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Ferrosilite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About FerrosiliteHide

Formula:
Fe2+2Si2O6
Simplified: FeSiO3.
Colour:
Dark brown to black
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.60 - 4.00
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Originally a hypothetical mineral named by Henry Stevens Washington [1867-1934] in 1903. First used to name natural material in 1935 by Norman L. Bowen.
Enstatite-Ferrosilite Series

Note: The name has been used in the past to describe the monoclinic dimorph clinoferrosilite, with the orthorhombic dimorph having the name orthoferrosilite so be careful when reading older texts.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1528
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1528:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
06757b54-48fa-4ad1-90c7-5ff4db6c4a7f

Classification of FerrosiliteHide

TRI__b91f3b71ec67273696a975a76a5020ab.png

Previous petrological nomenclature of clinopyroxenes from basaltic magmas. Note this is not the current usage of the name! (after Poldervaart & Hess, 1951)

IMA Classification of FerrosiliteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
9.DA.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
65.1.2.2

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
14.19.2

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
19 : Silicates of Fe

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
FsIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
FsKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
FsSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
FsWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
FslThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of FerrosiliteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of FerrosiliteHide

Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Dark brown to black
Streak:
Pale gray brown
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Very Good
{210}
Parting:
{100}, {010}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Density:
3.60 - 4.00 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of FerrosiliteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.710 - 1.767 nβ = 1.723 - 1.770 nγ = 1.726 - 1.788
Birefringence:
0.016-0.021
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.016 - 0.021
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v moderate
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X pinkish brown, Z greenish brown

Chemistry of FerrosiliteHide

Mindat Formula:
Fe2+2Si2O6

Simplified: FeSiO3.
Common Impurities:
Ca,Na,K,Al,Co,Ni,Mn,Ti,Cr

Crystallography of FerrosiliteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbca
Cell Parameters:
a = 18.43 Å, b = 9.08 Å, c = 5.23 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.03 : 1 : 0.576
Unit Cell V:
875.21 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Usually in elongated grains; rare crystals are bladed to prismatic.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000247FerrosiliteBurnham C W, Ohashi Y, Hafner S S, Virgo D (1971) Cation distribution and atomic thermal vibrations in an iron-rich orthopyroxene American Mineralogist 56 850-87619710293
0000362FerrosiliteSmyth J R (1973) An orthopyroxene structure up to 850 C American Mineralogist 58 636-64819730293
0000363FerrosiliteSmyth J R (1973) An orthopyroxene structure up to 850 C note temperature factors for O1b appear incorrect American Mineralogist 58 636-64819730448
0000364FerrosiliteSmyth J R (1973) An orthopyroxene structure up to 850 C American Mineralogist 58 636-64819730553
0000365FerrosiliteSmyth J R (1973) An orthopyroxene structure up to 850 C American Mineralogist 58 636-64819730773
0000366FerrosiliteSmyth J R (1973) An orthopyroxene structure up to 850 C American Mineralogist 58 636-64819730973
0000367FerrosiliteSmyth J R (1973) An orthopyroxene structure up to 850 C American Mineralogist 58 636-648197301123
0000487FerrosiliteSueno S, Cameron M, Prewitt C T (1976) Orthoferrosilite: High-temperature crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 61 38-5319760297
0000488FerrosiliteSueno S, Cameron M, Prewitt C T (1976) Orthoferrosilite: High-temperature crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 61 38-5319760673
0000489FerrosiliteSueno S, Cameron M, Prewitt C T (1976) Orthoferrosilite: High-temperature crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 61 38-5319760873
0000490FerrosiliteSueno S, Cameron M, Prewitt C T (1976) Orthoferrosilite: High-temperature crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 61 38-53197601073
0000491FerrosiliteSueno S, Cameron M, Prewitt C T (1976) Orthoferrosilite: High-temperature crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 61 38-53197601173
0000492FerrosiliteSueno S, Cameron M, Prewitt C T (1976) Orthoferrosilite: High-temperature crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 61 38-53197601253
0019860FerrosiliteAbdu Y A, Hawthorne F C (2013) Local structure in C2/c clinopyroxenes on the hedenbergite (CaFeSi2O6)- ferrosilite (Fe2Si2O6) join: A new interpretation for the Mossbauer spectra of Ca-rich C2/c clinopyroxenes and implications for pyroxene exsolution Note split-M2-O2-O3 model American Mineralogist 98 1227-12342013synthetic0293
0008004FerrosiliteHugh-Jones D A, Chopelas A, Angel R J (1997) Tetrahedral compression in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 orthopyroxenes Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 301-31019970293
0008005FerrosiliteHugh-Jones D A, Chopelas A, Angel R J (1997) Tetrahedral compression in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 orthopyroxenes Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 301-31019970.83293
0008006FerrosiliteHugh-Jones D A, Chopelas A, Angel R J (1997) Tetrahedral compression in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 orthopyroxenes Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 301-31019971.71293
0008007FerrosiliteHugh-Jones D A, Chopelas A, Angel R J (1997) Tetrahedral compression in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 orthopyroxenes Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 301-31019972.84293
0008008FerrosiliteHugh-Jones D A, Chopelas A, Angel R J (1997) Tetrahedral compression in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 orthopyroxenes Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 301-31019973.65293
0019764FerrosiliteWeber H P (1983) Ferrosilite III, the high-temperature polymorph of FeSiO3 Acta Crystallographica C39 1-31983synthetic at 2 GPa and 1523 K for 20 h0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
6.45 Å(30)
4.61 Å(90)
3.23 Å(70)
3.00 Å(80)
2.91 Å(100)
2.59 Å(40)
2.52 Å(30)
1.781 Å(20)
Comments:
21-0721 (synthetic); 31-0635 (magnesian ferrosilite)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust>4.4-3.0
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks
20 : Acidic volcanic rocks
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)

Synonyms of FerrosiliteHide

Other Language Names for FerrosiliteHide

Relationship of Ferrosilite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
Donpeacorite(Mn,Mg)MgSi2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
EnstatiteMg2Si2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
ProtoenstatiteMg2Si2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
7 photos of Ferrosilite associated with AlmandineFe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
6 photos of Ferrosilite associated with FayaliteFe2+2SiO4
6 photos of Ferrosilite associated with IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
6 photos of Ferrosilite associated with RoedderiteK(◻Na)Mg2Mg3[Si12O30]
4 photos of Ferrosilite associated with QuartzSiO2
3 photos of Ferrosilite associated with Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
2 photos of Ferrosilite associated with Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
2 photos of Ferrosilite associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
2 photos of Ferrosilite associated with WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
1 photo of Ferrosilite associated with L5 chondrite meteorite

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.DA.ProtoenstatiteMg2Si2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
9.DA.RyabchikoviteCuMgSi2O6Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DA.ColomeraiteNaTi3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.05Donpeacorite(Mn,Mg)MgSi2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.DA.05EnstatiteMg2Si2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.DA.10ClinoenstatiteMgSiO3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DA.10ClinoferrosiliteFe2+2Si2O6Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DA.10KanoiteMn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DA.10Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DA.15Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15DiopsideCaMgSi2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15EsseneiteCaFe3+[AlSiO6]Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15 vaJeffersoniteCa(Mn,Zn,Fe)Si2O6
9.DA.15JohannseniteCaMn2+Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15PetedunniteCa(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15DavisiteCaScAlSiO6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15KushiroiteCaAl[AlSiO6]Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15GrossmaniteCaTi3+ AlSiO6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.20Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.20Omphacite(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6Mon. 2/m
9.DA.25AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25JadeiteNa(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25JervisiteNaSc3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25KosmochlorNaCrSi2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25NamansiliteNaMn3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25NatalyiteNaV3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25Tissintite(Ca,Na,◻)AlSi2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.30SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.35HiroseiteFeSiO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma

Fluorescence of FerrosiliteHide

Not fluorescent

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Ferrosilite in petrologyHide

Internet Links for FerrosiliteHide

References for FerrosiliteHide

Localities for FerrosiliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria
 
  • Djanet Province
    • Djanet District
L. Latouche : "L'orthoferrosilite et les roches associées de la région des Gour Oumeladen (N.E. Ahaggar, Algérie)
  • Tamanrasset Province (Tamanghasset Province)
    • Tamanrasset District
Bendaoud et al. (2003)
Angola
 
  • Huambo Province
    • Jolomba
Sighinolfi et al. (1990)
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Victoria Land
      • Allan Hills
Graham (1979)
Argentina
 
  • La Pampa Province
    • Realicó Department
Saavedra et al. (2016)
Australia
 
  • Victoria
    • Macedon Ranges
Sutton (2017)
    • Macedon Ranges Shire
      • Malmsbury
Sutton & Mills (2012)
  • Western Australia
    • Coolgardie Shire
      • Nepean
Simpson (1948)
Austria
 
  • Styria
    • Südoststeiermark District
      • Klöch
Taucher et al. (1998)
Brazil
 
  • Pará
    • Marabá
Campo-Rodríguez et al. (2021)
Cameroon
 
  • Northwest Region
    • Donga-Mantung
      • Nkambe
Tetsopgang et al. (2003)
Canada
 
  • Manitoba
    • Thompson Nickel Belt
      • Moab-Setting Lakes area
mineral chemistry et al. (3) +1 other reference
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Labrador
      • Carol Lake
Klein (1966)
Waard
Berg et al. (1976)
      • Wabush Lake
Klein (1966)
www.geosurv.gov.nf.ca/gacmap/LAB2.html.
    • Newfoundland
      • Baie Verte Peninsula
        • King's Point
Miller et al. (1995)
  • Nova Scotia
    • Halifax Co.
Owen et al. (1988)
  • Nunavut
    • Kitikmeot Region
Can. Mineral. (1993)
    • Qikiqtaaluk Region
      • Baffin Island
Deer
  • Ontario
    • Parry Sound District
      • Georgian Bay
Grew et al. (2010)
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Killala Lake Area
Sage (1987)
  • Québec
    • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
      • La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM
        • Réservoir-Dozois
Olivier Langelier Collection
    • Outaouais
      • Pontiac RCM
        • Otter Lake
Daryl Macfarland
  • Saskatchewan
Steadman et al. (2015)
China
 
  • Hunan
    • Chenzhou
      • Yizhang Co.
        • Dongpo ore field
Yingjun Liu et al. (1983)
  • Jiangxi
    • Fuzhou
      • Chongren Co.
Yaohui Jiang et al. (2005)
  • Xinjiang
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Yizhou District
        • Baishiquan ore district
Fengmei Chai et al. (2006)
Finland
 
  • South Ostrobothnia
    • Seinäjoki-Lapua
Henry (1935) +1 other reference
France
 
  • Occitanie
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Reynès
Berbain et al. (2005)
Germany
 
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Märkischer Kreis
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
Bender et al. (1994)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Ahrweiler
      • Brohltal
        • Glees
Blass et al. (2006)
        • Spessart
          • Hannebach
Blass (2010)
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Maifeld
        • Ochtendung
Blass
      • Mendig
        • Mendig
Blass et al. (2006)
Blass et al. (2006)
          • Wingertsberg
Blass et al. (2006)
      • Pellenz
        • Kruft
Blass et al. (2006)
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
Blass et al. (2006)
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Tokaj District
Mineral Species of Hungary
India
 
  • Andhra Pradesh
    • Krishna District
Leelanandam
  • Karnataka
    • Bangalore Urban District
Anantha Iyer et al. (1975)
Anantha Iyer et al. (1975)
  • Tamil Nadu
    • Chennai District
Howie
    • Namakkal District
      • Nainamalai Adivaram
N. Subba Reddy (1982)
Indian Ocean
 
Maciąg et al. (2019)
Italy
 
  • Sicily
    • Metropolitan City of Messina
      • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
        • Lipari
Ciriotti et al. (2011)
Japan
 
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
    • Kagoshima District
      • Mishima village
PXRD by John Attard
PXRD by John Attard
  • Kanagawa Prefecture
    • Ashigarakami District
Kuno
      • Yamakita
Kuno
    • Ashigarashimo District
      • Yugawara
Kuno
  • Okayama Prefecture
    • Takahashi City
      • Bitchū
        • Shitouyouze
Matsueda (1980)
  • Wakayama Prefecture
    • Higashimuro district
      • Kushimoto
Analyses by Dr Shinichi Kuramoto and Dr ...
    • Shingu City
Analyses by Dr Shinichi Kuramoto and Dr ...
Kenya
 
  • Kajiado County
Rocky Mountain (53rd)
Lithuania
 
  • Panevėžys County
    • Panevėžys City Municipality
Mason B. (1979)
Mongolia
 
  • Dornogovi Province
    • Erdene District
Savina et al. (2020)
New Zealand
 
  • Bay of Plenty Region
    • Rotorua District
      • Okataina
Hiess et al. (2007)
J. W. COLE et al. (Whakaari)
  • Northland Region
ganko.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp (n.d.)
Northwest Africa Meteorites
 
Xia et al. (2021)
www.lpi.usra.edu (2015) +5 other references
Norway
 
  • Agder
    • Flekkefjord
Deer
  • Nordland
    • Hadsel
      • Hadseløya
Devaraju et al. (1974)
    • Narvik
      • Ballangen
        • Råna
          • Bruvann ore field
Phillip Betancourt
Philippines
 
  • Luzon
    • Bicol Region
      • Albay Province
Ruth et al. (2021)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Kłodzko County
      • Gmina Nowa Ruda
Borkowska M. 1985 - Skały gabrowe ...
  • Pomeranian Voivodeship
    • Kościerzyna County
      • Gmina Kościerzyna
Krzemińska E. & Bagiński B. 2003: THE KOŚCIERZYNA AND ŻARNOWIEC ENDERBITES ( N-POLAND)
    • Puck County
      • Gmina Krokowa
Krzemińska E. & Bagiński B. 2003: THE KOŚCIERZYNA AND ŻARNOWIEC ENDERBITES ( N-POLAND)
Romania
 
  • Maramureș County
    • Târgu Lăpuș
Hîrtopanu (2006) +3 other references
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Argayashsky District
Am Min 90:1402-1412 (deposit item)
Dugushkina et al. (2023)
    • Kaslinsky District
      • Kasli
Safina et al. (2015)
    • Korkinsky District
Sharygin et al. (2010)
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Lake Baikal area
      • Slyudyanka
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Ayan-Maya district
      • Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif
Barkov et al. (2016) +1 other reference
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District
Shchukina et al. (Vol. 473, No. 1, pp. 333-337)
  • Kurgan Oblast
Erokhin et al. (2017, December)
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Khibiny Massif
Yakovenchuk et al. (2008)
Smol’kin et al. (2023)
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Khasansky District
Timofeeva et al. (2014)
    • Olginsky District
Kazachenko et al. (2013)
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Suojärvi District
Коневин et al. (2020)
  • Sakha
    • Tomponsky District
Trunilina et al. (2024)
    • Verkhoyansk District
      • Yana River Basin
        • Yana-Adycha Region
Trunilina et al. (2024)
  • Saratov Oblast
    • Pavlovka
Bunch (1975)
  • Sayan Mountains
    • Il’chir ophiolite belt
      • Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif)
Tatarinov et al. (2021)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Žarnovica District
      • Nová Baňa
Koděra (1986)
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
    • Namakwa District Municipality
      • Khâi-Ma Local Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
South Korea
 
Lee (ed) +7 other references
Spain
 
  • Galicia
    • Pontevedra
      • A Cañiza
Martin-Izard et al. (1995)
Sweden
 
  • Gävleborg County
    • Ljusdal
      • Los
Henry (1935)
    • Ovanåker
  • Södermanland County
    • Nyköping
      • Tunaberg
Sundius (1932) +1 other reference
UK
 
  • Scotland
    • Aberdeenshire
      • Strathdon
        • Glenbuchat
Henry (1935) +1 other reference
    • Highland
      • North, West and Central Sutherland
Muir
      • Strathpeffer and Lochalsh
        • Wester Ross
          • Glenelg
            • Ratagain Intrusion
Henry (1935) +2 other references
      • Wester Ross, Strathpeffer and Lochalsh
        • Lochalsh
          • Dornie
            • Keppoch
Render (n.d.)
    • North Ayrshire
...
Ukraine
 
  • Donetsk Oblast
    • Azov Sea Region
      • Eastern Azov area
Sharygin et al. (2014)
  • Kirovohrad Oblast
Gurov et al. (2015)
USA
 
  • California
    • Riverside County
      • Riverside
Larsen et al. (1948 [1950])
  • Maine
    • Piscataquis County
      • Big Moose Township
Espenshade
      • Little Moose Township
Espenshade
  • Montana
    • Madison County
      • Ruby Range
Hanbook of Mineralogy
  • New Hampshire
    • Carroll County
      • Bartlett
Rocks&Min. 76:256
  • New York
    • Orange County
NY State Museum spec. no. 15862
  • North Carolina
    • Alexander County
      • Hiddenite
Speer et al. (2008)
    • Macon County
      • Cowee Valley
        • Ellijay Mining District
          • Franklin
EL-Shazley et al. (2011)
  • Oregon
    • Klamath County
- (Bill Wise, Northern California Mineralogical Association spring 2003 newsletter) +1 other reference
  • Utah
    • Wayne County
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
The Moon
 
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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