Fluorite
This page kindly sponsored by Jamison K. Brizendine
About Fluorite
Formula:
CaF2
As a Commodity:
Colour:
Purple, lilac, golden-yellow, green, colourless, blue, pink, champagne, brown.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
3.175 - 3.56
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1797 by Carlo Antonio Galeani Napione from the Latin, fluere = "to flow" (for its use as a flux). The term fluorescence is derived from fluorite, which will often markedly exhibit this effect. The element fluorine also derives its name from fluorite, a major source of the element.
Fluorite Group.
Fluorite is found as a common gangue mineral in hydrothermal veins, especially those containing lead and zinc minerals. It is also found in some greisens, granites, pegmatites and high-temperature veins, and as a component of some marbles and other metamorphic rocks.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Fluorite.
Fluorite is found as a common gangue mineral in hydrothermal veins, especially those containing lead and zinc minerals. It is also found in some greisens, granites, pegmatites and high-temperature veins, and as a component of some marbles and other metamorphic rocks.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Fluorite.
Classification of Fluorite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
3/A.08-10
3.AB.25
3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H2O
B : M:X = 1:2
3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H2O
B : M:X = 1:2
Dana 7th ed.:
9.2.1.1
9.2.1.1
9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX2
9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX2
8.4.7
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
4 : Halides of the alkaline earths and Mg
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
4 : Halides of the alkaline earths and Mg
Physical Properties of Fluorite
Vitreous, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Dull when massive
Colour:
Purple, lilac, golden-yellow, green, colourless, blue, pink, champagne, brown.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Mohs hardness reference species
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {111}, very easy.
Perfect on {111}, very easy.
Parting:
Indistinct parting or cleavage on {011} at times.
Fracture:
Splintery, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.175 - 3.56 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.181 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Normal range 3.175-3.184, increasing density with rare earth substitution.
Optical Data of Fluorite
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 1.433 - 1.448
Birefringence:
None
Birefringence:
Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
None
Comments:
Frequently exhibits very weak anomalous birefringence, especially in cleaved, cut or pressed crystals. The birefringence is usually distributed in lamellae parallel to [001].
Chemical Properties of Fluorite
Formula:
CaF2
Elements listed:
CAS Registry number:
Common Impurities:
Y,Ce,Si,Al,Fe,Mg,Eu,Sm,O,ORG,Cl,TR
Age distribution
Recorded ages:
Phanerozoic : 321 ± 22 Ma to 20.8 Ma - based on 5 recorded ages.
Crystallography of Fluorite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.4626 Å
Unit Cell V:
163.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Usually cubes, {001}; less often octahedrons, {111}; rarely dodecahedrons{011}. Also some hexoctahedrons and tetrahexahedrons. Combinations of these forms common, cube corners and edges are often modified. {001} usually smooth and lustrous, {111} rough and dull. Crystals distorted at times by unequal development of faces, as of {013}. Often markedly composite; minute cubes aggregated to form an octahedron at times or as an overgrowth of crystals upon the corners of an earlier formed crystal of differing habit. Massive; compact; earthy, columnar (rare), or in globular aggregates; botryoidal (rare).
Twinning:
On {111}, usually as interpenetrating cubes (e.g., Strzegom, Poland), but also as contact spinel twins (e.g. Naica, Mexico and Chumar Bakhoor, Pakistan).
Crystallographic forms of Fluorite
Crystal Atlas:
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Fluorite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Fluorite no.2 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Fluorite no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Fluorite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Fluorite no.45 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Fluorite no.66 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
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Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
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Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
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Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Epitaxi Comments:
Siderite upon fluorite with siderite [0001] parallel to fluorite [111].
Pyrite upon fluorite with parallel axes.
Quartz upon fluorite.
Pyrite upon fluorite with parallel axes.
Quartz upon fluorite.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.16 | (90) |
| 1.932 | (100) |
| 1.647 | (30) |
| 1.366 | (10) |
| 1.253 | (10) |
| 1.115 | (20) |
| 1.051 | (10) |
| 0.684 | (10) |
Type Occurrence of Fluorite
Synonyms of Fluorite
Other Language Names for Fluorite
Arabic:فلورايت
Asturian:Fluorita
Basque:Fluorita
Belarusian:Флюарыт
Bosnian:Fluorit
Breton:Fluorit
Bulgarian:Флуорит
Catalan:Fluorita
Croatian:Fluorit
Czech:Fluorit
Dutch:Vloeispaat
Estonian:Fluoriit
Finnish:Fluoriitti
Galician:Fluorita
Hebrew:פלואוריט
Hungarian:Fluorit
Italian:Fluorite
Fluorina
Spato fluore
Fluorina
Spato fluore
Japanese:蛍石
Latvian:Fluorīts
Lithuanian:Fluoritas
Low Saxon/Low German:Fluorit
Occitan:Fluorita
Polish:Fluoryt
Portuguese:Fluorita
Romanian:Fluorină
Russian:Флюорит
Slovak:Fluorit
Slovenian:Fluorit
Traditional Chinese:螢石
Ukrainian:Флюорит
Varieties of Fluorite
| Blue John | A banded white/purple variety of fluorite applied by locals in England. Originally described from Castleton, Derbyshire, England, UK. |
| Cerfluorite | A Ce-bearing fluorite. Known as a synthetic phase. |
| Chlorophane | A variety of Fluorite that exhibits green thermoluminescence. Originally described from Siberia, Russia. |
| False Amethyst | An old name for cut purple Fluorite. [Chester, 1896, 92 - "Dict.Names Min."] |
| Ratovkite | Fine-disperse variety of fluorite of sedimentary origin and with deep-violet radiation colour. First described from the Moscow area at the beginning of the 20th century. |
| Stink-Fluss | A variety of fluorite, especially from Wölsendorf, Germany, that emits an odor of HF and ozone upon grinding due to the internal presence of free fluorine and calcium and the interaction of components with water upon grinding. |
| Strontian Fluorite | Fluorite containing 2-18 mass.% of Sr. |
| Tiffany stone | A fine-grained purple to pale violet fluorite, usually with swirl patterns sometimes with small impurities of intergrown bertrandite, chalcedony, opal, and/or quartz. |
| Yttrocerite | Y-rich fluorite (see also yttrofluorite). Note: A great many occurrences of yttrocerite reported in the nineteenth century were false. The so-called "yttrocerite" has repeatedly been shown to be ordinary purple fluorite without enrichment of rare earth el... |
| Yttrofluorite | Yttrofluorite is a variety of fluorite containing an appreciable amount of trivalent yttrium (Y) taking the place of divalent calcium (Ca) cations in the fluorite structure. Many early identifications of yttrofluorite are likely to be purple fluorite with... |
Relationship of Fluorite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Fluorocronite | PbF2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| Strontiofluorite | SrF2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| Quartz | 6,595 photos of Fluorite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
| Calcite | 3,868 photos of Fluorite associated with Calcite on mindat.org. |
| Baryte | 2,310 photos of Fluorite associated with Baryte on mindat.org. |
| Sphalerite | 1,685 photos of Fluorite associated with Sphalerite on mindat.org. |
| Pyrite | 1,289 photos of Fluorite associated with Pyrite on mindat.org. |
| Galena | 1,287 photos of Fluorite associated with Galena on mindat.org. |
| Dolomite | 881 photos of Fluorite associated with Dolomite on mindat.org. |
| Muscovite | 817 photos of Fluorite associated with Muscovite on mindat.org. |
| Chalcopyrite | 577 photos of Fluorite associated with Chalcopyrite on mindat.org. |
| Rhodochrosite | 492 photos of Fluorite associated with Rhodochrosite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 3.AB. | Fluorocronite | PbF2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 3.AB.05 | Tolbachite | CuCl2 | Mon. |
| 3.AB.10 | Coccinite | HgI2 | Tet. |
| 3.AB.15 | Sellaite | MgF2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| 3.AB.20 | Chloromagnesite | MgCl2 | Hex. |
| 3.AB.20 | Lawrencite | (Fe2+,Ni)Cl2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 3.AB.20 | Scacchite | MnCl2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| 3.AB.25 | Frankdicksonite | BaF2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 3.AB.25 | Strontiofluorite | SrF2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 3.AB.30 | Tveitite-(Y) | (Y, Na)6Ca6Ca6F42 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 3.AB.35 | Gagarinite-(Y) | NaCaYF6 | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| 3.AB.35 | Gagarinite-(Ce) | Na(REExCa1-x)(REEyCa1-y)F6 | Trig. |
| 3.AB.35 | Polezhaevaite-(Ce) | NaSrCeF6 | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
| 9.2.1.3 | Tveitite-(Y) | (Y, Na)6Ca6Ca6F42 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| 9.2.1.4 | Strontiofluorite | SrF2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 8.4.1 | Sellaite | MgF2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| 8.4.2 | Neighborite | NaMgF3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 8.4.3 | Bischofite | MgCl2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 8.4.4 | Korshunovskite | Mg2Cl(OH)3 · 4H2O | Tric. |
| 8.4.5 | Carnallite | KMgCl3 · 6H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnna |
| 8.4.6 | Tachyhydrite | CaMg2Cl6 · 12H2O | Trig. |
| 8.4.8 | Sinjarite | CaCl2 · 2H2O | Tet. |
| 8.4.9 | Antarcticite | CaCl2 · 6H2O | Trig. 3 2 : P3 2 1 |
| 8.4.10 | Chlorocalcite | KCaCl3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 8.4.11 | Rorisite | CaFCl | Tet. |
| 8.4.12 | Jarlite | Na(Sr,Na)7MgAl6F32(OH,H2O)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.4.13 | Calcjarlite | Na(Ca,Sr)3Al3(OH)2F14 | Mon. |
| 8.4.14 | Tikhonenkovite | Sr[AlF4(OH)(H2O)] | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 8.4.15 | Acuminite | Sr[AlF4(OH)(H2O)] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 8.4.16 | Frankdicksonite | BaF2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| 8.4.17 | Usovite | Ba2CaMgAl2F14 | Mon. |
| 8.4.18 | Bøgvadite | Na2SrBa2Al4F20 | Mon. 2/m |
Fluorescence of Fluorite
Blue under LW-UV, due to erbium; other colors caused by different activators (white & cream - organic matter). Red (Mapimi, Mexico), pink (Doña Ana claims, AZ), white (Sterling Hill, NJ)
May also be phosphorescent.
May also be phosphorescent.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Melting point 1360°C.
Notes:
May be thermoluminescent or triboluminescent.
Decomposed by H2SO4; slightly soluble in hot HCl. Slightly soluble in water (0.016 grams per liter at 18°C).
Decomposed by H2SO4; slightly soluble in hot HCl. Slightly soluble in water (0.016 grams per liter at 18°C).
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
Some specimens are light sensitive and become paler on exposure to light.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Flux in steel making; source of fluorine
Fluorite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
References for Fluorite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Exner (1873) Härte an Krystallflächen, Wien, 31, 34.
Pockels (1889) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 37: 144, 372.
Martens (1901) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 6: 616.
Paschen (1901) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 4: 302.
Hintze (1912) 1(2B): 2384.
Bragg (1914) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: 89: 468.
Goldschmidt (1918): 4: 8.
Steinmetz (1925) Zs. Kr. 61: 380.
Doelter (1930) 4(3): 228.
Goebel (1930) Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna: 139: 373.
Holzgang (1930) Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Frauenfeld: 10: 374.
Obernauer (1932) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 66: 89.
Iimori (1933) Science Papers Institute of Physics and Chemistry Res. Tokyo: 20: 189.
Matossi, Brix (1934) Zeitschrift für Physik, Brunswick, Berlin: 92: 303.
Haberlandt, Schiener (1935) Zs. Kr.: 90: 193.
Tousey (1936) Physical Review, a Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics: 50: 1057.
Hoffmann (1937) Che, Erde: 11: 368.
Schaake (1937) Zs. Kr.: 98: 281.
Przibram (1938) Nature: 141: 970.
Bradistilov, Stranski (1940) Zs. Kr.: 103: 1.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 29-37.
Isetti, G. (1959) Ricerche sulla colorazione delle fluoriti; Nota I. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 19-29.
Rigault G., Ferraris G. (1961-1962) Ricerche sulla fluorite rosea del Monte Bianco. Atti Acc. Sci. Torino Classe Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 96, 517. [on pink colour].
Ferraris, G. (1963) Ricerche sul colore della fluorite di Castelsilano (Catanzaro). Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana: 19: 99-108 [http://rruff.info/rdsmi/V19/V19.html] [on green colour]
Barabanov, V.F., Goncharov, G.N. (1967) Dependence of luminescence spectra of fluorite on its genesis. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 173: 132-135.
Richardson, C.K., Holland, H.D. (1979) The solubility of fluorite in hydrothermal solutions, an experimental study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43: 1313–1325.
Gaines, R.V., Skinner, C.W.H., Foord, E.E., Mason, B., Rosenzweig, A.(1997) Dana's New Mineralogy: The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: eighth edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1819 pp.: 380.
Weise, C., publisher (1993) Fluorit - extraLapis Nr.10. Christian Weise Verlag, München.
Weise, C., publisher (2006) Fluorite - extraLapis English Nr.9. Christian Weise Verlag, München.
Ottens, B. (2010) Kugelfluorit aus indischen Basalten. Lapis: 35(10): 13-19; 90 (in German). [on spherical fluorite].
Van der Meersche, E. (2014) Kristallformen von Fluorit - Crystal forms. Author’s publishing, 296 pp. (bilingual German-English).
Internet Links for Fluorite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1576.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
Specimens:
The following Fluorite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
Significant localities for Fluorite
Showing 71 significant localities out of 10,351 recorded on mindat.org.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| [Lancaster, 1980 - "Minerals and Gemstones of Tasmania", p28] ; Bottrill & Baker, 2008 |
| Kitto, P.A., 1994, Structural and Geochemical controls on Mineralisation at Renison, Tasmania. Unpub. PhD thesis, Uni. Tas. |
Austria | |
| Weninger, H. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 5: Steiermark und Kärnten. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 231 pp. |
| R. Stroh: Der Karinthin 69:45-51 (1973) |
| G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 | |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989 |
| Franz Walter, Hubert Fink, Ludwig Rasser (2011) Mineralienfunde von der Goldberg-Spitze in der Sonnblickgruppe. Mineralienwelt 6/2011: 62 -65. |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989); Steinwender, C., Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Niedermayr, G. (2012): 1756) Cinnabarit, Langit und Meneghinit aus Fahlerz-Vererzungen vom Weißeck im Lungau, Salzburg. Pp. 159-160 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180. |
| Kühn, H. M. (1967): Zum Flußspat von Obernberg. Aufschluss, 18 (5), 162.; Lapis 29(6), 13-24 (2004) |
Belgium | |
| Neutkens, H. & Orinx, M. (2007): Neu und Schön: Calcit und fluorit aus Belgien. LAPIS 32 (2), 13-18 |
| Neutkens, H. & Orinx, M. (2007): Neu und Schön: Calcit und Fluorit aus Belgien. LAPIS 32 (2), 13-18 |
China | |
| Dengfeng Tu (1984): Dizhi Lumping 30(3), 270-274; Zeheng Lei, Yusheng Qiao, and Yiming Xu (2009): Geology and Exploration 45(2), 44-52; Ottens, Berthold (2012) The Shangbao mine, Hunan Province, China. Mineralogical Record 43:587-608 |
| |
Colombia | |
| Saenz, L. D. (2005): PETROGRAFÍA Y GEOTERMOMETRÍA DE LOS YACIMIENTOS DE ESMERALDA DE PEÑA BLANCA (SAN PABLO DE BORBUR, BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA) |
Czech Republic (TL) | |
| G. Agricola (1530): Bermannus sive de re metallica.- Basel, p. 125-127; Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65 |
France | |
| Chollet Pascal collection |
| J.-J. Périchaud: "Les Minéraux d'Auvergne", Vol. 2, 1986 |
| G. Signorelli |
| Bariand, P., 1986, "La Mine Du Beix", Monde et Minéraux, n. 75, pp. 16-17. |
| Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28 |
| yves Mourey |
| Thierry Brunsperger collection; La fluorine de Saint-Pierre, Giromagny; Le règne minéral N°107-Sept/Oct2012 |
| |
| J.-L. Hohl "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse) 1994, pp. 169-175 |
| P Haas collection |
| TOUTIN-MORIN N., et al. (1994) : « Carte géologique de la France (1/50 000 feuille Fréjus-Cannes ». Orléans : BRGM. Notice explicative par N. TOUTIN-MORIN et al. (1994) |
| MAURY (S), 2015 - Les indices minéralogiques de l'Estérel, 1ère partie. Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°128 (2-2015), pp 17-33 |
| Belot, Victor R. (1978) Guide des minéraux, coquillages et fossiles: où les trouver en France, comment les reconnaître et les collectionner (Guides Horay). Pierre Horay (Ed.), 224 pp.; Mari, G. (2002) La mine de Fontsante (Var). Le Règne Minéral, 43, 38-60. |
| Mari G., Consorti A. (2004), Les filons de fluorite de la mine de Maraval (Var), Le Règne Minéral, 60, 20-25 | |
| MARI, G. (1979) "Mines et minéraux de la Provence cristalline" Eds Serres, pp 50 & 85 |
Germany | |
| No reference listed |
| METZ, RICHTER, SCHÜRENBERG (1957): Die Blei-Zink-Erzgänge des Schwarzwaldes. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, Hannover. |
| G. Agricola (1530): Bermannus sive de re metallica.- Basel, p. 125-127 |
Ireland | |
| Barry Flannery Collection |
| specimen in R.W. Barstow collection |
Italy | |
| AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
| Giuseppe Finello collection and photo , photo id 684578 Finello, G., Ambrino, P., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Blaß, G., Bracco, R. (2007): I minerali della “Pietra di Luserna”, Piemonte, Italia nord-occidentale. I. Alcune cave di gneiss della Val Luserna. Micro (località), 2/2007, 181-226. |
| Bellanca A., De Vivo B., Lattanzi P., Maiorani A., Neri R. (1985): Fluid inclusions in fluorite mineralizations of N-W Sicily. 8th Symp. European Current Research on Fluid Inclusions (E.C.R.F.I.), 10-12 April, Gottingen, Abstracts, p. 24. of north-western Sicily. Chemical Geology, 32, 255-269 |
| D'Achiardi A., 1872/73. Mineralogia della Toscana. Arnaldo Forni Editore, Pisa. |
| Borghi E., 1993. I minerali dei "gessi" dell'alta Val Secchia (RE). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 4: 245-251. |
Mexico | |
| Tritlla, J., Levresse, G., Corona-Esquivel, R., Banks, D.; Lamadrid, H. y Bourdet, J. 2006 Depositos de Pb-Zn-Ba-F-(Cu-Sr) epigeneticos estratoligados en series sedimentarias en relacion con salmueras de cuenca depositos de tipo « Mississippi Valley » (MVT) y similares. Boletín de la Sociedad Geologica Mexicana LVIII, 83-103. |
| (2003) Fluid characteristics of the world-class, carbonate-hosted Las Cuevas fluorite deposit (San Luis Potosı´, Mexico) Journal of Geochemical Exploration 78-79:537-543 |
Namibia | |
| Weninger, H. (1972): Zwei bemerkenswerte Mineralvorkommen in Südwestafrika. Der Karinthin 66, 280-284.; Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra Lapis English No. 9; Rustemeyer, P. (2000): Okosuru: Fundstelle attraktiver Fluorite in Namibia. Lapis 25(3), 24-29, 50.; Hagni, R.D., , and Viladkar, S.G., (2006) Similarities And Disimilarities Between The Fluorspar Deposits At The Amba Dongar, India And Okorusu, Namibia Carbonatite Complexes. in Geological Association of Canada, Program with Abstracts Volume 31 |
Norway | |
| [var: Yttrofluorite] Vogt, T. (1911): Vorlaufige Mitteilung über Yttrofluorit, eine neue Mineralspezies aus dem nördlichen Norwegen. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 373-377 ; Sverdrup, T. L. (1968): Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway No. 37. Yttrofluorite-yttrocerite-cerfluorite in norwegian pegmatites. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 48: 245-252 |
Peru | |
| Belsher, D.O. (1982): Pink Octahedral Fluorite from Peru. Mineralogical Record 13, 29-30 + 38; Hyrsl & Rosales (2003) Mineralogical Record, 34, 241-254.; Econ Geol (1985) 80:416-478 |
Russia | |
| [MinRec 32:9]; Rogulina, L.I., and Sveshnikova, O.L. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(1), 60-74.; Dobovol'skaya, M. G., Baskina, V. A., Balashova, S. P., Kenisarin, A. M., Arakelyants, M. M., Klimachev, L. A., & Muravitskaya, G. N. (1990). Order of Formation of the Ores and Mafic Dikes of the Nikolayevsk Deposit (Southern Primor'ye). International Geology Review, 32(4), 391-403.; Vasilenko, G.P. (2001) The Dalnegorsk Ore District. pp98-124 in Khanchuk, A.I., Gonevchuk, G.A. & Seltmann, R. (Eds) Metallogeny of the Pacific Northwest (Russian Far East): Tectonics, Magmatism and Metallogeny of Active Continental Margins. IAGOD Guidebook series 11, Dalnauka Publishing House, Vladivostok 2004, 176 p |
| Seroka, P. (2001) - Fluorit, 6.2 |
Spain | |
| Calvo, G. y Calvo, M. (2006). Fluorite from Spain. Every color under the Sun. En: Fluorite. The Collector's Choice. Lithographie LLC. Connecticut, USA. 38-42. |
| Garcia G., Gonzalez C., Bueno A. (2004) - Cadalso de los Vidrios (Madrid), Bocamina, n° 14, pp: 12-46. |
UK | |
| Dunham, K. C., 1990, Geology of the Northern Pennine orefield, v. I, 2nd Ed. British Geological Survey, London, 299 p. |
| Fisher, J.E., and L. Greenbank, 2000, The Rogerley Mine, Weardale, County Durham, England. Rocks and Minerals, 75(1), 54-61. |
| Dunham, K. C., 1990, Geology of the Northern Pennine orefield, v. I, 2nd Ed. British Geological Survey, London, 299 p.; Rocks & Min.: 15:57; 17:129. |
| Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra Lapis English No. 9 |
| Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp. |
| Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra Lapis English No. 9 Fisher, J. (2009) The Hilton Mine: Scordale, Cumbria England. Rocks and Minerals, 84:2, 114-121. Fisher, J. (2004) Fluorite from the Northern Pennines Orefield, England. Rocks and Minerals, 79:6, 378-398. |
| [var: Blue John] Dewey, H., and Smith, B. (1922) Special Rep. Mineral Resources G.B. 23. |
USA | |
| Personally collected by bob Jackson, 2011 |
| Rocks & Min.: 63: 286; 71:167-168 (1996); 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium abstracts |
| [var: Chlorophane] Harold Moritz collection |
| [var: Chlorophane] Hitchcock, Edward and Benjamin Silliman. (1826): Topaz. American Journal of Science: series 1: 10: 352-358.; Shepard, Charles U. (1835). Treatise on Mineralogy, Second Part, vol. 2, p. 237.; Shannon, Earl V. (1921b), Some Minerals from the Old Tungsten Mine at Long Hill in Trumbull, Connecticut. Proceedings U.S. National Museum: 58(2348): 469-482.; Sullivan, Earle C. (1985): History and Minerals of Old Mine Park. Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. Trumbull Historical Society, Inc.; Januzzi, Ronald E. (1994): Mineral Data Book - Western Connecticut and Environs. Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut. | |
| Numerous private collections | |
| Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra Lapis English No. 9; Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409; Zodac, Peter. (1959), Minerals at Thomaston Dam, Connecticut; Segeler, Curt and Molon, Joseph. (1985), The Thomaston Dam Site, Thomaston, Connecticut; Rocks & Minerals: 60(3): 119-124.; Vogt, Wolfgang. (1991), Rediscovering Thomaston Dam. Lapidary Journal: April. |
| Brunet, William M. (1980): Minerals of the Trap Rock Ridges of the Connecticut Valley With Emphasis on Reed’s Gap Quarry Near Durham. Rocks and Minerals: 55 (6): 232-5.; Weber, Marcelle H. and Earle C. Sullivan. (1995): Connecticut Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals (Connecticut Issue): 70 (6): 403.; Pawloski, John. (2006), Connecticut. in: Fluorite, The Collector's Choice. Lithographie, East Hampton, Connecticut: 64. |
| [var: Chlorophane] Hewitt, Herb. (circa 1960s): Hewitt Gem Mine advertisement flyer.; Harold Moritz field observations 2015. |
| Jeremy Zolan collection, Harold Moritz collection |
| Rocks & Min.: 65: 329-335.; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.; Clippinger, D. M., (1949) Barite of New Mexico. NMBGMR Circular 21. |
| Jensen, David E. (1942), Minerals of the Lockport dolomite in the vicinity of Rochester, N.Y. Rocks & Minerals: 17(6): 199-203. |
| Rocks & Min.:64:29.; Kearns, L.E. and F.H. Campbell (1978), Famous Min. Locs: the Elmwood and Gordonsville zinc mines near Catrhage, TN, Min.Rec.: 9:213-218; Econ Geol (1976) 71:892-903 |
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Rogerley Mine, Rogerley Quarry, Frosterley, Stanhope, Co. Durham, England, UK