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Cotunnite

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Cotunnite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy
Cotunnite

Lavrion District slag localities, Lavrion District, Attikí Prefecture, Greece
Cotunnite

Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
Cotunnite, etc.

Christian-Levin Mine, Essen, Ruhr Coal Mining area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Cotunnite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy
Cotunnite

Lavrion District slag localities, Lavrion District, Attikí Prefecture, Greece
Cotunnite

Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
Cotunnite, etc.

Christian-Levin Mine, Essen, Ruhr Coal Mining area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Cotunnite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Messina Province, Sicily, Italy
Cotunnite

Lavrion District slag localities, Lavrion District, Attikí Prefecture, Greece
Domenico Cotugno
Formula:
PbCl2
System:
Orthorhombic
Colour:
Colourless, white, light ...
Lustre:
Adamantine, Silky, Pearly
Hardness:
1½ - 2
Name:
After Domenico Cotugno (1736-1822), Professor of Anatomy, University of Naples.
In the experimental volcanic gas condensation by Africano et al. (2002) it deposits below 325oC.


Classification of Cotunnite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
3/D.0-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
3.DC.85

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
Dana 8th ed.:
9.2.7.1

9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:
8.8.4

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb

Physical Properties of Cotunnite

Lustre:
Adamantine, Silky, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, white, light yellow, light green
Hardness (Mohs):
1½ - 2
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {010}.
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
5.8 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.81 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Cotunnite

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.199 nβ = 2.217 nγ = 2.260
2V:
Measured: 67° , Calculated: 68°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.061
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
relatively strong

Chemical Properties of Cotunnite

Formula:
PbCl2
Elements listed in formula:
Cl, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Cotunnite

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.6222(5) Å, b = 9.0448(7) Å, c = 4.5348(4) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.843 : 1 : 0.501
Unit Cell Volume:
V 312.63 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Usually flattened {010} and elongated [001]. Doubly terminated with equivalent faces unequally developed. Reentrant angles may be present in the prism zone due to oscillatory combination of {210} and {110}. Massive, granular.
Twinning:
On {120} (artificial crystals).
Comment:
Space group Pnam (non-standard setting)

Epitaxial Relationships of Cotunnite

Epitaxial Minerals:
GalenaPbS
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.057 (35)
3.890 (75)
3.810 (40)
3.579 (100)
2.776 (55)
2.510 (45)
2.096 (40)

Occurrences of Cotunnite

Type Occurrence of Cotunnite

Type Locality:
ⓘ Mt Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy

Relationship of Cotunnite to other Species

Common Associates:
Anglesite
Cerussite
Matlockite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
3.DC.05LaurionitePbCl(OH)
3.DC.05ParalaurionitePbCl(OH)
3.DC.10FiedleritePb3FCl4(OH) · H2O
3.DC.15PenfielditePb2Cl3(OH)
3.DC.20LaurelitePb7F12Cl2
3.DC.25Bismoclite(BiO)Cl
3.DC.25Daubréeite(BiO)(OH,Cl)
3.DC.25MatlockitePbFCl
3.DC.25RorisiteCaFCl
3.DC.25Zavaritskite(BiO)F
3.DC.25ZhangpeishaniteBaFCl
3.DC.30NadoritePbSbClO2
3.DC.30PeritePbBiClO2
3.DC.35AravaipaitePb3AlF9 · H2O
3.DC.37CalcioaravaipaitePbCa2AlF9
3.DC.40ThorikositePb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3)
3.DC.45MereheaditePb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2
3.DC.50BlixitePb2(O,OH)2Cl
3.DC.55PinalitePb3WO5Cl2
3.DC.60SymesitePb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O
3.DC.65EcdemitePb6Cl4(As2O7)
3.DC.65HeliophyllitePb6Cl4(As2O7)
3.DC.70MendipitePb3Cl2O2
3.DC.75DamaraitePb3Cl(OH)O2
3.DC.80OnoratoiteSb8Cl2O11
3.DC.90PseudocotunniteK2PbCl4
3.DC.95BarstowitePb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
8.8.1AbhuriteSn21Cl16(OH)14O6
8.8.2MatlockitePbFCl
8.8.3LaurelitePb7F12Cl2
8.8.5MendipitePb3Cl2O2
8.8.6DamaraitePb3Cl(OH)O2
8.8.7LaurionitePbCl(OH)
8.8.8ParalaurionitePbCl(OH)
8.8.9PenfielditePb2Cl3(OH)
8.8.10FiedleritePb3FCl4(OH) · H2O
8.8.11BlixitePb2(O,OH)2Cl
8.8.12PseudocotunniteK2PbCl4
8.8.13DiaboleitePb2CuCl2(OH)4
8.8.14PseudoboleitePb31Cu24Cl62(OH)48
8.8.15ChloroxiphitePb3CuO2Cl2(OH)2
8.8.17BideauxitePb2AgCl3(F,OH)2
8.8.18BoleiteKPb26Ag9Cu24(OH)48Cl62
8.8.19AravaipaitePb3AlF9 · H2O
8.8.20YedlinitePb6Cr3+Cl6(O,OH,H2O)8
8.8.21KolaritePbTeCl2
8.8.22HematophanitePb4Fe3O8(OH,Cl)

Other Names for Cotunnite

Synonyms:

Cottunite

Lead chloride

Name in Other Languages:
Italian:Cotunnia
Simplified Chinese:氯铅矿
Spanish:Cotunnita
Traditional Chinese:氯鉛礦

Other Information

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Cotunnite

Reference List:
Monticelli and Covelli (1825).

Kobell, Fr. Von (1830) Charakteristik der Mineralien. Part 1 (1830); part 2 (1831), Nürnberg: 2: 179.

Stöber (1895) Académie royale des sciences de Belgique, Brussels, Bull.: 30(3): 345.

Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 890.

Hintze, Carl (1912) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [2B]: 2350.

Goldschmidt, V. (1913) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 2: 193.

Lorenz and Eitel (1915) Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, Hamburg, Leipzig: 91: 48.

Russell (1920) Mineralogical Magazine: 14: 64.

Bräkken and Harang (1928) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 68: 123.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 42-44.

Mineralogial Abstracts (1969): 69: 1075.

Soviet Physics – Crystallography (1976): 21: 38.

Africano, F., Van Rompaey, G., Bernard, A., Le Guern, F. (2002): Deposition of trace elements from high temperature gases of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. Earth Planets Space: 54: 275-286

Internet Links for Cotunnite

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    Localities for Cotunnite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Waitschach
    		Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German).
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Goldberg group
          • Kleine Fleiß valley
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Brazil
     
    • Mato Grosso
      • Juína
        • Sorriso river
    		Kaminsky, F. V., Ryabchikov, I. D., & Wirth, R. (2015). A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth. Mineralogy and Petrology, 1-12.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Sudbury District
        • Levack Township
    		Dare, S. A., Barnes, S. J., Prichard, H. M., & Fisher, P. C. (2014). Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Cu-Rich Ores from the McCreedy East Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit (Sudbury, Canada): Implications for the Behavior of Platinum Group and Chalcophile Elements at the End of Crystallization of a Sulfide Liquid. Economic Geology, 109(2), 343-366.
      • Thunder Bay District
    		Liferovich & Mitchell pers. comm. L. Horváth 2005: L. Horváth 2009
        • Seeley Lake Area
    		EcoMetrix Reort for Stillwater Canada Inc, Marathon Project (2012) Table 4.1-3
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
        • Sierra Gorda District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 44.
    Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter, Curator of Hamburg Mineralogical Museum, Germany
    • Tarapacá Region
      • El Tamarugal Province
    		Brent Thorne specimen. EDS analyzed by Joy Desor.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 44; J. Schlüter at al.: N. Jb. Min. Abh. 182(1):95-101 (2005)
    France
     
    • Grand Est
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		P&T N°23-24, H. BARI 1982, Minéralogie des filons du Neuenberg à Sainte Marie aux Mines (Haut-Rhin).
            • Sankt Wilhelm vein
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
    • Occitanie
      • Lozère
        • Mende
          • St Etienne-du-Valdonnez
    		D. Gol (2009), Le Règne Minéral n°90
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		U. Kolitsch, J. Gröbner, F. Brandstätter and R. Bayerl (2010): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald (IV): Calcioandyrobertsit, Cotunnit, Gerhardtit, Khaidarkanit, Lukrahnit, Mckinstryit, Moolooit, Rhabdophan-(La), Rouait und Uricit. Lapis 35 (9), 22-27; 62 (in German).
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Röhrnbach
    		Habel, M. (2009): Der Granodioritbruch der Fa. Josef Uhrmann OHG, Steinerleinbach bei Röhrnbach. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 66-86.
    • Hesse
      • Richelsdorf District
        • Nentershausen
          • Süß
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Essen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Marl
          • Marl-Hüls
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Mansfeld Basin
        • Helbra
    		XRD analysis (T. Witzke)
    Greece
     
    • Attikí Prefecture (Attica; Attika)
      • Lavrion District (Laurion; Laurium)
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
    Schnorrer-Köhler, G., Standfuss, K. & Standfuss, L. (1981): Neufunde von Mineralen aus den antiken Bleischlacken Laurions. Der Aufschluss, 32, 165-169.
          • Passa Limani area
    		No reference listed
          • Sounion area
    		Laurion The minerals in the ancient slags,page 74,in genaral all discribed minerals can occur at all the slag places mentioned in this book written by Piet gelaude Piet vsn Kalmthout and Christia Rewitzer
    India
     
    • Karnataka
      • Kolar District
        • Kolar Gold Fields
          • Central Schist Belt
    		Genkin A D, Safonov Y G, Vasudev V N, Rao B K, Boronikhin V A, Vyalsov L N, Gorshkov A I, Mokhov A V (1985) Kolarite PbTeCl2 and radhakrishnaite PbTe3(Cl,S)2, new mineral species from the Kolar Gold Deposit, India, The Canadian Mineralogist, 23, 501-506
    Iran
     
    • Esfahan Province (Isfahan Province; Aspadana Province)
      • Nain County (Nayin County)
        • Anarak District
    		Bariand, P. 1963. Contribution à la minéralogie de l’lran. Bulletin de la Société Française de minéralogie et de cristallographie, 86: 17-64. [Locality description in brief and mineralogical list with photographs] Bariand, P. 2003. Un apercu général sur la Minéralogie de I'Iran. Le Règne Minéral, 54: 41-51.
    Israel
     
    • Negev
      • Makhtesh Ramon area (Ramon crater area)
    		Itamar, A. (1993): Hydrothermal alteration of quartz syenite in Shen Ramon, Israel: mineralogy, petrography and economic evaluation. Proc. Quadrenn. IAGOD Symp., 8th, 823-834.
    Italy (TL)
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Soviet Physics, Crystallography, volume 21, pp. 38(1976); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 43; Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58.
    • Sicily
      • Messina Province
        • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
          • Lipari
            • Vulcano Island
    		Campostrini I. et al - Vulcano: ein aussergewohnlicher Fundpunkt von neuen und seltenen Mineralien - MineralienWelt 2010 - nr.3 - p.40-57
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Massa Marittima
    		Lattanzi P. Tanelli G.,1978: Considerazioni genetiche sulla cotunnite del giacimento a pirite di Niccioleta (Toscana). 'Rend.Soc.Ital.Mineral.Petrol. 34 (1) Milano pp. 37-44 Brizzi G., Capperi M., Masotti A. - La miniera di pirite di Niccioleta, Massa Marittima (GR) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, Fasc. 4 (1989) e Fasc. 1 - 2(1990)
      • Livorno Province
        • Campigliese (Campiglia Mountains; Campiglia Ridge)
          • Campiglia Marittima
            • Madonna di Fucinaia (Madonna della Fucinaia) slag heaps
    		http://www.comune.pisa.it/apsn/Articoli/Scorie/Capattoli.htm
        • Piombino
    		Cerutti, G. and Preite, D. (1995): Mineralien der etruskischen Schlacken von Baratti, Toskana. Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18; 50 (in German).
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Waikato
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Norway
     
    • Vest-Agder
      • Flekkefjord
        • Hidra (Hitterø)
    		Griffin W. L., Nilsen, B. & Jensen, B, B (1977): Mineralogiske undersøkelser av tinntallerkener fra Hidra-vraket. Norsk Sjøfartsmuseums Årsberetning 1976, 111-114
    Peru
     
    • Ancash Department
      • Pallasca Province
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 44.
    Poland
     
    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
        • Rybnik Coal Area
          • Radlin
    		Łukasz Kruszewski (2012) Unique chloride assemblage of exhalative origin from burning coal-mining dump in Radlin (Rybnik Coal Area, S Poland). Mineralogical Society of Poland Special Papers 40
    Romania
     
    • Hunedoara Co.
      • Deva
    		www.minerals-of-the-carpathians,2009
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
        • Tolbachik volcano
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
            • Northern Breakthrough (North Breach)
    Pekov, I. V., Zubkova, N. V., Britvin, S. N., Yapaskurt, V. O., Chukanov, N. V., Lykova, I. S., ... & Pushcharovsky, D. Y. (2015). New zinc and potassium chlorides from fumaroles of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia: mineral data and crystal chemistry. III. Cryobostryxite, KZnCl3· 2H2O. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27(6), 805-812
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Mandarino, J. A. (2003). New minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41(3), 803-828.
            • Southern Breakthrough (South Breach)
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    Spain
     
    • Asturias
    		José Rafael González López collection.
    Tunisia
     
    • Mahdia Governorate
      • Mahdia
    		Kutzke, H., Barbier, B., Becker, P. & Eggert, G. (1997): Barstowite as a corrosion product on a lead object from the Mahdia shipwreck. Studies in Conservation 42, 176-180.
    U.S. Virgin Islands
     
    Alminas, Henry V.; Foord, Eugene E.; Tucker, Robert E. (1994) Geochemistry, mineralogy, and geochronology of the U.S. Virgin Islands USGS Bulletin 2057 36p
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Agnes District
          • Crantock
    		BMS Newsletter 79, March 2010 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
        • Wendron & Falmouth District
          • Falmouth
            • Falmouth Harbour
    		Goley, P. and Williams R. (1995) Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications
      • Devon
        • South Devon
          • Torquay
    		No reference listed
      • Somerset
        • Cranmore
    		Turner, R.W. and Rumsey, M.S. (2010): Mineral Relationships in the Mendip Hills. Journal of the Russell Society, vol 13, pp 3-46; Turner R.W. and Rumsey, M.S. (2007) Merehead Mineralogy - an Update. Russell Soc Newsletter, No 50, pp 17-18 (March 2007); Turner, R.W., (2006) A Mechanism for the formation of the Mineralised Mn Deposits at Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset, England. Mineralogical Magazine vol. 70, no. 6, pp 629 - 653
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway
        • Wanlockhead
          • Wanlock Dod-Whytes Cleuch
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanengan
            • Abersoch
    		Hubbard, N. & Green, D.I., 2005. Cotunnite from Penrhyn Du Mine, Gwynedd, Wales. Journal of the Russell Society, 8(2), 106-107.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
        • Grand Wash Cliffs
          • Bentley District
            • Grand Gulch
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 190; Hill, J.M. (1914b), The Grand Gulch Mining Region, Mohave Co., AZ, USGS Bull.580: 39-58; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Mineras of AZ: 44.
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Silver Lake District
          • Soda Mts
            • Baker
              • Otto Mountain
    		Collected by Bob Housley. SEM EDS analzyed.
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Easthampton
    		Shepard, C. U. (1866). Cotunnite at Southampton lead mine (American Journal of Science, 2nd series 47:247-48).
    • New Mexico
      • Luna Co.
    		Robert E Walstrom (2015) Skarn Minerals of the Victorio Mountains, Luna County, New Mexico. 36th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium p 34
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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