Cylindrite
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About Cylindrite
Formula:
Pb3Sn4FeSb2S14
Colour:
Grey-black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
5.43 - 5.49
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
From the Greek κύλιυδροσ, a roll, in allusion to the typical cylindrical habit of the mineral.
Type Locality:
Cylindrite Group.
There is a relation between the cylindrical morphology and crystal structure. The latter is composite and characterizes in incommensurate modulations. There are two types of sheets, a pseudohexagonal one and a pseudotetragonal one, both with distinct lattice parameters. Crystals' core has different structure than its outer zone: the b and c axes of the two sheets are nearly parallel, but the more far from the core the more clear sheet rotation is observed. Layer curving is one of the ways of an accomodation of the dimensional sheet misfit by a cylindrite crystal.
There is a relation between the cylindrical morphology and crystal structure. The latter is composite and characterizes in incommensurate modulations. There are two types of sheets, a pseudohexagonal one and a pseudotetragonal one, both with distinct lattice parameters. Crystals' core has different structure than its outer zone: the b and c axes of the two sheets are nearly parallel, but the more far from the core the more clear sheet rotation is observed. Layer curving is one of the ways of an accomodation of the dimensional sheet misfit by a cylindrite crystal.
Classification of Cylindrite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
2/C.17-80
2.HF.25a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
F : With SnS and PbS archetype structure units
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
F : With SnS and PbS archetype structure units
3.1.4.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
1 : ø > 4
3 : SULFOSALTS
1 : ø > 4
6.1.20
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
1 : Sulphostannates and other sulfides containing Sn
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
1 : Sulphostannates and other sulfides containing Sn
Physical Properties of Cylindrite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey-black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=54 - 93 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Malleable
Cleavage:
Perfect
ON {100}
ON {100}
Density:
5.43 - 5.49 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.443 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cylindrite
Anisotropism:
Distinct, gray to pale yellowish or brownish gray
Colour in reflected light:
Galena-white
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Extremely weak: Parallel to elongation gray-white, perpendicular to the elongation, darker gray-white. Stronger in oil.
Chemical Properties of Cylindrite
Formula:
Pb3Sn4FeSb2S14
IMA Formula:
FePb3Sn4Sb2S14
Common Impurities:
Ag
Crystallography of Cylindrite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Morphology:
Massive. Cylindrical forms separating under pressure into smooth, concentric shells. Spherically-grouped aggregates.
Comment:
Two subcells, pseudotetragonal and pseudohexagonal
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
Tin bearing hydrothermal veins
Type Occurrence of Cylindrite
Synonyms of Cylindrite
Other Language Names for Cylindrite
Relationship of Cylindrite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Abramovite | Pb2SnInBiS7 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Lévyclaudite | Pb8Sn7Cu3(Bi,Sb)3S28 | Tric. 1 |
| Merelaniite | Mo4Pb4VSbS15 | Tric. 1 |
Common Associates
| Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 |
| Galena | PbS |
| Incaite | (Pb,Ag)4Sn4FeSb2S15 |
| Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| Potosíite | Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 |
| Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| Teallite | PbSnS2 |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Cylindrite associated with Incaite | (Pb,Ag)4Sn4FeSb2S15 |
| 5 photos of Cylindrite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 4 photos of Cylindrite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 3 photos of Cylindrite associated with Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| 2 photos of Cylindrite associated with Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| 1 photo of Cylindrite associated with Potosíite | Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 |
| 1 photo of Cylindrite associated with Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 2.HF.20 | Vrbaite | Hg3Tl4As8Sb2S20 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca |
| 2.HF.25b | Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 2.HF.25b | Incaite | (Pb,Ag)4Sn4FeSb2S15 | Mon. |
| 2.HF.25a | Lévyclaudite | Pb8Sn7Cu3(Bi,Sb)3S28 | Tric. 1 |
| 2.HF.25b | Potosíite | Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 | Tric. |
| 2.HF.25b | Coiraite | (Pb,Sn)12.5Sn5FeAs3S28 | Mon. |
| 2.HF.25a | Abramovite | Pb2SnInBiS7 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 2.HF.30 | Lengenbachite | Ag4Cu2Pb18As12S39 | Tric. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 3.1.4.2 | Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 3.1.4.3 | Incaite | (Pb,Ag)4Sn4FeSb2S15 | Mon. |
| 3.1.4.4 | Potosíite | Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 | Tric. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 6.1.1 | Kuramite | Cu3SnS4 | Tet. |
| 6.1.2 | Mohite | Cu2SnS3 | Mon. |
| 6.1.3 | Velikite | Cu2HgSnS4 | Tet. |
| 6.1.4 | Hemusite | Cu6SnMoS8 | Iso. |
| 6.1.5 | Kiddcreekite | Cu6SnWS8 | Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m |
| 6.1.6 | Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
| 6.1.7 | Rhodostannite | Cu1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4 | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| 6.1.8 | Mawsonite | Cu6Fe2SnS8 | Tet. 4 2m : P4m2 |
| 6.1.9 | Chatkalite | Cu6FeSn2S8 | Tet. 4 2m : P4m2 |
| 6.1.10 | Ferrokësterite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
| 6.1.11 | Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
| 6.1.12 | Stannoidite | Cu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12 | Orth. |
| 6.1.13 | Černýite | Cu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
| 6.1.14 | Vinciennite | Cu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16 | Tet. |
| 6.1.15 | Pirquitasite | Ag2ZnSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
| 6.1.16 | Hocartite | Ag2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
| 6.1.17 | Teallite | PbSnS2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 6.1.18 | Franckeite | Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 6.1.19 | Lévyclaudite | Pb8Sn7Cu3(Bi,Sb)3S28 | Tric. 1 |
| 6.1.21 | Potosíite | Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 | Tric. |
| 6.1.22 | Sakuraiite | (Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 | Iso. |
| 6.1.23 | Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 | Orth. |
| 6.1.24 | Incaite | (Pb,Ag)4Sn4FeSb2S15 | Mon. |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Ferromagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Cylindrite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Frenzel (1893), Jb. Min.: II: 125 (as Kylindrite).
Prior (1904), Mineralogical Magazine: 14: 25.
Moritz (1933), Jb. Min., Beil.-Bd.: 66: 205.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 482-483.
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths, Pergamon Press, pp. 1174.
Makovicky, E. (1971): Microstructure of cylindrite. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh. 1971, 404–413.
Makovicky, E. (1974): Mineralogical data on cylindrite and incaite. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh. 1974, 235–256.
Makovicky, E. (1976): Crystallography of cylindrite. Part I. Crystal lattices and incaite. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh. 126, 304–326.
Williams, T.B. and Hyde, B.G. (1988): Electron microscopy of cylindrite and franckeite. Phys. Chem. Minerals 15, 521–544.
Wang, S., Kuo, K.H. (1991): Crystal lattices and crystal chemistry of cylindrite and franckeite. Acta Crystallographica, A47, 381-392.
Wang, S., Buseck, P.R. (1992): Cylindrite: The relation between its cylindrical shape and modulated structure. American Mineralogist: 77: 758-764.
Sturm, C., Schmidt‐Grund, R., Kaden, R., von Wenckstern, H., Rheinländer, B., Bente, K., & Grundmann, M. (2007, April). Optical Properties of Cylindrite. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 893, No. 1, pp. 1483-1484). AIP.
Salyer, P. A., & Ter Haar, L. W. (1997). Magnetic properties of the mineral, cylindrite (FePb 3 Sn 4 Sb 2 S 14). Journal of applied physics, 81(8), 5163-5165.
Internet Links for Cylindrite
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https://www.mindat.org/min-1204.html
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Localities for Cylindrite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372.; Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.; Board, W. S., Kennedy, B., & Yeomans, T. (2011). NI 43-101 Technical Report on the Pirquitas Mine.; Coira, B. L., & de Brodtkorb, M. K. (1995) Polymetallic mineralization associated with Cenozoic volcanism in Northern Puna, Argentina. In Pacrim (Vol. 95, pp. 135-140). |
| Paar, W.H., Miletich, R., Topa, D., Criddle, A.J., De Brodtkorb, M.K., Amthauer, G., Tippelt, G. (2000) Suredaite, PbSnS3, a new mineral species, from the Pirquitas Ag-Sn deposit, NW-Argentina: mineralogy and crystal structure. American Mineralogist: 85: 1066-1075.; Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.; Paar, W. H., de Brodtkorb, M. K., Sureda, R. J., & Topa, D. (2010). Mineralogy and chemistry of tin and lead sulfides and sulfosalts in the Pirquitas Mine vein deposit, Jujuy, Argentina (22° 41'S-66° 28'W). Andean Geology, 28(2), 259-268. | |
Bolivia | |
| [MinRec 32:476] |
| Petrov, A., & White, S. (2001). Kylindrit von der Itos Mine, Oruro, Bolivien. MINERALIEN MAGAZIN LAPIS, 26(9), 27-29. | |
| [MinRec 32:479]; Pastor, M., Pastor, A., Torró, L., Martínez, Á., Artiaga, D., Torres, B., ... & Alfonso, P. (2015) The San José-Itos Mines, Oruro, Bolivia: Structure and Ag-Sn Mineralization. in Mineral Resources in a Sustainable World • 13th SGA Biennial Meeting 2015. Proceedings, Volume 1 pp 327-330; Sidki Rius, N. (2017). Metalogénesis del yacimiento San José, Oruro, Bolivia (Bachelor's thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya). | |
| Cacho, A.; Melgarejo, J.-C.; Camprubí, A.; Torró, L.; Castillo-Oliver, M.; Torres, B.; Artiaga, D.; Tauler, E.; Martínez, Á.; Campeny, M.; Alfonso, P.; Arce-Burgoa, O.R. (2019) Mineralogy and Distribution of Critical Elements in the Sn–W–Pb–Ag–Zn Huanuni Deposit, Bolivia. Minerals 9, 753 |
| Dana 7:I:483.; Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia, Boletín No. 5 (Especial), page 17o (Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo, La Paz) | |
| Dana 7:I:440,449,483.; Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia, Boletín No. 5 (Especial), page 171 (Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo, La Paz) | |
| Jiménez-Franco, A., Alfonso Abella, M. P., Canet Miquel, C., & Trujillo, J. E. (2018). Mineral chemistry of In-bearing minerals in the Santa Fe mining district, Bolivia. Andean Geology, 45(3), 410-432. |
| Jiménez-Franco, A., Alfonso Abella, M. P., Canet Miquel, C., & Trujillo, J. E. (2018). Mineral chemistry of In-bearing minerals in the Santa Fe mining district, Bolivia. Andean Geology, 45(3), 410-432. | |
| (Cylindrite specimens alleged to be from the Candelaria mine are more likely to be from the neighbouring Trinacria mine.) |
| Dana 7:I:449, 483.; Gibson & Turneaure (1950) Trans AIME 187:1071-1078; SUGAKI, A., & KITAKAZE, A. (1988). Tin-bearing minerals from Bolivian polymetallic deposits and their mineralization stages. Mining Geology, 38(211), 419-435. | |
| [MinRec 32:477]; Torres, B., Melgarejo, J. C., Torró, L., Camprubí, A., Castillo-Oliver, M., Artiaga, D., ... & Arce-Burgoa, O. R. (2019). The Poopó Polymetallic Epithermal Deposit, Bolivia: Mineralogy, Genetic Constraints, and Distribution of Critical Elements. Minerals, 9(8), 472. | |
| Ahlfeld, F., Schneider-Scherbina, A. (1964) Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia. [Mineral Deposits and Petroleum Occurrences of Bolivia]. Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo, Departamento Nacional de Geologia, La Paz, Boletin 5, Especial, 388 pages. | |
| [MinRec 32:479] |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia. (Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo, La Paz) |
| Ahlfeld, F. and Schneider-Scherbina, A. (1964) Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia. (Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo, La Paz) | |
| [MinRec 32:469] |
| Economic Geology - Volume 16 - Page 68 | |
| Alfredo Petrov, field collected specimens. |
| Mineralogical Record: 32: 474.; Hyrsl, J. & A. Petrov (2006): Famous Mineral Localities: Llallagua, Bolivia. Mineralogical Record. 37: 117-162 | |
| Min Rec (1977) 8:52-57 | |
Ireland | |
| C. J. Andrew and J. H. Ashton (1985) Trans. Inst. Mining Metall., sect. B, 94, 66-93; C. J. Andrew (1986) pers. comm.; Ryback, G., Nawaz, R. and Farley, E. (1988) Seventh Supplementary List of British Isles Minerals (Irish). Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 52, n° 365, pp. 267-274. |
Japan | |
| Narita, E. (1963). Geology and Ore Deposits of the Onikobe-Hosokura District, Northeastern Houshu, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy= 北海道大學理學部紀要, 11(4), 651-681. |
Russia | |
| http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm; Distler, V. V., Mitrofanov, G. L., Yudovskaya, M. A., Lishnevsky, E. N., & Prokof’ev, V. Y. (2005). Deep structure and ore-forming processes of the Sukhoi Log gold-platinum deposit, Russia. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 921-923). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
Ukraine | |
| [World of Stones 12:20] |
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Poopó town, Poopó Province, Oruro, Bolivia