Edenite
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About Edenite
Formula:
{Na}{Ca2}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
The minerals in the edenite group is defined with A(Na+K+2Ca)≥0.5 apfu and C(Al+Fe3++2Ti)≤0.5 apfu and with (OH), F or Cl in the W position.
Edenite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C position: Mg dominant
W position: (OH) dominant
Edenite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C position: Mg dominant
W position: (OH) dominant
Colour:
White, grey, pale to dark green, also brown and pale pinkish-brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5 - 6
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
First mentioned in print in its mineralogical sense by Charles Upham Shepard in 1831, but he stated that the name was in common usage before 1831 and referred to the mineral's locality at Edenville, Orange Co., New York, USA. The first chemical analysis of edenite seems to be that published by Carl Rammelsberg in 1858.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Edenite.
Classification of Edenite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8/F.10-90
9.DE.15
9.DE.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
66.1.3a.10
66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
1 : Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup
66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
1 : Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup
16.11.12
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
11 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and Mg with or without alkalis
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
11 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and Mg with or without alkalis
Physical Properties of Edenite
Vitreous
Colour:
White, grey, pale to dark green, also brown and pale pinkish-brown
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {110}
on {110}
Optical Data of Edenite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.606 - 1.649 nβ = 1.617 - 1.660 nγ = 1.631 - 1.672
2V:
Measured: 52° to 83°, Calculated: 84° to 90°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.025

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak to distinct
Chemical Properties of Edenite
Formula:
{Na}{Ca2}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
The minerals in the edenite group is defined with A(Na+K+2Ca)≥0.5 apfu and C(Al+Fe3++2Ti)≤0.5 apfu and with (OH), F or Cl in the W position.
Edenite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C position: Mg dominant
W position: (OH) dominant
The minerals in the edenite group is defined with A(Na+K+2Ca)≥0.5 apfu and C(Al+Fe3++2Ti)≤0.5 apfu and with (OH), F or Cl in the W position.
Edenite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C position: Mg dominant
W position: (OH) dominant
IMA Formula:
NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Common Impurities:
Ti,Mn,K,P
Crystallography of Edenite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.83 Å, b = 17.95 Å, c = 5.3 Å
β = 105.18°
β = 105.18°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.548 : 1 : 0.295
Unit Cell V:
902.55 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Type Occurrence of Edenite
Synonyms of Edenite
Other Language Names for Edenite
Relationship of Edenite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Ferro-edenite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
Ferro-fluoro-edenite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(AlSi7O22)F2 | |
Fluoro-edenite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Potassic-ferro-chloro-edenite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(AlSi7O22)(Cl,OH)2 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Hematite | 3 photos of Edenite associated with Hematite on mindat.org. |
Titanite | 3 photos of Edenite associated with Titanite on mindat.org. |
Tridymite | 3 photos of Edenite associated with Tridymite on mindat.org. |
Chromite | 2 photos of Edenite associated with Chromite on mindat.org. |
Chondrodite | 2 photos of Edenite associated with Chondrodite on mindat.org. |
Scapolite | 1 photo of Edenite associated with Scapolite on mindat.org. |
Pargasite | 1 photo of Edenite associated with Pargasite on mindat.org. |
Fluorapatite | 1 photo of Edenite associated with Fluorapatite on mindat.org. |
Fluoro-edenite | 1 photo of Edenite associated with Fluoro-edenite on mindat.org. |
Ruby | 1 photo of Edenite associated with Ruby on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.DE. | Clino-suenoite | □{Mn2+2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.05 | Cummingtonite | ☐{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.05 | Clino-holmquistite Root Name | ☐{Li2}{Z2+3Z3+2}(Si8O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.05 | Grunerite | ☐{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.05 | Permanganogrunerite | ☐{Mn2+2}{Mn2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.05 | Ferri-fluoro-leakeite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg2Fe3+2Li}(Si8O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.10 | Actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.10 | Ferri-tschermakite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.10 | Ferro-actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.10 | Ferro-hornblende | ☐{Ca2}{Fe2+4Al}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.10 | Ferro-tschermakite | ☐{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.10 | Joesmithite | {Pb}{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Be2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.10 | Magnesio-hornblende | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.10 | Tremolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.10 | Tschermakite | ☐(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.10 | Cannilloite | Ca(Ca2)(Mg4Al)(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.10 | Fluoro-cannilloite | {Ca}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al3Si5O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.10 | Parvo-manganotremolite | ☐{CaMn2+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.10 | Fluoro-tremolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Ferro-edenite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Ferro-kaersutite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+3AlTi}(Al2Si6O22)O2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Ferro-pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Hastingsite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+4Fe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Kaersutite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3AlTi}(Al2Si6O22)O2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Magnesio-hastingsite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Si5Al3O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Fluoro-edenite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-ferri-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-pargasite | {K}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.15 | Magnesio-fluoro-hastingsite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Al2Si6O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-fluoro-hastingsite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+4Fe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-chloro-hastingsite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+4Fe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(Cl,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Fluoro-pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Parvo-mangano-edenite | {Na}{CaMn2+}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-chloro-pargasite | {K}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(Cl,OH)2 | |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-chloro-edenite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(AlSi7O22)(Cl,OH)2 | |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-magnesio-hastingsite | {K}{Ca2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-pargasite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Chromio-pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Cr3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Potassic-fluoro-pargasite | {K}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Ferri-kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Al2Si6O22)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.15 | Vanadio-pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4V)(Al2Si6)O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Barroisite | ☐{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-barroisite | ☐(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-winchite | ☐[CaNa][Fe2+4(Fe3+,Al)]Si8O22(OH)2 | |
9.DE.20 | Ferri-barroisite | ☐(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-katophorite | Na(NaCa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-barroisite | ☐{CaNa}{Fe2+3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-richterite | {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-winchite | ☐{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.20 | Ferro-katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 | |
9.DE.20 | Ferri-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.20 | Ferri-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.20 | Magnesiotaramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3AlFe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.20 | Richterite | {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Winchite | ☐{CaNa}{Mg4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
9.DE.20 | Taramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Fluoro-richterite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
9.DE.20 | Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Potassic-fluoro-richterite | {K}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.20 | Potassic-richterite | {K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Ferri-ghoseite | ☐[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
9.DE.20 | Ferri-winchite | ☐[CaNa][Mg4(Fe3+,Al)]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Fluoro-taramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.20 | Fluoro-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)F2 | Mon. |
9.DE.20 | Ferri-fluoro-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Eckermannite | NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-eckermannite | NaNa2(Fe2+4Al)Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Mangano-ferri-eckermannite | {Na}{Na2}{Mn2+4Fe3+}Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Ferri-leakeite | [Na][Na2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Mangano-mangani-ungarettiite | NaNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)(Si8O22)O2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-nybøite | NaNa2[(Fe2+3,Mg)Fe3+2](AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite | ◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Ferri-nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+2](AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-leakeite | [Na][Na2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeite | Na(Na2)(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)(Si8O22)(F)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistite | Na0.5{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22](F,OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Ferri-pedrizite | [Na][Li2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.DE.25 | Potassic-ferri-leakeite | [K][Na2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Fluoro-nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(AlSi7O22)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Mangani-dellaventuraite | {Na}{Na2}{MgMn3+2LiTi4+}Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Fluoro-pedrizite | NaLi2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Potassic-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Mangani-obertiite | Na(Na2)(Mg3Mn3+Ti)(Si8O22)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] | |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-pedrizite | [Na][Li2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite | [K][Na2][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Pedrizite | NaLi2(LiMg2Al2)(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-pedrizite | NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-fluoro-pedrizite | {Na}{Li2}{Fe2Al2Li}(Al2Si6O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Fluoro-leakeite | NaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-obertiite | NaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.DE.25 | Ferri-obertiite | Na(Na2)(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si8O22)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
66.1.3a.1 | Tremolite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
66.1.3a.4 | Alumino-magnesio-hornblende | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | |
66.1.3a.6 | Aluminotschermakite | ☐{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
66.1.3a.12 | Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
66.1.3a.16 | Magnesiosadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
66.1.3a.18 | Kaersutite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3AlTi}(Al2Si6O22)O2 | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
16.11.1 | Madisonite | Ca2Mg2Al2Si3O13 or near | |
16.11.3 | Alumino-magnesio-hornblende | ☐{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | |
16.11.4 | Tschermakite | ☐(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
16.11.5 | Clintonite | Ca(Mg,Al)3(Al3SiO10)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
16.11.6 | Juanite | Ca10Mg4Al2Si11O39 · 4H2O or near | |
16.11.7 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O | Mon. |
16.11.8 | Tacharanite | Ca12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36 | Mon. |
16.11.9 | Aluminobarroisite | ☐{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
16.11.10 | Taramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
16.11.13 | Pargasite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg4Al}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
16.11.14 | Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
16.11.15 | Beidellite | (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O | Mon. |
16.11.15 | Magnesiosadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
16.11.16 | Sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Si5Al3O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Edenite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Mandarino, J.A. (1998) The Second List of Additions and Corrections to the Glossary of Mineral Species (1995). The Amphibole Group. Mineralogical Record: 29: 169-174.
Hawthorne, F.C., Oberti, R. (2006) On the classification of amphiboles. The Canadian Mineralogist: 44: 1-21.
Ishida, K., Hawthorne, F.C. (2006) Assignment of infrared OH-stretching bands in calcic amphiboles through deuteration and heat treatment. American Mineralogist: 91: 871-879.
Hawthorne, F.C., Oberti, R., Harlow, G.E., Maresch, W.V., Martin, R.F., Schumacher, J.C., Welch, M.D. (2012) Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup. American Mineralogist: 97: 2031-2048.
Internet Links for Edenite
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https://www.mindat.org/min-1351.html
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Localities for Edenite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | AmMin 36:361-367 |
Australia | |
| Everard, J.L., Sutherland, F.L. and Zwingmann, H., 2004a. A Cretaceous phonolite dyke from the Tomahawk River, Northeast Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 138, 11-33. |
| Taheri, J., and Bottrill, R. S., 1998, Porphyry and Sedimentary-hosted Gold Deposits near Cygnet: New Styles of Gold Mineralisation in Tasmania: Unpub Rept, Mineral Resources Tasmania. 1999/01 |
| Melluso, L., Hergt, J. M., & Zanetti, A. (2014). The late crystallization stages of low-Ti, low-Fe tholeiitic magmas: insights from evolved Antarctic and Tasmanian rocks. Lithos, 188, 72-83. |
| Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania; Råheim, A., 1976, Petrology of eclogites and surrounding schists from the Lyell highway—Collingwood river area. Journal Of The Geological Society Of Australia Vol. 23 (3) p. 313-327 |
| Thebaud, N., Barnes, S., Fiorentini, M., Komatiites of the Wildara Leonora Belt Yilgarn Craton Western Australia- the missing link in the Kalgoorlie Terrane, Centre for Exploration Targeting (U.W.A.), CSIRO, (date?) |
Austria | |
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| Schantl (1975) |
Belarus | |
| Levitskiy, V. I., Solodilova, V. V., Zavadich, N. S., Pavlova, L. A., & Levitskiy, I. V. (2018, July). Genetic Nature of Mineralization with Native and Intermetallic Compounds in the Bobruisk Ring Structure (Republic of Belarus). In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 481, No. 1, pp. 857-861). Pleiades Publishing. |
Brazil | |
| Souza Neto, J.A., Legrand, J.M., Volfinger, M., Pascal, M.-L., and Sonnet, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 185-205. |
Bulgaria | |
| Arnaudov, V., Petrusenko, S., Stancheva, E., Tadzher, L. (1998): Vanadian pargasite and other vanadium-bearing amphiboles from the Central Rhodope metamorphic complex. Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya 35, 69-78 (in Bulgarian). |
Cameroon | |
| Tetsopgang, S., Koyanagi, J., Enami, M., and Kihara, K. (2003): Mineralogical Magazine 67(3), 509-516. |
Canada | |
| Thomas Mumford (2007) Dykes of the Moose Creek Valley, Ice River Alkaline Complex, southeastern BC. MSc thesis University of New Brunswick. |
| Doucette, C., Pe-Piper, G. (1997) Digitial mapping of the Wentworth plutonic complex, Cobequid Highlans, Nova Scotia, and petrology of its felsic phases. 1997 AGS Abstracts, Atlantic Geology: 33(1): 56. |
| www.venuewest.com/8IKC/s1post.htm. |
| collected at location & identified by other mindat members. |
Tony Nikischer | |
Harvard Museum specimen no. 119146 | |
| No reference listed |
| Laarman,J.E. 2014. A DETAILED METALLOGENIC STUDY OF THE MCFAULDS LAKE CHROMITE DEPOSITS, NORTHERN ONTARIO , PhD Thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada |
| Neil T. Pettigrew, K´eiko H. Hattori (2006) The Quetico Intrusions of Western Superior Province: Neo-Archean examples of Alaskan/Ural-type mafic–ultramafic intrusions. Precambrian Research 149:21–42 |
| RRUFF Project Specimen ID: R060029 |
| Currie (1980) |
| Olivier Langelier Collection |
| Can Min 32:843-854(1994) |
China | |
| Franz, L., Romer, R.L., Klemd, R., Schmid, R., Oberhänsli, R., Wagner, T., and Dong Shuwen (2001): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 141, 322-346. |
| Deru Xu, Bin Xia, Bakun-Czubarow, N., Chi Ma, Pengchun Li, Bachlinski, R., and Guanghao Chen (2006): Acta Petrologica Sinica 22(12), 2987-3006 |
| Ratschbacher, L., Franz, L., Enkelmann, E., Jonckheere, R., Pörschke, A., Hacker, B.R., Dong, S., and Zhang, Y. (2006), In: Hacker, B.R., McClelland, W.C., and Liou, J.G. (eds.): Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism: Deep continental subduction. Geological Society of America Special Paper 403, 45–75. |
| Rong Yan and Jianjun Yang (2013): Acta Petrologica Sinica 29(5), 1621-1633 |
| Am. Min. , V 88, pp. 180-188, 2003. |
| Yaohui Jiang, Hongfei Ling, Shaoyong Jiang, Honghai Fan, Weizhou Shen, and Pei Ni (2005): Journal of Petrology 46(6), 1-34. |
| Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003): Mineral Deposits 22(4), 345-359 |
Cuba | |
| García-Casco, A., Pérez de Arce, C., Millán, G., Iturralde-Vinent, M., Fonseca, E., Torres-Roldán, R., ... & Moraza, D. (2003). Metabasites from the northern serpentinite belt (Cuba) and a metamorphic perspective of the plate tectonic models for the Caribbean region. Memorias Geomin, 29-37. |
Czech Republic | |
| Černý, P.: Nerosty amfibolitů na Klatovsku. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1986, roč. 31, č. 4, s. 435. |
| Drábek;, M., Frýda J., Šarbach M., Skála, R. (2017): Hydroxycalciopyrochlore from a regionally metamorphic marble at Bližná, Southwestern Czech Republic. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 194, 49-59. |
| Houzar, S., Litochleb, J., Sejkora, J., Cempirek, J., & Cicha, J. (2008). Unusual mineralization with niobian titanite and Bi-tellurides in scheelite skarn from Kamenné doly quarry near Písek, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. Journal of Geosciences, 53(1), 1-16. |
| Houzar, S. & Novák, M. (2006): Clintonite-bearing assemblages in chondrodite marbles from the contact aureole of the Trebic Pluton, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 51, 249-258. [http://www.jgeosci.org/content/JCGS2006_3-4__houzar.pdf] |
Egypt | |
| Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. |
Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. | |
Finland | |
| S. Blais and B. Auvray, Bull. Minéralo. , 1987, 110, pp. 73-92. |
| S. Blais and B. Auvray, Bull. Minéralo. , 1987, 110, pp. 73-92. |
| Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313 |
| Vuollo, J. I. 1988. Kolin kerrosjuonten petrologia-Kaunisniemen profiili. Pohjois-Karjalan malmiprojekti, Oulun Yliopisto, raportti 16, 122 s. |
| http://www.geologinenseura.fi/bulletin/Volume69/sgs_bt_069_pages_005_030.pdf |
France | |
| Gourgaud A. (1985) Mélanges de magmas dans les séries alcalines et calco-alcalines : leur role dans la genèse des laves intermédiaires et leur influences sur les mécanismes éruptifs. PhD thesis, Clermont-Ferrand, 522 pp. |
| Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 683-696. |
| Legendre C., Maury R.C., Caroff M., Guillou H., Cotten J., Chauvel C., Bollinger C., Hémond C., Guille G., Blais S., Rossi P., Savanier D. (2005): Origin of exceptionally abundant phonolites on Ua Pou island (Marquesas, French Polynesia): Partial melting of basanites followed by crustal contamination. Journal of Petrology, 46, (9), 1925-1962. |
| Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159. |
| B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396. |
| Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 879-891. |
Germany | |
| Habel, M. (2011): Neufunde aus dem östlichen Bayerischen Wald (VIII). Mineralien Welt. 22 (1),80-87 |
| Schäfer, Ch. (2016): Einige bemerkenswerte Funde vom Bellerberg-Vulkan bei Mayen, Der Aufschluß, Vol. 67 (1) , pp. 5-15 |
Iraq | |
| Mohammad, Y.O., Maekawa, H., Lawa, F.A. (2007): Mineralogy and origin of Mlakawa albitite from Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq. Geosphere: 3(6): 624-645 |
Italy | |
| Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, (10), 1-54. | |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
Japan | |
| Ishizuka (1980) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 75, 372-377. |
| Jan Bernard and Jaroslav Hyrsl (2004) Minerals and their Localities. (Granit s.r.o., Prague) |
Madagascar | |
| Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270. |
| Nédélec, A. & Grujic, D. (2001) Un nouvel exemple de magmatisme potassique à ultrapotassique: les syénites de l’Andringitra (Madagascar). Earth and Planetary Sciences, 332:739–74 |
| A.Lacroix (1941): Les gisement de phlogopite de Madagascar et les pyroxenites qui les renferment, Tananarive |
Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270. | |
Lefevre, M. & Thomas, L. (1998): Les pegmatites de la vallée de la Sahatany, Madagascar. Le Règne Minéral no 19, 15-28 | |
| Lefevre, M. & Thomas, L. (1998): Les pegmatites de la vallée de la Sahatany, Madagascar. Le Règne Minéral no 19, 15-28 |
| Cheilletz A. et al. (2001): OS06 : TUpm30 : G5 : Emerald Deposits in Madagascar: Two Differents Types for one Mineralising Event:EUG XI.Symposium OS06 Mineralogy, Ore Geology and Mineral Resources. |
Cheilletz, A. et al. (2001): OS06 : TUpm30 : G5 : Emerald Deposits in Madagascar: Two Differents Types for one Mineralising Event:EUG XI.Symposium OS06 Mineralogy, Ore Geology and Mineral Resources. | |
Cheilletz A. et al. (2001): OS06 : TUpm30 : G5 : Emerald Deposits in Madagascar: Two Differents Types for one Mineralising Event:EUG XI.Symposium OS06 Mineralogy, Ore Geology and Mineral Resources. | |
Cheilletz, A. et al. (2001): OS06 : TUpm30 : G5 : Emerald Deposits in Madagascar: Two Differents Types for one Mineralising Event:EUG XI.Symposium OS06 Mineralogy, Ore Geology and Mineral Resources. | |
Myanmar | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok.; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Sieghard Ellenberger material |
New Zealand | |
| Martin Stolworthy Collection |
| Collection of RJ Martin correlated to examples in related Taupo rhyolites |
Collection of RJ Martin | |
| Graham, I.T., Colchester, D.M., Harris, S., Lay, A., Burkett, D., Thornton, J. (2018) Aluminoceladonite pseudomorphs after euhedral nepheline from Pudding Island, near Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 19:2, 21-25. |
| Mossman, D.J., Coombs, D.S., Kawachi, Y., Reay, A. (2000) High-Mg Arc-Ankaramitic Dikes Greenhills Complex Southland New Zealand, The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 38, 191-216. |
Mossman, D.J., Coombs, D.S., Kawachi, Y., Reay, A. (2000) High-Mg Arc-Ankaramitic Dykes, Greenhills Complex, Southland, New Zealand. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 38, 191-216. | |
Norway | |
| Bøe, P. (2001): Geologi og mineralogi på Sørøya i Finnmark. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 18, 23-29 |
| Michalsen, A. (2010): Minerallokaliteter på Sørøya, Vest-Finnmark- den grønne øya i nord. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift.43, 41-52 |
| Taagvold, H. (2015): Verket kromgruve i Sunndal kommune, Møre og Romsdal. Stein. 42 (1), 4-6. |
| Kullerud, K. (1996). Chlorine-rich amphiboles: interplay between amphibole composition and an evolving fluid. European Journal of Mineralogy 8, 355-370 |
| Larsen, A.O., Kolitsch, U., Gault, R.A. & Giester, G. (2010): Eirikite a new mineral species of the leifite group from the Langesundsfjord district, Norway. European Journal of Mineralogy. 22, 875–880 |
| Larsen,A.O.(1998): "Revisjon av nomenklatur for de sorte amfibolene fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter". Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14,9 (in norwegian) |
Philippines | |
| Fournelle, J., Carmody, R., & Daag, A. S. (1996). Anhydrite-bearing pumices from the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo: geochemistry, mineralogy, and petrology. Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, 845-862. |
Poland | |
| Marszałek M. & Czerny J. 2009: Amphibole phenocrysts and their alteration in rhyodacitic porphyries from Zalas near Kraków. Mineralogia - Special Papers, vol. 34, p.18 |
| Wajsprych, B., & Achramowicz, S. (2003). On the new wildflysch-to-flysch, blueschist-rich Lower Visean succession of the Western Sudetes (SW Poland). In Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae (Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 123-137). |
Russia | |
| Barkov, A. Y., Tolstykh, N. D., Shvedov, G. I., & Martin, R. F. (2018). Ophiolite-related associations of platinum-group minerals at Rudnaya, western Sayans, and Miass, southern Urals, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-32. |
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow | |
| Zhmodik, S. M., Nesterenko, G. V., Airiyants, E. V., Belyanin, D. K., Kolpakov, V. V., Podlipsky, M. Y., & Karmanov, N. S. (2016). Alluvial platinum-group minerals as indicators of primary PGE mineralization (placers of southern Siberia). Russian Geology and Geophysics, 57(10), 1437-1464. |
| Barkov, A.Y. and Fleet, M.E. (2004) An unusual association of hydrothermal platinum-group minerals from the Imandra layered complex, Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 455-467. |
| Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731. |
Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731. | |
Mikhailova, J. A., Kalashnikov, A. O., Sokharev, V. A., Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Konopleva, N. G., Yakovenchuk, V. N., ... & Ivanyuk, G. Y. (2016). 3D mineralogical mapping of the Kovdor phoscorite–carbonatite complex (Russia). Mineralium Deposita, 51(1), 131-149. | |
| [World of Stones 12:49] |
| Zap. Vseross. Mineral. Obshch., 132(2) pp. 49-59 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | |
Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159. | |
Saint Lucia | |
Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159. | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | |
Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159. | |
Slovakia | |
| - Uher P., Kováčik M., Kubiš M., Shtukenberg A., Ozdín D., 2008: Metamorphic vanadian-chromian silicate mineralization in carbon-rich amphibole schists from the Malé Karpaty Mountains, Western Carpathians, Slovakia. American Mineralogist, 93, 1, 63-73. |
| Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p |
Slovenia | |
Dobnikar, M., Fioretti, A.M., Bellieni, G. and Dolenec, T. (2002): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2002, A188 | |
South Korea | |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
Spain | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 961-970. |
| Calvo, M. (2018). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol IX. Silicatos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. 767 págs. |
| H.U. Schmincke and M. Sumita : "Tephra Event Stratigraphy and Emplacement of Volcanoclastic Sediments, Mogan and Fataga Stratigraphic Intervals, Part II : Origin and Emplacement of Volcanoclastic Layers", LEG 157—SCIENTIFIC RESULTS (ISSN: 1096-7451), Gran Canaria and Madeira Abyssal Plain, Sites 950-956, http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/157_SR/Abstract/15.HTM |
| B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396. |
Sri Lanka | |
| GRAZIANI, G.; MARTARELLI, L.; ZOYSA, G.E. (2002): The peculiarity of olivine from Sri Lanka. - Z. Dtsch. Gemm. Ges. 51 (1), 29-39. Trade Name; Dunilite. Canadian Gemmologist, Vol.21, No.3, PP. 84-90. |
Sweden | |
| IMA 18th General Meeting, Programme with Abstracts, 266 |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 263. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 148. |
| http://www.mineralien-ch.ch/fundorte_ur.html |
UK | |
| BMS Database |
| Ferry, J.M. (1996) Three novel isograds in metamorphosed siliceous dolomites from the Ballachulish aureole, Scotland. American Mineralogist, 81(3-4), 485-496. |
USA | |
| Nye, Thomas Spencer (1968) The Relationship of Structure and Alteration to Some Ore Bodies in the Bisbee (Warren) District, Cochise County, Arizona. University of Arizona, Ph.D Thesi |
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 211; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436. | |
| Howard, 1987. Mineral Species of Arkansas, addenda |
| |
| Andrew Lawson Univ. California, Dep. Geol. Bull. 3 (1903)219-229 |
| Lawson, Andrew Cowper (1903), Plumasite, an oligoclase corundum rock, near Spanish Peak, California: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 3: 219, 225; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 401. |
| Armbrustmacher, T. J. (1988) Geology and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Wet Mountains area, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado. USGS Professional Paper: 1049-F |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V 1, p.113 |
| Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson |
| Van King; Palache, C. (1935): The Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 180, 135pp |
Rocks & Min.: 21:760-761. | |
Betancourt, P.P. (The Picking Table, Vol. 27(2):2-10. | |
| FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) (circa), List of Mineral Species Found on the Franklin Mill Site, Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Society (unpublished). |
| Palache(1935):72. |
Dunn(1995):Pt3:454. | |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:416, 576-577. |
| |
| Zodac, P. (1946b), Rocks & Min.: 21:416-417. |
| USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| GSA Abstracts with Programs 35(6):231 (2003) |
| George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483. |
| American Mineralogist, 63, pp. 1023-1052 (1978) |
| Van King |
George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483. | |
Van King | |
| Rocks & Min.: 15: 162-164.; Rocks & Minerals 82:472-483 |
| Marian Lupulescu analyses, New York State Museum |
http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003NE/finalprogram/abstract_51113.htm | |
| Oberti, R., Cámara, F., Della Ventura, G., Iezzi, G., Benimoff, A.I.: American Mineralogist 91, 526-532 (2006) |
| Hadley,Jarvis B.,(1945) Preliminary Report On Corundum Deposits In The Buck Creek Peridotite, Clay County, North Carolina:U.s Department of the Interior, Bulletion 948-E |
Michael Streeter,2003,A Rockhounding Guide to North Carolinas Blue Ridge Mountains; GEORGIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume 56 1998 Number 1 | |
Nathan Clay Collins (2011) Geochemical systematics Among Amphibolitic Rocks in the Central Blue Ridge Province of southwestern North Carolina:University of South Florida | |
| www.southeasterngeology.org/ Warner 47-3.pdf |
| Collins,Nathan Clay(2011) Geochemical Systematics among amphibolitic Rocks in the Central Blue Ridge Province of southwestern North Carolina:University of South Florida |
| Page,F.Zeb,Essene,E.J and Mukasa,S.B (2004) Quartz Exsolution In Clinopyroxene Is Not Proof Of Ultra-High Pressures:Evidence From Phase Equilibria And Eclogite From The Eastern Blue Ridge,Southern Applachians,USA |
Page,F. Zeb,Essene,E.J and Mukasa.S.B (2004) Quartz Exsolution In Clinopyroxene Is Not Proof Of Ultra-High Pressures:Evidence From Phase Equilibria And Eclogite From The Eastern Blue Ridge ,Southern Appalachians,USA | |
| Prince,Phillip S.,(2004) Geochemistry ,Petrography ,and Mineral Chemistry of Amphibolites From The Inner Piedmont of Northwestern South Carolina |
Prince,Phillip S.,(2004) Geochemistry ,Petrography ,and Mineral Chemistry of Amphibolites From The Inner Piedmont of Northwestern South Carolina | |
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| Eby, G. N. and McHone, J. G. (1997) Plutonic and hypabyssal intrusions of the Early CretaceousCuttingsville Complex, Vermont. |
| American Mineralogist 76:218-229, (1991). |
| Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.45,84 |
Vietnam | |
| Pham Van Long, Gaston Giuliani, Virginie Garnier, Daniel Ohnenstetter (2004) Gemstones in Vietnam. The Australian Gemmologist Volume 22, Number 4, October–December 2004 |
Pham Van Long, Gaston Giuliani, Virginie Garnier, Daniel Ohnenstetter (2004) Gemstones in Vietnam. The Australian Gemmologist Volume 22, Number 4, October–December 2004 | |
Pham Van Long, Gaston Giuliani, Virginie Garnier, Daniel Ohnenstetter (2004) Gemstones in Vietnam. The Australian Gemmologist Volume 22, Number 4, October–December 2004 | |
Pham Van Long, Gaston Giuliani, Virginie Garnier, Daniel Ohnenstetter (2004) Gemstones in Vietnam. The Australian Gemmologist Volume 22, Number 4, October–December 2004 | |
Pham Van Long, Gaston Giuliani, Virginie Garnier, Daniel Ohnenstetter (2004) Gemstones in Vietnam. The Australian Gemmologist Volume 22, Number 4, October–December 2004 | |
Pham Van Long, Gaston Giuliani, Virginie Garnier, Daniel Ohnenstetter (2004) Gemstones in Vietnam. The Australian Gemmologist Volume 22, Number 4, October–December 2004 |
Wilberforce area, Haliburton Co., Ontario, Canada