Coronadite
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About Coronadite
Formula:
Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
Colour:
Dark gray, black
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic, Dull, Earthy
Hardness:
4½ - 5
Specific Gravity:
5.246 - 5.505
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1905 by Waldemar Lindgren in recognition of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado [1510 Salamanca, Spain - September 22, 1554, Mexico City, Mexico], a famous Spanish explorer of the American southwest.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Chemically related to (the Pb-richer) cesàrolite. Many manganese oxides are better identified using infra-red spectroscopy than by x-ray diffraction because of issues of crystal size, disorder, etc. (Potter and Rossman, 1979).
A possible precursor mineral is known: 'Unnamed (Amorphous Pb-Mn Hydroxide)'.
A possible precursor mineral is known: 'Unnamed (Amorphous Pb-Mn Hydroxide)'.
Classification of Coronadite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
4/D.08-70
4.DK.05a
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
7.9.1.4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
9 : AB8X16
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
9 : AB8X16
7.11.28
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
Physical Properties of Coronadite
Metallic, Sub-Metallic, Dull, Earthy
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Dark gray, black
Streak:
Brown-black
Hardness:
4½ - 5 on Mohs scale
Density:
5.246 - 5.505 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.45 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Coronadite
Type:
Biaxial
Anisotropism:
Strong
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Colour in reflected light:
Nearly galena-white
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Dark brown to gray
Chemical Properties of Coronadite
Formula:
Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Al,H2O
Crystallography of Coronadite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.938(1) Å, b = 2.8678(5) Å, c = 9.834(2) Å
β = 90.39(2)°
β = 90.39(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.465 : 1 : 3.429
Unit Cell V:
280.26 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Massive. Botryoidal crusts with a fibrous structure.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0001262 | Coronadite | Post J E, Bish D L (1989) Rietveld refinement of the coronadite structure sample from Morocco American Mineralogist 74 913-917 | ![]() | 1989 | 0 | 293 | |
0001263 | Coronadite | Post J E, Bish D L (1989) Rietveld refinement of the coronadite structure sample from Broken Hill American Mineralogist 74 913-917 | ![]() | 1989 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.466 Å | (60) |
3.104 Å | (100) |
2.400 Å | (40) |
2.205 Å | (40) |
2.155 Å | (20) |
2.001 Å | (10) |
1.960 Å | (10) |
1.919 Å | (10) |
1.836 Å | (20) |
1.742 Å | (10) |
1.691 Å | (10) |
1.642 Å | (20) |
1.591 Å | (10) |
1.542 Å | (50) |
1.432 Å | (10) |
1.400 Å | (10) |
1.374 Å | (20) |
1.356 Å | (20) |
1.298 Å | (10) |
1.237 Å | (10) |
1.218 Å | (10) |
1.148 Å | (10) |
1.116 Å | (10) |
Comments:
ICDD 7-361. Very similar to cryptomelane.
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
In hydrothermal veins or hot springs, as a weathering product in manganese deposits, bedded sedimentary deposits.
Type Occurrence of Coronadite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Black, metallic, delicately fibrous
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Smithsonian R2012, 86040
Geological Setting of Type Material:
West end of the Coronado vein, coatings and cement on and in quartz
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Coronadite
Manganese Oxides (in part)
Other Language Names for Coronadite
Relationship of Coronadite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Cryptomelane | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
Ferricoronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
Ferrihollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
Hollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
Manjiroite | Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
Strontiomelane | Sr(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Thalliomelane | Tl(Mn4+7.5Cu2+0.5)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
Common Associates
Hollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
Wad | Mn, O, H |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
95 photos of Coronadite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
24 photos of Coronadite associated with Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
18 photos of Coronadite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
15 photos of Coronadite associated with Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
13 photos of Coronadite associated with Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
13 photos of Coronadite associated with Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
12 photos of Coronadite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
12 photos of Coronadite associated with Bromian Chlorargyrite | Ag(Cl,Br) |
11 photos of Coronadite associated with Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
11 photos of Coronadite associated with Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.DK. | Ferrihollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
4.DK.4.DK. | Ferricoronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
4.DK.05 | Akaganeite | (Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m |
4.DK.05a | Cryptomelane | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
4.DK.05a | Hollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
4.DK.05a | Manjiroite | Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
4.DK.05b | Mannardite | Ba(Ti4+6V3+2)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
4.DK.05b | Priderite | K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16 | Tet. |
4.DK.05b | Redledgeite | Ba(Ti4+6Cr3+2)O16 | Tet. |
4.DK.05b | Henrymeyerite | Ba(Ti4+7Fe2+)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
4.DK.05a | Strontiomelane | Sr(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.DK.10 | Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 | Mon. 2/m |
4.DK.10 | Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
7.9.1.1 | Hollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
7.9.1.2 | Cryptomelane | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
7.9.1.3 | Manjiroite | Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.11.1 | Romarchite | SnO | Tet. |
7.11.2 | Cassiterite | SnO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
7.11.4 | Schoenfliesite | Mg[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pn3 |
7.11.5 | Burtite | Ca[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. |
7.11.6 | Vismirnovite | Zn[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. |
7.11.7 | Wickmanite | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pn3 |
7.11.8 | Tetrawickmanite | Mn2+[Sn4+(OH)6] | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
7.11.9 | Jeanbandyite | Fe3+xFe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
7.11.10 | Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pn3m |
7.11.11 | Mushistonite | (Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pn3m |
7.11.12 | Ferronigerite-2N1S | (Al,Fe,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
7.11.13 | Magnesionigerite | Trig. | |
7.11.14 | Argutite | GeO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
7.11.15 | Brunogeierite | Ge4+Fe2+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
7.11.16 | Stottite | Fe2+[Ge4+(OH)6] | Tet. |
7.11.17 | Carboirite | FeAl2(GeO4)O(OH)2 | Tric. |
7.11.18 | Otjisumeite | PbGe4O9 | Tric. |
7.11.19 | Bartelkeite | Pb(Fe2+Ge)[Ge2O7](OH)2 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
7.11.20 | Massicot | PbO | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmmm |
7.11.21 | Litharge | PbO | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
7.11.22 | Minium | Pb3O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mbc |
7.11.23 | Plattnerite | PbO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
7.11.24 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 | Orth. |
7.11.25 | Murdochite | PbCu6O8-x(Cl,Br)2x | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
7.11.26 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
7.11.27 | Cesàrolite | Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 | |
7.11.29 | Quenselite | PbMnO2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
7.11.30 | Plumboferrite | Pb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19 | Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2 |
7.11.31 | Magnetoplumbite | (Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
7.11.32 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Manganese ore
References for Coronadite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Lindgren and Hillebrand (1904), American Journal of Science: 1: 448.
Lindgren and Hillebrand (1905), USGS Bulletin 262: 42.
Lindgren and Hillebrand (1907), Zs. Kr.: 43: 380.
Lindgren (1933), American Mineralogist: 18: 548.
Frondel, C. and Heinrich, William E. (1942), American Mineralogist: 27: 48.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 742-743.
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths, Pergamon Press, pp. 1174.
Hewett, Donnel Foster (1971): Coronadite – modes of occurrence and origin: Economic Geology: 66: 164-177.
Potter, Russell M. and Rossman, George R. (1979) The tetravalent manganese oxides: identification, hydration, and structural relationships by infrared spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 64, 1199-1218.
American Mineralogist (1989): 74: 913-917.
Internet Links for Coronadite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1134.html
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Localities for Coronadite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Ronald G. Simpson (2017) Taron Project NI 43-101 Technical Report Salta Province, Argentina |
Australia | |
| Ashley, P.M., and Willott, B.R. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 16-33. |
| Brown, R.E., Brownlow, J.W., Krynen, J.P. (1992) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets, Manilla-Narrabri 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map SH/56-9, SH/55-12. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 319 pages. |
| Geochemical, mineralogical and biogeochemical characterisation of abandoned metalliferous mine sites, Southern New England Orogen. In Flood P.G (ed.) Regional Geology, tectonics and metallogenesis, New England Orogen 1-3 Forum, 1999, Department of Earth Science U.N.E. Australia.; Ashley, P.M., Lottermoser, B.G. (1999) Geochemical, mineralogical and biogeochemical characterisation of abandoned metalliferous mine sites, Southern New England Orogen. In Flood, P.G. (ed.) Regional Geology, tectonics and metallogenesis, New England Orogen, 1-3 Forum, 1999, Department of Earth Science, U.N.E. Australia, 409-417. |
| Davidson, G. (2012) Mining Operations Plan (incorporating a Rehabilitation Plan) for the Wonawinta Silver Mine. Prepared on behalf of Cobar Consolidated Resources limited, by R.W. Corkery & Co. Pty Ltd. |
| Gilligan L.B., Byrnes J.G. (1995) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Cobar Metallogenic Map 1:250 000 (SH/55-14), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 240pp. |
L.B. Gilligan and J.G. Byrnes Cobar Metallogenic Map 1:250 000; Leverett, P., McKinnon, A. R., & Williams, P. A. (2005). Supergene geochemistry of the Endeavor ore body, Cobar, NSW, and relationships to other deposits in the Cobar basin. Regolith 2005–Ten Years of CRC LEME, 191-194. | |
| Birch, W.D., van der Heyden, A. (1997) Minerals of the Kintore and Block 14 open cuts at Broken Hill, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy: 3(1): 23-71. |
Minerals of Broken Hill, Australian Mining and Smelting Ltd, 1982 ISBN 0 909221189 p78 | |
Worner, H. K. and Mitchell, R. W., eds. Birch, W. D. (et al) (1982) Minerals of Broken Hill, published by Australian Mining & Smelting Limited ISBN 0-909221-18-9 | |
Worner, H. K. and Mitchell, R. W., eds. Birch, W. D. (et al) (1982) Minerals of Broken Hill, published by Australian Mining & Smelting Limited ISBN 0-909221-18-9 | |
DSW collection | |
Birch, W.D., van der Heydon, A. (1997) Minerals of the Kintore and Block 14 open cuts at Broken Hill, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 3(1), 23-74.; Smithsonite: Think Zinc (2010) Extra Lapis English No. 13; Elliott, P. (2010). Crystal Chemistry of Cadmium Oxysalt and associated Minerals from Broken Hill, New South Wales (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Adelaide). | |
| Birch & van der Hayden 1997. AJM 3(1) |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. |
| England, B.M., Robinson, N. (1988) Mimetite and Duftite from the Mount Bonnie Mine, Northern Territory. The Mineralogical Record, 19:6, 441-450. |
| Sielecki, R. (1988) The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 19, pg. 469-490. |
[MinRec 19 p469-490 - "Sielecki, R: The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field"] | |
| Raymond, O. L. (1992). Mt Isa Inlier and environs mineral deposit database version 1.0. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Record, 66. |
| Lottermoser, B.G., Ashley, P.M., Munksgaard, N.C. (2008) Biogeochemistry of Pb–Zn gossans, northwest Queensland, Australia: Implications for mineral exploration and mine site rehabilitation. Applied Geochemistry, 23(4), 723-742. |
| Economic Geology 67: 1146-1167(1972); Journ. Geol. Soc. Aust. 18, 165-171 (1971) |
Elliott, P. (1991): Minerals from the Beltana mine, Puttapa, South Australia. Mineralogical Record 22, 449-456. ; Muller, D. W. (1972). The geology of the Beltana willemite deposits. Economic Geology, 67(8), 1146-1167. | |
| PA Wulser personal data |
| Kolitsch, U. and Elliott, P. (1999): Mineralogy of the Mount Malvern Mine near Clarendon, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 5, 3-17. |
| N.R. Kemp and R.S. Bottrill : "Crocoite : mine is from which mine", 5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2. |
BOTTRILL, R. S., and BAKER, W. E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Bulletin 73, Mineral Resources Tasmania. 254 pages. | |
| Nickel, E.H., Gartrell, B.J. (1993) Secondary Minerals of Ashburton Downs Western Australia, Mineralogical Record (May-June 1993) 24:3: 203-218. |
Mineralogical Record 24,203-216,218. | |
Ashburtonite, a new bicarbonate-silicate mineral from Ashburton Downs; J.D. Grice, E.H. Nickel, R.A. Gault; American Mineralogist, Vol 76, 001701-1707, 1991 | |
| Jones, S., McNaughton, N.J., Grguric, B. (2013) Structural controls and timing of fault-hosted manganese at Woodie Woodie, East Pilbara, Western Australia. Ore Geology Reviews, 50, 52-82. |
| Nickel, E.H. (1982) Secondary minerals from the oxidized zone of the Teutonic Bore sulphide deposit. The Australian Mineralogist, No. 40, December 1982, pg. 219-223. |
| Ferguson, K.M. (1999) Lead, Zinc and Silver Deposits of Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Mineral Resources Bulletin 15. |
| Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I., (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. |
International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-04 Magellan nonsulfide Pb and polymetallic Abra: Two stratabound giant deposits | |
| Pirajno, F., Burlow, R. and Huston, D. (2010): The Magellan Pb deposit, Western Australia; a new category within the class of supergene non-sulphide mineral systems. Ore Geology Reviews 37, 101-113. |
| Downes, P.J., Bevan, A.W.R., Costeo, D., Verrall, M. (2011) Mafic-hosted Secondary Mineralisation from the Shangri-La Pb-Ag-Au-Cu Mine Kimberley Western Australia, Australian Journal of Mineralogy, (Nov. 2011) 16: p15-24. |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch, U., Schachinger, T. and Bernhard, F. (2015): Ardennite-(As), ardennite-(V), gasparite-(Ce) and chernovite-(Y): first results of a mineralogical study of the metaradiolarite-hosted manganese ore mineralisations in the Fuchssee area, Radstadt Tauern, Salzburg, Austria. MinPet 2015, Leoben, Austria, September 10-13; abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 161, 67. |
| Ertl, A. & Brandstätter, F. (1998): Olenit mit Borüberschuß aus einem Metapegmatit östlich der Stoffhütte, Koralpe, Steiermark, Österreich. Mitteilungen der Abteilung fuer Mineralogie am Landesmuseum Joanneum 62-63, 3-21. (in German) |
| Neinaveie, M. H. (1979): Schichtgebundene Metallanreicherungen in den Schieferhüllen und in der Matreier Zone Osttirols. Unpubl. Dissertation, Universität Innsbruck, xx pp. |
Belgium | |
| Michel BLONDIEAU, Stéphane PUCCIO, Frédéric HATERT (2018) Minéralogie du puits de recherche plomb-zinc situé près de la ferme Erlenbach à Lontzen (Lontzen, Province de Liège) |
Bolivia | |
| Field collected by Alfredo Petrov. |
| [MinRec 21:133] |
Brazil | |
| [MinRec 29:196] |
Bulgaria | |
| Dobrev, S., Vassileva, M., & Kolkovski, B. (2004). Hetaerolite from Madjarovo Au-base-metal deposit, Eastern Rhodopes. In Annual Scientific Conference of the Bulgarian Geological Society “Geology 2004 (pp. 16-17). |
| Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Annual Report No. 13, 43-45. |
| Radonova, T.G., Daskalova, Y., and Pounev, L. (1967) Rancieite, coronadite and beidellite – new minerals for the Kremikovtsi iron deposit. Bulletin of the Geological Institute: Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography, 16, 127-133.; Vassileva, M. and Ruskov, K. (2007) Ca-phyllomanganate (rancieite) from the Kremikovtsi iron deposit. Annual of the University of Mining and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski", vol. 50, Part I, Geology and Geophysics, 29-36. |
Canada | |
| Watson, K.W., (1996) Table of minerals identified from the Keno-Galena Hill area: unpublished company report, United Keno Hill Mines Ltd. Report No UKH96/01 Technical Report |
Chile | |
| Arfè, G., Boni, M., Mondillo, N., Aiello, R., Balassone, G., Arseneau, V. and Soyk, D. (2016): Supergene alteration in the Capricornio Au-Ag epithermal vein system, Antofagasta Region, Chile. Can. Mineral. 54, 681-706. |
Econ Geol (1991) 86:1222-1237 | |
| Pincheira, M., & Fontboté, L. (1990). La Negra-Coquimbana Manganiferous District, Southern Atacama Desert, Chile. In Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes (pp. 365-378). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany. |
collected and analysed by french mineralogist Remy Phillippe | |
| Arancibia, G., Matthews, S.J., Cornejo, P., Pérez de Arce, C., Zuluaga, J.I., and Kasaneva, S. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41, 505-516. |
| SEM-EDS, Ref: by Joy Desor; samples analysed by Gerhard Moehn. |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and Joy Desor |
China | |
| Nanlai Zheng, Xingli Mao, and Jiansheng Ding (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 17-20; Huacai Chen (1989): Geology and Prospecting 25(10), 6-11; Shouquan Zhu (1990): Geology and Prospecting 26(12), 57 |
| Liangkai Gu (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(1), 15-18 |
| Liangkai Gu (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(1), 15-18 |
| Liangkai Gu (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(1), 15-18 |
| Guicheng Huang, Xiongwu Wang, Shiyi Yang, Longqing Chen, and Jingsheng Ling (2001): Mineral Deposits 20(3), 243-250 |
| Field collected by Christopher Chui. XRF shows only significant Mn and Pb. (Other Mn-Pb oxides could be possible, but less likely in this environment.) |
| Junping Dong (1992): Geology and Prospecting 28(7), 21-24, 44 |
| Zhicheng Lü, Paiping Zhang, Guozheng Duan, Libo Hao, and Guanghua Dong (2002): Journal of Mineraloy and Petrology 22(1), 1-5 |
| Wang Chen, Ziying Sun, Guojun Liu, Jinwa Wang, and Jianping Wang (2006): Geology and Prospecting 42(1), 26-29 |
| Tiegen Liu, Yuzhou Qiu, and Lin Ye (1996): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 16(3), 278-283 |
| Nianqiang Yang, Kemu Chen, and Kejiao Chen (1981): Geological Review 46(3), 265-268 |
| Liyan Zhang and Xihui Yang (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(6), 36-40; Fuguang Zhao (2007): Non-Ferrous Mining and Metallurgy 23(6), 20-25 |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65 |
| Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172. |
France | |
| Gert Schöneborn collection (to be analysed) |
Le Règne Minéral, (33), 5-25. | |
| |
| P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989 |
P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989 | |
| P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989 |
| Chollet, P. & Devouard, B. (2013): La mine de cuivre et de plomb des Rats, Le Crozet (Loire). Le Règne Minéral, 109, 7-46. |
| |
Poughon A. (1962) - Les minéraux uranifères français, T2 | |
Chollet Pascal collection | |
J. Chervet, G. Branche : "Contribution à l'étude des minéraux secondaires d'uranium français", ENSP Nancy, 1955 | |
| Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997 |
| Berbain, C., Favreau, G. & Aymar, J. (2005): Mines et minéraux des Pyrénées-Orientales et des Corbières, Association Française de Microminéralogie Ed., 140. |
| Boisson, J-M., Leconte, J. (2020). Analyses 2019-MNHN-Micromonteurs. La revue des Micromonteurs n°31, p34. |
| Jean-Luc Portes collection |
Germany | |
| Boisson, J.-M. & Leconte, J. (2014): Analyses 2012-2013 MNHN-MICROMONTEURS. La revue de Micromonteurs, 21. |
| Walenta, K. (1992) Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes und ihre Fundstellan. Christian Weise Verlag, München, 336 pages [in German]. |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| WALENTA, K. (1995): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara. 6. Folge, 1. Teil. - Lapis 20 (5), 33-38. |
| S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages. |
| Joachim Gröbner, Uwe Steinkamm (2019) Mineralien und Gesteine des Gabbrosteinbruchs im Radautal bei Bad Harzburg. Papierflieger Verlag, Clausthal-Zellerfeld. ISBN 978-3-86948-685-7 |
| Gröbner, J. & Nikoleizig, J. (2009): Die Mineralien der Gruben Kahlenbergsglück & Grüne Tanne am Kahlenberg bei Zellerfeld. Mineralien-Welt 20 (4), 34-39. |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Henrich, M. (2009): Mineralien-Welt 20 (5), 14-27. |
Reinhardt, M. & Henrich, M. (2016): Die Grube Friedericke bei Siegen: Fundort schöner Blei- und Kupfermineralien. Mineralien-Welt, 27 (1), 26-31. | |
| peter neschen collection; |
| Habel, B. & Linder, R. (2009): Die Grube "Castor" bei Loope und ihre Mineralien. Mineralien-Welt 20 (3), 10-23 |
| peter neschen collection |
| Thomas Straub Collection |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55, March/April 2004 |
| Mineralien-Welt, 4 (5), 41-48 |
| Lapis, 16 (9), 13-26. |
Greece | |
| Wendel, W. & Markl, G. (1999): Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. Lapis, 24 (7-8), 34-52. |
| NHM Vienna collection (Uwe Kolitsch SEM-EDS analysis; associated with pseudo-octahedral hetaerolite crystals (SEM-EDS, SXRD)) |
| Möckel, S. (2000): Strashimirit und 11 weitere Neubestimmungen aus Lavrion (GR). Lapis 25 (7-8), 74. |
| Michalis Fitros. collection |
| Hanke, H. (1998): Laurion - ein Rückblick auf die Funde der letzten drei Jahre. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (2), 37-45. |
| Blaß, G., Fabritz, K. H., Mühlbauer, W. and Prachar, I. (1998): … Immer wieder Neues aus Lavrion (2). Mineralien-Welt 9 (6), 48-55 (in German). |
| Kilias, S.P.; Ivarsson, M.; Fru, E.C.; Rattray, J.E.; Gustafsson, H.; Naden, J.; Detsi, K. (2020) Precipitation of Mn Oxides in Quaternary Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures (MISS), Cape Vani Paleo-Hydrothermal Vent Field, Milos, Greece. Minerals 2020, 10, 536. |
Honduras | |
| Mattioli, M., Menichetti, M., Renzulli, A., Toscani, L., Salvioli-Mariani, E., Suarez, P., & Murroni, A. (2014). Genesis of the hydrothermal gold deposits in the Canan area, Lepaguare District, Honduras. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 103(3), 901-928. |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll,2008 |
India | |
| Rao, J. S. R. K., Naidu, B. V. & Rao, K. V. (1979): Ore microscopic, x-ray and trace elemental data on manganese ores from Sandur, Karnataka, India. Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica 24, 91-97. |
Indonesia | |
| Nur, I., Idrus, A., Pramumijoyo, S., Harijoko, A., Watanabe, K., Imai, A., ... & Irfan, U. R. (2012). Elemental Mass Balance of the Hydrothermal Alteration Associated with the Baturappe Epithermal Silver-Base Metal Prospect, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. |
Iran | |
| Jörg Reichert, A metallogenetic model for carbonate-hosted non-sulphide zinc deposits based on observations of Mehdi Abad and Irankuh, Central and Southwestern Iran, Dissertation, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 2007 |
| Vachik Hairapetian collection |
Ireland | |
| XRD & electron probe analysis by Drs Green & Tindle. |
| No reference listed |
Israel | |
| Segev, A., Halicz, L., Steinitz, G., & Lang, B. (1992) K-Ar geochronology of manganese nodules from the cambrian Timna formation, Har Mikhrot, Timna valley. Israel Geological Society annual meeting. pp 128-129 |
Italy | |
| Parola, F. (2015): I minerali della Miniera del Lausetto in Valle Gesso (Cuneo). Tesi di laurea in Scienze Geologiche. Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Torino, 47 pp. |
| Marco E. Ciriotti - Athos Callegari SCXRD (2012) |
| SEM/EDS 18/09/2001 MNHN-Paris |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Sabelli, C., Ibba, A. (1999): I minerali di Funtana Raminosa. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/1999, 10-27. |
| AMI UK Service |
| Biagioni C., Cerri M., Bernocchi M., Betti C., Del Chiaro L., Mangoni G., Bazzoni C. (2016): Monte Argentario. I minerali del giacimento ferro-manganesifero. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 40, 1 (1-2016), 8-20. |
Japan | |
| Nambu et al. (1981) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 76, 132. |
Tanida et al. (1983) Koubutsu-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 1. | |
Jordan | |
| Qatar Univ. Sci. J. 21:101-117. |
Kazakhstan | |
| Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30 |
Kosovo | |
| Féraud J. (1979) - La mine " Stari-Trg " (Trepca, Yougoslavie) et ses richesses minéralogiques. Avec la collaboration de Mari D. et G. (1979) Minéraux et Fossiles, n° 59-60, p. 19-28 |
Mexico | |
| Megaw, P.K.M., 1990b, Geology and geochemistry of the Santa Eulalia mining district, Chihuahua, Mexico.: Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Arizona, 549 p |
| Ref.: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, volumen 17, número 2, p.143-153 (2000) |
| Lapis 2001(1), 11-40 |
Mongolia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2009) |
Morocco | |
| Jahn, S., Medenbach, O., Lyckberg, P., Lierl, H. J., Bode, R. & Brandstätter, G. (2003): Marokko - Land der schönen Mineralien und Fossilien. Bode Verlag, Haltern, Germany, 543 pp (p.336)2) |
| Jahn, S., Medenbach, O., Lyckberg, P., Lierl, H. J., Bode, R. & Brandstätter, G. (2003): Marokko - Land der schönen Mineralien und Fossilien. Bode Verlag, Haltern, Germany, 543 pp (p. 259-60) |
| Econ Geol (1986) 81:65-79 |
Econ Geol (1988) 83:93-117 | |
Namibia | |
| Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany |
| XRD confirmed by Maria Atanasova , Council of Geoscience, Pretoria |
| Cairncross, B. and Fraser, A. (2012) The Rosh Pinah lead-zinc mine. Rocks & Minerals, 87 (5), 398-407. |
Norway | |
| Harald Folvik (2005): Mineralene på Skjerpemyr. STEIN 32 (1), 4-9 (in norwegian) |
Poland | |
| Pieczka, A., Evans, R. J., Grew, E. S., Groat, L. A., Ma, C., & Rossman, G. R. (2013). The dumortierite supergroup. II. Three new minerals from the Szklary pegmatite, SW Poland: Nioboholtite,(Nb0. 6⃞0. 4) Al6BSi3O18, titanoholtite,(Ti0. 75⃞0. 25) Al6BSi3O18, and szklaryite, ⃞Al6BAs33+ O15. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(6), 2841-2856. |
Portugal | |
| self-find Nuno Afonso |
| Pedro Alves collection |
| Ko Jansen collection |
| Alves, P. and Kampf, A.R. (2017) A mina de ferro e manganês da Herdade dos Pendões, Odemira, sudoeste de Portugal. Acopios, 8: 17-62. (in Portuguese). |
Pedro Alves collection and analytical data. | |
| F. Noronha et al. (1998) Mineralizações filonianas de chumbo-atimónio do NE de Portugal. Algumas notas para o seu conhecimento. Cumunicações do Instituto Geológico e Mineiro. Tomo 84, fasc. 1: B75-B78 |
| Noronha, F., Ramos, J.M.F., Moreira, A., Oliveira, A.F.M., 1998. Mineralizações filonianas de chumbo-antimónio do NE de Portugal. Algumas notas para o seu conhecimento. Actas do V Congresso Nacional de Geologia. Comunicação do IGM, tomo 84, 1º v, B-75-78. |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences. |
Romania | |
| http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu |
Russia | |
| Pekov I.V. et al. (2010) Mineralogy of Belorechenskoe deposit (Northern Caucasus, Russia). Mineralogical Almanakh, 15(2).; Pekov, I.V., Levitskiy, V.V., Krivovichev, S.V., Zolotarev, A.A., Bryzgalov, I.A., Zadov, A.E. & Chukanov, N.V. (2012): New nickel-uranium-arsenic mineral species from the oxidation zone of the Belorechenskoye deposit, Northern Caucasus, Russia: I. Rauchite, Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2.10H2O, a member of the autunite group. European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 913-922. |
| Pekov, I.V., Lykova, I.S. (2011) Rubtsovskoe deposit, - Mineralogical Almanac, Vol. 16, 96 pp (in Rus). |
| Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Kotlyarov, V.A., Fadina, I.B. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 583-589. |
| Pekov, I. V., Vlasov, E. A., Zubkova, N. V., Yapaskurt, V. O., Chukanov, N. V., Belakovskiy, D. I., ... & Pushcharovsky, D. Y. (2015). Raisaite, CuMg [Te6+ O4 (OH) 2]· 6H2O, a new mineral from Chukotka, Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy, ejm2490_pap_gsw. |
| Kassandrov, E. G., & Mazurov, M. P. (2009). Magmatogenic manganese ores of the South Minusa Intermontane Trough. Geology of Ore Deposits, 51(5), 356. |
Kassandrov, E. G., & Mazurov, M. P. (2009). Magmatogenic manganese ores of the South Minusa Intermontane Trough. Geology of Ore Deposits, 51(5), 356. | |
| Filimonova, L. G., Sivtsov, A. V., & Trubkin, N. V. (2010) Manganese oxides and associated minerals as constituents of dispersed mineralization of metasomatic rocks in the Dukat ore field. Geology of Ore Deposits, 52(4), 322-333. |
| Igor.V. Pekov, Lyudmila R. Memetova (2008) Minerals of the Lipovka Granite Pegmatites, Central Urals, Russia. Mineralogical Almanac 13:6-45 |
| Kasatkin, A. V., Klopotov, K. I., & Plasil, J. (2014). Supergene Minerals of Sherlova Gora. Mineralogical Almanac, Ltd. Lakewood, CO80227, USA, 19, 94-139. |
Slovakia | |
| Ozdín D., 2003: Mineralógia a genéza sideritovej mineralizácie Ďumbierskych Nízkych Tatier. Manuscript (Dissertation thesis), Archive of Dpt. of Mineralogy and Petrology, Fac. of Natural Sc., Bratislava, 1-194. |
South Africa | |
| Mitchell, R.H., Liferovich, R.P. (2004) Ecandrewsite - zincian pyrophanite from lujavrite, Pilansberg alkaline complex, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 1169-1178. |
| Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa, pg 200; Econ Geol (1990) 85:1172-1185 |
Spain | |
| Dr. César Menor analysis |
A. Arribas, F. Hernández, M. A. Fernández Périz, J. Gröbner, G. Leal (2005): Rodalquilar - El oro del capo del ágata. BOCAMINA 15, 12-88. | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection |
Cesar Menor-Salván | |
G. Leal, Antonio Arribas, Miguel A. Fernandez, Joachim Grobner, Francisco Hernandez (2005): Rodalquilar : El oro del Cabo del Agata. Bocamina, 15, 14-79. | |
| Carmona Ruiz, A.; Ramos Márquez, I.; Menor Salván, C. (2016). Grupo Minero de Navalespino y mina “La Solución”, Fuente Obejuna (Córdoba): historia, explotación y mineralogía. Acopios, 7. Pp. 21-227 |
http://www.mtiblog.com/2017/01/acopios-7-2016.html; Carmona Ruiz, A.; Ramos Márquez, I.; Menor Salván, C. (2016). Grupo Minero de Navalespino y mina “La Solución”, Fuente Obejuna (Córdoba): historia, explotación y mineralogía. Acopios, 7. Pp. 21-227 | |
| Colectivo Arrayanes, Fernando J. Palero, Gonzalo Garcia, Cesar Menor (2008): El Coto de la Luz. Bocamina, 22: 56-105. |
| - Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp. |
| Calvo, M. (2009). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol IV. Óxidos e hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. 751 págs. |
| Borja Sainz de Baranda, Fernando J. Palero, Gonzalo Garcia (2004) El Horcajo. Paraiso de los fosfatos. Bocamina, 13: 30-68 |
| Menor, César (2010): Mineralogía de Pb-Zn en Madridejos (Toledo). Rev. Acopios vol.1. pp. 53-67. |
| Menor, César (2010): Mineralogía de Pb-Zn en Madridejos (Toledo). Rev. Acopios vol.1. pp. 53-67. |
Menor, César (2010): Mineralogía de Pb-Zn en Madridejos (Toledo). Rev. Acopios vol.1. pp. 53-67. | |
| Calvo, M., Tornos, F. and García, G. (2002). Toral de los Vados. Flores de cinc en la mina "Antonina". Bocamina, (10), 46-73 |
| Rodríguez, X.; Téllez, E.; Ignacio, J.A.; Formiga, J. (2016). “Las minas de Can Magre, Vidreres, la Selva, Gerona”. Paragénesis; vol. XII, núm. 2, pp. 3-46. |
| Abella i Creus, Joan (2018) Plumboagardite, green anglesite and other minerals from the Alforja mine, Alforja, Tarragona, Catalunya. Mineral Up, 2018/2. |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008): Minerals I Mines De La Conca De Bellmunt Del Priorat. |
| Rosell, J., Rubio, C., Varela, F. (2017): Els Minerals de Vanadi de la mina Maria Magdalena. Ulldemolins, el Priorat, Tarragona, Catalunya. Mineralogistes de Catalunya, 1/2017. |
| Calvo, M., Viñals, J. and Vila, F. (2009) Mineralogy of the pegmatites and miarolitic cavities in the granitic batholit of Porriño, Pontevedra, galicia, Spain. Mineral Up, (2009-1), 6-23 |
| Rewitzer, C., Calvo, M. Hochleitner, R., and Utrera, C. (2018). Cotunnite, caracolite, sideronatrite and other rare secondary minerals in the "Ferruginosa" mine, Cabo de palos, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain. Mineral Up, 5 (1), 66-79. |
Switzerland | |
| EDS by Th. Raber, XRD by N. Meisser (2014) |
Togo | |
| Collart, J., Ouassane, I., and Sylvain, I. P. (1985) : Notice explicative de la carte géologique au 1/200 000: feuille de Dapaong.- DGMG et BNRM 1ere édition; Mémoire No 2, 38 pages. |
Turkey | |
| Nikiforov, A. V., Öztürk, H., Altuncu, S., & Lebedev, V. A. (2014). Kizilcaören ore-bearing complex with carbonatites (northwestern Anatolia, Turkey): Formation time and mineralogy of rocks. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56(1), 35-60. |
UK | |
| B Young,, E K Hyslop and R A Fairbairn . Journal of the Russell Soc 6(2), 97 (1996) |
| Hartley, J. (1959) Coronadite from Cumberland. Mineralogical Magazine, 32(247), 343-344.; Embrey, P.G. (1978) Fourth supplementary list of British Minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 42(322), 169-177.; Hartley, J. (1984) A list of minerals associated with the ore deposits of the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria. Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association, 10(3), 22-39.; Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 160 pp. (referring to Hartley, 1959 and Hartley, 1984).; Green, D.I., Bridges, T.F., Rumsey, M.S., Leppington, C.M., and Tindle, A.G. (2008) A review of the mineralogy of the Roughton Gill Mines, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria: Part 2 The Roughton Gill South Vein on Balliway Rigg. Journal of The Russell Society, 11, 3-28. |
| Trevor F. Bridges, Michael S. Rumsey and C. Michael Leppington (2011) A report on Hay Gill Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria. Journal of the Russell Society 14:62-68 |
Green, D.I., Bridges, T.F., Rumsey, M.S., Leppington, C.M., and Tindle, A.G. (2008) A review of the mineralogy of the Roughton Gill Mines, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria: Part 2 The Roughton Gill South Vein on Balliway Rigg. Journal of The Russell Society, vol. 11, 3-28. | |
Trevor F. Bridges, David Green, Michael S. Rumsey and C. Michael Leppington (2011) A review of the mineralisation of the Roughton Gill mines, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria: Part 3 Roughton Gill Mine Journal of the Russell Society 14:3-23. | |
Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1991) Famous Mineral Localities: Pyromorphite Group Minerals from the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England. Mineralogical Record, 22(2), 105-121. | |
| Turner, R. (2006): A mechanism for the formation of the mineralized Mn deposits at Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset, England. Mineralogical Magazine 70, 629-653. |
Ukraine | |
| Kowalski, W., & Śmietańska, I. (1983). Gorceixite from a Barite-fluorite Deposit at Stanisławów (Kaczawskie Mts.). Mineralogia Polonica, 13(1), 3-16. |
| O.K.Babynin, L.Z.Skakun, V.M.Shklanka (2006) Object A1. Beregivsko-Beganskiy ore camp. In International Field Workshop. IAGOD Field trip. |
USA | |
| Graeme, R. (1993) Bisbee revisited. The Mineralogical Record: 24: 421-436. |
Rolf Luetcke | |
| X ray and XRF by John Attard. In the collection of Robert Bartsch. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 188; Knudson, H.P. (1983), The Silver Bill Mine, Gleeson, AZ, Min.Rec.: 14: 127-131. | |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 312. | |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 188. | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 188; Lindgren, W. & Hillebrand (1904); Lindgren (1905); Guild, (1910), The Mineralogy of Arizona, The Chemical Publishing Co., Easton, PA; Fairbanks, E.E. (1923), Mineragraphic notes on manganese minerals, Am.Min.: 8: 209; Frondel, C. & E.W. Heinrich (1942), New data on hetaerolite, hydrohetaerolite, coronadite and hollandite, Am.Min.: 27: 48-56; Fleischer, M. & W.E. Richmond (1943), The manganese oxide minerals: A preliminary report, Econ.Geol.: 38: 269-286; Hewett, D.F. & M. Fleischer (1960), Deposits of the manganese oxides, Econ.Geol.: 55: 1-55; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 40. |
AmMin.: 27 (1942): 48; AmMin.: 74 (1989): 913; Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3 (1997). | |
| Van King |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 188; Allen, G.B. & W. Hunt (1988), The Tonopah-Belmont Mine, Maricopa Co., AZ, Min.Rec.: 19(3): 139-144. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of AZ, 3rd. ed.: 188; Mouat, M.M. (1962), Mn Oxides from the Artillery Mts area, AZ, Am.Min.: 47: 744-757. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 252, 279. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 252, 351. | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 165, 188, 252.; Wilson, K. S. (1984). The geology and epithermal silver mineralization of the Reymert Mine, Pinal County, Arizona. MS Thesis University of Arizona |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 188; Barnes, R. & M. Hay (1983), Famous mineral localities: The Magma Mine, Min.Rec.: 14: 72-82; Short, M.N., et al (1943), Geology and ore deposits of the Superior mining area, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 151; Fleischer, M. & W.E. Richmond (1943), The manganese oxide minerals: A preliminary report, Econ.Geol.: 38: 269-286; Hewett, D.F. & M. Fleischer (1960), Deposits of the manganese oxides, Econ.Geol.: 55: 1-55; Hewett, D.F., et al (1963), Deposits of the manganese oxides: supplement, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1-51; Wilson, E.D., et al (1950), Arizona zinc and lead deposits, part I, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 156: 94.; Presmyk, L. (2020). The Magma Mine, Pioneer District, Superior, Pinal County, Arizona. Rocks & Minerals, 95(1), 68-91. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 189; Min.Rec.: 14: 299-306. |
| Brian Beck Collected, Attard Minerals XRF and Microprobe |
Brian Beck collected, Attard analysis XRF and Microprobe | |
| Hall, Wayne Everett & Hal G. Stephens (1963), Economic geology of the Panamint Butte quadrangle and Modoc district, Inyo County, California: California Division of Mines & Geology Special Report 73: 24-26; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 160; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 168; USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10076654. |
Hall, Wayne Everett & Hal G. Stephens (1963), Economic geology of the Panamint Butte quadrangle and Modoc district, Inyo County, California: California Division of Mines & Geology Special Report 73: 24, 26; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 160; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 168. | |
Hall, Wayne Everett & Hal G. Stephens (1963), Economic geology of the Panamint Butte quadrangle and Modoc district, Inyo County, California: California Division of Mines & Geology Special Report 73: 24-36; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 168. | |
Fleischer, M. & W.E. Richmond, Jr. (1943), The manganese oxide minerals; a preliminary report: Economic Geology: 38: 283; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 160. | |
| California Division of Mines and geology SR125 "Mines and Mineral Resources of Death Valley National Monument, California" |
| Hall, Wayne Everett & Hal G. Stephens (1963), Economic geology of the Panamint Butte quadrangle and Modoc district, Inyo County, California: California Division of Mines & Geology Special Report 73: 24-26; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 160. |
| Dr Robert Housley using SEM-EDS |
| EDS confirmed by Bob Housley. |
| Mineralogical Record: 17:315 |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Dean Allum specimen |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
Rocks & Minerals (July-August, 2002) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:298-308 |
| Colldection of J. Dagenais |
| Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240. |
Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967 | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
Rocks & Minerals (2010) 85:512-524 | |
| Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005) |
| Robert E. Walstrom Collection |
| Jerry Cone Collection |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996 |
R & J DeMark Minerals of the Carnahan Mine, Santa Fe County New Mexico 10th New Mexico Mineral Symposium 1989 | |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]; U.S. Geological Survey (2005) Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| [Mineralogical Record 30:337] |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.; Virgil W. Lueth, Richard M. Chamberlin, and Lisa Peters (2004) Age of mineralization in the Luis Lopez manganese district, Socorro County, New Mexico, as determined by 40Ar/39Ar dating of cryptomelane. NMBGMR Bulletin 160 pp239-249 | |
USGS: Geological Survey Circular 553; NMBMMR OFR 186; U.S. Geological Survey (2005) Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
USGS: Geological Survey Circular 553 | |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
| R&M 68:6 p406-416 |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; USGS Prof Paper 1024 |
| Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
Uzbekistan | |
| Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Kotlyarov, V.A., Fadina, I.B. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 583-589. |
Yemen | |
| Santoro, L. (2015). The Jabali, Hakkari and Reef Ridge nonsulfide Zn (Pb) deposits: an evaluation by QEMSCAN® technology, and comparison to other analytical methods. PhD thesis, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli “Federico II” |
Zambia | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy Vol II p399 |
Vrána, S., Rieder, M., Podlaha, J. (1978) Kanonaite, a new mineral isotypic with andalusite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66, 325-332. | |
Zimbabwe | |
| Frei, Martina (2005) Composition, formation, and leaching behaviour of supergene, polymetallic ores from the Sanyati deposit (Zimbabwe): A case study |
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Les Montmins Mine, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France