Allanite-(La)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Allanite-(La)
Formula:
(CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Colour:
Black, with brownish reflections
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.93
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 2006 by Paolo Orlandi and Marco Pasero for its relationship to other allanite group minerals, with lanthanum as the dominant rare earth element. The root name is for Thomas Allan (1777, Edinburgh, Scotland - 1833, Morpeth, Northumberland, England), Scottish banker and mineralogist who first described what is now allanite-(Ce). Samples fitting the description of allanite-(La) were described earlier and the name was recommended by Levinson (1966) but a proper species description was not given until 2006.
Allanite Group of the Epidote Supergroup. The La-analogue of Allanite-(Ce).
The large well formed crystals of "allanite-(La)" from the Nueva Vizcaya Mine, Spain published by Del Tanago et al. (2002) as “macroscopic La-dominant allanite and REE-rich epidote crystals” are zoned crystals containing allanite with Ce>La,allanite with La>Ce, and REE-rich epidote. Only thin zones within the crystals contain sufficient REE to qualify as allanite-(La), and the La dominant material were too scarce to adequately describe allanite-(La) as a new mineral.
Fleischer (1985) has studied analyses of 506 allanites and presents the average content of each of the REE elements (including Y) in various rock types:
The large well formed crystals of "allanite-(La)" from the Nueva Vizcaya Mine, Spain published by Del Tanago et al. (2002) as “macroscopic La-dominant allanite and REE-rich epidote crystals” are zoned crystals containing allanite with Ce>La,allanite with La>Ce, and REE-rich epidote. Only thin zones within the crystals contain sufficient REE to qualify as allanite-(La), and the La dominant material were too scarce to adequately describe allanite-(La) as a new mineral.
Fleischer (1985) has studied analyses of 506 allanites and presents the average content of each of the REE elements (including Y) in various rock types:
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Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
126
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:126:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
a9c5bb3c-6812-424e-9b83-bd3a80cab66d
IMA Classification of Allanite-(La)
Classification of Allanite-(La)
9.BG.05b
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
58.2.1a.2
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Aln-La | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Aln | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Aln | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Aln | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Aln | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Allanite-(La)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Black, with brownish reflections
Streak:
Brown
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
along {001}
along {001}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.93 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.94 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Allanite-(La)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.755 nβ = 1.760 nγ = 1.765
2V:
Calculated: 90°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
very high
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
greenish to greenish brown
Chemistry of Allanite-(La)
Mindat Formula:
(CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Crystallography of Allanite-(La)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.914 Å, b = 5.726 Å, c = 10.132 Å
β = 114.87°
β = 114.87°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.557 : 1 : 1.769
Unit Cell V:
469.1 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
prismatic crystals, elongated along [010]
observed forms: {001}, {100}, {101}, {10_1}, {210} and {011}
observed forms: {001}, {100}, {101}, {10_1}, {210} and {011}
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0006069 | Allanite-(La) | Orlandi P, Pasero M (2006) Allanite-(La) from Buca della Vena mine, Apuan Alps, Italy, an epidote-group mineral The Canadian Mineralogist 44 63-68 | 2006 | Buca della Vena mine, near Stazzema, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.506 Å | (20) |
2.901 Å | (100) |
2.860 Å | (40) |
2.692 Å | (60) |
2.611 Å | (50) |
2.174 Å | (25) |
Comments:
Format: d/Å (I/%) (hkl)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Allanite-(La)
General Appearance of Type Material:
prismatic crystals up to 2–3 mm in length
Geological Setting of Type Material:
baryte veins cutting a dolomitic metamorphosed limestone
Synonyms of Allanite-(La)
Other Language Names for Allanite-(La)
Relationship of Allanite-(La) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Allanite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Allanite-(Y) | (CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. |
Androsite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
Dissakisite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Dissakisite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriallanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Ferriandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Manganiakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Manganiandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Uedaite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE | (Ca0.5◻0.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
UM1994-25-SiO:AlCaFeHREEV | (CaREE)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
UM2006-14-SiO:AlCaHMnREE | (CaCe)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
Vanadoallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
8 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
7 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
5 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
5 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Britholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
4 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
2 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Allanite-Epidote | {(Ca,REE)2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
2 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
2 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
2 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
2 photos of Allanite-(La) associated with Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.BG. | Shuiskite-(Cr) | Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
9.BG. | Alnaperbøeite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG. | Magnesiovesuvianite | Ca19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
9.BG. | Alumovesuvianite | Ca19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
9.BG. | Zoisite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG. | Vielleaureite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG. | Heflikite | (CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG. | Zilbermintsite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Y) | (CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Dissakisite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Dollaseite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Hancockite | (CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Khristovite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Mukhinite | (CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Manganiandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Tweddillite | (CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Niigataite | (CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Dissakisite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Uedaite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a | Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Åskagenite-(Nd) | (Mn2+Nd)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O |
9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Vanadoallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Ferriandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05 | Androsite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05a v | Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote) | (CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE | (Ca0.5◻0.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Manganiakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.05b | Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.9.BG. | Ferriakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.9.BG. | Ferriandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.9.BG | Ferriperbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.10 | Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
9.BG.15 | Macfallite | Ca2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
9.BG.15 | Sursassite | Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
9.BG.20 | Okhotskite | Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) | Ca2Mn2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Shuiskite-(Mg) | Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Al) | Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
9.BG.20 | Poppiite | Ca2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Mg) | Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
9.BG.25 | Ganomalite | Pb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)O |
9.BG.25 | Wayneburnhamite | Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3 |
9.BG.30 | Rustumite | Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2 |
9.BG.35 | Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Wiluite | Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Fluorvesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Hongheite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9 |
9.BG.35 | Milanriederite | (Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
9.BG.35 | Manaevite-(Ce) | (Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9 |
9.BG.40 | Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | (Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7 |
9.BG.45 | Dellaite | Ca6Si3O11(OH)2 |
9.BG.50 | Gatelite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.50 | Ferriperbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
9.BG.55 | Västmanlandite-(Ce) | CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2 |
9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(Ce) | (CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
Fluorescence of Allanite-(La)
None
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Allanite-(La)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-126.html
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References for Allanite-(La)
Reference List:
Marble, John Putnam (1940) Allanite from Barringer Hill, Llano County, Texas. American Mineralogist, 25 (3) 168-173
Fleischer, M. (1985) A summary of the variations in relative abundance of the lanthanides and yttrium in allanites and epidotes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 57 (1). 151-155 doi:10.17741/bgsf/57.1-2.012
Localities for Allanite-(La)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Orlandi et al. (2006) |
Austria | |
| Bernhard (2011) |
Canada | |
| Canadian Mineralogist 41:117-137 |
| Pan et al. (1991) |
| Ercit |
China | |
www.mindat.org (n.d.) | |
Finland | |
| Al Ani |
Germany | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| SEM-EDS by Joy Desor and Gerhard Möhn |
| Blass +1 other reference |
Blass +1 other reference | |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Blass +1 other reference |
Italy (TL) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2006) |
Japan | |
| Tanaka et al. (2010) |
Mongolia | |
| Zenina (2017) |
Myanmar | |
| Shi et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
New Zealand | |
| Orlandi et al. (2006) |
| P. Black |
Russia | |
| Doroshkevich et al. (2012) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| V..A. Popov fnflythical data |
| Zhirov K.K. e.a. (1961) +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| Bačík P. et al. (2018) |
South Africa | |
| Mitchell et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| et al. (2002) |
Switzerland | |
| EDXS analysis |
USA | |
| Karl Estes (1998) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2006) |
| Marble (1940) +1 other reference |
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