Fillowite
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About Fillowite
Formula:
Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9
formerly given, i.a., as: {Mn2+}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mn2+,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36; the above IMA formula is wrong
Colour:
Greenish yellow to yellow green, yellowish brown, reddish brown; colourless; colourless to yellow in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
3.43
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named by George J. Brush and Edward S. Dana in 1879 in honor of Abijah N. Fillow of Branchville [b. October 24, 1822 - November 10, 1895], Connecticut, USA, original owner and operator of the Branchville pegmatite and mine, as well as railroad station manager of Branchville Station, and who first collected the rare manganese phosphates that made the locality famous.
Classification of Fillowite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Approval history:
Formula redefitition: https://www.eur-j-mineral.net/32/275/2020/
7/A.08-20
8.AC.50
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
38.2.9.1
38.2.5.1
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
19.12.30
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
Physical Properties of Fillowite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Sub-resinous to greasy.
Colour:
Greenish yellow to yellow green, yellowish brown, reddish brown; colourless; colourless to yellow in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, nearly perfect.
On {001}, nearly perfect.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.43 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.48(6) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Am Min 74:918 structure
Optical Data of Fillowite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.671 - 1.672 nε = 1.676
Birefringence:
0.005
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.005

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Comments:
May be anomalously biaxial (+). 1.672, 1.672, 1.676. 2V = 30°
Chemical Properties of Fillowite
Formula:
Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9
formerly given, i.a., as: {Mn2+}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mn2+,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36; the above IMA formula is wrong
formerly given, i.a., as: {Mn2+}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mn2+,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36; the above IMA formula is wrong
IMA Formula:
Na2CaMn2+7(PO4)6
Crystallography of Fillowite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Setting:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.25 Å, c = 43.32 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.841
Unit Cell V:
8,724.87 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
18
Morphology:
Granular crystalline masses, rarely as tiny <<1 mm pseudo-cubic rhombohedra in intergrown columns (<< 1 mm).
Comment:
ICDD 18-516; Am Min 74:918 structure
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000842 | Fillowite | Araki T, Moore P B (1981) Fillowite, Na2Ca(Mn,Fe)7(PO4)6: Its crystal structure American Mineralogist 66 827-842 | ![]() | 1981 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
11.4 Å | (40) |
8.49 Å | (20) |
3.79 Å | (40) |
3.02 Å | (70) |
2.81 Å | (100) |
2.55 Å | (60) |
2.16 Å | (20) |
1.888 Å | (40) |
Comments:
ICDD 18-516
Type Occurrence of Fillowite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granite Pegmatite containing lithiophilite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Fillowite
Varieties of Fillowite
Mg-Fillowite | Mg-rich fillowite |
Relationship of Fillowite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chladniite | Na3CaMg11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Galileiite | Na3Fe2+Fe2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 | Trig. |
Stornesite-(Y) | {(Y, Ca)}{Na6◻2}{(Ca,Na)8}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
3 photos of Fillowite associated with Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 |
1 photo of Fillowite associated with Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
1 photo of Fillowite associated with Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn2+13Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 |
1 photo of Fillowite associated with Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
8.AC. | Angarfite | NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4 · 4H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
8.AC. | Wopmayite | Ca6Na3◻Mn(PO4)3(PO3OH)4 | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.AC.X | Dyrnaesite-(La) | Na8Ce4+(La,REE)2(PO4)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
8.AC. | Edtollite | K2NaCu5Fe3+O2(AsO4)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AC. | Alumoedtollite | K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AC.05 | Howardevansite | NaCuFe2(VO4)3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AC.10 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
8.AC.10 | Arseniopleite | NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AC.10 | Caryinite | (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)CaMn2+2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AC.10 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Johillerite | Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Maghagendorfite | (Na,◻)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
8.AC.10 | Nickenichite | Na0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Ferrohagendorfite | NaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
8.AC.10 | Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Yazganite | NaFe3+2(Mg,Mn2+)(AsO4)3 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Groatite | NaCaMn2(PO4)[PO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.15 | Bobfergusonite | Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
8.AC.15 | Ferrowyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.15 | Qingheiite | NaMn3+Mg(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.15 | Rosemaryite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.15 | Wyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AC.15 | Ferrorosemaryite | ◻NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3 | Mon. |
8.AC.15 | Qingheiite-(Fe2+) | Na2Fe2+MgAl(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
8.AC.18 | Manitobaite | Na16Mn2+25Al8(PO4)30 | Mon. m : Pb |
8.AC.20 | Marićite | NaFe2+(PO4) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
8.AC.25 | Berzeliite | (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
8.AC.25 | Manganberzeliite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
8.AC.25 | Palenzonaite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(VO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
8.AC.25 | Schäferite | (NaCa2)Mg2(VO4)3 | Iso. |
8.AC.30 | Brianite | Na2CaMg(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.35 | Vitusite-(Ce) | Na3(Ce,La,Nd)(PO4)2 | Orth. mm2 : Pca21 |
8.AC.40 | Olgite | (Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
8.AC.40 | Bario-olgite | (Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 · | Trig. 3 : P3 |
8.AC.45 | Strontiowhitlockite | Sr9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.AC.45 | Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.AC.45 | Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
8.AC.45 | Tuite | Ca3(PO4)2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
8.AC.45 | Ferromerrillite | Ca9NaFe2+(PO4)7 | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.AC.50 | Chladniite | Na3CaMg11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
8.AC.50 | Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 | Trig. |
8.AC.50 | Galileiite | Na3Fe2+Fe2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
8.AC.50 | Stornesite-(Y) | {(Y, Ca)}{Na6◻2}{(Ca,Na)8}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
8.AC.50 | Xenophyllite | Na4Fe2+7(PO4)6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AC.55 | Harrisonite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2 | Trig. |
8.AC.60 | Kosnarite | KZr2(PO4)3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
8.AC.65 | Panethite | (Na,Ca)2(Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.70 | Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 | Mon. |
8.AC.75 | Ronneburgite | K2MnV4O12 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AC.80 | Tillmannsite | Ag3Hg[(V,As)O4] | Tet. 4 : I4 |
8.AC.85 | Filatovite | K(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8 | Mon. 2/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
38.2.5.2 | Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 | Trig. |
38.2.5.3 | Chladniite | Na3CaMg11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
19.12.1 | Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.2 | Bermanite | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.3 | Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.4 | Sidorenkite | Na3Mn2+(CO3)(PO4) | Mon. |
19.12.5 | Niahite | (NH4)(Mn2+,Mg)(PO4) · H2O | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
19.12.6 | Robertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
19.12.7 | Pararobertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.8 | Sinkankasite | Mn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH) · 6H2O | Tric. |
19.12.9 | Mangangordonite | Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. |
19.12.10 | Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.11 | Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.12 | Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.13 | Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.14 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Tet. |
19.12.15 | Frondelite | Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
19.12.16 | Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
19.12.17 | Kryzhanovskite | (Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3 | Orth. |
19.12.18 | Landesite | Mn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O | Orth. |
19.12.19 | Phosphoferrite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.20 | Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.21 | Earlshannonite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
19.12.22 | Hureaulite | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.23 | Switzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O | Mon. |
19.12.24 | Laueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.25 | Pseudolaueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.26 | Strunzite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.27 | Stewartite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.28 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
19.12.29 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.31 | Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 | Trig. |
19.12.32 | Wicksite | NaCa2(Fe2+,Mn2+)4MgFe3+(PO4)6 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
19.12.33 | Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | (KNa)(Mn2+◻)Ca(Na2Na)Mn2+13Al(PO4)11(PO4)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.34 | Sarcopside | (Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)3(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.35 | Ludlamite | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.36 | Graftonite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.37 | Wilhelmvierlingite | CaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O | Orth. |
19.12.38 | Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.39 | Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 | Mon. |
19.12.40 | Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.41 | Jahnsite-(CaMnFe) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.42 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMn) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.43 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.44 | Keckite | CaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.45 | Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 | Mon. |
19.12.46 | Laubmannite | ||
19.12.47 | Zodacite | Ca4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O | Mon. |
19.12.48 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.49 | Maghagendorfite | (Na,◻)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
19.12.50 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.51 | Griphite | Na4Li2Ca6(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)19Al8(PO4)24(F,OH)8 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
19.12.52 | Attakolite | CaMn2+Al4(SiO3OH)(PO4)3(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
19.12.53 | Arrojadite-(KFe) | (KNa)(Fe2+◻)Ca(Na2◻)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 | Mon. |
19.12.54 | Lun'okite | (Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
19.12.55 | Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca |
19.12.56 | Ernstite | (Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O | Mon. |
19.12.57 | Childrenite | Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mm2 : Ccc2 |
19.12.58 | Bobfergusonite | Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.59 | Qingheiite | NaMn3+Mg(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.60 | Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.61 | Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m |
19.12.62 | Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.63 | Rittmannite | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. |
19.12.64 | Zanazziite | Ca2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.65 | Samuelsonite | (Ca,Ba)Ca8Fe2+2Mn2+2Al2(PO4)10(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Fluorescence of Fillowite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Fillowite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Brush and Dana (1879) American Journal of Science: 17: 363.
Brush and Dana (1879) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 3: 578.
Brush and Dana (1890) American Journal of Science: 39: 215 (Wells' analysis).
Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 75.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 719-720.
American Mineralogist (1965) 50:1647.
American Mineralogist (1981): 66: 827-842.
Internet Links for Fillowite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1549.html
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Localities for Fillowite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 36,pp. 367-376 (1998) |
| Hughes, Steven G. (1995) Internal Zonation and Mineralogy of the Brazil Lake Pegmatite. Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, Saint Mary's University. |
China | |
| Ma Zhesheng, Shi Nicheng, and Ye Danian (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 48(5), 635-646. |
France | |
| FONTAN, F. (1971) Pegmatites phospholithinifères des massifs d'Arize, d'Aston et des Albères. Thèse 3ème cycle Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, p 87-99 |
BERBAIN. C, IOB. S, ROATTINO. T, RILEY. T, (2016). Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères 2ème partie : zones minéralisées. Ed Association française de Microminéralogie, | |
Poland | |
| Pieczka, A., Biagioni, C., Gołębiowska, B., Jeleń, P., Pasero, M., & Sitarz, M. (2018). Parafiniukite, Ca2Mn3 (PO4) 3Cl, a New Member of the Apatite Supergroup from the Szklary Pegmatite, Lower Silesia, Poland: Description and Crystal Structure. Minerals, 8(11), 485. |
Rwanda | |
| Jaroslav Hyrsl and Excalibur Mineral Co. specimens |
| Daltry, V.D.C. and von Knorring, O. (1998) Type-mineralogy of Rwanda with particular reference to the Buranga pegmatite. Geologica Belgica: 1: 9-15. |
Can Mineral April 1998 v. 36 no. 2 p. 355-366 | |
Spain | |
| Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p. |
Uganda | |
| American Mineralogist, Volume 66, pages 827-842, 1981 |
USA | |
| London, D., Burt, D.M. (1982) Alteration of spodumene, montebrasite and lithiophilite in pegmatites of the White Picacho district, Arizona. American Mineralogist: 67: 97-113. |
| Brush and Dana (1878); American Mineralogist (1946): 31: 329-345; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 720.; Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409 |
| unverified Rob Lavinsky specimen |
| Falster, A. , W.B. Simmons & P.B. Moore (1988) Fillowite, Lithiophilite, Heterosite/Purpurite and Allvaudite--Varulite Group Minerals from a Pegmatite in Florence County, WI, Abst. 15th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Rocks and Minerals: 63(6) p. 455. Falster, A. , W.B. Simmons & P.B. Moore (1996) The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Animikie Red Ace pegmatite in Florence County, Wisconsin: Recent Research Developments in Mineralogy: 1: 7-67. |
Richardson, P., A.U. Falster & W. B. Simmons (1996) A new locality for nigerite in Florence County, Wisconsin: Mineral News: July, 1996, page 4. |
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Fillow Quarry, Branchville, Redding, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA