Clintonite
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DeWitt Clinton
Formula:
Ca(Mg,Al)3(Al3SiO10)(OH)2
System:
Monoclinic
Colour:
Brown, golden brown, ...
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
3½ - 6
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1843 by William Williams Mather, John Finch, and William Horton in honor of DeWitt Clinton [March 2, 1769 Little Britain, New York, USA - February 11, 1828 Albany, New York, USA], multi-talented American statesman and naturalist. Clinton was a Congressional senator for New York and later mayor of New York City. He was an organizer of the Historical Society of New York and the American Academy of Fine Arts. Clinton was one of the original surveyors of the route of the Erie Canal and later governor of New York state (July 1, 1817 - December 31, 1822. Work of the Erie Canal began with Clinton's breaking the ground for construction on July 4, 1817. Daniel Walker Howe (2007) wrote about Clinton: "The infrastructure he worked to create would transform American life, enhancing economic opportunity, political participation, and intellectual awareness." Sixteen towns and eight USA state counties are named for him.
Isostructural with:
Classification of Clintonite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8/H.12-60
9.EC.35
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
71.2.2c.2
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
16.11.5
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
11 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and Mg with or without alkalis
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
11 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and Mg with or without alkalis
Physical Properties of Clintonite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Brown, golden brown, reddish brown, yellow green, dark green
Streak:
Colorless to white, pale brown
Hardness (Mohs):
3½ - 6
Comment:
Extreme hardness variation. 3.5 || {001}, 6 ⊥ {001}
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Fracture:
Micaceous
Density:
3.0 - 3.1 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.12 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Clintonite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.643 - 1.648 nβ = 1.655 - 1.662 nγ = 1.655 - 1.663
2V:
Measured: 2° to 40°
Birefringence:
0.013
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012 - 0.015
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
Y=b 1M or Z=b 2M1
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X
Chemical Properties of Clintonite
Formula:
Ca(Mg,Al)3(Al3SiO10)(OH)2
IMA Formula:
CaAlMg2(SiAl3)O10(OH)2
Analytical Data:
Al may be present in excess amounts in tetrahedral sites
Common Impurities:
Na,K,Ti,Fe,F
Crystallography of Clintonite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Space Group Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.204 Å, b = 9.026 Å, c = 9.812 Å
β = 100.35°
β = 100.35°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.577 : 1 : 1.087
Unit Cell Volume:
V 453.38 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Platy
Comment:
Space group C2/m (1M polytype); 2M1 and 3A polytypes rare.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.68 | (50) |
| 3.21 | (70) |
| 2.56 | (100) |
| 2.45 | (50) |
| 2.11 | (70) |
| 1.505 | (60) |
| 1.485 | (50) |
Comments:
ICDD 20-321
Occurrences of Clintonite
Type Occurrence of Clintonite
General Appearance of Type Material:
bronzey plates in matrix
Geological Setting of Type Material:
High temperature marble
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Relationship of Clintonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Group:
| Aluminoceladonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)Al(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Anandite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2 |
| Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Aspidolite | NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Balestraite | KLi2V5+Si4O12 |
| Biotite | A series or subgroup of the Mica Group. |
| Bityite | LiCaAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| Boromuscovite | KAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Brammallite | (Na,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
| Celadonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)Fe3+(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Chernykhite | (Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
| Chromceladonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr,Al)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Chromphyllite | K(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
| Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Ephesite | LiNaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Ferroaluminoceladonite | K(Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Ferroceladonite | K(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe3+,Al)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Ferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 |
| Fluorannite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Ganterite | (Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Garmite | CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
| Glauconite | (K,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)(Fe3+,Al)(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| Hendricksite | K(Zn,Mg,Mn2+)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Kinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Lepidolite | A Li-rich mica in, or close to, the so-called Polylithionite-Trilithionite series. |
| Luanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH,F)2 |
| Manganiceladonite | KMgMn3+Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Montdorite | (K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)5(Si4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
| Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Nanpingite | CsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
| Natro-glauconite | (Na,K)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
| Norrishite | KLiMn23+(Si4O10)O2 |
| Oxykinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2 |
| Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 |
| Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Phengite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| Preiswerkite | NaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Roscoelite | K(V3+,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Shirokshinite | KNaMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
| Shirozulite | K(Mn2+,Mg)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Siderophyllite | KFe22+Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| Sokolovaite | CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 |
| Suhailite | (NH4)Fe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Tainiolite | KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
| Tetraferriannite | KFe32+((Fe3+,Al)Si3O10)(OH)2 |
| Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2 |
| Tobelite | (NH4,K)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Trilithionite | K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMg | KLiMgAl2Si3O10F2 |
| Voloshinite | Rb(LiAl1.5□1.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2 |
| Wonesite | (Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
| Yangzhumingite | KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2 |
| Zinnwaldite | KLiFe2+Al(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
Common Associates:
| 9.EC.05 | Minnesotaite | Fe32+Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.05 | Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.05 | Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.10 | Ferripyrophyllite | Fe3+Si2O5(OH) |
| 9.EC.10 | Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Boromuscovite | KAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Celadonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)Fe3+(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Chernykhite | (Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Montdorite | (K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)5(Si4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
| 9.EC.15 | Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Nanpingite | CsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Roscoelite | K(V3+,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Tobelite | (NH4,K)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Aluminoceladonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)Al(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Chromphyllite | K(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Ferroaluminoceladonite | K(Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Ferroceladonite | K(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe3+,Al)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Chromceladonite | K(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr,Al)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Tainiolite | KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Ganterite | (Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Ephesite | LiNaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Hendricksite | K(Zn,Mg,Mn2+)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Norrishite | KLiMn23+(Si4O10)O2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Preiswerkite | NaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Siderophyllite | KFe22+Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Fluorotetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Wonesite | (Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
| 9.EC.20 | Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Tetraferriannite | KFe32+((Fe3+,Al)Si3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Trilithionite | K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Fluorannite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Shirokshinite | KNaMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Shirozulite | K(Mn2+,Mg)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Sokolovaite | CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Aspidolite | NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi | (Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Suhailite | (NH4)Fe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Yangzhumingite | KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Orlovite | KLi2Ti(Si4O10)OF |
| 9.EC.20 | Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 |
| 9.EC.25 | Brammallite | (Na,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.30 | Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Anandite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Bityite | LiCaAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Kinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Ferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Oxykinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Fluorokinoshitalite | BaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.40 | Beidellite | (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.40 | Kurumsakite | (Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V25+Si5O35 · 27H2O (?) |
| 9.EC.40 | Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.40 | Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.40 | Volkonskoite | Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.40 | Yakhontovite | (Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.45 | Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Spadaite | MgSiO2(OH)2 · H2O (?) |
| 9.EC.45 | Stevensite | (Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.45 | Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)4((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Zincsilite | Zn3(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.50 | Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| 9.EC.55 | Baileychlore | (Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Cookeite | (Al2Li)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Franklinfurnaceite | Ca2Fe3+Mn32+Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Nimite | (Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Orthochamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Sudoite | Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Donbassite | Al4.33(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Glagolevite | Na(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Borocookeite | Li1+3xAl4-x(BSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.60 | Aliettite | Ca0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Corrensite | (Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Dozyite | Mg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12 |
| 9.EC.60 | Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Karpinskite | (Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?) |
| 9.EC.60 | Kulkeite | Mg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10 |
| 9.EC.60 | Lunijianlaite | Li0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10 |
| 9.EC.60 | Rectorite | (Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Saliotite | (Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5 |
| 9.EC.60 | Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Brinrobertsite | Na0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 · 3.5 H2O |
| 9.EC.65 | Macaulayite | (Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.70 | Burckhardtite | Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6 |
| 9.EC.75 | Ferrisurite | (Pb,Ca)2.4Fe23+(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.75 | Surite | (Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.75 | Niksergievite | (Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.80 | Kegelite | Pb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8 |
| 16.11.1 | Madisonite | Ca2Mg2Al2Si3O13 or near |
| 16.11.3 | Alumino-magnesio-hornblende | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 16.11.4 | Tschermakite | ☐(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 16.11.6 | Juanite | Ca10Mg4Al2Si11O39 · 4H2O or near |
| 16.11.7 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 16.11.8 | Tacharanite | Ca12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36 |
| 16.11.9 | Aluminobarroisite | ☐{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 16.11.10 | Taramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 16.11.12 | Edenite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 16.11.13 | Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 16.11.14 | Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
| 16.11.15 | Beidellite | (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 16.11.15 | Magnesiosadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 |
| 16.11.16 | Sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Si5Al3O22)(OH)2 |
Other Names for Clintonite
Name in Other Languages:
Other Information
Not fluorescent in UV
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Clintonite
Reference List:
Sanero E. – (1940) La struttura della xantofillite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 53-77.
Forman, S.A., H. Kodama, and S. Abbey (1967): A re-examination of xanthophyllite [clintonite] from the type locality. Can. Mineral., 9, 25-30.
MacKinney, J.A., C.I. Mora, and S.W. Bailey (1988): Structure and crystal chemistry of clintonite. Am. Mineral., 73, 365-375.
Canadian Mineralogist: 36: 905-912.
Forman, S.A., H. Kodama, and S. Abbey (1967): A re-examination of xanthophyllite [clintonite] from the type locality. Can. Mineral., 9, 25-30.
MacKinney, J.A., C.I. Mora, and S.W. Bailey (1988): Structure and crystal chemistry of clintonite. Am. Mineral., 73, 365-375.
Canadian Mineralogist: 36: 905-912.
Internet Links for Clintonite
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Localities for Clintonite
This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
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(TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
Chile | |
| Sugaki, A., Campos, E. & Kojima, S. (2000): Mineralogy of the Panulcillo skarn copper deposit, Coquimbo region, Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile 27, 139-155. |
China | |
| Jianwei Wang and Zhengmin Cao (1992): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 11(4) |
| Zheng-Min Cao, Shan Qin, Yu-Run Bi, and Jian-Wei Wang (1997): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica [Yanshikuangwuxue Zazhi] 16(4), 353-356. |
Czech Republic | |
| Houzar, S., Litochleb, J., Sejkora, J., Cempirek, J., & Cicha, J. (2008). Unusual mineralization with niobian titanite and Bi-tellurides in scheelite skarn from Kamenné doly quarry near Písek, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. Journal of Geosciences, 53(1), 1-16. |
| Houzar, S. & Novák, M. (2006): Clintonite-bearing assemblages in chondrodite marbles from the contact aureole of the Trebic Pluton, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 51, 249-258. [http://www.jgeosci.org/content/JCGS2006_3-4__houzar.pdf] |
| Houzar, S. & Novák, M. (2006): Clintonite-bearing assemblages in chondrodite marbles from the contact aureole of the Trebic Pluton, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 51, 249-258. [http://www.jgeosci.org/content/JCGS2006_3-4__houzar.pdf] | |
| Houzar, S. & Novák, M. (2006): Clintonite-bearing assemblages in chondrodite marbles from the contact aureole of the Trebic Pluton, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 51, 249-258. [http://www.jgeosci.org/content/JCGS2006_3-4__houzar.pdf] | |
Finland | |
| Hietala, Satu 2012. Paraisten kalkkilouhoksen mineraaleista. Kivi 1/2012 12-18. |
France | |
| Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p |
Greenland | |
| Petersen, O. V. & Secher, K. (1993): The Minerals of Greenland. Mineralogical Record 24 (2): 1-67 |
| Windley B.F. et al. (1989): Geikielite and ilmenite in Archaean meta-ultramafic rocks, Fiskenaesset, West Greenland. European Journal of Mineralogy. 1, 427-437 | |
Hungary | |
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| Fehér, B. (2004): Clintonite, a trioctahedral brittle mica from the Salabasina Ravine, Pomáz, Visegrád Mountains, Hungary. Földtani Közlöny, 134, 29–39. (in Hungarian with English abstract) [http://www.mineral.hermuz.hu/munkat/feher/publ/clintonit.pdf]; Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2006 | |
| Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995 |
Indonesia | |
| Amer.Min.(1995) 80, 65-77 |
| Am Min 73:3-4 pp 365-375 | |
Iran | |
| Taghipour, B., Mackizadeh, M.A. and Moore, F. 2011. Paragenetic relationships of clintonite and spinel in Central Iran skarns as evidence of the formation of clintonite. N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 259/2, 217–229. Stuttgart |
Israel | |
| Vapnik, Y., Sokol, E., Murashko M., Sharygin V. (2006): The enigma of Hatrurim. Mineralogical Almanac, 10, 69-77. |
Italy | |
| De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol |
| Maida, F. (2002): Descrizione delle specie e varietà di minerali e loro ritrovamento nella Bergamasca. G.O.M. Gruppo Orobico Minerali - Novecento Grafico, Ed., Bergamo 82 pp. (geologic part by F. Pezzotta). |
| De Michele V. (1974): Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol., 408 pp. |
| Bianchi A. & Hieke O. (1945): La xantofillite dell’Adamello Meridionale. Periodico di Mineralogia, 15, 87-134. Di Colbertaldo, D. (1940): Petrografia del Monte Blumone (Adamello meridionale). Memorie Istit. Geolog. Univ. Padova, 14, 50 pp. Sanero E. (1940): La struttura della xantofillite. Periodico di Mineralogia, 11, 53-75. |
| Bertolini A. (1975): Minerali della Valle di Stabio (BS). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 9, 4 (4-1985), 153-159. |
| Mariani P., Scaini G.: "I minerali d'Italia" - Rizzoli, 1978 and A. Del Caldo, C. Del Moro, C.M. Gramaccioli, M. Boscardin M. "Guida ai Minerali" Fabbri ed. Milano, 1981 and De Michele V. (1975) – Guida Mineralogica d’Italia – Ist. Geogr. De Agostini, Novara |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 116. | |
| Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (2006) I minerali della media-alta Valtellina, delle Orobie valtellinesi e della Val Poschiavo. Aggiornamenti sulle altre località della provincia di Sondrio. Bettini, Sondrio, 255 pp. |
| Scaini, G. (1972) Minerali del Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio. Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. e Museo Civ. St. Nat. Milano, 113, 2, 150-152. Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (2006) I minerali della media-alta Valtellina, delle Orobie valtellinesi e della Val Poschiavo. Aggiornamenti sulle altre località della provincia di Sondrio. Bettini, Sondrio, 255 pp. | |
| Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (2006). I minerali della medio-alta Valtellina, delle Orobie valtellinesi e della val Poschiavo. Aggiornamenti sulle altre località della provincia di Sondrio. Tip. Bettini, Sondrio, 255 pp. |
| Klausner, S. et al. (2009): Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 155, 79. (Abs.) |
| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. | |
| Tomasi, L. (1940): Fassaite di Val Solda e sua paragenesi. Studi Trentini Sc. Nat., 21,85-111. Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. | |
| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. |
| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. | |
| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. | |
| Demartin, F., Campostrini, I., Grisotto, M., & Grisotto, L. (2006). I Canzoccoli. Una località classica presso Predazzo, Val di Fiemme, Trento. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30(3), 166-177. |
| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. |
| Merlino, S., Orlandi, P. (1977) Liottite, a new mineral in the cancrinite-davyne group. American Mineralogist: 62: 321-326 |
Japan | |
| Kazuo Harada, H. Kodama, and T. Sudo (1965): New mineralogical data for xanthophyllite from Japan. Can. Mineral. 8, 255-262; Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo; Harada, K., Kodama, H., & Sudo, T. (1965). New mineralogical data for xanthophyllite from Japan. The Canadian Mineralogist, 8(2), 255-262. |
| Harada, K., Kodama, H., & Sudo, T. (1965). New mineralogical data for xanthophyllite from Japan. The Canadian Mineralogist, 8(2), 255-262. | |
| Nakamura, H. (2000) Suisyou, 13, #1, 58. | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); Shimazaki, H., Miyawaki, R., Yokoyama, K., Matsubara, S., & Bunno, M. (2008). Occurrence and new data of dellaite from the Akagane mine, Japan. Journal of mineralogical and petrological sciences, 103(6), 385-389.; Bunno, M., Shimazaki, H., & Sato, K. (1982). Occurrence and genesis of bicchulite and tilleyite skarns at the Sakae adit, the Akagane mine, Iwate Prefecture. Mining Geology, 32, 141-150 |
Mexico | |
| Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998). Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
Romania | |
| Marincea, S., Dumitraş. D-G., Ghinet, C, Fransolet, A.-M., Hatert, F. & Rondeaux, M. (2011): Gehlenite from three occurrences of high-temperature skarns, Romania: new mineralogical data. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 1001-1014 |
Russia | |
| Armbruster, T., Lazic, B., Gfeller, F., Galuskin, E.V., Galuskina, I.O., Savelyeva, V.B., Zadov, A.E., Pertsev, N.N., Dzierżanowski, P. (2011): Chlorine content and crystal chemistry of dellaite from the Birkhin gabbro massif, Eastern Siberia, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 75, 379-394. |
| [World of Stones 12:49] |
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| Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595. |
| Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.; Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Bliss, J.D., and Moring, B.C., 2011, Ni-Co laterite deposits of the world; database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1058. |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra P., Uher P., Ozdín D., Kollárová V., Lexa J., 2009: Monticellit, clintonit a hydroxylellestadit-fluorellestadit: vzácne skarnové minerály na Cu-Au porfýrovo-skarnovom ložisku Vysoká – Zlatno (štiavnický stratovulkán). Mineralia Slovaca, 41, 2, 169-178.; P. UHER, P. KODĚRA, T. VACULOVIČ (2011): Perovskite from Ca-Mg skarn-porphyry deposit Vysoká – Zlatno, Štiavnica stratovolcano, Slovakia. Mineralia Slovaca, 43, 247-254. |
Spain | |
| Romero Silva, JC (2003). Minerales y Rocas de la provincia de Malaga, Diputación de Málaga, 318 pp. . |
Sweden | |
| GFF 117, 151-152 |
| Lorin, T., Strand, U. (1999). Bild-SMIDA, Svensk Mineraldatabas med bilder, Version 2.O cited in Grensman, F. & Sandström, F. (2002): Kyanitmineraliseringen i Hålsjöberg, Torsby, Värmland. Litiofilen 19 (2): 26-38 |
USA | |
| Min Rec 35:5 pp383-404, 419-420 |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 179, 225. |
| www.mineralsocal.org |
| Chesterman, C.W. (1942), Contact metamorphic rocks of the Twin Lakes region, Fresno County, California: California Division Mines Report 38: 274; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 147, 431. |
| Forman, S. A. (1951) Xanthophyllite, Am Min, 36: 450-457. |
| Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941) Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist: 26: 368. |
| Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941) Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist: 26: 368. | |
| Cooney, R.L. (1956), The mineralogy of the Jensen and Henshaw quarries near Riverside, California: Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of California at Los Angeles: 49; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 431; Devito, F. and Ordway, A. (1984), The Jensen Quarry, Riverside County, California. Mineralogical Record: 15(5): 273-290. |
| Larsen, Esper Signius (1948), Batholith and associated rocks of Corona, Elsinore, and San Luis Rey quadrangles, southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 29: 182 pp.: 35-36; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 336. |
| Museum Quarterly 43:99-104. |
| Abstracts with Program of the Geological Society of America: 11: 65. |
| Forman, S.A., Kodama, H., and Maxwell, J.A. (1967) The trioctahedral brittle micas. American Mineralogist: 52: 1124; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 431. |
| Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated |
| Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240; Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens.; Gobla, M. J. (2012) Montana Mineral Locality Index. Rocks and Minerals 87:208-240. |
| Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240; Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens. |
| American Mineralogist 50:292-293 |
| Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Struwe (1958), Dunn (1995) |
| The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 90. |
| The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 63.; Can. Mineral., 9, 25-30. |
| George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483. | |
| Rhein Collection | |
| The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 96. | |
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| Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C,1881, Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina,Geologic Survey, North Carolina | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1979 43 : 479-482. |
| Marvin J. Droddy and John C. Butler (1979) A Note on Low-Grade Contact Metamorphism—Southwestern Brewster County, Texas. Mineralogical Magazine 43:479-482. |
| R&M 68:6 p381-393 |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
| Weinrich Minerals, ex. Lane Johnson collection |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
| James Wilson (1995) A Collector's Guide to Rock, Mineral, & Fossil Localities of Utah | |
| R&M 68:6 p381-393 |
Crestmore quarries, Crestmore, Riverside Co., California, USA