Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Fizélyite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About FizélyiteHide

01207600014946699199334.jpg
Sándor Fizély
Formula:
Ag5Pb14Sb21S48
In an "Ag-excess fizélyite", Yang et al. (2009) found an additional Ag site (Ag2) with ~21% site occupancy; the formula is Ag5.94Pb13.74Sb20.84S48. This formula actually probably corresponds to ramdohrite.
Colour:
Lead grey to steel gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
5.56
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
After Sándor Fizély (1856–1918), Hungarian mining engineer, who discovered the mineral.
Compositionally close to ramdohrite.

Compare 'UM1979-14-S:AgPbSb'.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1554
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1554:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
d4f79efe-bb49-4c14-a481-559aa402d442

IMA Classification of FizélyiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ag5Pb14Sb21S48
First published:
1923

Classification of FizélyiteHide

2.JB.40a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb
Dana 7th ed.:
3.4.15.8
3.4.15.8

3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
5.7.27

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
FizIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
FizThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of FizélyiteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead grey to steel gray
Streak:
Dark grey
Hardness:
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {101}, quality not stated.
Density:
5.56 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.224 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of FizélyiteHide

Anisotropism:
Without distinct color effects
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm41.6%48.3%
420nm40.6%47.4%
440nm39.6%46.5%
460nm39.3%46.1%
480nm39.0%45.8%
500nm38.8%45.6%
520nm38.4%45.2%
540nm38.0%44.9%
560nm37.8%44.5%
580nm37.4%43.8%
600nm36.9%43.2%
620nm36.3%42.4%
640nm35.6%41.4%
660nm34.8%40.3%
680nm34.0%39.0%
700nm33.0%37.8%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 48.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red

Chemistry of FizélyiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ag5Pb14Sb21S48

In an "Ag-excess fizélyite", Yang et al. (2009) found an additional Ag site (Ag2) with ~21% site occupancy; the formula is Ag5.94Pb13.74Sb20.84S48. This formula actually probably corresponds to ramdohrite.

Crystallography of FizélyiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.21 Å, b = 19.27 Å, c = 8.68 Å
β = 90.4°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.686 : 1 : 0.45
Unit Cell V:
2,209.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Small, deeply striated prisms without terminal faces. Ropey bent and twisted laths. Terminated crystals from Van Silver mine, Canada.
Twinning:
On {010} with two sets of polysynthetic twins parallel to [001] and {001}
Comment:
Space Group: P21/n. Pseudo-orthorhombic.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.34 Å(10)
3.49 Å(5)
2.96 Å(5)
2.89 Å(5)
3.80 Å(4)
2.80 Å(3)
2.77 Å(3)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal veins

Type Occurrence of FizélyiteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, A85134.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Krenner, J., Loczka, J. (1923) Fizélyit, egy új magyar ezüstérc. Matematikai és Természettudományi Értesitö: 40: 18-21.

Synonyms of FizélyiteHide

Other Language Names for FizélyiteHide

Relationship of Fizélyite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
AndreadiniiteCuHgAg7Pb7Sb24S48Mon. 2/m : P21/b
ArsenquatrandoriteAg17.6Pb12.8Sb38.1As11.5S96Mon. 2/m : P21/b
AschamalmitePb6-3xBi2+xS9Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Clino-oscarkempffiteAg15Pb6Sb21Bi18S72Mon. 2/m : P21/b
ErzwiesiteAg8Pb12Bi16S40Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
EskimoiteAg7Pb10Bi15S36Mon.
GustaviteAgPbBi3S6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
HeyrovskýitePb6Bi2S9Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cccm
HolubiteAg3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)S24Mon. 2/m
JasrouxiteAg16Pb4(Sb24As16)S72Tric. 1 : P1
LasmanisiteAg12Pb13Mn11Sb44S96Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
MenchettiiteAgPb2.40Mn1.60Sb3As2S12Mon. 2/m : P21/b
OscarkempffiteAg10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)S48Orth. mm2
OurayiteAg3Pb4Bi5S13Orth.
OyoniteAg3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24Mon. 2/m
QuatrandoriteAgPbSb3S6Mon. 2/m : P21/b
RamdohritePb5.9Fe0.1Mn0.1In0.1Cd0.2Ag2.8Sb10.8S24Mon. 2/m
RoshchiniteAg19Pb10Sb51S96Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
SchirmeritePbAgBi3S6 - Pb3Ag1.5Bi3.5S9Orth.
SenandoriteAgPbSb3S6Orth. mm2 : Pmn21
StaročeskéiteAg0.70Pb1.60(Bi1.35Sb1.35)Σ2.70S6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
TerrywallaceiteAgPb(Sb,Bi)3S6 Mon. 2/m : P21/b
TreasuriteAg7Pb6Bi15S32Mon.
UchucchacuaiteAgMnPb3Sb5S12Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
UstarasitePb(Bi,Sb)6S10 (?)
VikingiteAg5Pb8Bi13S30Mon. 2/m : B2/m
XilingolitePb3Bi2S6Mon.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
43 photos of Fizélyite associated with SemseyitePb9Sb8S21
34 photos of Fizélyite associated with CalciteCaCO3
33 photos of Fizélyite associated with Plumosite
32 photos of Fizélyite associated with SphaleriteZnS
29 photos of Fizélyite associated with BoulangeritePb5Sb4S11
26 photos of Fizélyite associated with SphärosideriteFeCO3
19 photos of Fizélyite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
15 photos of Fizélyite associated with PyriteFeS2
15 photos of Fizélyite associated with Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
15 photos of Fizélyite associated with QuartzSiO2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.JB.SenandoriteAgPbSb3S6Orth. mm2 : Pmn21
2.JB.OscarkempffiteAg10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)S48Orth. mm2
2.JB.ChukotkaiteAgPb7Sb5S15Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.ArsenquatrandoriteAg17.6Pb12.8Sb38.1As11.5S96Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.Clino-oscarkempffiteAg15Pb6Sb21Bi18S72Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.AndreadiniiteCuHgAg7Pb7Sb24S48Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.GinelfiteAg2(Ag0.5Fe)TlPb23.5(Sb,As)33.5S76Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.LazerckeriteAg3.75Pb4.50(Sb7.75Bi4)S24Mon. 2/m
2.JB.LasmanisiteAg12Pb13Mn11Sb44S96Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
2.JB.MontpelvouxiteAgPb16Sb27As18S84Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.SelenojunoiteCu2Pb3Bi8Se16Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.05DiaphoriteAg3Pb2Sb3S8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.10CosalitePb2Bi2S5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.15FreieslebeniteAgPbSbS3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.15MarriteAgPbAsS3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.20CannizzaritePb48Bi56S132Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.20WittitePb9Bi12(S,Se)27Mon.
2.JB.25aJunoiteCu2Pb3Bi8(S,Se)16Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25iNeyiteAg2Cu6Pb25Bi26S68Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25cNordströmiteCuPb3Bi7(Se4S10)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.25gNuffielditeCu1.4Pb2.4Bi2.4Sb0.2S7Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.25dProuditeCuPb7.5Bi9.33(S,Se)22Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25hWeibullitePb5Bi8Se7S11Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25bFelbertaliteCu2Pb6Bi8S19Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25jRouxeliteCu2HgPb23Sb27S65.5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25fÁngelaiteCu2AgPbBiS4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25iCuproneyiteCu7Pb27Bi25S68Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.30aGeocronitePb14Sb6S23Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.30aJordanitePb14As6S23Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.30bKirkiitePb10Bi3As3S19Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.30cTsugaruitePb28As15S50ClOrth. mm2 : Pnn2
2.JB.30aMarcobaldiitePb12(Sb3As2Bi)Σ6S21Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.30aArsenmarcobaldiitePb12(As3.2Sb2.8)Σ6S21Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.35cPillaitePb9Sb10S23ClO0.5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35aZinkenitePb9Sb22S42Hex. 6 : P63
2.JB.35bScainiitePb14Sb30S54O5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35dPellouxite(Cu,Ag)Pb10Sb12S27O(Cl,S)0.6Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35fTubuliteAg2Pb22Sb20S53 Mon. m : Pb
2.JB.35eChovanitePb15-2xSb14+2xS36Ox (x ~ 0.2)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40bAschamalmitePb6-3xBi2+xS9Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40aBursaitePb5Bi4S11 (?)Orth.
2.JB.40bEskimoiteAg7Pb10Bi15S36Mon.
2.JB.40aGustaviteAgPbBi3S6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.40aLillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.40cOurayiteAg3Pb4Bi5S13Orth.
2.JB.40aRamdohritePb5.9Fe0.1Mn0.1In0.1Cd0.2Ag2.8Sb10.8S24Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40aRoshchiniteAg19Pb10Sb51S96Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.40dSchirmeritePbAgBi3S6 - Pb3Ag1.5Bi3.5S9Orth.
2.JB.40aTreasuriteAg7Pb6Bi15S32Mon.
2.JB.40aUchucchacuaiteAgMnPb3Sb5S12Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
2.JB.40eUstarasitePb(Bi,Sb)6S10 (?)
2.JB.40aVikingiteAg5Pb8Bi13S30Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40aXilingolitePb3Bi2S6Mon.
2.JB.40bHeyrovskýitePb6Bi2S9Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cccm
2.JB.40UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb(Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)5Pb5Bi11S27
2.JB.40UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb(Pb,Hg)12(Cu,Ag)3(Bi,Sb)10(S,Te)27
2.JB.40aQuatrandoriteAgPbSb3S6Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.40aMenchettiiteAgPb2.40Mn1.60Sb3As2S12Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.40aTerrywallaceiteAgPb(Sb,Bi)3S6 Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.40aJasrouxiteAg16Pb4(Sb24As16)S72Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.40aErzwiesiteAg8Pb12Bi16S40Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40aStaročeskéiteAg0.70Pb1.60(Bi1.35Sb1.35)Σ2.70S6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40aOyoniteAg3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40aHolubiteAg3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)S24Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40bBaiamareiteAg4Pb12Fe4Sb20S48Mon. 2/m
2.JB.55GratonitePb9As4S15Trig. 3m : R3m
2.JB.60MarrucciiteHg3Pb16Sb18S46Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.65VurroitePb20Sn2(Bi,As)22S54Cl6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.65TazieffitePb20Cd2(As,Bi)22S50Cl10Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.70DaliranitePbHgAs2S5Mon.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for FizélyiteHide

References for FizélyiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for FizélyiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Jujuy Province
    • Rinconada Department
      • Mina Pirquitas
Coira et al. (1995) +1 other reference
          • San Miguel Open pit
Paar et al. (2000)
Bolivia
 
  • Oruro
    • Cercado Province
      • Oruro
Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009)
  • Potosí
    • Antonio Quijarro Province
      • Porco Municipality
        • Agua de Castilla
Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
    • Sud Chichas Province
      • Atocha Municipality
        • Chocaya-Animas mining district (Animas-Chocaya mining district)
Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) +1 other reference
Torró et al. (2019)
Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
    • Sud Lípez Province
      • Buena Vista
USGS Bulletin # 1975.
      • San Pablo de Lípez
        • Santa Isabel district
Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975)
    • Tomás Frías Province
      • Potosí (Potosí Municipality)
Kempff et al. (2009)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
 
  • Republika Srpska
    • Srebrenica
Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2016)
Bulgaria
 
  • Kardzhali Province
    • Momchilgrad Municipality
      • Sedefche
Kerestedjian T (1998) +1 other reference
Strashimirov et al. (2005)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Vancouver Mining Division
      • Brandywine Creek
        • Van Silver Property
Woodside et al. (2000) +1 other reference
  • Québec
    • Mauricie
      • Mékinac RCM
Mineral. Deposita 42 (2007)
China
 
  • Guangxi
    • Nanning
      • Long'an County
Hongzhong Xu et al. (1997)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Příbram District
      • Příbram
        • Bohutín
          • Bohutín deposit
Litochleb
        • Březové Hory
          • Černojamské deposit
C.Auer (2016)
      • Třebsko
Anthony et al. (1990)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Haute-Loire
      • Brioude
        • Langeac
          • Marsanges
Pélisson (1989)
        • Mazerat-Aurouze
          • Aurouze
Pélisson (1989)
  • Brittany
    • Morbihan
      • Pontivy
        • Pontivy
Y. Moëlo
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Corrèze
      • Ussel
        • Ussel
Brousse (1982)
  • Occitanie
    • Hérault
      • Béziers
        • Ceilhes-et-Rocozels
Anthony et al. (1990)
    • Tarn
      • Castres
        • Montredon-Labessonnié
          • Peyrebrune
Collection Guy Bernadi +1 other reference
  • Pays de la Loire
    • Vendée
      • La Roche-sur-Yon
Moëlo et al. (1989)
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Gap
        • Orpierre
Le Cahier des Micromonteurs (2)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Haslach im Kinzigtal
          • Haslach im Kinzigtal
Walenta (1992)
        • Hausach
          • Hausach
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Braunlage
        • St Andreasberg
          • Beerberg
Günther Schnorrer-Köhler und Heinz ... +1 other reference
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
Rieck et al. (2020)
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
Rieck et al. (2020)
Hungary
 
  • Pest County
    • Szob District
      • Nagybörzsöny
Szakáll et al. (1996)
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Borgofranco d'Ivrea
        • Biò
Ambrino et al. (2008)
Japan
 
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Shiribeshi Subprefecture
      • Furubira District
Forrest Cureton specimens +1 other reference
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Aquiles Serdán Municipality
Megaw (2023)
North Macedonia
 
  • Kavadarci Municipality
    • Ržanovo
Boev et al. (1993)
Romania (TL)
 
  • Maramureș County
    • Baia Mare
Mârza +8 other references
Szakall (2002)
1-Rădulescu Dan
Marias Francisc
Mineralogical Record 7:139-140 +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Voron'i Tundry
Kalinin et al. (2020)
  • Sakha
    • Verkhoyansk Fold Belt
      • Verkhoyansk Silver Province
        • Deputatsky ore cluster
Pavlova et al. (2009)
Pavlova et al. (2009)
Pavlova et al. (2009)
Pavlova et al. (2009)
        • Southern Verkhoyansk District
Pavlova et al. (2009)
        • Western Verkhoyansk District
          • Mangazeisky ore cluster
Pavlova et al. (2009)
Serbia
 
Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Žiar nad Hronom District
      • Kremnica
Števko M. et al. (2018)
  • Prešov Region
    • Prešov District
      • Zlatá Baňa
Duda et. all.
Tajikistan
 
  • Gorno-Badakhshan
    • Pamir Silver District
      • Bazardara ore cluster
Pavlova et al. (2009)
USA
 
  • California
    • Orange County
      • Silverado
Robert Housely
  • Colorado
    • Boulder County
      • Boulder County Tungsten Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Gold Hill Mining District
        • Gold Hill
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Jamestown Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Ward Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Clear Creek County
      • Georgetown District
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Summit County
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Nevada
    • Clark County
      • Spring Mountains
        • Goodsprings Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
      • Hot Creek Range
        • Morey Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
Rocks and Minerals (1999)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 23, 2024 11:07:41 Page updated: March 28, 2024 22:25:29
Go to top of page