Falkmanite
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About Falkmanite
Oscar C. A. Falkman
Formula:
Pb3Sb2S6
Previously given as Pb5.4Sb3.6S11.
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2 - 3
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Oscar Carl August Falkman (25 December 1877, Stockholm, Sweden - 10 July 1961, Stockholm, Sweden), General director of the Bolidens Gruvaktiebolag.
A mineral closely related to boulangerite, or possibly only a lead-rich variety of the latter.
Although the IMA currently considers falkmanite as a grandfathered species, an IMA Commission report (Moëlo et al., 2008) is undecided on the status and concludes that "A solution of the crystal structure of falkmanite is necessary for its definite classification."
According to Schultz et al. (2017), "falkmanite" is boulangerite.
Originally described from Bayerland Mine, Pfaffenreuth, Waldsassen, Oberpfälzer Wald, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany.
Although the IMA currently considers falkmanite as a grandfathered species, an IMA Commission report (Moëlo et al., 2008) is undecided on the status and concludes that "A solution of the crystal structure of falkmanite is necessary for its definite classification."
According to Schultz et al. (2017), "falkmanite" is boulangerite.
Originally described from Bayerland Mine, Pfaffenreuth, Waldsassen, Oberpfälzer Wald, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany.
Classification of Falkmanite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
2.HC.15
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
3.5.2.2
3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
Physical Properties of Falkmanite
Chemical Properties of Falkmanite
Formula:
Pb3Sb2S6
Previously given as Pb5.4Sb3.6S11.
Previously given as Pb5.4Sb3.6S11.
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Falkmanite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Type Occurrence of Falkmanite
Other Language Names for Falkmanite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 2.HC.05b | Argentobaumhauerite | Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite | Pb12As16S36 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 2.HC.05e | Chabournéite | Tl4Pb2(Sb,As)20S34 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 2.HC.05d | Dufrénoysite | Pb2As2S5 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| 2.HC.05a | Guettardite | PbAsSbS4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 2.HC.05c | Liveingite | Pb9As13S28 | Mon. |
| 2.HC.05f | Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 | Mon. m |
| 2.HC.05f | Pierrotite | Tl2(Sb,As)10S16 | Orth. mm2 : Pna21 |
| 2.HC.05d | Rathite | Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 2.HC.05a | Sartorite | PbAs2S4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 2.HC.05a | Twinnite | Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4 | Mon. 2/m |
| 2.HC.05d | Veenite | Pb2(Sb,As)2S5 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| 2.HC.05g | Marumoite | Pb32As40S92 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| 2.HC.05e | Dalnegroite | (Tl4Pb2)(As12Sb8)S34 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 2.HC.10a | Fülöppite | Pb3Sb8S15 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 2.HC.10c | Heteromorphite | Pb7Sb8S19 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 2.HC.10b | Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 | Mon. 2/m |
| 2.HC.10d | Rayite | Pb8(Ag,Tl)2Sb8S21 | Mon. |
| 2.HC.10d | Semseyite | Pb9Sb8S21 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 2.HC.15 | Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 2.HC.20 | Robinsonite | Pb4Sb6S13 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 2.HC.25 | Moëloite | Pb6Sb6S14(S3) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 2 |
| 2.HC.30 | Dadsonite | Pb23Sb25S60Cl | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 2.HC.35 | Owyheeite | Ag3+xPb10-2xSb11+xS28, -0.13 < x > +0.20 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 2.HC.35 | Zoubekite | AgPb4Sb4S10 | Orth. |
| 2.HC.40 | Parasterryite | Ag4Pb20Sb14As10S58 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 3.5.2.1 | Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Falkmanite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Hiller, J.E. (1939) Kürzere Originalmitteilungen und Notizen. Über den Falkmanit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 102: 138-142.
Ramdohr, P., Ödman, O. (1940) Falkmanit, ein neues Bleispieβglanzerz, und sein Vorkommen, besonders in Boliden und Grube Bayerland. (Mit einem Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Geokronits). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaontologie: A75: 315-350.
Foshag, W.F. (1940) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 25: 312-314.
Robinson, S.C. (1948) The identity of falkmanite and yenerite with boulangerite. American Mineralogist: 33: 716-723.
Fleischer, M. (1949) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 34: 339-339.
Hiller, J.E. (1955) Falkmanite and its distinction from boulangerite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1955: 1-10.
Mozgova, N.N., Bortnikov, N.S., Tsepin, A.I., Borodaev, Yu.S., Vrublevskaya, S.V., Vyal'sov, L.N., Kuz'mina, O.V., Sivtsov, A.V. (1983) Falkmanite, Pb5.4Sb3.6S11, new data and relationship with sulfantimonites of lead (re-examination of type material from Bayerland Mine, Bavaria). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 147: 80-98.
Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Chao, G.Y., Fleischer, M., Francis, C.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Pabst, A. (1984) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 406-412.
McQueen, K.G. (1987) A second occurrence of falkmanite: Pinnacles Mine, Broken Hill, New South Wales. Canadian Mineralogist: 25: 15-19.
Jambor, J.L. (1988) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 73: 666-667.
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1989): 498-512.
Pruseth, K.L., Mishra, B., Bernhardt, H.J. (1997) Phase relations in the Cu2S-PbS-Sb2S3 system: an experimental appraisal and application to natural polymetallic sulfide ores. Economic Geology: 92: 720-732.
Pruseth, K.L., Mishra, B., Bernhardt, H.-J. (2001) The minerals boulangerite, falkmanite and Cu-free meneghinite: synthesis, new powder diffraction data and stability relations. European Journal of Mineralogy: 13: 411-419.
Moëlo, Y., Makovicky, E., Mozgova, N.N., Jambor, J.L., Cook, N., Pring, A., Paar, W., Nickel, E.H., Graeser, S., Karup-Møller, S., Balić-Žunić, T., Mumme, W.G., Vurro, F., Topa, D., Bindi, L., Bente, K., Shimizu, M. (2008) Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the sulfosalt sub-committee of the IMA Commission on Ore Mineralogy. European Journal of Mineralogy: 20: 7-46.
Schultz, P., Nietschke, F., Wagner, G., Eikemeier, C., Eisenburger, L., Oeckler, O. (2017): The crystal structures of Pb5Sb4S11 (Boulangerite) – a phase transition explains seemingly contradictory structure models. Zeitschrift für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie 643, 1531-1542.
Internet Links for Falkmanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1446.html
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Localities for Falkmanite
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| McQueen, Kenneth G. (1987): A second occurrence of falkmanite: Pinnacles Mine, Broken Hill, New South Wales. Canadian Mineralogist 25, 15-19; Econ Geol (1994) 89: 778-790; McQueen, K. G. (1987). A Second Occurrence of Falkmanite: Pinnacles Mine, Broken Hill. New South Wales. The Canadian Mineralogist, 25(1), 15-19. |
| Fleminig, MJ etal; the Geology of the Woodcutters lead-zinc-silver mine, 1994 AusIMM Annual COnference, The AUstraluan Institute of Mining and Metallurgy;; Fleming, MJ etal; the Geology of the Woodcutters lead-zinc-silver mine, 1994 AusIMM Annual Conference, The Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy; USGS Woodcutters deposit in Northern Territory, Australia |
Bolivia | |
| Kempff, O., Paar, W.H., Tawackoli, S.: "Minerales de Bolivia", 115pp (La Paz, 2009) |
China | |
| Jiajun Liu, Yongliang Xing, Jianping Wang, Degao Zhai, Meijuan Yao, Shenghua Wu, and Chao Fu (2010): Journal of Jilin University, Earth Science Edition 55(3), 565-572; Xiangdong Wang, Xinbiao Lü, Wei Mei, Rankun Tang, and Chuncheng Li (2014): Mineral Deposits 33(2), 406-418 |
| Xilong Wang, Jiajun Liu, Degao Zhai, Yongqiang Yang, Jianping Wang, Qibin Zhang, Anli Zhang, Yanlin Li, Xiaoliang Wang, and Zenghai Yang (2014): Geoscience 28(1), 73-86 |
Germany | |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990; Knauer, E. and Richter, P. (1968): Ore minerals in the gold quartz veins near Brandholz, in the Fichtelgebirge. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1968, 463-471 (in German). |
| [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"] |
Greece | |
| Voudouris, P., Melfos, V., Spry, P. G., Bonsall, T., Tarkian, M. & Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (2008): Mineralogical and fluid inclusion constraints on the evolution of the Plaka intrusion-related ore system, Lavrion, Greece. Mineralogy and Petrology 93, 79-110 |
Kosovo | |
| Féraud J. (1979) - La mine " Stari-Trg " (Trepca, Yougoslavie) et ses richesses minéralogiques. Avec la collaboration de Mari D. et G. (1979) Minéraux et Fossiles, n° 59-60, p. 19-28 |
Republic of Macedonia | |
| Janković, S.R. (1993): Metallogenic features of the Alšar epithermal Sb-As-Tl-Au deposit (The Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 166, 25-41. |
Russia | |
| Ivashchenko, V. I., & Lavrov, О. В. (2006) Ore Deposits and Occurrences in the North Ladoga Region, Southwest Karelia. in Ore Deposits And Occurrences In The North Ladoga Region, Southwest Karelia Field Trip Guidebook. Understanding the genesis of ore deposits to meet the demands of the 21st century 12th Quadrennial IAGOD Symposium 2006. Moscow. P.41-64. |
Serbia | |
| Cissarz, A. & Rakic, S. (1957): The lead and zinc deposit of Crveni Breg at Avalaberg near Belgrade. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 90, 91-111. |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević, Jovica N. Stojanović, Ana S. Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Vladan D. Kašić (2013): Polymetallic mineralization of the Boranja orefield, Podrinje Metallogenic District, Serbia: zonality, mineral associations and genetic features. Periodico di Mineralogia, 82, 61-87. |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p |
| Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p |
Sweden | |
| Robinson, S.C. (1948): The Identity of falkmanite and yenerite with boulangerite. American Mineralogist 33: 716-723 |
Bayerland Mine, Pfaffenreuth, Leonberg, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany