Crocoite
This page kindly sponsored by PH, dedicated to JULIA ROSE HUGGINS
About Crocoite
Formula:
PbCr6+O4
Colour:
Orange, red, yellow; orange-red in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
5.97 - 6.02
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Originally recognized by Mikhail Vassil’evich Lomonosov in 1763 as a red lead ore. Johann Gottlob Lehmann in 1766 named it Nova Minera Plumbi. Various authors later gave the mineral a name signifying the presence of lead and the color red: minera plumbi rubra (Wallerius, 1778), Rothes bleierz (Werner, 1774), and Plomb rouge (Macquart, 1789). After the element chromium was announced in 1798, a new series of names was applied to the species: Plomb chromaté (Haüy, 1801), Kallochrom (Hausmann, 1813), etc. Renamed Crocise by François Sulpice Beudant in 1832 and Krokoisite by Franz von Kobell in 1838. Translated to the current pronunciation, Krokoit, by Johann August Breithaupt in 1841. Named Beresofite in 1844 by Charles Upham Shepard. Named Lehmannite by Henry J. Brooke and William H. Miller in 1852. The name crocoite comes from the Greek κρόκος "crocon" = saffron, alluding to the saffron-orange color of its powder.
Crocoite is commonly found as crystals, usually as long prismatic crystals and more rarely as equant crystals, but are most often poorly terminated, and are usually of a bright hyacinth-red color, which are translucent and have an adamantine to vitreous lustre. When fine-grained it can be bright yellow to orange, and some crystals are dark red.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Crocoite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Crocoite.
Classification of Crocoite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
6/F.01-30
7.FA.20
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
A : Without additional anions
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
A : Without additional anions
Dana 7th ed.:
35.3.1.1
35.3.1.1
35 : ANHYDROUS CHROMATES
3 : AXO4
35 : ANHYDROUS CHROMATES
3 : AXO4
27.2.5
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
2 : Chromates
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
2 : Chromates
Physical Properties of Crocoite
Sub-Adamantine, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Orange, red, yellow; orange-red in transmitted light.
Streak:
Yellow-orange
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Distinct on {110}, indistinct on {001} and {100}.
Distinct on {110}, indistinct on {001} and {100}.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.97 - 6.02 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.97 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
6.06 (Dundas mat.); 6.12 (artificial mat.)
Optical Data of Crocoite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.290(2) nβ = 2.360(2) nγ = 2.660(2)
2V:
Measured: 57° , Calculated: 54°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.370

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
very strong r > v inclined
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= Red-orange
Y = b = Red-orange
Z ^c +5½° = Blood red
Y = b = Red-orange
Z ^c +5½° = Blood red
Chemical Properties of Crocoite
Formula:
PbCr6+O4
IMA Formula:
Pb(CrO4)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Zn,S
Crystallography of Crocoite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.12 Å, b = 7.421 Å, c = 6.8 Å
β = 102.41°
β = 102.41°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.959 : 1 : 0.916
Unit Cell V:
350.90 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals commonly prismatic [001] to acicular crystals with nearly square outline; elongated parallel to [_101]; pseudo-octahedral at times, with {111} {_111}, or acute rhombohedral with {110} {_hOl}. Faces usually smooth and brilliant; {110} commonly striated [001], and the steep orthodomes rounded or distorted. Crystals are often cavernous or hollow. Massive; imperfectly columnar to granular.
Crystallographic forms of Crocoite
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009297 | Crocoite | Quareni S, De Pieri R (1965) A three-dimensional refinement of the structure of crocoite, PbCrO4 Acta Crystallographica 19 287-289 | ![]() | 1965 | 0 | 293 | |
0019487 | Crocoite | Effenberger H, Pertlik F (1986) Four monazite type structures: comparison of SrCrO4, SrSeO4, PbCrO4 (crocoite), and PbSeO4 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 176 75-83 | ![]() | 1986 | Dundas, Tasmania | 0 | 293 |
0014540 | Crocoite | Knight K S (2000) A high temperature structural phase transition in crocoite (PbCrO4) at 1068 K: crystal structure refinement at 1073 K and thermal expansion tensor determination at 1000 K Mineralogical Magazine 64 291-300 | ![]() | 2000 | Dundas, Tasmania | 0 | 1073 |
0020242 | Crocoite | Bandiello E, Errandonea D, Martinez-Garcia D, Santamaria-Perez D, Manjon F J (2012) Effects of high-pressure on the structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of monzanite-type PbCrO4 Physical Review B85 024108-10 | 2012 | Red Lead mine, Dundas, Tasmania, Australia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
Uncommon secondary mineral in lead deposits associated with chromium-bearing rocks.
Type Occurrence of Crocoite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Paris
Synonyms of Crocoite
Other Language Names for Crocoite
Catalan:Crocoita
Dutch:Crocoiet
German:Krokoit
Bleichromat
Bleiischer Chromspath
Chrombleispath
Chromsaures Blei
Crocoisit
Kallochrom
Krokoisit
Lehmannit
Rotbleierz
Rothes Bleierz
Bleigelb (in part)
Bleichromat
Bleiischer Chromspath
Chrombleispath
Chromsaures Blei
Crocoisit
Kallochrom
Krokoisit
Lehmannit
Rotbleierz
Rothes Bleierz
Bleigelb (in part)
Italian:Crocoite
Japanese:紅鉛鉱
Low Saxon/Low German:Krokoit
Norwegian:Krokoitt
Portuguese:Crocoite
Russian:Крокоит
Simplified Chinese:铬铅矿
Slovak:Krokoit
Spanish:Crocoisita
Crocoita
Lehmannita
Crocoita
Lehmannita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
171 photos of Crocoite associated with Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
85 photos of Crocoite associated with Vauquelinite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(PO4)(OH) |
59 photos of Crocoite associated with Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
58 photos of Crocoite associated with Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O |
21 photos of Crocoite associated with Limonite | |
20 photos of Crocoite associated with Chrome-Cerussite | PbCO3 |
18 photos of Crocoite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
14 photos of Crocoite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
10 photos of Crocoite associated with Coronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
8 photos of Crocoite associated with Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
7.FA.05 | Tarapacáite | K2(CrO4) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.FA.10 | Chromatite | CaCr6+O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.FA.15 | Hashemite | BaCr6+O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
27.2.1 | Tarapacáite | K2(CrO4) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
27.2.2 | Lópezite | K2Cr6+2O7 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
27.2.3 | Chromatite | CaCr6+O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
27.2.4 | Hashemite | BaCr6+O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
27.2.6 | Phoenicochroite | Pb2(CrO4)O | Mon. |
27.2.7 | Santanaite | Pb11(CrO4)O12 | Hex. 6 2 2 : P63 2 2 |
27.2.8 | Iranite | Pb10Cu(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Tric. |
27.2.9 | Hemihedrite | Pb10Zn(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Tric. |
Fluorescence of Crocoite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
Chromate minerals contain the carcinogenic and mutagenic chromate ion. Always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest. Do not pour chromate-containing solutions down the drain.
References for Crocoite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Lomonosov, Mikhail Vassil’evich (1763) Grundlagen der Metallurgie: 1: 44. [as Red lead-ore from Beresov].
Lehmann, Johann G. (1766) Nov. Comm. Ac. Petrop. [as Nova minera Plumbi].
Lehmann, Johann G. (1767) Nachricht von einem neu endechten Bleyerze. Neues Hamburg Magazin: 7: 336-348.
Pallas (1770) Reise durch versch. Prov. russ. Reichs: 2: 235. [as Minerai de plomb rouge].
Werner, Abraham Gottlieb (1774) Von d. äusserlichen Kennzeichen d. Fossilien. Leipzig: 296. [as Rotbleierz and Rothes Bleierz].
Wallerius, J. G. (1775) Systema mineralogicum. Holmiae. vol. 2: 309. [as Minera Plumbi rubra].
Macquart, Louis Charles Henri (1789) Le Journal de physique et le radium, Paris: 36: 389. [as Plombe rouge de Sibérie].
Marquart, Louis Charles Henri (1789) Essais ou Recueil de mémoires sur plusieurs points de minéralogie, Chez Cechet, Paris, pp. 580 + 7 plates.
Vauquelin, Louis (1794) Le Journal de physique et le radium, Paris: 45: 393. [as Plombe rouge de Sibérie].
Vauquelin, Louis (1798) Le Journal de physique et le radium, Paris: 46: 152, 311. [as Plombe rouge de Sibérie].
Haüy, Rene Just (1801) Traité de minéralogie. First edition: in 4 volumes with atlas in fol.; also (1801), Paris: 3: 357. [as Plomb chromaté].
Hausmann, J. F. L. (1813) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen: 1084. [as Kallochrom].
Beudant, F. S. (1832) Crocoïse, plomb chromaté. Traité Élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 669. [as Crocoise].
von Kobell, F. (1838) Grundzüge der Mineralogie. Nürnberg: 282. [as Krokoisit].
Breithaupt, A. (1841) Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie. Vol. 2: 262. [as Bleiischer Chromspath].
Brooke, H. J., Miller, W. H. (1852) Introduction to Mineralogy by William Phillips, London, 1823. New edition by Brooke and Miller. 8vo, London: 557. [as Lehmannite].
Shepard, Charles U. (1844) Treatise on Mineralogy. second edition: 121. [as Beresofite].
Dauber (1860) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Ber.: 42: 19.
Des Cloizeaux (1882) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 5: 103.
de Schulten (1904) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 27: 135.
Anderson, C. (1906) Mineralogical Notes: No. III - Axinite, petterdite, crocoite, datolite. Records of the Australian Museum: 6(3), 133-144.
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 63.
Goldschmidt, V. (1922) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 7: 130.
Hintze, C. (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 4030.
Brill (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 77: 506.
Gliszczynski (1939) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 101: 1.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124pp.: 646-649.
Quareni, S., de Pieri, R. (1965) A 3-dimensional refinement of structure of crocoite (PbCrO4). Acta Crystallographica: 19: 287-289.
Wilkins, R. W. T (1971) The Raman spectrum of crocoite. Mineralogical Magazine: 38: 249-250.
Effenberger, H., Pertlik, F. (1986) Four monazite type structures: comparison of SrCrO4, SrSeO4, PbCrO4 (crocoite), and PbSeO4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 176: 75-83.
Anthony, J. W., Bideaux, R. A., Bladh, K. W., Nichols, M. C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 167.
Internet Links for Crocoite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1157.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Crocoite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 348, 648. Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania, Bulletin 73, 254 pages. Anonymous (1969) Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Tasmanian Department of Mines, Geological Survey Record No. 9, (Revised and amended 1969), 110 pages. |
| http://www.crocoite.com/mainadit/luina.htm |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 348, 648. | |
| Dana 7:II:653.; Haupt, J., Bottrill, R.S., and Sorrell, S.P. 1995, The minerals of the Magnet Mine, Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol 1 No 1, 3-19. |
| Mason, A. (1976) The world of Rocks and Minerals. New York, N.Y., Larousse & Co., 108 pages.; Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages.. |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648; Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages. | |
Bottrill, R.S., Williams, P.A., Dohnt, S., Sorrell, S., Kemp, N.R. (2006) Crocoite and associated minerals from Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 12(2), 59-90. | |
Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages. | |
Bottrill, R.S., Williams, P.A., Dohnt, S., Sorrell, S., Kemp, N.R. (2006) Crocoite and associated minerals from Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 12(2), 59-90. | |
Bottrill, R.S., Williams, P.A., Dohnt, S., Sorrell, S., Kemp, N.R. (2006) Crocoite and associated minerals from Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 12(2), 59-90. | |
Australian Journal of Mineralogy (2006) 12: 59-90 | |
R. Bottrill, unpub. data. Bottrill, R.S., Williams, P.A., Dohnt, S., Sorrell, S., Kemp, N.R. (2006) Crocoite and associated minerals from Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 12(2), 59-90. | |
Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages. Min.Rec.: 20(5):393. Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648. Bottrill, R.S., Williams, P., Dohnt, S., Sorrell, S. and Kemp, N.R. (2006): Crocoite and associated minerals from Dundas and other locations in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy. 12, 59-90. | |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648; Bottrill et al., in prep | |
| Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania, R. Bottrill (in prep) Mineral resources Tasmania |
| Bottrill, R.S., Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey Tasmania Bulletin 73, 254 pages. |
| Grguric, B. A., Pring, A., Bevan, A. W. R. and Downes, P. J. (2006): The minerals of Comet Vale, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 12, 9-23. |
| Rox Resources Ltd (2004), Prospectus. Independent Geologist's Report on the Menzies Project (Castle, M.) 12/02/2004 |
| Simpson, E.S., (1948) Minerals of Western Australia. Volume 1-3. Government Printer, Perth. |
Austria | |
| Exel, R. (1993): Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs. Author's edition, 447 pp. |
R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) | |
Brazil | Mason, A. (1976) The world of Rocks and Minerals. New York, N.Y., Larousse & Co., 108 pages. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648. |
Eberhard Reich info taken from old specimen label. | |
Canada | |
| Sabina, Ann P. (1991) Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg, Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 49. |
Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. | |
Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. | |
Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. p.58 | |
| Ann P.Sabina (1991), Rocks and Minerals for the Collector, Sudbury to Winnipeg. GSC Misc. Report 49. p.86 |
| GRICE, J.D. (1989) A Mineral Locality in Montreal City. In: Famous Mineral Localities of Canada. Published by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited & the National Museum of Natural Sciences, 190 pages: 109-114; 176-178.; TARASSOFF, P., HORVÁTH, L., PFENNINGER-HORVÁTH, E. (2006) Famous mineral localities: the Francon quarry, Montréal, Québec. The Mineralogical Record, 37, 5-60. |
Chile | |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed material |
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany. | |
British Museum online catalogue 2007 | |
China | |
| Guoying Chen and Wanmao Li (1991): Journal of Lanzhou University, Natural Science Edition 27(2), 157-162 |
DR Congo | |
| Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992) |
France | |
| |
| Y. Laurent, J. Lougnon, R. Pierrot, H.J. Schubnel : "La Crocoïte de Nontron (Dordogne) et les Minéraux Associés", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., 1967, XC, N°3, 377-382 |
| "Mines et Mineraux de la Provence Cristalline" - G.Mari |
Germany | |
| Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages. |
| [MinRec 33:166] |
Italy | |
| Prete, R. (1995): L'amiantifera di S. Vittore, Balangero, Torino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1995, 313-333. |
Jordan | |
| Sokol, E.V.; Kokh, S.N.; Seryotkin, Y.V.; Deviatiiarova, A.S.; Goryainov, S.V.; Sharygin, V.V.; Khoury, H.N.; Karmanov, N.S.; Danilovsky, V.A.; Artemyev, D.A. Ultrahigh-Temperature Sphalerite from Zn-Cd-Se-Rich Combustion Metamorphic Marbles, Daba Complex, Central Jordan: Paragenesis, Chemistry, and Structure. Minerals 2020, 10, 822. |
Mexico | |
| Panczner(1987):142-388. |
Panczner(1987):172. | |
Panczner (1987):80-393; Dana 7:I:518. | |
Panczner (1987): 172. | |
Mozambique | |
| Kalbskopf, S. (2003). A preliminary brief assessment of the Monarch mine, Manica Province, Mozambique. Unpublished geological report. |
Namibia | |
| Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425. |
Philippines | |
F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy", 12th Ed. (1900) | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648. |
Poland | |
| Traube, H. (1888) Die Minerale Schlesiens. J.U. Kern's Verlag, Breslau, 286 pages [in German]. |
Romania | Mason, A. (1976) The world of Rocks and Minerals. New York, N.Y., Larousse & Co., 108 pages. |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.; www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009) |
Dana 6: 914. | |
| Rădulescu, D., Dimitrescu, R., 1966, Mineralogia Topografică a României, Ed. Academiei RSR, 1966, p.337 |
Russia | |
| Sehrig, M. (2012): Krokoit aus dem Ural - nicht nur aus Beresovka. Lapis, 37 (12), 30-31 (in German). |
| Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 650; American Mineralogist: 73(11-12): 1493.; Cook, R. B. (2007). Crocoite: Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. Rocks & Minerals, 82(1), 50-54 |
Cook, R. B. (2007). Crocoite: Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. Rocks & Minerals, 82(1), 50-54 | |
Pavel M. Kartashov data | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
| Lomonosov (1763) Grundlagen der Metallurgie: 1: 44 (as Red lead-ore from Beresov); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648, 650.; Cook, R. B. (2007). Crocoite: Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. Rocks & Minerals, 82(1), 50-54. |
Koshkin, V.A. [Кошкин В.А.] (2014): Semi precious stones from the Urals (Reference and guidebook) [Самоцветы Урала (Справочник-путеводитель)]. Ekaterinburg, 286 pp. | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648. |
| Sehrig, M. (2012): Krokoit aus dem Ural - nicht nur aus Beresovka. Lapis, 37 (12), 30-31 (in German). |
| Dmitry A. Khanin, PhD |
Mason, A. (1976) The world of Rocks and Minerals. New York, N.Y., Larousse & Co., 108 pages. | |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590 |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590 |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |
| De Jager, F. S. J. (1966). A post-mineralization strike-fault along a limb of a multiple cymoid structure in a Transvaal lead-silver mine. South African Journal of Geology, 69(1), 119-126. |
Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.; Wight, Q. (2002). Through the'Scope: The Year in Micromounting: 2001 Was a Year of Change. Rocks & Minerals, 77(3), 181-189. | |
Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. | |
Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. | |
Tajikistan | |
| Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30 |
UK | |
| Famous British Mineral Localities: Greystone Quarry, Lezant, Cornwall. N Elton, D Green, J Hooper & S Weiss. UK Journal of Mines & Minerals No 24, 2004, pp 9-28 |
| Branston, J.W. (1910) The minerals of Cumberland. Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society, 2, 14-29.; Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 160 pp. |
Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1991) Famous Mineral Localities: Pyromorphite Group Minerals from the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England. Mineralogical Record, 22(2), 105-121. | |
| Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 160 pp. |
| Cooper, M.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 160 pp. |
| BMS Database |
| BMS Database |
USA | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193; Silliman (1881); Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193; Silliman, B. (1881), Mineralogical Notes, Amer. Jour. Sci.: 22: 198-205; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67. | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193-194; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from Arizona, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438; Williams, S.A., et al (1970), A study of Phoenichchroite-Its structure and properties, Am.Min.: 55: 784-792. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193; Silliman, B. (1881), Mineralogical notes, Amer.Jour.Sci.: 22: 198-205; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from AZ, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438; Williams, S.A., et al (1970), A study of phoenicochroite-Its structure and properties, Am.MIn.:: 55: 784-792. | |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67; Silliman, B. (1881), Mineralogical notes, Amer. Jour. Sci.: 22: 198-205. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194; Williams, S.A, (1963), Oxidation of sulfide ores in the Mildren and Steppe mining districts, Pima Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1119-1125. |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194; Williams, S.A, (1963), Oxidation of sulfide ores in the Mildren and Steppe mining districts, Pima Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1119-1125. | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 225. |
| Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp. (includes catalog of minerals of California pp. 63-410), and miscellaneous observations on mineral products): 114; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 163. |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648. | |
Hall, Wayne Everett & E.M. Mackevett (1958), Economic geology of the Darwin quadrangle, Inyo County, California: Calif Division of Mines Special Report 51, 77 pp.: 18; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 342. | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 348, 648, 898.; Cal Div of Mines & Geo Bulletin 189 " Minerals of California" |
| Collected by Marek Chorazewicz. EDS analyzed by Bob Housley. |
| The Williamson Southern Group |
| Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C,1881, Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina,Geologic Survey |
Zimbabwe | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 648.; Bartholomew, D. S. (1990). Base metal and industrial mineral deposits of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Survey No. 22 |
Bartholomew, D. S. (1990). Base metal and industrial mineral deposits of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Survey No. 22 |
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Adelaide Mine, Dundas mineral field, Zeehan District, West Coast municipality, Tasmania, Australia