall, T.M. (1868) The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp.; Miers, H.A. (1894) Spangolite. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 10, n° 48, 273-277. |
Phillips, W. (1823): An Elementary Introduction to the Knowledge of Mineralogy, 3rd ed. William Phillips (London), 535 pp.; Embrey, P.G., and Symes, R.F. (1987): Minerals of Cornwall and Devon. British Museum of Natural History (London), 154 pp. | |
| Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp. |
[Golley & Williams, 1995 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual", 18] | |
| Golley, P. & Williams, R. (1995): Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications (Truro), 104 pp. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 789; BMS Collection |
USA | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 177; Keith, S.B. (1972), Mineralogy and paragenesis of the 79 mine lead-zinc-copper deposit, Min.Rec.: 3: 247-264. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 177. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 177, 292, 325; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 177, 316. |
Brian Beck Collected, Attard Minerals XRF, Univ. of Arizona microprobe | |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 188. | |
| Dunning, G.E., Cooper, J.F. (2005) Mineralogy of the Spring Creek area, Last Chance mining district, Plumas County, California. Axis: 1: 1-30. |
| Mineralogical Record 24: 381 |
| Waisman D. (1992) Minerals of the Black Pine Mine, Granite County, Montana Mineralogical Record, Vol. 23 No. 6, p. 477-483.; Gobla, M. J. (2012) Montana Mineral Locality Index. Rocks and Minerals 87:208-240. |
Rob Lavinsky specimen | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 789.; Ameican Mineralogist, Volume 63, pages 704-708, 1978 |
Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171-180. | |
Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171-180. | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada | |
| Dunn(1995):Pt5:666. |
| Northrop, 3rd rev. ed. (1996) Minerals of New Mexico |
| Dana 6:1092; Dana 7:II:579. |
| [Mineralogical Record 29:177] |
| Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne. |
Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 1092.; Miers, H.A. (1894) Spangolite. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 10, n° 48, 273-277.; Palache, C., Berman, H., and Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 562, 789.; Rocks & Minerals: 63: 130. | |
| R&M 68:6 p372-380 |
Min News 8:1 p6-7 | |
| Kokinos, M. and Wise, W.S. (1993), Famous Mineral Localities: the Gold Hill mine, Tooele County, Utah. Mineralogical Record: 24(1): 11-22. |
Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 | |
Rick Dalrymple Collection | |
Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 | |
Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 | |
Zimbabwe | |
| Vetter, U., Weck, H.-D., Weale, T., Klosa, D., Wittich, C. and Hoffmann, K. (1999): A provisional inventory of the Sanyati oxide-zone minerals, Zimbabwe. Z. Angew. Geol. 45, 15-21.; Frei, Martina (2005) Composition, formation, and leaching behaviour of supergene, polymetallic ores from the Sanyati deposit (Zimbabwe): A case study |
Tin stope, Majuba Hill Mine, Antelope District, Pershing Co., Nevada, USA