Ecandrewsite
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Formula:
(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3
Colour:
Dark brown, black
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.98 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1988 by W.D. Birch, E.A.J. Burke, V.J. Wall and M.A. Etheridge in honor of Ernest Clayton Andrews (18 October 1870, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia - 1 July 1948, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia), formerly New South Wales government geologist, who mapped the Broken Hill region.
Classification of Ecandrewsite
Approved
Approval Year:
1978
4/C.05-40
4.CB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4.3.5.4
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
7.9.30
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
Physical Properties of Ecandrewsite
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Dark brown, black
Streak:
Brown-black
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=500 - 600 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
4.98 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Ecandrewsite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
Type:
Anisotropic
Anisotropism:
greenish grey to dark brownish grey
Colour in reflected light:
Greyish-white
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemical Properties of Ecandrewsite
Formula:
(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3
IMA Formula:
ZnTiO3
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Ecandrewsite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.09 Å, c = 14.03 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.756
Unit Cell V:
314.79 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Type Occurrence of Ecandrewsite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Tabular
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Melbourne Rockwell mine at Museum of Victoria (M35700)
San Valentin occurrence are deposited in the collections of the Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
San Valentin occurrence are deposited in the collections of the Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Geological Setting of Type Material:
disseminated in quartz-rich metasediments of amphibolite-granulite facies
Synonyms of Ecandrewsite
Other Language Names for Ecandrewsite
Relationship of Ecandrewsite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 | Trig. |
Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Hemleyite | (Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide) | FeCrO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+(Sb5+,Fe3+)O3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 | Trig. |
4.CB.05 | Unnamed (Auroantimonate) | AuSbO3 | |
4.CB.05 | UM1998-11-O-AuHSb | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) | |
4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
4.CB.10 | Avicennite | Tl2O3 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3 |
4.CB.10 | Bixbyite | Mn3+2O3 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3 |
4.CB.15 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.20 | Ferrohögbomite-6N12S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 | Hex. |
4.CB.25 | Kleberite | FeTi6O11(OH)5 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 | Mon. |
4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 | Mon. |
4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti3O9 | Mon. |
4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 | Hex. |
4.CB.40 | Nolanite | (V3+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti)10O14(OH)2 | Hex. |
4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
4.CB.45 | Claudetite | As2O3 | Mon. 2/m |
4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
4.CB.50 | Arsenolite | As2O3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.CB.50 | Senarmontite | Sb2O3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.CB.55 | Valentinite | Sb2O3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn |
4.CB.60 | Bismite | Bi2O3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.65 | Sphaerobismoite | Bi2O3 | Tet. |
4.CB.70 | Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 | Iso. 2 3 : I2 3 |
4.CB.75 | Kyzylkumite | V3+Ti2O5(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
4.CB.80 | Tietaiyangite | Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 | Hex. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
4.3.5.1 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.3.5.2 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.3.5.3 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.3.5.5 | Melanostibite | Mn2+(Sb5+,Fe3+)O3 | Trig. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.9.1 | Hongquiite | TiO | |
7.9.2 | Rutile | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
7.9.3 | Anatase | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.9.4 | Brookite | TiO2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.9.5 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.6 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
7.9.7 | Kassite | CaTi2O4(OH)2 | Orth. |
7.9.8 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 | Iso. 4 3m |
7.9.9 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.10 | Lucasite-(Ce) | CeTi2(O,OH)6 | Mon. |
7.9.11 | Hibonite | (Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19 | Hex. |
7.9.12 | Yttrocrasite-(Y) | (Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6 | Amor. |
7.9.13 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.14 | Iwakiite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.9.15 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.9.16 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.9.17 | Ulvöspinel | Fe2TiO4 | Iso. |
7.9.18 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 | Hex. |
7.9.19 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 | Mon. |
7.9.20 | Kennedyite | Fe2TiO5 | |
7.9.21 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.9.22 | Högbomite | (Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10 | Hex. |
7.9.23 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 | |
7.9.24 | Cafetite | CaTi2O5 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
7.9.25 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 | Trig. |
7.9.26 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 | Trig. |
7.9.27 | Priderite | K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16 | Tet. |
7.9.28 | Jeppeite | (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13 | Mon. |
7.9.29 | Ankangite | Ba(Ti,V3+,Cr)8O16 | Tet. 4/m : I4/m |
7.9.31 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Ecandrewsite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Birch, W.D., Burke, E.A.J., Wall, V.J., Etheridge, M.A. (1988) Ecandrewsite, the zinc analogue of ilmenite, from Little Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, and the San Valentin Mine, Sierra de Cartegena, Spain. Mineralogical Magazine: 52(2): 237-240.
Jambor, J.L., Puziewicz, J. (1989) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 74: 500-505.
Whitney, D.L., Hirschmann, M., Miller, M.G. (1993) Zincian ilmenite – ecandrewsite from a pelitic schist, Death Valley, California, and the paragenesis of (Zn,Fe)TiO3 solid solution in metamorphic rocks. Canadian Mineralogist: 31: 425-436 .
Liferovich, R.P., Mitchell, R.H. (2004) Geikielite–ecandrewsite solid solutions: synthesis and crystal structures of the Mg1–xZnxTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) series. Acta Crystallographica: B60: 496-501.
Mitchell, R.H., Liferovich, R.P. (2004) Ecandrewsite - zincian pyrophanite from lujavrite, Pilansberg alkaline complex, South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 1169-1178.
Mitchell, R.H., Liferovich, R.P. (2004) The pyrophanite-ecandrewsite solid-solution: crystal structures of the Mn1-xZnxTiO3 series (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.8). Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 1871-1880.
Internet Links for Ecandrewsite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1346.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Ecandrewsite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia (TL) | |
| Min Mag 52 (1988), 237; American Mineralogist (1989) 74, 501 |
Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. | |
Austria | |
| Brandstätter, F. (2001): 1271. Ecandrewsit vom ehemaligen Silberbergbau 'Silberlucken' bei Neustadl a.d. Donau, Niederösterreich. Pp. 171-172 in Niedermayr, G. et al.: Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich L. Carinthia II, 191./111., 141-185. |
India | |
| Ghosh, B. & Praveen, M.N. (2007): Garnet-gahnite-staurolite relations and occurrence of ecandrewsite from the Koparpani base metal sulfide prospect, Betul Belt, Central India. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 184, 105-116. |
Portugal | |
| Alves, P., Leal Gomes, C., Lopes Nunes, J.E (2012) : Produtos de evolução de triplite-zwieselite, fluorapatite e isokite da mina Sítio do Castelo (Folgosinho, Guarda). II Congresso Jovens Investigadores em Geociências, LEG 2012. |
Russia | |
| Voloshin, A.V., Lyalina, L.M., Savchenko, Ye.E., Selivanova, E.A. [Волошин А.В., Лялина Л.М., Савченко Е.Э., Селиванова Е.А.] (2005): Intragranite rare-metal pegmatites of the alkaline granite formation of the Kola Peninsula. Quartz-zircon pseudomorphs [Внутригранитные редкометалльные пегматиты щелочногранитовой формации Кольского полуострова. Кварц-цирконовые псевдоморфозы]. Zapiski RMO [Записки РМО], 134, 4, 98-107; Lyalina, L.M., Selivanova, E.A., Savchenko, Ye.E., Zozulya, D.R., Kadyrova, G.I. (2014): Minerals of the gadolinite-(Y)–hingganite-(Y) series in the alkali granite pegmatites of the Kola Peninsula. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56, 675-684. |
South Africa | |
| MITCHELL, R.H. & LIFEROVICH, R.P. (2004) Ecandrewsite - zincian pyrophanite from lujavrite. Pilansber alkaline complex, South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist), 42, 1169-1178. |
Spain | |
| Birch, W.D., Burke, E.A.J., Wall, V.J. and Etheridge, M.A. (1988). Ecandrewsite, the zinc analogue of ilmenite, |
Sítio do Castelo Mine, Folgosinho, Gouveia, Guarda District, Portugal