Originally recognized by Mikhail Vassil’evich Lomonosov in 1763 as a red lead ore. Johann Gottlob Lehmann in 1766 named it Nova Minera Plumbi. Various authors later gave the mineral a name signifying the presence of lead and the color red: minera plumbi rubra (Wallerius, 1778), Rothes bleierz (Werner, 1774), and Plomb rouge (Macquart, 1789). After the element chromium was announced in 1798, a new series of names was applied to the species: Plomb chromaté (Haüy, 1801), Kallochrom (Hausmann, 1813), etc. Renamed Crocise by François Sulpice Beudant in 1832 and Krokoisite by Franz von Kobell in 1838. Translated to the current pronunciation, Krokoit, by Johann August Breithaupt in 1841. Named Beresofite in 1844 by Charles Upham Shepard. Named Lehmannite by Henry J. Brooke and William H. Miller in 1852. The name crocoite comes from the Greek κρόκος "crocon" = saffron, alluding to the saffron-orange color of its powder.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tsvetnoi Mine, Uspenskaya Mt, Berezovsk Deposit, Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Crocoite is commonly found as crystals, usually as long prismatic crystals and more rarely as equant crystals, but are most often poorly terminated, and are usually of a bright hyacinth-red color, which are translucent and have an adamantine to vitreous lustre. When fine-grained it can be bright yellow to orange, and some crystals are dark red.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Crocoite.

Classification of CrocoiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Strunz 8th ed.:

6/F.01-30

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:

7.FA.20

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
A : Without additional anions

Dana 7th ed.:

35.3.1.1

Dana 8th ed.:

35.3.1.1

35 : ANHYDROUS CHROMATES
3 : AXO₄

Hey's CIM Ref.:

27.2.5

27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
2 : Chromates

Physical Properties of CrocoiteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Adamantine, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Orange, red, yellow; orange-red in transmitted light.

Streak:

Yellow-orange

Hardness:

2½ - 3 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
Distinct on {110}, indistinct on {001} and {100}.

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

5.97 - 6.02 g/cm³ (Measured) 5.97 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

6.06 (Dundas mat.); 6.12 (artificial mat.)

Optical Data of CrocoiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 2.290(2) n_β = 2.360(2) n_γ = 2.660(2)

2V:

Measured: 57° , Calculated: 54°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.370

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Very High

Dispersion:

very strong r > v inclined

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

X= Red-orange
Y = b = Red-orange
Z ^c +5½° = Blood red

Chemical Properties of CrocoiteHide

Formula:

PbCrO₄

IMA Formula:

Pb(CrO₄)

Elements listed:

Cr, O, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Zn,S

Crystallography of CrocoiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/b

Cell Parameters:

a = 7.12 Å, b = 7.421 Å, c = 6.8 Å
β = 102.41°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.959 : 1 : 0.916

Unit Cell V:

350.90 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals commonly prismatic [001] to acicular crystals with nearly square outline; elongated parallel to [_101]; pseudo-octahedral at times, with {111} {_111}, or acute rhombohedral with {110} {_hOl}. Faces usually smooth and brilliant; {110} commonly striated [001], and the steep orthodomes rounded or distorted. Crystals are often cavernous or hollow. Massive; imperfectly columnar to granular.

Crystallographic forms of CrocoiteHide

Crystal Atlas:

Image Loading

Click on an icon to view

Crocoite no.76 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Crocoite no.111 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Type Occurrence of CrocoiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tsvetnoi Mine, Uspenskaya Mt, Berezovsk Deposit, Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum, Paris

Synonyms of CrocoiteHide

Beresofite (of Shepard)

Beresowite (of Shepard)

Lehmannite (of Brooke)

Red lead ore

Red lead-ore from Beresov

Other Language Names for CrocoiteHide

Catalan:Crocoita

Dutch:Crocoiet

French:Crocoïte
Crocoise
Minerai de plomb rouge
Plomb chromaté
Plombe rouge de Sibérie

German:Krokoit
Bleichromat
Bleiischer Chromspath
Chrombleispath
Chromsaures Blei
Crocoisit
Kallochrom
Krokoisit
Lehmannit
Rotbleierz
Rothes Bleierz

Italian:Crocoite

Japanese:紅鉛鉱

Latin:Minera plumbi rubra
Minera spathiforma rubra
Nova minera plumbi

Low Saxon/Low German:Krokoit

Norwegian:Krokoitt

Russian:Крокоит

Simplified Chinese:铬铅矿

Slovak:Krokoit

Spanish:Crocoisita
Crocoita
Lehmannita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Pyromorphite	171 photos of Crocoite associated with Pyromorphite on mindat.org.
Vauquelinite	85 photos of Crocoite associated with Vauquelinite on mindat.org.
Gibbsite	59 photos of Crocoite associated with Gibbsite on mindat.org.
Dundasite	58 photos of Crocoite associated with Dundasite on mindat.org.
Limonite	21 photos of Crocoite associated with Limonite on mindat.org.
Chrome-Cerussite	20 photos of Crocoite associated with Chrome-Cerussite on mindat.org.
Cerussite	18 photos of Crocoite associated with Cerussite on mindat.org.
Quartz	14 photos of Crocoite associated with Quartz on mindat.org.
Coronadite	10 photos of Crocoite associated with Coronadite on mindat.org.
Philipsbornite	8 photos of Crocoite associated with Philipsbornite on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping Hide

7.FA.05	Tarapacáite	K₂(CrO₄)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.FA.10	Chromatite	CaCr⁶⁺O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
7.FA.15	Hashemite	Ba(CrO₄)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping Hide

27.2.1	Tarapacáite	K₂(CrO₄)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
27.2.2	Lópezite	K₂Cr₂O₇	Tric. 1 : P1
27.2.3	Chromatite	CaCr⁶⁺O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
27.2.4	Hashemite	Ba(CrO₄)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
27.2.6	Phoenicochroite	Pb₂(CrO₄)O	Mon.
27.2.7	Santanaite	Pb₁₁(CrO₄)O₁₂	Hex. 6 2 2 : P6₃ 2 2
27.2.8	Iranite	Pb₁₀Cu(CrO₄)₆(SiO₄)₂(OH)₂	Tric.
27.2.9	Hemihedrite	Pb₁₀Zn(CrO₄)₆(SiO₄)₂(OH)₂	Tric.

Fluorescence of CrocoiteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

Chromate minerals contain the carcinogenic and mutagenic chromate ion. Always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest. Do not pour chromate-containing solutions down the drain.

References for CrocoiteHide

Reference List:

Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)

Lomonosov, Mikhail Vassil’evich (1763) Grundlagen der Metallurgie: 1: 44. [as Red lead-ore from Beresov].

Lehmann, Johann G. (1766) Nov. Comm. Ac. Petrop. [as Nova minera Plumbi].

Lehmann, Johann G. (1767) Nachricht von einem neu endechten Bleyerze. Neues Hamburg Magazin: 7: 336-348.

Pallas (1770) Reise durch versch. Prov. russ. Reichs: 2: 235. [as Minerai de plomb rouge].

Werner, Abraham Gottlieb (1774) Von d. äusserlichen Kennzeichen d. Fossilien. Leipzig: 296. [as Rotbleierz and Rothes Bleierz].

Wallerius, J. G. (1775) Systema mineralogicum. Holmiae. vol. 2: 309. [as Minera Plumbi rubra].

Macquart, Louis Charles Henri (1789) Le Journal de physique et le radium, Paris: 36: 389. [as Plombe rouge de Sibérie].

Marquart, Louis Charles Henri (1789) Essais ou Recueil de mémoires sur plusieurs points de minéralogie, Chez Cechet, Paris, pp. 580 + 7 plates.

Vauquelin, Louis (1794) Le Journal de physique et le radium, Paris: 45: 393. [as Plombe rouge de Sibérie].

Vauquelin, Louis (1798) Le Journal de physique et le radium, Paris: 46: 152, 311. [as Plombe rouge de Sibérie].

Haüy, Rene Just (1801) Traité de minéralogie. First edition: in 4 volumes with atlas in fol.; also (1801), Paris: 3: 357. [as Plomb chromaté].

Hausmann, J. F. L. (1813) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen: 1084. [as Kallochrom].

Beudant, F. S. (1832) Crocoïse, plomb chromaté. Traité Élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 669. [as Crocoise].

von Kobell, F. (1838) Grundzüge der Mineralogie. Nürnberg: 282. [as Krokoisit].

Breithaupt, A. (1841) Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie. Vol. 2: 262. [as Bleiischer Chromspath].

Brooke, H. J., Miller, W. H. (1852) Introduction to Mineralogy by William Phillips, London, 1823. New edition by Brooke and Miller. 8vo, London: 557. [as Lehmannite].

Shepard, Charles U. (1844) Treatise on Mineralogy. second edition: 121. [as Beresofite].

Dauber (1860) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Ber.: 42: 19.

Des Cloizeaux (1882) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 5: 103.

de Schulten (1904) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 27: 135.

Anderson, C. (1906) Mineralogical Notes: No. III - Axinite, petterdite, crocoite, datolite. Records of the Australian Museum: 6(3), 133-144.

Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 63.

Goldschmidt, V. (1922) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 7: 130.

Hintze, C. (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 4030.

Brill (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 77: 506.

Gliszczynski (1939) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 101: 1.

Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124pp.: 646-649.

Quareni, S., de Pieri, R. (1965) A 3-dimensional refinement of structure of crocoite (PbCrO4). Acta Crystallographica: 19: 287-289.

Wilkins, R. W. T (1971) The Raman spectrum of crocoite. Mineralogical Magazine: 38: 249-250.

Effenberger, H., Pertlik, F. (1986) Four monazite type structures: comparison of SrCrO4, SrSeO4, PbCrO4 (crocoite), and PbSeO4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 176: 75-83.

Anthony, J. W., Bideaux, R. A., Bladh, K. W., Nichols, M. C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 167.

Internet Links for CrocoiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1157.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Search Engines:

Look for Crocoite on Google

Look for Crocoite images on Google

External Links:

Look for Crocoite on Webmineral

Look for Crocoite on Wikipedia

Look for Crocoite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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Specimens:

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Localities for CrocoiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
South Australia Olary Province Wadnaminga goldfield ⓘ Wadnaminga Mine
Tasmania Waratah-Wynyard municipality Heazlewood district ⓘ Heazlewood Mine	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 348, 648; Bottrill.
Luina ⓘ Mt Cleveland Mine	http://www.crocoite.com/mainadit/luina.htm
ⓘ Whyte River mine	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 348, 648.
Waratah district Magnet ⓘ Magnet Mine	Dana 7:II:653.; Haupt, J., Bottrill, R.S., and Sorrell, S.P. 1995, The minerals of the Magnet Mine, Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol 1 No 1, 3-19.
West Coast municipality Zeehan district ⓘ Dundas mineral field	Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
ⓘ Adelaide Mine (Adelaide Pty Mine; Adelaide Proprietary Mine)	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648; Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
ⓘ Andersons mine	Australian Journal of Mineralogy (2006) 12: 59-90
ⓘ Bonanza Mine (Lucky Star Mine)	Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
ⓘ Comet Maestries Mine	Bottrill, R.S., Williams, P., Dohnt, S., Sorrell, S. and Kemp, N.R. (submitted). Crocoite and associated minerals from Dundas and other locations in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy.
ⓘ Dundas Extended Mine	Bottrill et al, 2006'
ⓘ Kosminsky Mine	Australian Journal of Mineralogy (2006) 12: 59-90
ⓘ Platt Prospect	R. Bottrill, unpub. data; Australian Journal of Mineralogy (2006) 12: 59-90
ⓘ Red Lead Mine	Min.Rec.: 20(5):393.; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.
ⓘ West Comet Mine	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648; Bottrill et al., in prep
North Dundas ⓘ Kapi Mine	Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania, R. Bottrill (in prep) Mineral resources Tasmania
Zeehan mineral field Zeehan Queen mine ("Sylvester-Queen") ⓘ Pyromorphite lode	Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages.
Western Australia Menzies Shire Comet Vale ⓘ Happy Jack Mine (Lady Bee Mine)	Grguric, B. A., Pring, A., Bevan, A. W. R. and Downes, P. J. (2006): The minerals of Comet Vale, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 12, 9-23.
Menzies ⓘ Lady Shenton Gold Mine (Menzies)	Rox Resources Ltd (2004), Prospectus. Independent Geologist's Report on the Menzies Project (Castle, M.) 12/02/2004
Westonia Shire Westonia ⓘ Edna May Gold Mine	Simpson, E.S., (1948) Minerals of Western Australia. Volume 1-3. Government Printer, Perth.

Austria
Tyrol North Tyrol Imst - Nassereith District Nassereith ⓘ Alpleskopf	Exel, R. (1993): Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs. Author's edition, 447 pp.
ⓘ Dirstentritt	R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)

Brazil
Minas Gerais ⓘ Congonhas	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.
ⓘ Goiabeira mine	Eberhard Reich info taken from old specimen label.

Canada
Ontario Algoma District Nicolet Township ⓘ Tribag Mine	Sabina, Ann P. (1991) Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg, Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 49.
ⓘ Breton Breccia zone	Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49.
ⓘ East Breccia zone	Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49.
ⓘ South Breccia zone	Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. p.58
Thunder Bay District Bomby Township Hemlo gold deposit ⓘ Williams Mine (Page Williams Mine)	Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. p.86
Québec Montréal ⓘ Francon quarry	TARASSOFF, P., HORVÁTH, L. and PFENNINGER-HORVÁTH, E. (2006) Famous mineral localities: the Francon quarry, Montréal, Québec. Mineralogical Record, 37, 5-60.

Chile
Antofagasta Antofagasta Province Sierra Gorda District Caracoles ⓘ San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine)	maurizio dini collection - analysed material
ⓘ Unión Minera mine	Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany.
ⓘ Restauradora Mine	British Museum online catalogue 2007

China
Gansu Baiyin Baiyin District Baiyinchang ore field ⓘ Xiaotieshan Zn-Pb-Cu-Au-Ag deposit	Guoying Chen and Wanmao Li (1991): Journal of Lanzhou University, Natural Science Edition 27(2), 157-162

DR Congo
Lualaba Kolwezi mining district ⓘ Kasompi Mine (Menda Mine; Kasompi Hill)	Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Puy-de-Dôme Pontgibaud ⓘ La Goutelle
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Dordogne Nontron ⓘ Le Cantonnier vein	Y. Laurent, J. Lougnon, R. Pierrot, H.J. Schubnel : "La Crocoïte de Nontron (Dordogne) et les Minéraux Associés", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., 1967, XC, N°3, 377-382
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Var Callas ⓘ Pennafort ?	"Mines et Mineraux de la Provence Cristalline" - G.Mari

Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia Eifel ⓘ Mechernich ?	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
Saxony Zwickau Glauchau Callenberg ⓘ Callenberg North open cut (No. 1)	[MinRec 33:166]

Italy
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Lanzo Valleys Balangero ⓘ Poggio San Vittore asbestos mine	Prete, R. (1995): L'amiantifera di S. Vittore, Balangero, Torino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1995, 313-333.

Mexico
Jalisco Bolaños Municipality Bolaños ⓘ Iguana Mine	Panczner(1987):142-388.
ⓘ Pichardo Mine	Panczner(1987):172.
ⓘ Santa Fé Mine	Panczner (1987):80-393; Dana 7:I:518.
ⓘ Verde Mine	Panczner (1987): 172.

Namibia
Otjozondjupa Region Grootfontein Kombat ⓘ Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis)	Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425.

Philippines
ⓘ Luzon	F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy", 12th Ed. (1900)
Bicol Region Camarines Norte Province ⓘ Labo	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.

Romania
Bihor Nucet ⓘ Băiţa mining district (Baita Bihor; Rézbánya)	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.; www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009)
ⓘ St Anthony Mine	Dana 6: 914.
Caraş-Severin Poiana Ruscă Mts Rusca Montană Commune (Ruszkabánya; Russberg; Ruskberg) ⓘ Rusca Montană mining area	Rădulescu, D., Dimitrescu, R., 1966, Mineralogia Topografică a României, Ed. Academiei RSR, 1966, p.337

Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast Verkhny Ufaley ⓘ Sukhovyaz Mt.	Sehrig, M. (2012): Krokoit aus dem Ural - nicht nur aus Beresovka. Lapis, 37 (12), 30-31 (in German).
Ufaley District (Ufalei District) ⓘ Sukhovyaz Mt. (Sukhovyazskoe deposit)	Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data
Sverdlovsk Oblast Beryozovsky ⓘ Berezovsk Deposit	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 650; American Mineralogist: 73(11-12): 1493.; Cook, R. B. (2007). Crocoite: Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. Rocks & Minerals, 82(1), 50-54
ⓘ Preobrazhenskii Mine	Cook, R. B. (2007). Crocoite: Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. Rocks & Minerals, 82(1), 50-54
ⓘ Svinechnaya Mt	Pavel M. Kartashov data
Uspenskaya Mt ⓘ Crocoite mine (Crocoitovyi shurf)	Pavel M. Kartashov data
ⓘ Tsvetnoi Mine (TL)	Lomonosov (1763) Grundlagen der Metallurgie: 1: 44 (as Red lead-ore from Beresov); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648, 650.; Cook, R. B. (2007). Crocoite: Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. Rocks & Minerals, 82(1), 50-54.
ⓘ Blagodatnyi Mines	Koshkin, V.A. [Кошкин В.А.] (2014): Semi precious stones from the Urals (Reference and guidebook) [Самоцветы Урала (Справочник-путеводитель)]. Ekaterinburg, 286 pp.
Nizhnii Tagil ⓘ Mednorudyanskoye Cu Deposit	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.
Rezhevsky District ⓘ Totschilnyi Kljutsch	Sehrig, M. (2012): Krokoit aus dem Ural - nicht nur aus Beresovka. Lapis, 37 (12), 30-31 (in German).

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Brezno Co. ⓘ Brezno	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Revúca Co. Jelšava ⓘ Jelšavská Dúbrava	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590

South Africa
Mpumalanga Gert Sibande District Carolina ⓘ Kindergoed Farm	Minerals of South Africa
Nkangala District Delmas Argent ⓘ Argent Mines	Minerals of South Africa; Wight, Q. (2002). Through the'Scope: The Year in Micromounting: 2001 Was a Year of Change. Rocks & Minerals, 77(3), 181-189.
ⓘ Shimwell vein (Pretoria Mine)	Minerals of South Africa
ⓘ Transvaal Mine (Main Mine; Argent Main Mine)	Minerals of South Africa

Tajikistan
Sughd Kuraminskii Range Altyn-Topkan ore field ⓘ Altyn Topkan mine	Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30

UK
England Cornwall Lezant ⓘ Greystones Quarry	Famous British Mineral Localities: Greystone Quarry, Lezant, Cornwall. N Elton, D Green, J Hooper & S Weiss. UK Journal of Mines & Minerals No 24, 2004, pp 9-28
Cumbria Allerdale Caldbeck ⓘ ~~Roughton Gill~~	Branston, J.W. (1910) The minerals of Cumberland. Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society, 2, 14-29.; Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 160 pp.
ⓘ Caldbeck Fells Mining Region ?	Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1991) Famous Mineral Localities: Pyromorphite Group Minerals from the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England. Mineralogical Record, 22(2), 105-121.
Eden Mungrisdale ⓘ Brandy Gill Mine ?	Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 160 pp.
ⓘ Poddy Gill ?	Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 160 pp.
Scotland Dumfries and Galloway Wanlockhead Wanlock Dod-Whytes Cleuch ⓘ High Pirn Mine (Belton Grain Vein and New Vein)	BMS Database
South Lanarkshire Leadhills Wanlock Dod ⓘ Hopeful Vein	BMS Database

USA
Arizona Gila Co. Sierra Ancha Mts Sierra Ancha District ⓘ Workman Creek Valley	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193.
Maricopa Co. Big Horn Mts Osborn District Hummingbird Spring ⓘ Moon Anchor Mine (Aggravation Mine; East Vulture Mining Co. Mine)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193-194; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from Arizona, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438; Williams, S.A., et al (1970), A study of Phoenichchroite-Its structure and properties, Am.Min.: 55: 784-792.
ⓘ Blue Jay Mine (Blue Jay property; Blue Jay claim)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193; Silliman (1881); Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
ⓘ Chromate Mine (Chromate claim)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193; Silliman, B. (1881), Mineralogical Notes, Amer. Jour. Sci.: 22: 198-205; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
Gillespie Black Butte ⓘ Butte Mine (Reed & Rodriguez prospect; Black Butte manganese claims; Black Butte claim)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194.
Vulture Mts Vulture District ⓘ Phoenix Mine (Phoenix property; Phoenix claim)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193; Silliman, B. (1881), Mineralogical notes, Amer.Jour.Sci.: 22: 198-205; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
ⓘ Potter-Cramer Mine (Potter Cramer property)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from AZ, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438; Williams, S.A., et al (1970), A study of phoenicochroite-Its structure and properties, Am.MIn.:: 55: 784-792.
Vulture ⓘ Farley's Collateral Mine (Collateral Mine; Collateral claim)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67; Silliman, B. (1881), Mineralogical notes, Amer. Jour. Sci.: 22: 198-205.
Pima Co. Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation Comobabi Mts Cababi District (Comobabi District) Ko Vaya Mildren Mine group ⓘ Mildren Mine (Mildren claim; Mildred Mine)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194; Williams, S.A, (1963), Oxidation of sulfide ores in the Mildren and Steppe mining districts, Pima Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1119-1125.
ⓘ Steppe Mine (Steppe claim; Little Mary Mine)	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194; Williams, S.A, (1963), Oxidation of sulfide ores in the Mildren and Steppe mining districts, Pima Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1119-1125.
Pinal Co. Mammoth District Tiger St. Anthony deposit ⓘ Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine (Mammoth-St Anthony Mine; Mammoth Mine; St. Anthony Mine)	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.
Yavapai Co. Black Rock District ⓘ Constellation	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 225.
California Inyo Co. Darwin Hills ⓘ Darwin District	Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp. (includes catalog of minerals of California pp. 63-410), and miscellaneous observations on mineral products): 114; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 163.
ⓘ Darwin	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.
ⓘ Darwin Mine (Anaconda; Bernon Mine; Defiance Mine; Essex Mine; Independence Mine; Intermediate Mine; Rip Van Winkle Mine; Thompson Mine)	Hall, Wayne Everett & E.M. Mackevett (1958), Economic geology of the Darwin quadrangle, Inyo County, California: Calif Division of Mines Special Report 51, 77 pp.: 18; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 342.
Riverside Co. Hexie Mts Hexie District Monument Mountain ⓘ Eldorado Mine (New Eldorado Mine)	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 348, 648, 898.; Cal Div of Mines & Geo Bulletin 189 " Minerals of California"
San Bernardino Co. Silver Lake District Soda Mts Baker Otto Mountain ⓘ Ridge Ledge prospect	Collected by Marek Chorazewicz. EDS analyzed by Bob Housley.
Colorado Gunnison Co. Willow Creek District ⓘ Seventy-Six shaft	The Williamson Southern Group
North Carolina ⓘ Nash Co.	Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C,1881, Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina,Geologic Survey

Zimbabwe
Manicaland Mutare District (Umtali District) ⓘ Penhalonga (Penchalonga; Panhalonga)	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.; Bartholomew, D. S. (1990). Base metal and industrial mineral deposits of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Survey No. 22
ⓘ Kings Daughter Mine	Bartholomew, D. S. (1990). Base metal and industrial mineral deposits of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Survey No. 22

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