Erlichmanite

Erlichmanite

Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Ayan-Maya district, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Baranchinsky Massif, Nizhnii Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Haraigawa, Misato, Shimomashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

Erlichmanite

Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Ayan-Maya district, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Baranchinsky Massif, Nizhnii Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Haraigawa, Misato, Shimomashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

Erlichmanite

Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Ayan-Maya district, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Erlichmanite, etc.

Baranchinsky Massif, Nizhnii Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

About ErlichmaniteHide

Classification of ErlichmaniteHide

Physical Properties of ErlichmaniteHide

Optical Data of ErlichmaniteHide

Reflectivity:

400nm	R=44.4%
420nm	R=44.2%
440nm	R=44.0%
460nm	R=43.8%
580nm	R=43.4%
500nm	R=43.0%
520nm	R=42.7%
540nm	R=42.2%
560nm	R=41.7%
580nm	R=41.3%
600nm	R=40.9%
620nm	R=40.4%
640nm	R=40.0%
660nm	R=39.4%
680nm	R=38.8%
700nm	R=38.2%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 44.4%.

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of ErlichmaniteHide

Crystallography of ErlichmaniteHide

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks

Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan

View
CIF File    Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow

Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0011029	Erlichmanite	Stingl T, Muller B, Lutz H D (1992) Crystal structure refinement of osmium(II) disulfide, OsS2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 202 161-162		1992		0	293
0017725	Erlichmanite	Oftedal I (1928) Uber die Kristallstrukturen der verbindungen RuS2, OsS2, MnTe2 und AuSb2. Mit einem Anhang uber die Gitterkonstant von Pyrit Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 135 291-299		1928		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to closedata_global _chemical_name_mineral 'Erlichmanite' loop_ _publ_author_name 'Stingl T' 'Muller B' 'Lutz H D' _journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie' _journal_volume 202 _journal_year 1992 _journal_page_first 161 _journal_page_last 162 _publ_section_title ; Crystal structure refinement of osmium(II) disulfide, OsS2 ; _database_code_amcsd 0011029 _chemical_formula_sum 'Os S2' _cell_length_a 5.6194 _cell_length_b 5.6194 _cell_length_c 5.6194 _cell_angle_alpha 90 _cell_angle_beta 90 _cell_angle_gamma 90 _cell_volume 177.447 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 9.520 _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P a 3' loop_ _space_group_symop_operation_xyz 'x,y,z' '1/2+z,x,1/2-y' 'z,1/2-x,1/2+y' '1/2-z,1/2+x,y' '-z,-x,-y' '1/2+y,1/2-z,-x' '1/2-y,-z,1/2+x' '-y,1/2+z,1/2-x' 'y,z,x' 'x,1/2-y,1/2+z' '1/2-x,1/2+y,z' '1/2+x,y,1/2-z' '-x,-y,-z' '1/2-z,-x,1/2+y' '-z,1/2+x,1/2-y' '1/2+z,1/2-x,-y' 'z,x,y' '1/2-y,1/2+z,x' '1/2+y,z,1/2-x' 'y,1/2-z,1/2+x' '-y,-z,-x' '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z' '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z' '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z' loop_ _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z Os 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S 0.38616 0.38616 0.38616 loop_ _atom_site_aniso_label _atom_site_aniso_U_11 _atom_site_aniso_U_22 _atom_site_aniso_U_33 _atom_site_aniso_U_12 _atom_site_aniso_U_13 _atom_site_aniso_U_23 Os 0.00205 0.00205 0.00205 -0.00004 -0.00004 -0.00004 S 0.00288 0.00288 0.00288 0.00010 0.00010 0.00010

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of ErlichmaniteHide

Synonyms of ErlichmaniteHide

Other Language Names for ErlichmaniteHide

Relationship of Erlichmanite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

References for ErlichmaniteHide

Internet Links for ErlichmaniteHide

Localities for ErlichmaniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Algeria
In Salah Province In Salah District Foggaret Ezzaouia ⓘ Acfer 217 meteorite	Schulze, H. (1998) Meteoritics & Planetary Science 33 (4, Supplement): A139. (July 1998)
Australia
New South Wales Kennedy Co. ⓘ Fifield	Webb, K. (2014). The age and tectonometallogenic setting of the Fifield “Alaskan-type” intrusive suite, Lachlan Orogen, NSW. NSW., Bachelor of Science (Honours), School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong.
ⓘ Kelvin Grove prospect	Johan, Z., Ohnenstetter, M., Slansky, E., Barron, L.M., Suppel, D. (1989) Platinum mineralization in the Alaskan-type intrusive complexes near Fifield, New South Wales, Australia. Part 1. Platinum-group minerals in clinopyroxenites of the Kelvin Grove prospect, Owendale intrusion. Mineralogy and Petrology, 40:4, 289-309.
ⓘ Owendale North Mine	5th International Platinum Symposium Bulletin of The Geological Society of Finland Number 61, Part 1,1989,1-64
Austria
Styria Leoben District ⓘ Kraubath an der Mur	Malitch, K.N., Melcher, F., Mühlhans , H. (2001) Palladium and gold mineralization in podiform chromitite at Kraubath, Austria. Mineralogy and Petrology: 73: 247-277.
Sankt Stefan ob Leoben Mitterberg ⓘ Unnamed chromite pit	Malitch, K. N., & Knauf, V. V. (2002). Diversity of PGM assemblages at Kraubath: a case study of mantle-derived chromitites from the Eastern Alps, Austria. In 9th International Platinum Symposium (Abstracts).
Brazil
Bahia ⓘ Campo Formoso ultramafic complex	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results; Garuti, G., Proenza, J. A., & Zaccarini, F. (2005). Platinum-group element distribution and mineralogy in altered chromitite of the Campo Formoso layered intrusion (Bahia state, Brazil). Geology & Petrology 82-85
Goiás ⓘ Niquelândia	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
ⓘ Niquelândia complex	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Proenza, J. A., Thalhammer, O. A., & Angeli, N. (2012). Platinum-group minerals in chromitites of the Niquelândia layered intrusion (Central Goias, Brazil): Their magmatic origin and low-temperature reworking during serpentinization and lateritic weathering. Minerals, 2(4), 365-384.
São Paulo ⓘ Monte Alegre do Sul	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
Bulgaria
Blagoevgrad Province ⓘ Blagoevgrad placer deposits	Цинцов, З. (1998). Състав, разпространение и транспорт на минералите на елементите от групата на платината в алувиалните седименти на Благоевградския грабен. Сп. БГД, 59(2), 59-65.
Gotse Delchev Municipality ⓘ Pletena (Pletene)	Bul. Acad. Sci. (1998)
Burgas Province Kameno Municipality ⓘ Konstantinovo (Novoseltsi)	Atanasov, A. V. (1990). Vasilite,(Pd, Cu) 16 (S, Te) 7, a new mineral species from Novoseltsi, Bulgaria. The Canadian Mineralogist, 28(3), 687-689.
Canada
British Columbia Similkameen Mining Division ⓘ Tulameen River	Nixon, G.T., Cabri, L.J., and Laflamme, J.H.G. (1990) Platinum-group-element mineralizaton in lode and placer deposits associated with the Tulameen Alaskan-type complex, British Columbia. Canadian Mineralogist: 28, 503-535.
ⓘ Grasshopper Mt	Nixon, G. T., Cabri, L. J., & Laflamme, J. G. (1990). Platinum-group-element mineralization in lode and placer deposits associated with the Tulameen Alaskan-type complex, British Columbia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 28(3), 503-535.
ⓘ Placer Deposits	Nixon, G. T., Cabri, L. J., & Laflamme, J. G. (1990). Platinum-group-element mineralization in lode and placer deposits associated with the Tulameen Alaskan-type complex, British Columbia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 28(3), 503-535.
Québec Chaudière-Appalaches Les Appalaches RCM ⓘ Thetford Mines	http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001NE/finalprogram/abstract_2302.htm.
ⓘ Hall chrome pit (Hall mine; Thetford quarry)	Pagé et al. (2001) GSA 2001 NE program abstracts
Yukon Watson Lake mining district ⓘ Wolverine Creek	Fedortchouk, Y., LeBarge, W., Barkov, A.Y., Fedele, L. and Bodnar, R.J., 2010. Major- and trace-element composition of platinum group minerals and their inclusions from several Yukon placers. In: Yukon Exploration and Geology 2009, K.E. MacFarlane, L.H. Weston and L.R. Blackburn (eds.), Yukon Geological Survey, p. 185-196.
Whitehorse mining district Kluane District ⓘ Florence Creek	BARKOV, A.Y. & MARTIN, R.F. (2008) Grains of Pt-Fe alloy and inclusions in Pt-Fe alloy from Florence Creek, Yukon, Canada: Evidence for mobility of Os in a Na-H2O-Cl-rich fluid. Canadian Mineralogist 46, 343-360.
China
Hebei Chengde Chengde County Gaositai ⓘ Gaositai Cr-PGE deposit (Gao District; Gaotai village)	Zuxiang Yu (1995): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 15(1), 1-4
ⓘ Wulie river placers	Zuxiang Yu (1995): Acta Geologica Sinica 69(3), 215-220
Sichuan Panzhihua Dong District ⓘ Panzhihua Fe-V-Ti-(PGE) deposit
Miyi County ⓘ Xinjie Cu-Ni-(PGE) deposit
Tibet Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture) Nêdong Co. (Naidong Co.; Zedang Co.) ⓘ Zedang ophiolite	Guo, G., Yang, J., Robinson, P.T., Liu, X., Xu, X., Xiong, F. (2016): Platinum-group Mineral (PGM) and Base-metal Sulphide (BMS) Inclusions in Chromitites of the Zedang Ophiolite, Southern Tibet, China and their Petrogenetic Significance. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition): 90: 900–912; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=12863 (2016)
Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.) ⓘ Luobusha ophiolite ("Luobusa ophiolite")	Wenji Bai, Shufeng Tao, Jingsui Yang, Qingsong Fang, Nicheng Shi and Guowu Li (2007): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 26(5), 418-428
Colombia
Cauca Department Guapí Municipality ⓘ Río Pilpe	Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
Chocó Department Condoto Municipality ⓘ Alto Condoto intrusion	Stribrny, B., Wellmer, F.-W., Burgath, K.-P., Oberthür, T., Tarkian, M., and Pfeiffer, T. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 260-281.
Costa Rica
Guanacaste Province ⓘ Santa Elena ultramafic Nappe	Federica Zaccarini, Ronald J. Bakker, Giorgio Garuti, Thomas Aiglsperger, Oskar A. R. Thalhammer, Lolita Campos, Joaquin A. Proenza, John F. Lewis (2010) Platinum group minerals in chromitite bodies of the Santa Elena Nappe, Costa Rica: mineralogical characterization by electron microprobe and Raman–spectroscopy. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 62:161-171
Cuba
Holguín Province ⓘ Mayarí District	Gervilla, F., Proenza, J. A., Frei, R., González-Jiménez, J. M., Garrido, C. J., Melgarejo, J. C., ... & Lavaut, W. (2005). Distribution of platinum-group elements and Os isotopes in chromite ores from Mayarí-Baracoa Ophiolitic Belt (eastern Cuba). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 150(6), 589-607.
Cyprus
Nicosia District Troodos mountain range ⓘ Kokkinorotsos chromite mine (Chrome Mine)	Prichard, H. M. and Lord, R. A. (1990) 'Platinum and palladium in the Troodos ophiolite complex, Cyprus', Canadian Mineralogist, 28 (3), pp.607-617.
Ecuador
Esmeraldas Province ⓘ Santiago River placers	Weiser, T. and Schmidt-Thome, M. (1993) Platinum-group minerals from the Santiago river, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador. Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 61-73.
Ethiopia
Oromia Region West Welega Zone Gimbi ⓘ Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District)	Econ Geol (1986) 81:1278-1285
Bir Bir River ⓘ Joubdo Stream	Cabri, L. J., Criddle, A. J., Laflamme, J. H. G., Bearne, G. S., & Harris, D. C. (1981). Mineralogical study of complex Pt-Fe nuggets from Ethiopia. Bulletin de Mineralogie, 104(4), 508-525.
Finland
ⓘ Lapland	Törnroos Ragnar, Johanson Bo, Kojonen Kari, 1998. Alluvial nuggets of platinum group minerals and alloys from Finnish Lapland. Geological survey of Finland, Special Paper
Enontekiö ⓘ Miessijoki River	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Pt-Pd selenides from river placers, northern Finland; Kari Kojonen (2012) PGE ore potential in the southwestern granulite belt of Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 207 pp 64-67
Inari Ivalojoki ⓘ Palsinoja	Kari Kojonen (2012) PGE ore potential in the southwestern granulite belt of Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 207 pp 64-67
ⓘ Sotajoki River	Kojonen, K., Tarkian, M., Heidrich, S. & Johanson, B. (2014) Placer Platinum-group Minerals from Sotajoki River, Inari, Finland. 12th International Platinum Symposium p259
Keminmaa ⓘ Elijärvi Mine (Kemi Mine)	Stanislav S. Gornostayev, Kauko V.O. Laajoki & Ossi Leinonen (2000) The platinum-group minerals in the Kemi chromite deposit, Finland: a case study of the Elijärvi ore body. In Abstract volume and Field trip Guidebook, 2nd annual GEODE-Fennoscandian shield field workshop on Palaeoproterozoic and Archean greenstone belts and VMS districts in the Fennoscandian Shield (Vol. 28).
Penikat complex Sompujärvi Reef ⓘ Kirakkajuppura PGE deposit	Barkov, A., Halkoaho, T., Roberts, A., Criddle, A., Martin, R., Papunen, H. (1999) New Pd-Pb and Pb-V oxides frm a bonanza-type PGE-rich, nearly BMS-free deposit in the Penikat layered complex, Finland. Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 1507-1524.; Barkov, A. Y., Fleet, M. E., Martin, R. F., & Alapieti, T. T. (2004). Zoned sulfides and sulfarsenides of the platinum-group elements from the Penikat layered complex, Finland. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42(2), 515-537.
Sodankylä ⓘ Keivitsa intrusion	Gervilla, F., Kojonen, K. and Merkle, R.K.W., 2005. Platinum-group minerals in the Proterozoic Keivitsa mafic-ultramafic intrusion, Sodankylä, northern Finland. Extended Abstract, 10th International Platinum Symposium, Abstract volume
Kevitsansarvi (Keivitsansarvi) ⓘ Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE mine	mutanen Tapani 1997. Geology and ore petrology of Akanvaara nd Koitelainen mafic layered intrusions and the Keivitsa -satovaara layered complex, Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, bulletin 395. 233s.
North Karelia Outokumpu ⓘ Outokumpu mining district	No reference listed
France
New Caledonia Northern Province Kaala-Gomen Commune ⓘ Tiébaghi	Cassian, P. (2007). New Caledonia Geology and Mining. In ニューカレドニアの投資環境調査 2007 年 (p. 58).
Koumac Commune Tiébaghi Massif ⓘ Tiébaghi Cr mine	Augé, T. (1988). Platinum-Group Minerals in the Tiébaghi (New-Caledonia) and Vourinos (Greece) Ophiolites. In Geo-Platinum 87 (pp. 405-405). Springer Netherlands.
Southern Province Mont Dore Ouen Island ⓘ Ouen Island ophiolite	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in chromitite schlieren from the ouen island, new caledonia ophiolite
Pirogues River ⓘ Pirogues ophiolite	Jan Pasava (ed) Mineral Deposits: From Their Origin to Their Environmental Impacts pp89-92; Auge, T., & Maurizot, P. (1995). Stratiform and alluvial platinum mineralization in New Caledonia ophiolite complex. The Canadian Mineralogist, 33(5), 1023-1045.
Yaté ⓘ Ni River estuary	Auge, T., & Maurizot, P. (1995). Stratiform and alluvial platinum mineralization in New Caledonia ophiolite complex. The Canadian Mineralogist, 33(5), 1023-1045.
Greece
Central Greece Euboea Eretria ⓘ Kastraki III Mine	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
ⓘ Tsagli-Mavro Mine	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
Phthiotis Domokos ⓘ Aghio Stefanos prospect (Agios Stefanos)	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
ⓘ Metalion Mine	Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
Epirus Pindus Pindos ophiolite complex ⓘ Korydallos area	Kapsiotis, A. N. (2013). Genesis of chromitites from Korydallos, Pindos Ophiolite Complex, Greece, based on spinel chemistry and PGE-mineralogy. Journal of Geosciences, 58(1), 49-69.
West Macedonia Kozani and Grevena border area Vourinos Ophiolite complex Pontini and Chromion area ⓘ Xerolivado Mine	Kapsiotis, A., Grammatikopoulos, T. A., Zaccarini, F., Tsikouras, B., Garuti, G., & Hatzipanagiotou, K. (2006). Platinum-group mineral characterisation in concentrates from low-grade PGE chromitites from the Vourinos ophiolite complex, northern Greece. Applied Earth Science: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section B, 115(2), 49-57.
ⓘ Voidolakkos	Kapsiotis, A., Grammatikopoulos, T. A., Zaccarini, F., Tsikouras, B., Garuti, G., & Hatzipanagiotou, K. (2006). Platinum-group mineral characterisation in concentrates from low-grade PGE chromitites from the Vourinos ophiolite complex, northern Greece. Applied Earth Science: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section B, 115(2), 49-57.
India
Karnataka Davanagere District Shimoga schist belt ⓘ Hanumalapur Complex	Alapieti, T.T., Devaraju, T.C., Kaukonen, R.J. (2005) SEM-EDS Study of the Platinum-group Minerals in the PGE mineralized Hanumalapura Segment of the Layeredmafic-ultramafic Complex of Channagiri, Davangere District, Karnataka. Journal of the Geological Society of India: 65: 745-752.
Indonesia
South Kalimantan Province Banjar Regency ⓘ Tanah Laut (Pontijn)
Japan
Kumamoto Prefecture Shimomashiki District Misato ⓘ Haraigawa	Dr Daisuke Nishio-Hamane, SEM analysis, University of Tokyo Electron Microprobe Section.; NISHIO–HAMANE, D., Tanaka, T., & Shinmachi, T. (2019). Minakawaite and platinum–group minerals in the placer from the clinopyroxenite area in serpentinite mélange of Kurosegawa belt, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 114(5), 252-262.
Kazakhstan
Aktobe Region Kargaly ⓘ Kempirsai Cr deposit	Melcher, F., Grum, W., Simon, G., Thalhammer, T.V., Stumpfl, E.F. (1997): Petrogenesis of the Ophiolitic Giant Chromite Deposits of Kempirsai, Kazakhstan: a Study of Solid and Fluid Inclusions in Chromite. J Petrol.: 38(10), 1419–1458; https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.10.1419
Madagascar
Atsinanana Antanambao Manampotsy ⓘ Antanambao-Manampotsy area	Legendre, O., and Augé, T. (1992): Alluvial platinum-group minerals from the Manampotsy area, east Madagascar. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, 389-404
ⓘ Ambodibonara Placer	Augé, T. & Legendre, O. (1992): Pt-Fe nuggets from alluvial deposits in eastern Madagascar. Canadian Mineralogist 30, 983-1004; Legendre, O., & Augé, T. (1992). Alluvial platinum‐group minerals from the Manampotsy area, East Madagascar. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39(3), 389-404.
Mexico
Baja California Sur Mulegé Municipality ⓘ Vizcaíno Peninsula	Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems Annual report 2012 p. 124
Mongolia
Zavkhan Province Khan-Taishirin-Ula range ⓘ Naran massif	http://www.dmitrenkogg.narod.ru/Mongoliy.htm
New Zealand
Tasman Region St. Arnaud ⓘ Maud Creek	http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org
Norway
Trøndelag Røros ⓘ Østhammeren (Osthammeren)	Nilson, L. P. (1990): Platinum-group mineral inclusions in chromitite from the Osthammeren ultramafic tectonite body, South Central Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology 42: 249-263
Oman
Al Buraimi Governorate Northern Oman Ophiolite ⓘ Wadi Hilti	Ahmed, A. H., & Arai, S. (2003). Platinum-group minerals in podiform chromitites of the Oman ophiolite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41(3), 597-616.
Philippines
Visayas Eastern Visayas Region Samar Island ⓘ Llorente river	Oberthür, T., Melcher, F., & Weiser, T. W. (2017). Detrital Platinum-Group Minerals and Gold In Placers of Southeastern Samar Island, Philippines. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55(1), 45-62.
Russia
Bashkortostan ⓘ Nurali complex (Nurali massif)	F. Zaccarini et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 545-562 (2004).
Chelyabinsk Oblast Miass River ⓘ Kialim placer	Zaykov, V. V., Melekestseva, I. Y., Zaykova, E. V., Kotlyarov, V. A., & Kraynev, Y. D. (2017). Gold and platinum group minerals in placers of the South Urals: Composition, microinclusions of ore minerals and primary sources. Ore Geology Reviews, 85, 299-320.
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Bilibinsky District Kolyma area Bol'shoi Anyui River Basin Baimka River Aluchinskii Massif (Aluchin horst) ⓘ Baimka placer deposit	Gornostayev, S.S., Crocket, J.H., Mochalov, A.G., and Lajoki, K.V.O. (1999) The platinum-group minerals of the Baimka placer deposits, Aluchin horst, Russian Far East. Canadian Mineralogist: 37: 1117-1129.
Irkutsk Oblast Uda–Biryusa district ⓘ Ognit complex	Shvedov, G. I., & Barkov, A. Y. (2017). Primary and alteration assemblages of platinum-group minerals from the Ognit complex, Irkutskaya oblast, Eastern Sayans, Russia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 194(1), 35-48.
ⓘ Tartai Massif	Podlipsky, M. Y., Mekhonoshin, A. S., Tolstykh, N. D., Vishnevskiy, A. V., & Polyakov, G. V. (2015). Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Tartai massif, East Siberian metallogenic province. Geology of Ore Deposits, 57(3), 172-196.
Kamchatka Krai Korf Gal'moenan ultrabasic massif ⓘ Ledyanoi Creek placer	Tolstykh N.D., Sidorov E.G., Kozlov A.P. (2004) Platinum-group minerals in lode and placier deposits associated with the Ural-Alaskan-type Gal'moenan complex, Koryak-Kamchatka Platinum Belt, Russia, - Canadian Mineralogist, v.42, p.2, pp. 619-630.
Koryak Okrug Olyutorsky district ⓘ Epilchik mafic-ultramafic complex	Sidorov, E., Kutyrev, A., Chubarov, V., Zhitova, E. (2020): Platinum mineralization of the Epilchik Ural-Alaskan type zoned complex (Far East Russia). Mineralium Deposita: 55, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-01008-1; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=16459
ⓘ Maior River	Подлипский, М. Ю., Сидоров, Е. Г., Толстых, Н. Д., & Кривенко, А. П. (1999). Кобальтсодержащий маланит и другие тиошпинели платины из россыпных проявлений реки Майор (Камчатка). Геология и геофизика, 40(4), 645-648.
ⓘ Mount Filipp	Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Sidorov, E. G., Tolstykh, N. D., Podlipsky, M. Y., & Pakhomov, I. O. (2004). Placer PGE minerals from the Filippa clinopyroxenite-dunite massif (Kamchatka). Geologiya i Geofizika (Russian Geology and Geophysics), 45(9), 1128-1144.
ⓘ Olkhovaya–1 River placer	Tolstykh, N., Sidorov, E., & Kozlov, A. (2009). Platinum-group Minerals from the Olkhovaya–1 Placers Related to the Karaginsky Ophiolite Complex, Kamchatskiy Mys Peninsula, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 47(5), 1057-1074.
Kemerovo Oblast ⓘ Koura River	Zhmodik, S. M., Nesterenko, G. V., Airiyants, E. V., Belyanin, D. K., Kolpakov, V. V., Podlipsky, M. Y., & Karmanov, N. S. (2016). Alluvial platinum-group minerals as indicators of primary PGE mineralization (placers of southern Siberia). Russian Geology and Geophysics, 57(10), 1437-1464.
Khabarovsk Krai Ayan-Maya district ⓘ Chad Massif	Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif (Konder placers; Konder mine; Kondyor)	Cabri, L.J., Laflamme, H.H. Giles, (1997), Platinum Group Minerals from the Konder Massif, Russian Far East, Min Rec. 28, 97-106
Krasnoyarsk Krai ⓘ Bolshoy Khailyk River placers	Barkov, A. Y., Shvedov, G. I., Silyanov, S. A., & Martin, R. F. (2018). Mineralogy of Platinum-Group Elements and Gold in the Ophiolite-Related Placer of the River Bolshoy Khailyk, Western Sayans, Russia. Minerals, 8(6), 247.
ⓘ Kingash	Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) The PGE-Bearing Sulphide Ores of the Kingash Mafic-Ultramafic Differentiated Intrusion and Ore Processing Characteristics, East Sajan, Russia. 9th annual platinum symposium
Yermakovsky District ⓘ River Rudnaya	Barkov, A. Y., Tolstykh, N. D., Shvedov, G. I., & Martin, R. F. (2018). Ophiolite-related associations of platinum-group minerals at Rudnaya, western Sayans, and Miass, southern Urals, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-32.
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)	Gabov, D. A. (2010). PGE and Au minerals from the low-sulfide ore of the Pana Tundra Pluton, Kola Peninsula. Geology of Ore Deposits, 52(7), 624-629.
Imandra layered complex (Imandrovsky layered intrusion) ⓘ Mount Bol’shaya Varaka chromitite deposit	Barkov, A.Y. and Fleet, M.E. (2004) An unusual association of hydrothermal platinum-group minerals from the Imandra layered complex, Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 455-467.
Monchegorsk ⓘ Sopcheozerskoe deposit (Sopcheozero)	Chistyakova S, Latypov R, Zaccarini F (2014) PGE geochemistry and mineralogy of chromitite dykes from the Sopcheozero deposit, Monchegorsk layered intrusion, Russia. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 109
ⓘ Pechengsky District	Chashchin, V. V., & Petrov, S. V. (2013). Low-sulfide PGE ore in the Volchetundra gabbro-anorthosite pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(5), 357-382.
ⓘ Volchetundra massif	Chashchin, V. V., & Petrov, S. V. (2013). Low-sulfide PGE ore in the Volchetundra gabbro-anorthosite pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(5), 357-382.
Primorsky Krai Khanka lake ⓘ Zolotaya river placers	Shcheka G.G., Vrzhosek A.A., Lehmann B., Tolstykh N.D. (2004) Associations of platinum-group minerals from the Zolotaya gold placiers, Primorye, Russian Far East, - Canadian Mineralogist, v.42, pp. 583-599.
Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Aldan ⓘ Inagli Massif	Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
ⓘ Ryabinovskoe Cu-Au deposit	A.Ya. Kochetkov (2006) Mesozoic Gold-Bearing Ore-Magmatic Systems Of Central Aldan. Russian Geology and Geophysics 47:850-864
ⓘ Muscovitovyi area	Kochetkov A.Ya. (2006) Ore contents of alkaline massifs of Aldan shield: Ryabinovskoe copper-gold-porphyritic deposit,- Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya, v.25, N1, pp. 62-73 (in Russian)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Nizhnii Tagil ⓘ Baranchinsky Massif	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, 2018
Novolyalinsky District ⓘ Kytlym complex (Kytlym massif)	Garuti, G., Pushkarev, E.V., and Zaccarini, F. (2002) Composition and paragenesis of Pt alloys from chromitites of the Uralian-Alaskan-type Kytlym and Uktus complexes, northern and central Urals, Russia. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1127-1146.
Prigorodny District Soloveva Mountain ⓘ Aleksandrov Log Pt deposit	Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Yekaterinburg ⓘ Kluchevskoy ophiolite complex	Zaccarini, F., Pushkarev, E., & Garuti, G. (2008). Platinum-group element mineralogy and geochemistry of chromitite of the Kluchevskoy ophiolite complex, central Urals (Russia). Ore Geology Reviews, 33(1), 20-30.
ⓘ Uktus complex	9th International platinum symposium Chromite-PGE mineralization in the Uktus Alaskan-Type Complex (Central Urals,); Garuti, G., Pushkarev, E.V., and Zaccarini, F. (2002) Composition and paragenesis of Pt alloys from chromitites of the Uralian-Alaskan-type Kytlym and Uktus complexes, northern and central Urals, Russia. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1127-1146.; Zaccarini, F., Pushkarev, E., Garuti, G., Krause, J., Dvornik, G. P., Stanley, C., & Bindi, L. (2013). Platinum-group minerals (PGM) nuggets from alluvial-eluvial placer deposits in the concentrically zoned mafic-ultramafic Uktus complex (Central Urals, Russia). European Journal of Mineralogy, 25(4), 519-531.
Tyumen Oblast ⓘ Rai-Iz (Raiz)	Shmelev V.R., Perevozchikov B.V., Moloshag V.P. (2014) The Rai-Iz ophiolite massif in the Polar Urals: geology and chromite deposits. Field trip guidebook. 12th International Platinum Symposium. Yekaterinburg: IGG UB RAS, 2014. 44 р.
ⓘ Centralnoye I deposit	Jan Pašava, Ilja Knésl, Anna Vymazalová, Ivan Vavřín, Ludmila Ivanovna Gurskaya, Leonid Ruslanovich Kolbantsev (2011) Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum-group elements (PGE) in chromites from Centralnoye I, Polar Urals, Russia. Geoscience Frontiers 2:81-85
ⓘ Centralnoye II deposit	Jan Pašava, Ilja Knésl, Anna Vymazalová, Ivan Vavřín, Ludmila Ivanovna Gurskaya, Leonid Ruslanovich Kolbantsev (2011) Geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum-group elements (PGE) in chromites from Centralnoye I, Polar Urals, Russia. Geoscience Frontiers 2:81-85
Zabaykalsky Krai Buriatia Republic (Buryatia) Okinsky District ⓘ Ulan-Sar’dag Ophiolite	Kiseleva, O.N.; Airiyants, E.V.; Belyanin, D.K.; Zhmodik, S.M. (2020) Podiform Chromitites and PGE Mineralization in the Ulan-Sar’dag Ophiolite (East Sayan, Russia). Minerals 10, 141.
Sierra Leone
Western Area ⓘ Freetown layered complex	Econ Geol (1986) 81:1278-1285; Bowles, J.F.W. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 583-586.; John F.W. Bowles, Hazel M. Prichard and Peter C.Fisher (2002) Platinum-group minerals (PGM) in the Freetown Complex, Sierra Leone. 9th Platinum symposium
ⓘ Big Water	Bowles, J. F., Suárez, S., Prichard, H. M., & Fisher, P. C. (2018). The mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the alluvial platinum-group minerals of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-30.
Slovakia
Košice Region Košice-okolie District Jasov ⓘ Serpentinite outcrops	Radvanec, M., & Uher, P. (2016). Platinum-group minerals in metapyroxenite from Jasov, Meliatic Unit, Slovakia. Acta Geol. Slov., 8, 2, 195, 201.
South Africa
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Burgersfort ⓘ Maandagshoek farm	The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 1711-1734 (2005)
Mpumalanga ⓘ Evander goldfield	http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality ⓘ Rustenburg	Hart, S.R., Kinloch, E.D. (1989) Osmium isotope systematics in Witwatersrand and Bushveld ore deposits. Economic Geology: 84: 1651-1655.
ⓘ Union Mine	Econ Geol (1989) 84:1651-1655
ⓘ Witwatersrand goldfield	Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.
Spain
Andalusia Málaga Ojén ⓘ Ojén lherzolite massif	Mineralogy and Petrology: 56: 25-50.
ⓘ Arroyo de los Caballos	Baurier-Aymat, S.; Jiménez-Franco, A.; Roqué-Rosell, J.; González-Jiménez, J.M.; Gervilla, F.; Proenza, J.A.; Mendoza, J.; Nieto, F. (2019) Nanoscale Structure of Zoned Laurites from the Ojén Ultramafic Massif, Southern Spain. Minerals 9, 288.
ⓘ Cerro del Algarrobo	Baurier-Aymat, S.; Jiménez-Franco, A.; Roqué-Rosell, J.; González-Jiménez, J.M.; Gervilla, F.; Proenza, J.A.; Mendoza, J.; Nieto, F. (2019) Nanoscale Structure of Zoned Laurites from the Ojén Ultramafic Massif, Southern Spain. Minerals 9, 288.
Turkey
Hatay Province Arsuz ⓘ Kizildag ophiolite	Kozlu, H., & Rudashevsky, N. V. (2010). Geochemistry of the platinum-group minerals (PGM) in the chromitites from Elbistan–Berit Mantle/Transition Zone and Kızıldağ (Hatay) Ophiolite, SE–S Turkey. In 11th International Platinum Symposium Ontario Geological Survey, Pdf Abstract Miscellaneous Release-Data (Vol. 269).
Muğla Province Menteşe District Muğla ophiolite ⓘ Chromitite occurrence	Uysal, I., Sadiklar, M. B., Tarkian, M., Karsli, O., & Aydin, F. (2005). Mineralogy and composition of the chromitites and their platinum-group minerals from Ortaca (Muğla-SW Turkey): evidence for ophiolitic chromitite genesis. Mineralogy and petrology, 83(3-4), 219-242.; Uysal, İ., Tarkian, M., Sadiklar, M. B., Zaccarini, F., Meisel, T., Garuti, G., & Heidrich, S. (2009). Petrology of Al-and Cr-rich ophiolitic chromitites from the Muğla, SW Turkey: implications from composition of chromite, solid inclusions of platinum-group mineral, silicate, and base-metal mineral, and Os-isotope geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 158(5), 659-674.
UK
Scotland South Ayrshire ⓘ Ballantrae Complex	Power, M. R., & Pirrie, D. (2004). Platinum-group minerals within the Ballantrae Complex, SW Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 40(1), 1-5.
USA
Alaska Bethel Census Area ⓘ Goodnews Bay	www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
Salmon River - Red Mountain District ⓘ Clara Creek	Snetsinger, K.G. (1973): Chromian Aluminian Magnetite and Two Rhodium Alloys in a Platinum Nugget from Goodnews Bay, Alaska. American Mineralogist: 58: 189-194
ⓘ Platinum Creek	USGS Open-File Report 01-269
Ketchikan Gateway Borough Ketchikan Mining District ⓘ Continental; Chevelle; Cannery Creek Prospects	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ Jaguar Prospect	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ Lexus Prospect	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ Mount Burnett Zone Prospect	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ North Zone Prospect	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
ⓘ West Cobra; East Cobra Prospects	U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
California Humboldt Co. Klamath Mountains Willow Creek Mining District Willow Creek (China Flat) ⓘ MacIntosh Mine (TL)	Dana's New Mineralogy; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 63.; Snetsinger, K.G. (1971b) Erlichmanite (OsS2), a new mineral. American Mineralogist: 56: 1501-1506.
Sacramento Co. Folsom Mining District Folsom ⓘ American River	Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64.
Montana Sweet Grass Co. ⓘ East Boulder Mine (East Boulder project prospect; Frog Pond adit; Frog Pond audit; Jack Pine project; J-M Reef)	Bart Cannon analysis, Cannon Microprobe, #FP 51, January 11, 1995.
Pennsylvania Chester Co. State Line Chromite Mining District ⓘ West Nottingham Township	Smith, II, R. C. and Barnes, J. H. (2011)