Electrum
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About Electrum
Formula:
(Au,Ag)
Colour:
Pale yellow
Lustre:
Metallic
Name:
From the Greek ήλεκτρου (ílektroy) for "amber," in allusion to its colour.
A variety of Gold
Gold-Silver Series.
A variety of gold containing silver, usually with >20 wt.% of silver.
Gold-Silver Series.
A variety of gold containing silver, usually with >20 wt.% of silver.
Classification of Electrum
1.AA.05
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
A : Copper-cupalite family
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
A : Copper-cupalite family
Physical Properties of Electrum
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Pale yellow
Comment:
As the Silver content increases, the colour pales
Streak:
pale yellow
Tenacity:
Malleable
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Hackly
Chemical Properties of Electrum
Formula:
(Au,Ag)
Elements listed:
Synonyms of Electrum
Other Language Names for Electrum
Varieties of Electrum
Argentocuproaurite | Two grains found of essentially cuprian electrum |
Argentocuproaurite-I | A grain from Noril'sk. |
Argentocuproaurite-II | A grain of cuprian electrum from Talnakh deposit, Russia. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
19 photos of Electrum associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
8 photos of Electrum associated with Gold | Au |
7 photos of Electrum associated with Silver | Ag |
6 photos of Electrum associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
5 photos of Electrum associated with Uytenbogaardtite | Ag3AuS2 |
5 photos of Electrum associated with Acanthite | Ag2S |
4 photos of Electrum associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
3 photos of Electrum associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
3 photos of Electrum associated with Aguilarite | Ag4SeS |
3 photos of Electrum associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
1.AA.05 | Aluminium | Al | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
1.AA.05 | Copper | Cu | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
1.AA.05 | Gold | Au | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
1.AA.05 | Lead | Pb | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
1.AA.05 | Nickel | Ni | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
1.AA.05 | Silver | Ag | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
1.AA.05 | UM2004-08-E:AuCuPd | Cu2PdAu | |
1.AA.05 | UM1991-06-E:AuCu | Au3Cu | |
1.AA.10a | Auricupride | Cu3Au | Orth. |
1.AA.10b | Tetra-auricupride | AuCu | Tet. |
1.AA.10a | Cuproauride | Cu3Au | |
1.AA.15 | Anyuiite | AuPb2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mcm |
1.AA.15 | Khatyrkite | (Cu,Zn)Al2 | Tet. |
1.AA.15 | Iodine | I2 | |
1.AA.15 | Novodneprite | AuPb3 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
1.AA.15 | UM1985-02-E:AlZn | (Zn,Cu)Al2 | |
1.AA.20 | Cupalite | (Cu,Zn)Al | Orth. |
1.AA.25 | Hunchunite | Au2Pb | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
Fluorescence of Electrum
none
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Electrum
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Pliny (77A.D.) 33: 23.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 89-91.
Internet Links for Electrum
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1365.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Electrum
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Albania | |
| Lips, ALW (2006) A review of non-ferrous mineral deposits in Europe - Finalised initial database BRGM/RP -54957 - FR |
Algeria | |
| Aouli Essaid, Belov S.V (2015) Structural and Mineralogical Features of the Amesmessa Mineral Deposit in the Algerian Sahara. XII International Conference «New Ideas in Earth Sciences»pp 97-98 |
Argentina | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372. |
| Soechting, W. et al. (2008): Economic Geology 103, 865-869.; FERNANDEZ, Raúl R. et al. Gold and silver deposits related to Jurassic Patagonian volcanism: review and perspectives for exploration. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2008, vol.63, n.4, pp. 665-681. |
| Brodtkorb (2002): Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina; DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372. |
Topa, D., Makovicky, E., Paar, W., Brodtkorb, M. (2004): The crystal structure of Angelaite, Cu2AgPbBiS4, a new mineral species from Angela mine, Province of Chubut, Argentina. 32nd IGC - Florence, 2004.; BRODTKORB, M.K. de y PAAR, W.. Angelaite in the paragenesis of Los Manantiales district, Chubut, Argentina: a new mineral species. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2004, vol.59, n.4, pp. 787-78; Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. | |
| Skirrow, R., Camacho, A., Lyons, P., Pieters, P. E., Sims, J. P., Stuart-Smith, P. G., & Miró, R. (2000). Metallogeny of the southern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina: geological, 40 Ar– 39 Ar dating and stable isotope evidence for Devonian Au, Ag–Pb–Zn and W ore formation. Ore Geology Reviews, 17(1), 39-81. |
| Ore Geology Reviews 32 (2007) 275-290. |
| FERNANDEZ, Raúl R. et al. Gold and silver deposits related to Jurassic Patagonian volcanism: review and perspectives for exploration. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2008, vol.63, n.4, pp. 665-681. |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372. |
| William R. Gilmour, P, Thomas H. Carpenter (2017) Technical Report on the Huachi Property San Juan Province, Argentina |
| Brodtkorb (2002): Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina; DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372. |
| Nilda E. Urbina & P. Sruoga (2008) Diente Verde and Mario, Cañada Honda, San Luis, Argentina: porphyry-type deposits in the South Pampean flat-slab region of the Central Andes. 7th International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics (ISAG 2008, Nice), Extended Abstracts: 558-561 |
Gallard-Esquivel, M. C., Cepedal, A., Fuertes-Fuente, M., & Martin-Izard, A. (2018) Enrichment in critical metals (In-Ge) and Te-Se in epithermal deposits of the ‘La Carolina’district, San Luis, Argentina. Mineralogical Magazine, 82(S1), S61-S87. | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1997 61 : 861-877; FERRACUTTI, G.; BJERG, E. and MOGESSIE, A.. Precious and base metals in Las Águilas, Sierra de San Luis: Mineralogy, genesis and evolution. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2007, vol.62, n.3, pp. 434-446. |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); FERNANDEZ, Raúl R. et al. Gold and silver deposits related to Jurassic Patagonian volcanism: review and perspectives for exploration. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2008, vol.63, n.4, pp. 665-681.; Moreira, P., & Fernández, R. R. (2015). La Josefina Au–Ag deposit (Patagonia, Argentina): A Jurassic epithermal deposit formed in a hot spring environment. Ore Geology Reviews, 67, 297-313. |
Brodtkorb (2002): Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina | |
| P&E Mining Consultants Inc. (2007) TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE SAN JOSÉ SILVER-GOLD MINE SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINA |
| DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372. |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); FERNANDEZ, Raúl R. et al. Gold and silver deposits related to Jurassic Patagonian volcanism: review and perspectives for exploration. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2008, vol.63, n.4, pp. 665-681. |
www.argentinamining.com/site/nota.asp?NO=EN_Proyectos_en_Argentina.htm&lang=en; Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); FERNANDEZ, Raúl R. et al. Gold and silver deposits related to Jurassic Patagonian volcanism: review and perspectives for exploration. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2008, vol.63, n.4, pp. 665-681. | |
Marquez-Zavalia, M.F., et al., Mineral & Petrology 94,145-150(2008); FERNANDEZ, Raúl R. et al. Gold and silver deposits related to Jurassic Patagonian volcanism: review and perspectives for exploration. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2008, vol.63, n.4, pp. 665-681. | |
Armenia | |
| Mederer, J., Moritz, R., Zohrabyan, S., Vardanyan, A., Melkonyan, R., & Ulianov, A. (2014). Base and precious metal mineralization in Middle Jurassic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus: A review of geology and metallogeny and new data from the Kapan, Alaverdi and Mehmana districts. Ore Geology Reviews, 58, 185-207. |
Mederer, J., Moritz, R., Zohrabyan, S., Vardanyan, A., Melkonyan, R., & Ulianov, A. (2014). Base and precious metal mineralization in Middle Jurassic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus: A review of geology and metallogeny and new data from the Kapan, Alaverdi and Mehmana districts. Ore Geology Reviews, 58, 185-207. | |
Mederer, J., Moritz, R., Zohrabyan, S., Vardanyan, A., Melkonyan, R., & Ulianov, A. (2014). Base and precious metal mineralization in Middle Jurassic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus: A review of geology and metallogeny and new data from the Kapan, Alaverdi and Mehmana districts. Ore Geology Reviews, 58, 185-207. | |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Firstova, A., Stepanova, T., Cherkashov, G., Goncharov, A., & Babaeva, S. (2016). Composition and formation of gabbro-peridotite hosted seafloor massive sulfide deposits from the Ashadze-1 hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Minerals, 6(1), 19. |
| Firstova, A., Stepanova, T., Sukhanova, A., Cherkashov, G., & Poroshina, I. (2019). Au and Te Minerals in Seafloor Massive Sulphides from Semyenov-2 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Minerals, 9(5), 294. |
Australia | |
| Stevens, B.P.J. (1972) Mine Data Sheets to accompany Metallogenic Map Bathurst 1:250,000 Sheet, Department of Mines, Geological Survey of New South Wales. |
| New South Wales Mine Record (1970) MR02352 Iron Duke Mine (including Cadia Gold Mine), Molong. |
| Stevens, B.P.J. (1972) Mine Data Sheets to accompany Metallogenic Map Bathurst 1:250,000 Sheet, Department of Mines, Geological Survey of New South Wales. |
| Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. |
Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. | |
Bottomer L.R. Epithermal silver-gold mineralization in the Drake area, northeastern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (1986) 33, 457-473; Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. | |
| Warwick–Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales (GS2001/087). |
| Erceg, M., Hooper, B. (undated) The Tritton Copper Mine, New South Wales: New understanding of the deposit and its potential from mining of this blind discovery. |
| McClatchie & Sylvester (1970) |
| Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. |
Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. | |
Bottomer L.R. Epithermal silver-gold mineralization in the Drake area, northeastern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (1986) 33, 457-473; Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. | |
| Bottomer L.R. Epithermal silver-gold mineralization in the Drake area, northeastern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (1986) 33, 457-473 |
Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. | |
Bottomer L.R. Epithermal silver-gold mineralization in the Drake area, northeastern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (1986) 33, 457-473 | |
Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. | |
Warwick – Tweed Heads Exploration Data Package Vol. 2, Mineral occurrence data sheets, occurrence lists and mineral occurrence maps: R.E. Brown, H.F. Henley and W.J. Stroud, December, 2001. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales. | |
| Gilligan, L.B., Byrnes, J.G. (1995) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Cobar Metallogenic Map 1:250 000 (SH/55-14), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 240 pages. |
| Gilligan, L.B., Suppel, D.W. (1993) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Nymagee 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map (SI/55-2). Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 171 pages. |
| Armistead, S.E., Skirrow, R.G., Fraser, G.L., Huston, D.L., Champion, D.C., Norman, M.D. (2017) Gold and Intrusion-related Mo-W mineral systems in the southern Thomson Orogen, New South Wales. Record 2017/05, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 130 pages. |
| Dr A.R. McKinnon |
| McKay, W. J.; Hazeldene, R. K. (1987): Woodlawn zinc-lead-copper sulfide deposit, New South Wales, Australia: An interpretation of ore formation from field observations and metal zoning. Economic Geology 82, 141-164. |
| Gilligan, L.B., Brownlow, J.W., Cameron, R.G., Henley, H.F. (1992) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Dorrigo-Coffs Harbour 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map SH/56-10, SH/56-11. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 509 pages. |
| Gilligan, L.B., Brownlow, J.W., Cameron, R.G., Henley, H.F. (1992) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Dorrigo-Coffs Harbour 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map SH/56-10, SH/56-11. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 509 pages. |
| Leverett, P., McKinnon, A. R., & Williams, P. A. (2005). Supergene geochemistry of the Endeavor ore body, Cobar, NSW, and relationships to other deposits in the Cobar basin. Regolith 2005–Ten Years of CRC LEME, 191-194. |
Gilligan, L.B., Byrnes, J.G. (1995) Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Cobar Metallogenic Map 1:250 000 (SH/55-14), Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney, 240 pages. | |
| Ashley, P.M., Creagh, C.J., Ryan, C.G. (2000) Invisible gold in ore and mineral concentrates from the Hillgrove gold-antimony deposits, NSW, Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 35, 285-301. |
| Robertson, R. A. (2010). The mineralisation and eharacterisation of the Wilsons Creek Au deposit, west of Uralla, NSW, Australia, as an intrusion-related gold deposit. New England Orogen 2010, 291. |
| Teale, G. S., Groves, I. M., & Manly, I. M. (2006). Mineralisation in the Potosi Extended to Flying Doctor area, Northern Leases, Broken Hill. Geoscience Australia Record, 21, 182-185. |
| Hein, K. A. A. (1994). The structure and geochemistry of gold mineralisation in the Mt. Todd goldfield, Pine Creek Inlier, Northern Territory (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania). |
| http://www.ga.gov.au/metadata-gateway/metadata/record/9165/...and Carville et all, Coronation Hill Gold-Platinum-Palladium Depoists, Geology of Mineral Deposits of Australia and PNG (1990) AustIMM mono 14 vol 1 pp 759-762. ; Cuzens, H. (2010) The Genesis and Spatial Distribution of Platinum-Group Elements in the Coronation Hill Deposit, Northern Territory, Australia. University of Western Australia. |
| Sahlström, F., Corral Calleja, I., Chang, Z., Arribas, A., Dirks, P.H.G.M., Stokes, M., Pocock, M., Hewitt, D., and Obiri-Yeboah, M. (2016) Hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation at the Mt Carlton high-sulphidation Au-Ag-Cu epithermal deposit (NE Queensland, Australia). In: Goldschmid Conference Abstracts, p. 2688. From: Goldschmidt conference 2016, 26 June-1 July, Yokohama, Japan. ; Sahlström, F., Arribas, A., Dirks, P., Corral, I., & Chang, Z. (2017). Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide. Minerals, 7(11), 213. |
| Wormald, Peter John (1993) Geology of the Mt. Leyshon gold deposit, Australia: a study of breccia pipe formation, facies and brecciation mechanisms. PhD thesis, James Cook University of North Queensland. |
| Mark, G., Oliver, N.H.S., and Williams, P.J. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 40, 769-801.; Exploration and Mining Geology; July-October 2007; v. 16; no. 3-4; p. 125-143 |
Raymond, O. L. (1992). Mt Isa Inlier and environs mineral deposit database version 1.0. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Record, 66. | |
Williams et al 2015 | |
| Graham-Ruzicka, J.L. (2014) Gold-bismuth occurrences in the Kennedy igneous province, North Queensland: constraints on tectonic, magmatic and hydrothermal processes in intrusion-related gold deposits. PhD thesis, James Cook University, Queensland. |
Updated list originally distributed by University of Queensland | |
| |
| Griffin, W. L., Ashley, P. M., Ryan, C. G., Sie, S. H., & Suter, G. F. (1991). Pyrite geochemistry in the North Arm epithermal Ag-Au deposit, Queensland, Australia; a proton-microprobe study. The Canadian Mineralogist, 29(2), 185-198. |
| Clark, J. M. (2014). Defining the style of mineralisation at the Cairn Hill magnetite-sulphide deposit; Mount Woods Inlier, Gawler Craton, South Australia (Honors thesis). |
| Griessmann, M. (2011). Gold mineralisation in the Adelaide fold belt. PhD Thesis University of Adelaide. |
Griessmann, M. (2011). Gold mineralisation in the Adelaide fold belt. PhD Thesis University of Adelaide. | |
| G.S. Teale and A.M. Brewer (2003) The South Koolka Fe-Cu-Au skarn, Kalabity area, Curnamona Province in Peljo, M., 2003. Broken Hill Exploration Initiative: Abstracts from the July 2003 conference. Record 2003/013. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. pp184-187 |
http://leme.anu.edu.au/Pubs/Advancesinregolith/Tan.pdf. | |
| Ehrig, K., McPhie, J., Kamenetsky, V. (2012) Geology and mineralogical zonation of the Olympic Dam iron oxide Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia. Economic Geology Special Publication 16, pg. 237-267. |
| Huston, D. L., & Large, R. R. (1988). Distribution, mineralogy, and geochemistry of gold and silver in the north end orebody, Rosebery, Tasmania. Economic Geology, 83(6), 1181-1192.; Brathwaite, R. L. (1969). The geology of the Rosebery ore deposit (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania).; Zaw, K., Large, R. R., & Huston, D. L. (1997). Petrologic and geochemical significance of a Devonian replacement zone in the Cambrian Rosebery massive sulfide deposit, western Tasmania. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35(5), 1325-1349. |
| Zaw, K., & Large, R. R. (1992). The precious metal-rich, South Hercules mineralization, western Tasmania; a possible subsea-floor replacement volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit. Economic Geology, 87(3), 931-952. |
| G.W.Cochrane 1982. Copper,Lead, Zinc and Barium deposits of Victoria, Geological Survey of Victoria, Bulletin No. 61, pp. 110-118 |
| |
| W. D. Birch (1981) Silver Sulphosalts from the Meerschaum Mine, Mt. Wills, Victoria, Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 44:73-78. |
| Kalleske, N. L. (2010). Mineralogical and petrogenetic study of gold ore from the Boddington Gold Deposit, WA (Doctoral dissertation). |
| Info supplied by Old Goldfields Orchard & Cider Factory, Donnybrook (who operate the site as a tourist venture) |
| Ogilvie, A. L. (2014). Textural and LA-ICP-MS trace element chemistry analysis of pyrite and chalcopyrite from Telfer Au-Cu deposit, WA: implications for a multi-source ore system (Honors thesis). |
Steadman, J. A., Large, R. R., Davidson, G. J., Bull, S. W., Thompson, J., Ireland, T. R., & Holden, P. (2014). Paragenesis and composition of ore minerals in the Randalls BIF-hosted gold deposits, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Implications for the timing of deposit formation and constraints on gold sources. Precambrian Research, 243, 110-132. | |
| Witt, W.K., Groves, D.I., Ho, S.E. (ed.) (1994), Ore Deposits of the Eastern Goldfields Western Australia, Excursion Guide 8, 12th Australian Geological Convention, Geological Society of Australia (W.A. Division), September 1994 |
| http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn082 / Spencer, L.J. (1903), Mineralogical Notes on Western Australian Tellurdies, Feb 1903, 13, pp268-290 |
Mueller, Andreas G.; Lawrance, Louisa M.; Muhling, Janet; Pooley, Gregory D. (2012): Mineralogy and PTX relationships of the Archean Hannan South Au-Cu (Co-Bi) deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: thermodynamic constraints on the formation of a zoned intrusion-related skarn. Economic Geology 107, 1-24. | |
| Gray, D.J., Cudahy, T.J. (1996), Pilot Spectral Study of the Mount Percey Gold Deposit Western Australia, AMIRA, Exploration and Mining report 175R, may 1996 & Butt C.R.M. (2003) The Mount Percy Gold Deposit Kalgoorlie Western Australia, CRC LEME 2003 |
Butt, C.R.M. (2003), Mystery Zone Gold Deposit Mt. Percy Kalgoorlie Western Australia, CRC LEME 2003 | |
Butt, C.R.M. (2003), Mt Percy Gold Deposit Area Western Australia, CRC LEME, 2003 / Butt C.R.M. (2003), Mystery Zone Gold Deposit Mt Percy Kalgoorlie Western Australia, CRC LEME, 2003 | |
Butt, C.R.M. (2003), Mt Percy Gold Deposit Area Western Australia, CRC LEME, 2003 / Butt, C.R.M. (2003), Mystery Zone Gold Deposit Mt Percy Kalgoorlie Western Australia, CRC LEME, 2003 | |
I. R. Mulholland, A. Cowden, I. P. Hay, J. C. Ion & A. L. Greenaway (1998): Nimbus silver-zinc deposit. In: Berkman, D.A. & Mackenzie, D.H., eds., Geology of Australian and Papua New Guinean mineral deposits, Monograph 22, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 273-277. | |
| Rice, C.M., Welch, M.D., Still, J.W., Criddle, A.J., Stanley, C.J. (2016), Honeaite a New Gold Thallium- Telluride from the Eastern Goldfields Yilgarn Craton Western Australia, European Journal of Mineralogy, 15 June 2016 |
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El Salvador | |
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Greenland | |
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Guinea | |
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Hungary | |
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| Kupi-Zajzon,Uni.Miskolc,2008 |
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Indonesia | |
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Iran | |
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Ireland | |
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Italy | |
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Ivory Coast | |
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Japan | |
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| Econ Geol (1985) 80:1415-1424 |
Am. Min. 75:434-435 (1990) | |
| Naotatsu Shikazono & Masaaki Shimizu (1988) Electrum: Chemical composition, Mode of occurrence, and Depositional environment. Bull 32 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo |
| Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo; Econ Geol (1985) 80:1415-1424; Tharalson, E.R.; Monecke, T.; Reynolds, T.J.; Zeeck, L.; Pfaff, K.; Kelly, N.M. (2019) The Distribution of Precious Metals in High-Grade Banded Quartz Veins from Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposits: Constraints from µXRF Mapping. Minerals 9, 740. |
Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo | |
| Naotatsu Shikazono & Masaaki Shimizu (1988) Electrum: Chemical composition, Mode of occurrence, and Depositional environment. Bull 32 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo |
| Econ Geol (1985) 80:1415-1424 |
| Shikazono, N. (1985) A comparison of temperatures estimated from the electrum-sphalerite-pyrite-argentite assemblage and filling temperatures of fluid inclusions from epithermal Au-Ag vein-type deposits in Japan. Economic Geology: 80(5): 1415–1424. |
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| Kamitani, M., Okumura, K., Teraoka, Y., Miyano, S., and Watanabe, Y. (2007): Mineral Resources Map of East Asia. Geological Survey of Japan. |
Econ Geol (1985) 80:1415-1424 | |
| Econ Geol (1985) 80:1415-1424; Naotatsu Shikazono & Masaaki Shimizu (1988) Electrum: Chemical composition, Mode of occurrence, and Depositional environment. Bull 32 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo |
Econ Geol (1985) 80:1415-1424; Naotatsu Shikazono & Masaaki Shimizu (1988) Electrum: Chemical composition, Mode of occurrence, and Depositional environment. Bull 32 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo | |
| Alfredo Petrov collection, field trip 9 December 2007 (alluvial below mine); Econ Geol (1985) 80:1415-1424 |
| (unpublished species lists maintained by local collectors; needs confirmation) |
| Shimizu, M., Matsubara, S., Shimizu, M., Kyouno, Y., Harada, A., & Cook, N. J. (2007). High-grade Ag–Cu–Sn–In mineralization in the Nishizawa-Ashio area, Tochigi Prefecture, central Japan. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71(suppl 1). |
| Yuya Izumino, Kazuo Nakashima, Mariko Nagashima (2013) Makovickyite and cupromakovickyite from the Obari mine, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 108, #2 (April 2013), 94-100.; Izumino, Y., Nakashima, K., & Nagashima, M. (2014). Cuprobismutite group minerals (cuprobismutite, hodrušhite, kupčíkite and padĕraite), other Bi–sulfosalts and Bi–tellurides from the Obari mine, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 109(4), 177-190. |
| Econ Geol (1985) 80:1415-1424; Urabe, T. (1977). Partition of cadmium and manganese between coexisting sphalerite and galena from some Japanese epithermal deposits. Mineralium Deposita, 12(3), 319-330. |
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Kazakhstan | |
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| Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing. |
| Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing. |
| Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing.; Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer, Cham. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.; Seltmann, R., & Porter, T. M. (2005). The porphyry Cu–Au/Mo deposits of Central Eurasia: 1. Tectonic, geologic and metallogenic setting and significant deposits. Super porphyry copper and gold deposits: a global perspective, 2, 467-512. |
| Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing. |
Laos | |
| Takayuki Manaka, Khin Zaw, Sebastien Meffre, Paulo M. Vasconcelos, Sue D. Golding (2014): The Ban Houayxai epithermal Au–Ag deposit in the Northern Lao PDR: Mineralization related to the Early Permian arc magmatism of the Truong Son Fold Belt. Gondwana Research, 26, 185-197. |
Madagascar | |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Malaysia | |
| Li, B., Jiang, S. Y., Zou, H. Y., Yang, M., & Lai, J. Q. (2015). Geology and fluid characteristics of the Ulu Sokor gold deposit, Kelantan, Malaysia: Implications for ore genesis and classification of the deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 64, 400-424. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993) Geology, Geochemistry, And Ore Deposits Of The Bau Gold Mining District, Sarawak, Malaysia. PhD Thesis University of Arizona. |
Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993) Geology, Geochemistry, And Ore Deposits Of The Bau Gold Mining District, Sarawak, Malaysia. PhD Thesis University of Arizona. | |
Mali | |
| Masurel, Q., Thébaud, N., Miller, J., Ulrich, S., Roberts, M. P., & Béziat, D. (2017). The Alamoutala Carbonate-Hosted Gold Deposit, Kédougou-Kénieba Inlier, West Africa. Economic Geology, 112(1), 49-72. |
Mauritania | |
| Sakellaris, G.A., Meyer, F.M. (2008) A Metamorphic Origin of the Guelb Moghrein Fe Oxide-Copper-Gold-Cobalt Deposit, Mauritania. http://www.minsoc.ru/2008-1-101-1 |
Kolb, J., Sakellaris, G. A., & Meyer, F. M. (2006). Controls on hydrothermal Fe oxide–Cu–Au–Co mineralization at the Guelb Moghrein deposit, Akjoujt area, Mauritania. Mineralium Deposita, 41(1), 68-81.; Sakellaris, Grigorios Aarne & Meyer, Franz & Kolb, Jochen & Voudouris, Panagiotis. (2009). Implications for exsolution of Bi-Au-Ag-Te minerals from sulf-arsenides during retrograde metamorphism. A case study: Guelb Moghrein, Mauritania. RMS Annual Session 2009, Ontogeny of minerals applied to scientific and industrial uses, At St Petersburg; Kolb, Jochen & Petrov, Nikolay. (2015). The Guelb Moghrein Cu–Au deposit: Neoarchaean hydrothermal sulfide mineralization in carbonate-facies iron formation. Ore Geology Reviews. 78. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.09.003. | |
Mexico | |
| Sotelo, C. M. (2016). Geology and mineralization controls surrounding the Palmarejo mining district-A compilation of remote and hands on exploration techniques. The University of Texas at El Paso. |
Sotelo, C. M. (2016). Geology and mineralization controls surrounding the Palmarejo mining district-A compilation of remote and hands on exploration techniques. The University of Texas at El Paso. | |
Sotelo, C. M. (2016). Geology and mineralization controls surrounding the Palmarejo mining district-A compilation of remote and hands on exploration techniques. The University of Texas at El Paso. | |
| Panczner (1987): 151-343.; Econ Geol (1992) 87:1451-1474 |
| Loucks, R. R., Lemish, J., & Damon, P. E. (1988). Polymetallic epithermal fissure vein mineralization, Topia, Durango, Mexico; Part I, District geology, geochronology, hydrothermal alteration, and vein mineralogy. Economic Geology, 83(8), 1499-1527. |
| Panczner (1987): 79-358. |
| Can Mineral June 1965 v. 8 no. 2 p. 172-184 |
| http://www.almadenminerals.com/DOCUMENTS/Reports/N43-101%20-%20Ixtaca%20PFS%20-%2017May2017.pdf |
| Julio, P. l. P., Gilles, L., Jordi, T., Manuel, G., David, E., Skarn Au-Cu y Vetas Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu Del Distrito De LA Paz SLP: Relaciones Estructurales, Mineralógicas Y Edades U/Pb Del Magmatismo. 27th International Mining Congress |
| Lapis 2001(1), 11-40 |
| Robertson, J., Siepka, A., and Wells, P, 2009, Valdecanas Project-Scoping Study Technical Report. Report prepared for Minera Juanicipio JV, by Wardrop Engineering, August 20, 2009. Available on SEDAR; Peter Megaw |
Mongolia | |
| H. Gantumur, D. Batulzii, Wang Lijuan, Zhu Heping (2005) Tsav: A shoshonite-hosted intermediate sulfidation epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, eastern Mongolia. Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge 2005, pp 389-392 |
| Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the West Kasulu Cu–Au porphyry prospect, Mongolia: links to Oyu Tolgoi? in Abdurrahman, A., Andersen, J. C. Ø., & Williamson, B. J. (2012). Meeting of the Geological Society’s Mineral Deposits Studies Group was held on the 2nd–4th January 2013 at the University of Leicester, UK. Applied Earth Science (Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. B), 121(4), 176-7. |
| Khishgee, C., & Akasaka, M. (2015). Mineralogy of the Boroo Gold Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt, Central Northern Mongolia. Resource Geology, 65(4), 311-327. |
Montenegro | |
| Ivan Jurković (2007) Polymetallic Sulphide Occurrences In The Upper Paleozoic Complexes Of Northeastern Montenegro. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 19:11-25 |
Ivan Jurković (2007) Polymetallic Sulphide Occurrences In The Upper Paleozoic Complexes Of Northeastern Montenegro. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 19:11-25 | |
Ivan Jurković (2007) Polymetallic Sulphide Occurrences In The Upper Paleozoic Complexes Of Northeastern Montenegro. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 19:11-25 | |
Ivan Jurković (2007) Polymetallic Sulphide Occurrences In The Upper Paleozoic Complexes Of Northeastern Montenegro. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 19:11-25 | |
Ivan Jurković (2007) Polymetallic Sulphide Occurrences In The Upper Paleozoic Complexes Of Northeastern Montenegro. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 19:11-25 | |
Ivan Jurković (2007) Polymetallic Sulphide Occurrences In The Upper Paleozoic Complexes Of Northeastern Montenegro. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 19:11-25 | |
Morocco | |
| Joan Rosell - RosellMinerals |
| Tuduri, Johann & Chauvet, Alain & Barbanson, Luc & Bourdier, Jean-Louis & Labriki, Mohamed & Ennaciri, A & Badra, Lakhlifi & Dubois, Michel & Ennaciri-Leloix, Christelle & Sizaret, Stanislas & Maacha, L. (2018). The Jbel Saghro Au(-Ag, Cu) and Ag-Hg Metallogenetic Province: Product of a Long-Lived Ediacaran Tectono-Magmatic Evolution in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. Minerals. 8. 592. 10.3390/min8120592. |
| Joan Rosell - RosellMinerals.com |
| Bouabdellah, Mohammed & Chekroun, F & Alansari, Abdelkhalek & Margoum, Daoud. (2016) The Granitoid-Related Tiouit Gold Deposit, Saghro Inlier, Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco): Neoproterozoic Mineralization by a Polyphase Late-Magmatic to Hydrothermal System. 10.1007/978-3-319-31733-5_16. |
| Tuduri, Johann & Chauvet, Alain & Barbanson, Luc & Bourdier, Jean-Louis & Labriki, Mohamed & Ennaciri, A & Badra, Lakhlifi & Dubois, Michel & Ennaciri-Leloix, Christelle & Sizaret, Stanislas & Maacha, L. (2018). The Jbel Saghro Au(-Ag, Cu) and Ag-Hg Metallogenetic Province: Product of a Long-Lived Ediacaran Tectono-Magmatic Evolution in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. Minerals. 8. 592. 10.3390/min8120592. |
| El Ghorfi, M., Oberthür, T., Melcher, F., Lüders, V., El Boukhari, A., Maacha, L., Ziadi, R., and Baoutoul, H. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41, 549-564. |
| Dealer offer at Munich Mineral Show 2007 |
Myanmar | |
| Hlaing, M. K., Myint, A. Z., Tindell, T., & Aye, M. T. (2019). Gold Mineralization in the Kyaikhto District, Mon State, Southern Myanmar. Open Journal of Geology, 9, 29-42. |
| Ye Myint Swe, Lee, I., Than Htay, Min Aung (2004): Gold mineralization at the Kyaukpahto mine area, northern Myanmar. Resour. Geol. 54, 197-204. |
New Zealand | |
| Boyle, R.W. (1979) The geochemistry of gold and its deposits (together with a chapter on geochemical prospecting for the element). Geological Survey Bulletin 280, Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 584 pages, at p 265. |
Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. | |
| Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. |
| Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. |
Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. | |
Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. | |
Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L., Simmons, S.F. (2001) Hydrothermal Alteration and Hydrologic Evolution of the Golden Cross Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit, New Zealand. Economic Geology 96:4, 773-796. | |
Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2011) Hydrothermal Alteration and Veins at the Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106:6, 945-973. | |
| Christie, A.B., Brathwaite, R.L. (1996) Mineral Commodity Report 13-Silver. New Zealand mining 20: 16-23. Main, J.V. (1979) Precious metal bearing veins of the Maratoto-Wentworth area, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 22:1, 41-51. |
Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L., Kendrick, R.G. (2004) Telescoped porphyry-style and epithermal veins and alteration at the central Maratoto valley prospect, Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 47:1, 39-56. http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjgg/2004/009.php http://crownminerals.med.govt.nz/minerals/docs/nzmining/nzmining_up014.pdf http://members.segweb.org/PDF97-2/269_Brth.pdf | |
Brathwaite, R.L., Christie, A.B (2000) Deposit types and paleo-depth extents of Coromandel epithermal Au-Ag deposits: New Zealand Minerals and Mining Conference, Crown Minerals, 2000, Ministry of Economic Development, Wellington, Proceedings, p. 185–196. http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz/minerals/docs/nzmmc_2000/brathwaite.pdf | |
Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. | |
| Singh, R.S. (2015) Identifying Mineralogical and Geochemical Vectors towards the Epithermal Au-Ag Correnso Mine, Waihi. (unpublished thesis, MSc), Univerity of Waikato. |
Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2007) The Favona epithermal gold-silver deposit, Waihi, New Zealand. Economic Geology 102, 817-839. | |
Brathwaite, R.L., Faure, K. (2002) The Waihi Epithermal Gold-Silver-Base Metal Sulfide-Quartz Vein System, New Zealand: Temperature and Salinity Controls on Electrum and Sulfide Deposition. Economic Geology 97:2, 269-290. | |
R.L. Brathwaite and K. Faure, Economic Geology, Vol. 97, 2002, pp. 269-290.; Simpson, M. P., & Mauk, J. L. (2011). Hydrothermal alteration and veins at the epithermal Au-Ag deposits and prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 106(6), 945-973. | |
Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. | |
| Simmons, S.F., Arehart, G., Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L. (2000) Origin of Massive Calcite Veins in the Golden Cross Low-Sulfidation, Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit, New Zealand. Economic Geology 95:1, 99-112. |
Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. | |
Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. | |
| Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. |
| Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. |
| Terry Leach and Gold in New Zealand – Turning Concepts into Targets P Grieve Terry Leach Symposium 17 October 2008 |
| Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. |
| Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic, Zone New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. |
Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L., Merchant, R. (2011) Bonanza grade epithermal veins from the Coromandel and Thames districts Hauraki Goldfield, Proceedings 2011 AusIMM New Zealand branch annual conference, 27-30 August 2011, Queenstown, New Zealand. | |
Simpson, M.P., Mauk, J.L., Merchant, R. (2011) Bonanza grade epithermal veins from the Coromandel and Thames districts Hauraki Goldfield, Proceedings 2011 AusiMM New Zealand branch annual conference, 27-30 August 2011, Queenstown, New Zealand. | |
| Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. |
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| Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. |
| Auckland Star newspaper (1896) Waikoromiko. Four in Hand, Vol. XXVII, issue 256, 29 October 1896./Auckland Museum. |
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| Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. |
Christie, A.B., Mauk, J.L., Simpson, M.P., Brathwaite, R.L., Simmons, S.F. (2007) Epithermal Au-Ag and Related Deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology, 102:5, 785-816. | |
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Bell, J.M., Fraser, C. (1912) The geology of the Waihi-Tairua Subdivision, Hauraki Division. New Zealand Geological Survey, Bulletin No. 15, New Zealand Government, Wellington, 192 pages. | |
Bell, J.M., Fraser, C. (1912) The geology of the Waihi-Tairua Subdivision, Hauraki Division. New Zealand Geological Survey, Bulletin No. 15, New Zealand Government, Wellington, 192 pages. | |
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Nicaragua | |
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| www.mineralmundi.com |
Niger | |
| Personally collected by Wolfgang Hampel in 1998; identification of mineral phases on polished sections. |
North Korea | |
| Resource Geology, vol. 50, no. 4, 213-228, 2000 |
North Macedonia | |
| Serafimovski, T., Tasev, G., Strmić Palinkaš, S., Palinkaš, L.A. and Gjorgjiev, L. (2016): Porphyry Cu mineralization related to the small Tertiary volcanic intrusions in the Bučim ore deposit, Eastern Macedonia. Geologia Croatica 69, 101-119.; Petrunov, R., Serafimovski, T., & Dragov, P. (2001). New finding of PGE-mineralisation in porphyry-copper environment-the Bučim deposit, Macedonia: preliminary microscope and microprobe data. In ABCDGEODE 2001 Workshop Vata Bai, Romania (Vol. 79, pp. 79-80). |
Norway | |
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Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
| Münster, C. A. (1892) Kongsbergsølvets sammensetning og en sekundærproces ved dets dannelse. Nyt Magasin for Naturvidenskaberne. 32: 266-284; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 |
| Langberg, C. H. (1846) Om Kongsbergs guldertser. Bergmanden No 2. 15de August 1846: 17-19; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 |
Hiortdahl (1869) Om Underberget ved Kongsberg, og om guldets forekomst sammesteds. Nyt Magasin for Naturvidenskaberne. 16: 37-45; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
| Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 |
Langberg, C. H. (1846) Om Kongsbergs guldertser. Bergmanden No 2. 15de August 1846: 17-19; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
| Museum of Natural History Oslo collcetion; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 |
Brünnich, M. L. (1777) Forsøg til Mineralogie for Norge. Priskrift, Trondhjem. 96 pp; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
Hiortdahl (1869) Om Underberget ved Kongsberg, og om guldets forekomst sammesteds. Nyt Magasin for Naturvidenskaberne. 16: 37-45; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
Münster, C. A. (1892) Kongsbergsølvets sammensetning og en sekundærproces ved dets dannelse. Nyt Magasin for Naturvidenskaberne. 32: 266-284 | |
Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
Hiortdahl (1869) Om Underberget ved Kongsberg, og om guldets forekomst sammesteds. Nyt Magasin for Naturvidenskaberne. 16: 37-45; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
Münster, C. A. (1892) Kongsbergsølvets sammensetning og en sekundærproces ved dets dannelse. Nyt Magasin for Naturvidenskaberne. 32: 266-284; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
Langberg, C. H. (1846) Om Kongsbergs guldertser. Bergmanden No 2. 15de August 1846: 17-19; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
Münster, C. A. (1892) Kongsbergsølvets sammensetning og en sekundærproces ved dets dannelse. Nyt Magasin for Naturvidenskaberne. 32: 266-284 | |
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Ek, B. & Homlebekk, O. (1997) Gruvesamfunnet på Tretjennsåsen. En historisk beretning om Skaragruvene på Eiker. Bergverksmuseet Skrifter. 13. 48pp.; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
Ek, B. & Homlebekk, O. (1997) Gruvesamfunnet på Tretjennsåsen. En historisk beretning om Skaragruvene på Eiker. Bergverksmuseet Skrifter. 13. 48pp.; Kullerud, K. , Kotková, J. , Šrein, V. & Berg, B. I. (2018) Electrum from the Kongsberg silver district. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 63-70 | |
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Pacific Ocean | |
| Eos Trans. AGU, 81 (48), Fall Meet. Suppl., 2000 |
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Pakistan | |
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Panama | |
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Papua New Guinea | |
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| Ben Grguric specimen |
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Joan Rosell | |
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Peru | |
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Philippines | |
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Museo Histórico Minero Don Felipe de Borbón y Grecia (Escuela de Minas y Energía) specimen, analyzed by Dr Cesar Menor. | |
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Poland | |
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Roşia Montană, Roșia Montană, Alba, Romania