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Fillowite

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Fillowite, etc.

Kiluli, Western Province, Rwanda
Fillowite

Fillow Quarry, Branchville, Redding, Fairfield Co., Connecticut, USA
Fillowite

Kiluli, Western Province, Rwanda
Fillowite, etc.

Kiluli, Western Province, Rwanda
Fillowite

Fillow Quarry, Branchville, Redding, Fairfield Co., Connecticut, USA
Fillowite

Kiluli, Western Province, Rwanda
Fillowite, etc.

Kiluli, Western Province, Rwanda
Fillowite

Fillow Quarry, Branchville, Redding, Fairfield Co., Connecticut, USA
Abijah N. Fillow
Formula:
{Mn2+}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mn2+,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36
Colour:
Greenish yellow to yellow green, yellowish brown, reddish brown; colourless; colourless to yellow in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
3.43
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Fillowite Group
Name:
Named by George J. Brush and Edward S. Dana in 1879 in honor of Abijah N. Fillow of Branchville [b. October 24, 1822 - November 10, 1895], Connecticut, USA, original owner and operator of the Branchville pegmatite and mine, as well as railroad station manager of Branchville Station, and who first collected the rare manganese phosphates that made the locality famous.
Fillowite Group.


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Classification of FillowiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
7/A.08-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
8.AC.50

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
38.2.9.1
Dana 8th ed.:
38.2.5.1

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.12.30

19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn

Physical Properties of FillowiteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Sub-resinous to greasy.
Colour:
Greenish yellow to yellow green, yellowish brown, reddish brown; colourless; colourless to yellow in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, nearly perfect.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.43 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.42-3.54 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Am Min 74:918 structure

Optical Data of FillowiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.671 - 1.672 nε = 1.676
Birefringence:
0.005
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.005
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Comments:
May be anomalously biaxial (+). 1.672, 1.672, 1.676. 2V = 30°

Chemical Properties of FillowiteHide

Formula:
{Mn2+}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mn2+,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36
IMA Formula:
Na2CaMn2+7(PO4)6
Idealised Formula:
Na2Ca(Mn,Fe)7(PO4)6
Elements listed:
Ca, Mn, Na, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of FillowiteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Setting:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.25 Å, c = 43.32 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.841
Unit Cell V:
8,724.87 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
18
Morphology:
Granular crystalline masses, rarely as tiny <<1 mm pseudo-cubic rhombohedra in intergrown columns (<< 1 mm).
Comment:
ICDD 18-516; Am Min 74:918 structure

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
11.4 (40)
8.49 (20)
3.79 (40)
3.02 (70)
2.81 (100)
2.55 (60)
2.16 (20)
1.888 (40)
Comments:
ICDD 18-516

Type Occurrence of FillowiteHide

Other Language Names for FillowiteHide

German:Fillowit
Simplified Chinese:锰磷矿
Spanish:Fillowita

Varieties of FillowiteHide

Mg-FillowiteMg-rich fillowite

Relationship of Fillowite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Fillowite Group
Other Members of this group:
Chladniite{Ca}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36Trig. 3 : R3
Galileiite{Fe2+}{Na8}{Fe2+4Na4}{Fe2+43}(PO4)36Trig. 3 : R3
JohnsomervilleiteNa10Ca6Mg18Fe25(PO4)36Trig.
Stornesite-(Y){(Y, Ca)}{Na6◻2}{(Ca,Na)8}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36Trig. 3 : R3
XenophylliteNa4Fe2+7(PO4)6Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Beusite3 photos of Fillowite associated with Beusite on mindat.org.
Heterosite1 photo of Fillowite associated with Heterosite on mindat.org.
Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)1 photo of Fillowite associated with Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) on mindat.org.
Fairfieldite1 photo of Fillowite associated with Fairfieldite on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

8.AC.WopmayiteCa6Na3□Mn(PO4)3(PO3OH)4 Trig. 3m : R3c
8.AC.05HowardevansiteNaCuFe2(VO4)3Tric. 1 : P1
8.AC.10Alluaudite(Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3Mon.
8.AC.10Arseniopleite(Ca,Na)NaMn2+(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)2(AsO4)3Mon. 2/m : P2/b
8.AC.10Caryinite(Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)CaMn2+2(AsO4)3Mon. 2/m
8.AC.10Ferroalluaudite(Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3
8.AC.10HagendorfiteNaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.AC.10JohilleriteNa(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.AC.10Maghagendorfite(□,Na,)(Na,Ca,Fe2+)Mn(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)3(PO4)3Mon.
8.AC.10NickenichiteNa0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.AC.10VaruliteNaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.AC.10FerrohagendorfiteNaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3Mon.
8.AC.10BradaczekiteNaCu4(AsO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.AC.10YazganiteNaFe3+2(Mg,Mn2+)(AsO4)3 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.AC.10GroatiteNaCaMn2(PO4)(HPO4)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.AC.15BobfergusoniteNa2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6Mon. 2/m : P2/b
8.AC.15Ferrowyllieite(Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.AC.15QingheiiteNaMn3+Mg(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.AC.15Rosemaryite(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mg)Al(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.AC.15Wyllieite(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3Mon. 2/m
8.AC.15Ferrorosemaryite◻NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3Mon.
8.AC.15Qingheiite-(Fe2+)Na2Fe2+MgAl(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
8.AC.18ManitobaiteNa16Mn2+ 25Al8(PO4)30Mon. m : Pb
8.AC.20MarićiteNaFe2+(PO4)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
8.AC.25Berzeliite(NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
8.AC.25ManganberzeliiteNaCa2Mn2+2(AsO4)3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
8.AC.25Palenzonaite(Ca,Na)3CaMn2+2(VO4)3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
8.AC.25SchäferiteCa2NaMg2(VO4)3Iso.
8.AC.30BrianiteNa2CaMg(PO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.AC.35Vitusite-(Ce)Na3(Ce,La,Nd)(PO4)2Orth. mm2 : Pca21
8.AC.40Olgite(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
8.AC.40Bario-olgite(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 · Trig. 3 : P3
8.AC.45StrontiowhitlockiteSr9Mg(PO4)6(HPO4)Trig. 3m : R3c
8.AC.45WhitlockiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(HPO4)Trig. 3m : R3c
8.AC.45MerrilliteCa9NaMg(PO4)7Trig. 3m : R3m
8.AC.45TuiteCa3(PO4)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
8.AC.45FerromerrilliteCa9NaFe2+(PO4)7Trig. 3m : R3c
8.AC.45BobdownsiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(PO3F)Trig. 3m : R3c
8.AC.50Chladniite{Ca}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36Trig. 3 : R3
8.AC.50JohnsomervilleiteNa10Ca6Mg18Fe25(PO4)36Trig.
8.AC.50Galileiite{Fe2+}{Na8}{Fe2+4Na4}{Fe2+43}(PO4)36Trig. 3 : R3
8.AC.50Stornesite-(Y){(Y, Ca)}{Na6◻2}{(Ca,Na)8}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36Trig. 3 : R3
8.AC.50XenophylliteNa4Fe2+7(PO4)6Tric. 1 : P1
8.AC.55HarrisoniteCa(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2Trig.
8.AC.60KosnariteKZr2(PO4)3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
8.AC.65Panethite(Na,Ca)2(Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.AC.70StanfielditeCa4Mg5(PO4)6Mon.
8.AC.75RonneburgiteK2MnV4O12Mon. 2/m
8.AC.80Tillmannsite(Ag3Hg)(VO4,AsO4)Tet. 4 : I4
8.AC.85FilatoviteK(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8Mon. 2/m

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

38.2.5.2JohnsomervilleiteNa10Ca6Mg18Fe25(PO4)36Trig.
38.2.5.3Chladniite{Ca}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36Trig. 3 : R3

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

19.12.1MetaswitzeriteMn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.2BermaniteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.3NatrophiliteNaMn2+PO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.4SidorenkiteNa3Mn2+(CO3)(PO4)Mon.
19.12.5Niahite(NH4)(Mn2+,Mg)(PO4) · H2OOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
19.12.6RobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bb
19.12.7PararobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.8SinkankasiteMn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH) · 6H2OTric.
19.12.9MangangordoniteMn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric.
19.12.10Heterosite(Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.11Purpurite(Mn3+,Fe3+)PO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.12Wolfeite(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(PO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.13Triploidite(Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.14LipscombiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2Tet.
19.12.15FrondeliteMn2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
19.12.16RockbridgeiteFe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
19.12.17Kryzhanovskite(Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3Orth.
19.12.18LandesiteMn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2OOrth.
19.12.19Phosphoferrite(Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.20Reddingite(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
19.12.21EarlshannoniteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
19.12.22Hureaulite(Mn,Fe)5(PO4)2(HPO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.23Switzerite(Mn,Fe)3(PO4)2 · 7H2OMon.
19.12.24LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.25PseudolaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.26StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.27StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.28Alluaudite(Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3Mon.
19.12.29Ferroalluaudite(Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3
19.12.31JohnsomervilleiteNa10Ca6Mg18Fe25(PO4)36Trig.
19.12.32WicksiteNaCa2(Fe2+,Mn2+)4MgFe3+(PO4)6 · 2H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
19.12.33Dickinsonite-(KMnNa){KNa}{Mn2+◻}{Ca}{Na3}{Mn2+13}{Al}(PO4)12(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.34Sarcopside(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)3(PO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.35LudlamiteFe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.36GraftoniteFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.37WilhelmvierlingiteCaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OOrth.
19.12.38FairfielditeCa2(Mn2+,Fe2+)(PO4)2 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.39BeusiteMn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2Mon.
19.12.40MesseliteCa2(Fe2+,Mn2+)(PO4)2 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
19.12.41Jahnsite-(CaMnFe){Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.42Jahnsite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.43Jahnsite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.44KeckiteCaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.45StanfielditeCa4Mg5(PO4)6Mon.
19.12.46Laubmannite(Fe2+,Mn2+,Ca)3Fe3+6(PO4)4(OH)12
19.12.47ZodaciteCa4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon.
19.12.48HagendorfiteNaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.49Maghagendorfite(□,Na,)(Na,Ca,Fe2+)Mn(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)3(PO4)3Mon.
19.12.50VaruliteNaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.51GriphiteNa4Li2Ca6(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)19Al8(PO4)24(F,OH)8Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
19.12.52Attakolite(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)4(HPO4,PO4)3(SiO4,PO4)(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
19.12.53Arrojadite-(KFe){KNa}{Fe2+◻}{Ca}{Na2◻}{Fe2+13}{Al}(PO4)11(HPO4)(OH)2Mon.
19.12.54Lun'okite(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
19.12.55EosphoriteMn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca
19.12.56Ernstite(Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2 · H2OMon.
19.12.57ChildreniteFe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mm2 : Ccc2
19.12.58BobfergusoniteNa2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6Mon. 2/m : P2/b
19.12.59QingheiiteNaMn3+Mg(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.60Whiteite-(CaFeMg){Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.61Whiteite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
19.12.62Whiteite-(MnFeMg){(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
19.12.63Rittmannite{(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon.
19.12.64ZanazziiteCa2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
19.12.65Samuelsonite(Ca,Ba)Ca8Fe2+2Mn2+2Al2(PO4)10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Fluorescence of FillowiteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent.

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for FillowiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Brush and Dana (1879) American Journal of Science: 17: 363.
Brush and Dana (1879) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 3: 578.
Brush and Dana (1890) American Journal of Science: 39: 215 (Wells' analysis).
Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 75.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 719-720.
American Mineralogist (1965) 50:1647.
American Mineralogist (1981): 66: 827-842.

Internet Links for FillowiteHide

Localities for FillowiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada
 
  • Manitoba
    • Cross Lake
      • North Group
Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 36,pp. 367-376 (1998)
  • Nova Scotia
    • Yarmouth Co.
Hughes, Steven G., "Internal Zonation and Mineralogy of the Brazil Lake Pegmatite", Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, Saint Mary's University, Augist 1995.
China
 
  • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
    • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
        • Qinghe Co. (Qinggil Co.; Chinggil Co.)
Ma Zhesheng, Shi Nicheng, and Ye Danian (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 48(5), 635-646.
France
 
  • Occitanie
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Albères massif
        • Argelès-sur-Mer
FONTAN, F. (1971) Pegmatites phospholithinifères des massifs d'Arize, d'Aston et des Albères. Thèse 3ème cycle Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, p 87-99
BERBAIN. C, IOB. S, ROATTINO. T, RILEY. T, (2016). Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères 2ème partie : zones minéralisées. Ed Association française de Microminéralogie,
Rwanda
 
  • Western Province
    • Gatumba District
Daltry, V.D.C. and von Knorring, O. (1998) Type-mineralogy of Rwanda with particular reference to the Buranga pegmatite. Geologica Belgica: 1: 9-15.
Can Mineral April 1998 v. 36 no. 2 p. 355-366
Jaroslav Hyrsl and Excalibur Mineral Co. specimens
Spain
 
  • Catalonia
    • Girona (Gerona)
      • Alt Empordà
        • Cadaqués
Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p.
Uganda
 
  • Central Region
    • Masaka District
American Mineralogist, Volume 66, pages 827-842, 1981
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Yavapai Co.
American Mineralogist (1982): 67: 97-113.
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield Co.
      • Redding (Reading)
        • Branchville
Brush and Dana (1878); American Mineralogist (1946): 31: 329-345; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 720.; Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409
  • New Hampshire
    • Cheshire Co.
      • Sullivan
unverified Rob Lavinsky specimen
  • Wisconsin
    • Florence Co.
      • Fern
        • Pine River pegmatites
Falster, A. , W.B. Simmons & P.B. Moore (1988) Fillowite, Lithiophilite, Heterosite/Purpurite and Allvaudite--Varulite Group Minerals from a Pegmatite in Florence County, WI, Abst. 15th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Rocks and Minerals: 63(6) p. 455. Falster, A. , W.B. Simmons & P.B. Moore (1996) The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Animikie Red Ace pegmatite in Florence County, Wisconsin: Recent Research Developments in Mineralogy: 1: 7-67.
Richardson, P., A.U. Falster & W. B. Simmons (1996) A new locality for nigerite in Florence County, Wisconsin: Mineral News: July, 1996, page 4.
Mineral and/or Locality  
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