Gahnite
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About Gahnite
Formula:
ZnAl2O4
Colour:
Dark blue-green, yellow, brown, black
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7½ - 8
Specific Gravity:
4.62 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1807 by Baron Karl Marie Ehrenbert von Moll in honor of Swedish chemist and mineralogist, Johan Gottlieb Gahn [August 19, 1745 Voxna Bruk, Hälsingland, Sweden - December 8, 1818 Falun, Sweden]. The new name replaced automalite named by Anders Gustav Ekeberg.
Type Locality:
Gahnite-Hercynite Series, and the Gahnite-Spinel Series.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Gahnite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Gahnite.
Classification of Gahnite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
4/B.01-40
4.BB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
7.2.1.4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7.5.5
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg
Physical Properties of Gahnite
Vitreous
Colour:
Dark blue-green, yellow, brown, black
Streak:
Grey
Hardness:
7½ - 8 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
4.62 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gahnite
Type:
Isotropic
Chemical Properties of Gahnite
Formula:
ZnAl2O4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mg
Crystallography of Gahnite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.062 Å
Unit Cell V:
524.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals usually octahedral.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Type Occurrence of Gahnite
Synonyms of Gahnite
Other Language Names for Gahnite
French:Spinelle Zincifère
Italian:Gahnite
Portuguese:Gahnita
Russian:Ганит
Spanish:Automalita
Automolita
Gahnita
Automolita
Gahnita
Varieties of Gahnite
Cuprian Gahnite | Zn-bearing gahnite variety from Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Russia. |
Kreittonite | A ferroan variety of gahnite. The Zn:Fe ratio goes to 1.64:1. |
Manganoan Gahnite |
Relationship of Gahnite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Cochromite | (Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. |
Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 | Iso. |
Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Spinel | MgAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 | Iso. |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Calcite | 22 photos of Gahnite associated with Calcite on mindat.org. |
Quartz | 19 photos of Gahnite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Tephroite | 8 photos of Gahnite associated with Tephroite on mindat.org. |
Muscovite | 7 photos of Gahnite associated with Muscovite on mindat.org. |
Augite | 5 photos of Gahnite associated with Augite on mindat.org. |
Willemite | 5 photos of Gahnite associated with Willemite on mindat.org. |
Microcline | 4 photos of Gahnite associated with Microcline on mindat.org. |
Pyrite | 4 photos of Gahnite associated with Pyrite on mindat.org. |
Andradite | 4 photos of Gahnite associated with Andradite on mindat.org. |
Almandine | 3 photos of Gahnite associated with Almandine on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.BB. | Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
4.BB. | Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Cochromite | (Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. |
4.BB.05 | Filipstadite | (Sb0.5Fe0.5)Mn2O4 | Iso. |
4.BB.05 | Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 | Iso. |
4.BB.05 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 | |
4.BB.05 | Spinel | MgAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Ulvöspinel | TiFe2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 | Iso. |
4.BB.10 | Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
4.BB.10 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
4.BB.10 | Hydrohetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 · H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
4.BB.10 | Iwakiite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
4.BB.15 | Maghemite | Fe3+2O3 | Iso. 4 3 2 : P41 3 2 |
4.BB.15 | Titanomaghemite | Fe3+(Fe3+,Ti4+,Fe2+,◻)2O4 | Iso. 4 3 2 : P43 3 2 |
4.BB.20 | Tegengrenite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Sb5+0.5(Mn3+,Si,Ti)0.5O4 | Trig. |
4.BB.25 | Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.5.1 | Zincite | ZnO | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
7.5.2 | Sweetite | Zn(OH)2 | Tet. |
7.5.3 | Ashoverite | Zn(OH)2 | Tet. |
7.5.4 | Wülfingite | Zn(OH)2 | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
7.5.6 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.5.7 | Hydrohetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 · H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
7.5.8 | Chalcophanite | (Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn3O7 · 3H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
7.5.9 | Woodruffite | Zn2+x/2(Mn4+1-xMn3+x)O2·yH2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
7.5.10 | Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
7.5.11 | Monteponite | CdO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
7.5.12 | Montroydite | HgO | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Gahnite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 689-697.
Mineralogical Magazine: 62: 41-54.
Spry, P.G. (1987) Compositional zoning in zincian spinel. Canadian Mineralogist: 25: 97-104.
Waerenborgh, J.C., Annersten, H., Ericsson, T., Figueiredo, M.O., and Cabral, J.M.P. (1990) A Mössbauer study of natural gahnite spinels showing strongly temperature dependent quadrupole splitting distributions. European Journal of Mineralogy: 2: 267-271.
O'Neill, H.St.C. and Dollase, W.A. (1994) Crystal structures and cation distribution in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4, and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 20: 541-555.
Hålenius, U. and Bosi, F (2014) Color of Mn-bearing gahnite: A first example of electronic transitions in heterovalent exchange coupled IVMn2+ - VIMn3+ pairs in minerals. American Mineralogist 99, 261-266.
Adriana Heimann, Jason A. Yonts, and Miguel A. Galliski (2015): The Composition of Gahnite In Granitic Pegmatites From the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Implications For Pegmatite Fractionation. Can. Mineral. 53, 991-1014.
Internet Links for Gahnite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1632.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Specimens:
The following Gahnite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
Localities for Gahnite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Tourmaline (extraLapis English, # 3, 2002), p 96. |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) Los minerales de Uranio, sus yacimientos y prospección |
| Colombo, F. y Lira, R. (2006) Geología y mineralogía de algunas pegmatitas del borde oriental del distrito Punilla, Córdoba. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 61: |
Colombo, F. y Lira, R. (2006) Geología y mineralogía de algunas pegmatitas del borde oriental del distrito Punilla, Córdoba. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 61: | |
Econ Geol (1995) 90:636-647 | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); Galliski, M. A. (1983). Distrito minero El Quemado, Deptos. La Poma y Cachi, provincia de Salta. II. Geología de sus pegmatitas. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argentina, 38, 340-380. |
Galliski, M. A., & Černý, P. (2006). Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals in granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(3), 645-666. | |
| Miguel Á. Galliski, María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía, Raúl Lira, Jan Cempírek and Radek Škoda (2012) Mineralogy and Origin of the Dumortierite-Bearing Pegmatites of Virorco, San Luis, Argentina. Canadian Mineralogist 50:873-894. |
Australia | |
| Northern Broken Hill Block |
| Ramdohr, P. (1950): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2(4), 291-333. |
O’Brien, J. J., Spry, P. G., Teale, G. S., Jackson, S. E., & Rogers, D. (2015). Major and Trace Element Chemistry of Gahnite as an Exploration Guide to Broken Hill-Type Pb-Zn-Ag Mineralization in the Broken Hill Domain, New South Wales, Australia. Economic Geology, 110(4), 1027-1057.; Spry, P. G., Teale, G. T., & Heimann, A. (2003). Speculations concerning the origin and exploration significance of lode rocks in the Curnamona Province. Geosc Aust Record, 13, 162-165. | |
https://www.mindat.org/article.php/1127/The+Often+Overlooked+Broken+Hill+Gahnites | |
P.M. Buckley (2003) Geological mapping at the Potosi open pit. in Peljo, M., 2003. Broken Hill Exploration Initiative: Abstracts from the July 2003 conference. Record 2003/013. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. pp18-19 | |
| Ramdohr, P. (1950): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2(4), 291-333. |
| Birch, W. D., Burke, E. A. J., Wall, V. J., & Etheridge, M. A. (1988). Ecandrewsite, the zinc analogue of ilmenite, from Little Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, and the San Valentin Mine, Sierra de Cartegena, Spain. Mineralogical Magazine, 52(2), 237-240. |
Stevens B.P.J, Barnes R.G and Burton G.R. 2004: Metallogenic Studies of the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks, New South Wales. 5. Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Bulletin 32 (5) | |
Econ Geol (1994) 89:778-790; Parr, J. (1992) A gahnite-garnet retrograde reaction from the Pinnacles deposit, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Canadian Mineralogist, 30, 145-152.; McQueen, K. G. (1987). A Second Occurrence of Falkmanite: Pinnacles Mine, Broken Hill. New South Wales. The Canadian Mineralogist, 25(1), 15-19. | |
Anonymous (2013): The Newsletter of the Broken Hill Mineral Club Inc., vol. 14 (3), 7. [http://brokenhillmineralclub.wikispaces.com/file/view/news+v14n3.pdf]. NSW Geological Survey report GS1951/049 The Rupee Prospect Broken Hill. | |
Stevens B.P.J., Barnes R.G., Raphael N.M. Burton, G.R. (2003) Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block, Geological Survey of N.S.W. (Bulletin No. 32(5)). | |
Uwe Kolitsch collection | |
| Stevens B.P.J., Barnes R.G., Raphael N.M. Burton, G.R. (2003) Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block, Geological Survey of N.S.W. (Bulletin No. 32(5)). |
Stevens B.P.J., Barnes R.G., Raphael N.M., Burton, G.R. (2003) Metallogenic Studies of the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks New South Wales. Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block, Geological Survey of N.S.W. Bulletin No. 32(5). | |
Econ Geol (1993) 88:505-541 | |
Stevens B.P.J., Barnes R.G., Raphael N.M., Burton, G.R. (2003) Metallogenic Studies of the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks New South Wales. Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block, Geological Survey of N.S.W. Bulletin No. 32(5). | |
Stevens B.P.J, Barnes R.G and Burton G.R. 2004: Metallogenic Studies of the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks, New South Wales. 5. Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Bulletin 32 (5) | |
Trevor Dart Stevens B.P.J., Barnes R.G., Raphael N.M., Burton, G.R. (2003) Metallogenic Studies of teh Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks New South Wales. Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block, Geological Survey of N.S.W. (Bulletin No. 32(5)). | |
Stevens B.P.J., Barnes R.G., Raphael N.M., Burton, G.R. (2003) Metallogenic Studies of the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks New South Wales. Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block, Geological Survey of N.S.W. Bulletin No. 32(5). | |
Based on photographs uploaded | |
Stevens B.P.J., Barnes R.G., Raphael N.M., Burton, G.R. (2003) Metallogenic Studies of the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks New South Wales. Mineral Deposits of the Northern Broken Hill Block, Geological Survey of N.S.W. Bulletin No. 32(5). | |
| Skwarnecki, M.S. (2004) Oonagalabi Basic Metal Prospect, Harts Range, Northern Territory, CRC LEME CSIRO Land and Water Report. |
| Robertson, W.A. (1959) Jervois Range Copper-Lead Deposit, Northern Territory, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Commonwealth of Australia, Records 1959/103 (unpublished). |
Kojan, C. (1982) Final Report, EL 1585, Otter Exploration NL (CR 82/299). | |
| Lottermoser, B. G., Ashley, P. M., & Munksgaard, N. C. (2008). Biogeochemistry of Pb–Zn gossans, northwest Queensland, Australia: implications for mineral exploration and mine site rehabilitation. Applied Geochemistry, 23(4), 723-742. |
| Harvey, K. J. (1989). The geology of the Balcooma massive sulphide deposit, north-east Queensland (Doctoral dissertation, James Cook University). |
| USGS Open-File Report 2009-1252 Sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the world - Database and grade and tonnage models |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit Details Deposit Number: 2040 |
The Geology of South Australia, Vol 1, Bull.54, p.156, 1993, Geol. Surv. of S. Australia | |
| Noble R.J, Just J, Johnson J. E. (1983), Catalogue of South Australian Minerals - 1983, Govenment Printer, South Australia. |
| Ben Grguric |
| Noble R.J., Just J. and Johnson J. E., (1983), Catalogue of South Australian Minerals-1983, Government Printer, Adelaide, South Australia. |
| No reference listed |
| Abbot, P. et al (2005) Cambrian Mineral Resources come of age - the Kanmantoo revival. MESA Journal 36:6-11. |
SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit Details Deposit Number: 1575 | |
SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit Details Deposit Number: 1573 | |
| C.H.H. Conor (2003) The economic significance of the volcano-exhalate association in the Olary Domain. in Peljo, M., 2003. Broken Hill Exploration Initiative: Abstracts from the July 2003 conference. Record 2003/013. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. pp26-29 |
| Bottrill, unpub. |
| Jacobson., M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia |
| Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia |
| M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B Grguric; Pegmatites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007) |
| Simpson, Edward S. (1951) Minerals of Western Australia Vol 2 (Facsimile ed. 1984). Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia, p.297. |
| Cornelius, M., Smith, R.E. (2004), Freddie Well Zn-Cu Deposit, Murchison District Western Australia, CRC LEME, 2004 |
Economic Geology (1996) 91:1354-1371; Christopher J Yeats, David I Groves, The Archaean Mount Gibson gold deposits, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: Products of combined synvolcanic and syntectonic alteration and mineralisation, Ore Geology Reviews, Volume 13, Issues 1–5, April 1998, Pages 103-129, ; SHRIMP U-Pb Geochronological Constraints on Archaean Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide and Lode Gold Mineralization at Mount Gibson, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia; C Yeats, N McNaughton, D Groves, Economic Geology, V91, Dev 1996, pp 1354-1371 | |
| Hough, R. Phang, C., Anand, R., Mineral Hosts for Gold, CRC LEME (2003), Yeats, C., McNaughton, N., Groves, D., Shrimp U-Pb Geochronological Constraints on Archaean Volcanic Hosted Massive Sulphide & Lode Gold Mineralisation at Mt Gibson (1996); Yeats, C., Groves, D., The Archaean Mt Gibson Gold Deposits (1998) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch, U. & Pieler, E. (2015): Gahnit, Fluorapatit, Monazit-(Ce), Zirkon und andere Mineralien in Phosphoritknollen aus der Nähe der Burgruine Falkenstein im Weinviertel, Niederösterreich. Pp. 258-260 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2015): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIV. Carinthia II, 205./125., 207-280. |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) |
A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) | |
| Postl, W. & Bernhard, F. (2011 |
| R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
Niedermayr, G. et al. (2007): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVI. Carinthia II, 197/117, 149-190.; Lapis, 34 (6) (2009), 56-57. | |
| Niedermayr, G. et al. (2007): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVI. Carinthia II, 197/117, 149-190. |
| Arthofer, P. (2005): Zinnsteinführende Pegmatite aus Meitschenhof bei Pregarten, Bezirk Freistadt, Oberösterreich. OÖ. Geonachrichten 20, 10-22. |
| Brandstetter, G. & M. Reich (1998): Luftenberg - eine bedeutende Pegmatitmineralisation in Oberösterreich. OÖ. Geonachr. 13, 11-25; Brandstetter, G. & Reich, M. (1999): Luftenberg - eine bedeutende Pegmatitmineralisation in Oberösterreich. Mineralien-Welt 10 (3), 12-18; Kolitsch, U. (2016): 1977) Anatas, Gahnit und ein Mineral der Kaolinit-Gruppe von Luftenberg bei Linz, Oberösterreich. Pp. 224-225 in Walter, F. et al. (2016): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXV. Carinthia II, 206./126., 203-250. |
Belgium | |
| Jose Dehove collection |
| Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M. & van der Meersche, E. (2002): Les minéraux de Belgique. 2ème édition, Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Ed., 304 p. |
Theye, Th., Fransolet A.M. (1994): "Virtually Pure Ottrelite from the Region of Ottré, Belgium", European Journal of Mineralogy, 1994, 6, 547-555 | |
Bolivia | |
| Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007) Guia a los Yacimientos Metaliferos de Bolivia. (Minera San Cristobal S.A. & Empresa Minera Unificada S.A., La Paz) |
Brazil | |
| Jeannine and Jacques Cassedanne : "Présence d'eskolaite dans les alluvions stannifères de la Chapada Diamantina (Bahia-Brésil), Bull. Mineral., 1980, 103, pp 600-602. |
| Econ Geol (1986) 81:1884-1898 |
| Baijot, M., Hatert, F., Dal Rio, F. & Philipo, S. (2014) Mineralogy and petrography of phosphate mineral association from the Jocão pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Canadian Mineralogist 52, 373-397. |
| Andrade, M.B., Atencio, D., Chukanov, N.V., Ellena, J. (2013): Hydrokenomicrolite, (☐,H2O)2Ta2(O,OH)6(H2O), a new microlite group mineral from Volta Grande pegmatite, Nazareno, Minas Gerais, Brazil. American Mineralogist, 98, 292–296 |
| Slezak, P. R., 2012, Geology, mneralogy, and geochenmistry of the Vazante Noorthern Extension zinc silicate deposit, Minas Gerais, Brazil: M.S. thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario (pdf available at https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/7027?mode=full). |
| Beurlen, H., Thomas, R., Melgarejo, J. C., Da Silva, J. M. R., Rhede, D., Soares, D. R., & Da Silva, M. R. (2013). Chrysoberyl-sillimanite association from the Roncadeira pegmatite, Borborema Province, Brazil: implications for gemstone exploration. Journal of GEOsciences, 58(2), 79-90. |
| Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228. |
| No reference listed |
| http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/Articles_Free/2002/Eeckhout_p1297-1306_02.pdf |
| Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; Beurlen, H.; Müller, A.; Silva, D.; Da Silva, M.R.R. (2011): Petrogenetic significance of LA-ICP-MS trace-element data on quartz from the Borborema Pegmatite Province, northeast Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine 75, 2703-2719. |
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; de Brito Barreto, S., & Bretas Bittar, S. M. (2010). Los depósitos de gemas de Brasil: localización, producción e impacto económico. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 62(1), 123-140. | |
Beurlen, H.; Müller, A.; Silva, D.; Da Silva, M.R.R. (2011): Petrogenetic significance of LA-ICP-MS trace-element data on quartz from the Borborema Pegmatite Province, northeast Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine 75, 2703-2719. ; de Brito Barreto, S., & Bretas Bittar, S. M. (2010). Los depósitos de gemas de Brasil: localización, producción e impacto económico. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 62(1), 123-140. | |
| Queiroz, H. D. A. (2016) Sistema granítico: pegmatítico Mata Azul: caracterização e gênese. PhD Thesis. do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) |
Burkina Faso | |
| Econ Geol (2003) 98:1463-1485 |
Canada | |
| I.C.L. Webster, G.E. Ray and A.R. Pettipas (1992) An Investigation of Selected Mineralized Skarns in British Columbia. British Columbia Geological Survey Paper 1992 |
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| Samson I M, Blackburn W H, Gagnon J E (1999) Paragenesis and composition of amphibole and biotite in the MacLellan gold deposit, Lynn Lake greenstone belt, Manitoba, Canada, The Canadian Mineralogist 37, 1405-1421 ; Bernhardt Augsten, Ralph I. Thorpe, Donald C. Harris, and Mark A. F. Fedikow (1986) Ore mineralogy of the Agassiz (MacLellan) gold deposit in the Lynn Lake region, Manitoba Can Mineral, 24:369-377 |
| Sabina, A.P. (1972) Rocks & minerals for the collector: La Ronge - Creighton, Saskatchewan, Flin Flon, Thompson, Manitoba. GSC paper 71-27,65. |
Calvert C. Bristol and Edgar Froese (1989) Highly metamorphosed altered rocks associated with the Osborne Lake volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Snow Lake area, Manitoba Can Mineral, 27:593-600 | |
Zaleski, E., Froese, E, & Gordon, T.M. (1991) Metamorphic Petrology of Fe-Zn-Mg-Al alteration at the Linda volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Snow Lake, Manitoba. Canadian Mineralogist 29, 995-1017. | |
| Nikischer, T., Mayhew, L. (2012) Petedunnite from Labrador, Mineral News, 28, # 9, 9-10. |
| G.A. O'Reilly, E.J. Farley, and M.H. Charest, "Metasomatic-Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits of the New Ross-Mahone Bay Area, Nova Scotia", N.S. Dept. of Mines and Energy, paper 82-2, 1982. |
| Money, P.L., and Heslop, J.B. (1976): Canadian Mining Journal 97(5), 24-27; Canadian Mineralogist (1984) 22, 493-498 |
| MDI Number: MDI31C11SW00018 |
| Charles A. Tarnocai, Keiko Hattori, and Louis J. Cabri (1997) "Invisible" gold in sulfides from Campbell Mine, Red lake greenstone belt, Ontario; evidence for mineralization during the peak of metamorphism. Can Mineral 35:805-815 |
| Geoffrey Khalil Abdallah (1990) Ore Mineralogy of Mattabi Mine, Northwestern Ontario, Canada. MSC Thesis, Lakehead University |
| Pedersen, J. C. P.Geo., and Bubar, D. S.,(2002) Mineralogy and Zonation of the Big Whopper Pegmatite, Separation Rapids area, Kenora, Ontario Proceedings Volume of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology Vol 48 pp 34-35 |
Canadian Mineralogist 36, 609; Tindle, A.G., Breaks, F.W., and Selway, J.B. (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype gramitic pegmatites: evidence of fractionation and contamination from Pakeagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 753-788. | |
| Storey C.C. and Vos M.A. (1981) Industrial minerals of the Pembroke-Renfrew area, Ontario Geological Survey, Mineral Deposit Circular 22, pt.2, p.32. |
| Can Mineral 1982 20: 549-553.; Franklin, J M, Schnieders, B R, Koopman, E R (1991) Mineral Deposits in the western Superior Province, Ontario (Field Trip 9) Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2164; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1992, 29(7): 1375-1388 |
| Econ Geol. (1995) 90:2065-2072 |
| Riverin, Gerald and Hodgson, C. Jay, 1980, Wall-rock Alteration at the Millenbach Cu-Zn Mine, Noranda, Quebec, Economic Geology, v 75, p. 424-444. |
| Economic Geology December 1, 1987 vol. 82 no. 8 2076-2090 ; Canadian Mineralogist vol.22, pp. 595-604 (1984) |
| Econ Geol. (1990) 85:164-171 |
| Coombe Geoconsultants Ltd.(1991) Base Metals in Saskatchewan Sask. Ministry of Energy and Resources, OF 91-1. |
Steadman, J. A., & Spry, P. G. (2015). Metamorphosed Proterozoic Zn-Pb-Ag Mineralization in the Foster River Area, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Economic Geology, 110(5), 1193-1214. | |
Steadman, J. A., & Spry, P. G. (2015). Metamorphosed Proterozoic Zn-Pb-Ag Mineralization in the Foster River Area, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Economic Geology, 110(5), 1193-1214. | |
Steadman, J. A., & Spry, P. G. (2015). Metamorphosed Proterozoic Zn-Pb-Ag Mineralization in the Foster River Area, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Economic Geology, 110(5), 1193-1214. | |
Steadman, J. A., & Spry, P. G. (2015). Metamorphosed Proterozoic Zn-Pb-Ag Mineralization in the Foster River Area, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Economic Geology, 110(5), 1193-1214. | |
China | |
| Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189, 174 pp. |
| Gu Xiongfei, Ding Kuishou, and Xu Yingnian (1976): Geochimica 1976(2), 107. |
| Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182. |
| Zhang Rubo (1981): Geological Review 27(1), 1-7. |
Czech Republic | |
| Povondra, P., Pivec, E. (eds.) et al.: Přibyslavice peraluminuous granite. Acta universitatis carolinae, Geologica, 1987, no. 3, s . 183 – 283. |
| Beran, P.: Mineralogie ložiska Cu (Ag, Au, Co) rud Tisová u Kraslic. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 65-77. |
| Losos, Z., Fojt, B., Hladíková, J.: Mineralogická charakteristika sulfidického zrudnění u České Vsi u Jeseníku. Scripta Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. Purk. Brun., 1986, vol. 16, No. 3 Geologica, s. 143-170. |
| Łodziński, M., Pieczka, A. (2011): Gahnite inclusions in beryl in pegmatites of the Sowie Mts. Block, the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif and the Hruby Jesenik Massif, Sudety Mts. Mineralogia Special Papers: 38: 131-132 |
Novák, M. et al.: Beryl-columbitový pegmatit z Branné, Hrubý Jeseník. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2003, 88, 113-122. | |
| Novák, M.: Maršíkov - Schinderhübel. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 34-37. |
Duda, Rejl, Slivka: "Mineralien", 1991; Novák, M.: Maršíkov - Scheibengraben. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 38-41. | |
Procházka, J. (1969): Autunit, Bertrandit A Bismutit Z Pegmatitu Od Šumperka. Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. nat., 54, 31-44. (in Czech with Germany summary) | |
Łodziński, M., Pieczka, A. (2011): Gahnite inclusions in beryl in pegmatites of the Sowie Mts. Block, the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif and the Hruby Jesenik Massif, Sudety Mts. Mineralogia Special Papers: 38: 131-132 | |
| Kruťa, T., Paděra, K., Pouba, Z., Sládek, R.: Die Mineralienparagenese in dem Mittleren Teile des Altvatergebirges (Hrubý Jeseník, Hohes Gesenke, ČSSR). Časopis Moravského musea, vědy přírodní, 1968, roč. 53, s. 5-80. |
Łodziński, M., Pieczka, A. (2011): Gahnite inclusions in beryl in pegmatites of the Sowie Mts. Block, the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif and the Hruby Jesenik Massif, Sudety Mts. Mineralogia Special Papers: 38: 131-132 | |
| Čech F., Kruťa T.: Výskyt chrysoberylu v pegmatitu u Salisova ve Slezsku. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1979, 24, 3, 326. |
| Drozen, J., Hájek, J., Špaček, J.: Kyzové ložisko Křižanovice v Železných horách. Věstník Ústředního ústavu geologického, 1987, roč. 62, č. 6, s. 351-361. |
| Staněk, J.: Gahnity z československých pegmatitů. Časopis Moravského musea v Brně, Vědy přírodní, 1960, 45, 31-36. |
| Pauliš P. Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech II. Kuttna, Kutná Hora 2003. |
| Losertová, L., Losos, Z. (2014): W-mineralization from greisen at Cetoraz near Pacov, Czech Republic. 4th Central European Mineralogical Conference, Skalský Dvůr, Czech Republic, 23-26 April 2014, Abstract Volume, 78. ; Němec, D., & Tenčík, I. (1976). Regionally metamorphosed greisens at Cetoraz, the Bohemian-Moravian Heights (Českomoravská vrchovina), Czechoslovakia. Mineralium Deposita, 11(2), 210-217. |
| Houzar S.: Zinkem a baryem bohaté minerální asociace (sfalerit - Zn-spinel - hyalofán - Ba-flogopit) z mramoru u Číchova na západní Moravě (moldanubikum). Acta rerum naturalium (Jihlava), 2015, 18, 1-7. |
| Novák, M., Houzar, S., Šrein, V.: Gahnite-bearing marbles and their significance for regional classification of the eastern part of the Bohemian Massif. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 1997, roč. 42, č. 1-2, s. 33-40. |
Denmark | |
| Peter W. Uitterdijk Appel (1986) Gahnite in an Archaean Iron-Formation, West Greenland. Mineralogical Magazine 50:175-177. |
Uitterdijk Appel, P.W. & Jensen, A. (1987): A new gem material from Greenland: Iridescent orthoamphibole. Gems & Mineralogy. Spring 1987, 36-42 | |
Ethiopia | |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
Finland | |
| Sunblad, Krister et al (2008). Polymetallic metallogeny in the Wiborg batholith, Fennoscandian shield. The 33rd IGC International Geological Congress Oslo 2008. |
| Peltonen, P., Kontinen, A., Huhma, H., and Kuronen, U. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 559-617. |
| Sergeeva, N. E., Eremin, N. I., & Dergachev, A. L. (2011, February). Vanadium mineralization in ore of the Vihanti massive sulfide base-metal deposit, Finland. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 436, No. 2, pp. 210-212). SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.; Geological Survey of Finland 2007 Vihanti - ZINC Database |
| Haapala Ilmari 1977 Petrography and geochemistry of the Eurajoki stock, a rapakivi-granite complex with greisen-type mineralization in Southwestern Finland Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 286; Guidebook, E. (2009). Geological Setting of the Olkiluoto Investigation Site, Eurajoki, SW Finland. |
| Lips, ALW (2006) A review of non-ferrous mineral deposits in Europe - Finalised initial database BRGM/RP -54957 - FR |
| Laitakari, A. (1967): Suomen mineraalien hakemisto. Index of Finnish minerals with bibliography. Bulletin de la Commission géologique de Finlande. No. 230. 842 p. |
| http://www.gsf.fi/explor/zinc/traskbole.htm |
| Niskanen, Maria (2014). Salitun felsisten juonten mineraalikoostumus ja evoluutio. Pro Gradu-tutkielma (2014). Geotieteiden ja Maantieteen Laitos Helsingin Yliopisto.gedrite |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| chalcopyrit |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008. Nyckeln -Zinc Database. |
France | |
| P. Picot, Z. Johan : "Atlas of Ore Minerals", BRGM, Elsevier, 1982 |
| R. De Ascenção Guedes, 2004, Les minéraux et les minéralogistes de Chessy-les-mines, Le Règne Minéral, HS IX, pp 46-84 |
| P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des minéraux d'alluvions", BRGM, 1978. |
P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des minéraux d'alluvions", BRGM, 1978. | |
| CHAURIS L. (1982) - Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc. nat. Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1) p. 14. |
| Sinkankas, 1989. Emerald & Other Beryls. |
| No reference listed |
| Berbain, C., Favreau, G. & Aymar, J. (2005): Mines et minéraux des Pyrénées-Orientales et des Corbières, Association Française de Microminéralogie Ed., 74. |
Guitard, G. (2010): Catalogue raisonné de la collection de minéralogie régionale, C.E.R.P. de Tautavel, 104. | |
Germany | |
| Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German) |
| Obermüller, T., (1993): Der Silberberg bei Bodenmais/Bayer. Wald, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 44, 201-224; Lucchesi, S., Della Giusta, A., & Russo, U. (1998). Cation distribution in natural Zn-aluminate spinels. Mineralogical Magazine, 62(1), 41-54. |
| S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| |
| Blessing,C. & Pock,R. (1991). Mineralbildungen in Schlacken auf dem Gelände der ehemaligen Kupferwerke in Frankfurt/M-Heddernheim. Aufschluss, Jg.42, Nr.6, S.339-57 |
| Bender, D. and Krimmelbein, W. (1994) Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. Stand Juni 1994. Mineralien-Welt, 4/94, 10. |
Greece | |
| Iliopoulos, I. and Katagas, C. (2004) Corundum bearing metabauxites from Ikaria Island (Greece): mineralogy and geochemistry. 10th G.S.G. Congress, 15‐17 April 2004, Thessaloniki, Greece (abstract). |
| American Mineralogist (2003) 88, 789-805 |
| Ockenga, E., Yalçin, Ü., Medenbach, O., and Schreyer, W. (1998) Zincohögbomite, a new mineral from eastern Aegean metabauxites. European Journal of Mineralogy: 10: 1361-1366.; Jambor, J.L., Pertsev, N.N., and Roberts, A.C. (1999) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 84: 1195-1198. |
Guyana | |
| Charles Milton et al. (1967) |
India | |
| Ghosh, B. & Praveen, M.N. (2007): Garnet-gahnite-staurolite relations and occurrence of ecandrewsite from the Koparpani base metal sulfide prospect, Betul Belt, Central India. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 184, 105-116. |
| Höller, W., and Gandhi, S.M. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 60, 99-119. |
| Mineralogical Magazine 63:743-755. |
Italy | |
| De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 (Avril/Juin), 175-188. |
| Bedognè, F. (1991) I minerali dei differenziati acidi di Tanno (Val Chiavenna). Il Naturalista Valtellinese - Atti Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Morbegno, 2, 35-45. |
| AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
| AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. | |
| Mattioli V. (1976): Crisoberillo e gahnite del Croppo. Notizie Gr. Mineral. Lombardo, 7, 3 (sett. 1976), 65; Mattioli V. (1979): Minerali Ossolani. Ed. Arti Grafiche Medesi, Milano, 268 pp.; Piccoli G.C., Maletto G., Bosio P., Lombardo B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" di Alba, Ed., Alba, 607 pp.; Boscardin M., Mattioli V., Rocchetti I. (2013): Minerali della Valle Vigezzo. Litotipografia Alcione, Lavis (Trento), 229 pp. |
| Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. |
| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. |
| Zillertal extraLapis nu.12 - Mineralien Welt 4\2010 |
Folie, K., Gentile, P., Hanke, M., Rocchetti, I. (2010): Mineralien aus der Umgebung des Pfitscher Jochs in Südtirol (II). Mineralien-Welt, 21, 4, 42-67. | |
Japan | |
| Yohei Shirose, Seiichiro Uehara (2013) Li tourmaline from Nagatare, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences Vol. 108 (2013) No. 4 August p. 238-243 |
| Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) |
| Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Ser. C, 6(4), 107-113 (Tokyo) |
| Osakabe, T. & Suzuki, M. (1983) Note on the graphite-free corundum-K feldspar gneiss in the Hida metamorphic belt, central Japan. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, ser. C, 8, #1, 31-42. |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Chihiro Fukuda and Masahide Akasaka (2005) Annual Meeting, JAMP, 2005. |
Kazakhstan | |
| Hwang, S. L., Shen, P., Chu, H. T., & Yui, T. F. (2006). A new occurrence and new data on akdalaite, a retrograde mineral from UHP Whiteschist, Kokchetav Massif, Northern Kazakhstan. International Geology Review, 48(8), 754-764. |
| Shpanov, Y. P., Sidorenko, G. A., & Stolyarova, T. I. (1971). Akdalaite, a new hydrated variety of alumina. International Geology Review, 13(5), 675-680. |
Lithuania | |
| Prušinskienė, S., Šiliauskas, L., & Skridlaitė, G. (2017). Varieties and chemical composition of magnetite in the Varėna iron ore deposit. chemija, 28(1), 39-57. |
Luxembourg | |
| Philippo, S. & Hanson, A. (2007): La minéralisation en antimoine de Goesdorf. Ferrantia 49, 111-146. |
Madagascar | |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Mexico | |
| Peter Megaw collection |
Namibia | |
| Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 543 pp. (in English) |
| P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593. |
| Econ Geology (1993)88:72-90 |
| Ettler, V., Johan, Z., Kříbek, B., Šebek, O. & Mihaljevič, M. (2009): Mineralogy and environmental stability of slags from the Tsumeb smelter, Namibia. Applied Geochemistry 24, 1-15. |
| A. Wohlschläger, U. Kolitsch and E. Libowitzky (2001): Large "gahnites" from near Okahua, Namibia: only Fe- and Zn-bearing spinels. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 146, 323. |
New Zealand | |
| http://crownminerals.med.govt.nz/minerals/docs/comreports/report11_tin.pdf |
Hutton, C. O. (1957): Contributions to the mineralogy of New Zealand. Part IV. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 84, 791-803. [http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_84/rsnz_84_04_007850.pdf] | |
Nigeria | |
| MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, SEPTEMBER 1984, VOL. 48, PP. 425 9; D'Ippolito, V.; Andreozzi, G. B.; Bosi, F.; Halenius, U.; Mantovani, L.; Bersani, D.; Fregola, R. A. (2013): Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization of a natural Zn-rich spinel approaching the endmember gahnite (ZnAl2O4) composition. Mineralogical Magazine 77, 2941-2953. |
| Jacobson, R. & J.S. Webb (1947) The Occurrence of Nigerite, a New Tin Mineral in Quartz-Sillimanite-Rocks from Nigeria. Mineralogical Magazine: 28, 118-128. |
North Macedonia | |
| Schweiz. mineral. petrogr. Mitt. (1994) 74, 321-328; Jancev, S. (2001): Peculiar antimony-bearing minerals of the spinel group in metamorphic rocks from near Nezilovo village, Macedonia. Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya 38, 73-78. ; Estep, C. S. (1977). An overview of the mineralogy of the Nezilovo, Macedonia district as compared to the Franklin, New Jersey deposits (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University). |
| Bermanec et al, 1996; Ermolaeva, V. N., Chukanov, N. V., Jančev, S., & Van, K. V. (2017). Parageneses of Oxygen-bearing Minerals with Chalcophile Elements in Metasomatites of the Pelagonian Massif, Macedonia. In Magmatism of the Earth and related strategic metal deposits (pp. 62-66). |
Chukanov, Nikita V., Jančev, Simeon., Pekov, Igor V. (2015): The association of Oxygen-bearing minerals of the chalcophile elements in the orogenetic zone related to the “mixed series” complex near Nežilovo, Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 115–124 | |
Chukanov, N.V., Krzhizhanovskaya, M.G., Jančev, S., Pekov, I.V., Varlamov, D.A., Göttlicher, J., Rusakov, V.S., Polekhovsky, Y.S., Chervonnyi, A.D., Ermolaeva, V.N. (2018): Zincovelesite-6N6S, Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH), a new högbomite-supergroup mineral from Jacupica mountains, Republic of Macedonia. Mineralogy and Petrology, 112, 733–742. | |
Norway | |
| Scheerer, Th. (1845): Geognostisk-mineralogiske Skizzer samlede paa en Reise sommeren 1842. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaben 4: 126-164 |
| Selbekk R.S. (2010): Norges mineraler. En revidert utgave av Norges mineraler (Neumann 1985). Tapir-NGU-NHM, 552 pp. (p.120) |
| Larsen, A.O. & Erambert, Muriel (2007): Lepidolite from the Litjern pegmatite, Iveland. Bergverksmuseets Skrift nr 35, 21-24 |
Selbekk R.S. (2010): Norges mineraler. En revidert utgave av Norges mineraler (Neumann 1985). Tapir-NGU-NHM, 552 pp. | |
| Frigstad, O. F. (1999): Amazonittpegmatitter i Iveland-Evje. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 15: 60-73 |
Nordrum, F. S. (2004): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2003-2004. STEIN 31 (2), 36-44 | |
| Selbekk R.S. (2010): Norges mineraler. En revidert utgave av Norges mineraler (Neumann 1985). Tapir-NGU-NHM, 552 pp. (p.120) |
| Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, 278 pp ( p. 55). |
| Selbekk R.S. (2010): Norges mineraler. En revidert utgave av Norges mineraler (Neumann 1985). Tapir-NGU-NHM, 552 pp. (p.120) |
Kjerulf, Th. & Dahll(1861): Om Kongsbergs Ertsdistrikt. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaben, 11, 173-207; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68 | |
| Juve, G. (1967): Zinc and lead deposits in the Håfjell syncline Ofoten, northern Norway. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. 244, 1-54 (p.39)Spry, P. & Scott, S. D. (1986): Zincian spinel and staurolite as guides to ore in the appalachians and the scandinavian caledonides. Canadian Mineralogist. 24, 147-163 |
| Vokes, F.M. (1962): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 15. Gahnite in the Bleikvassli ore. Nor. Geol. Tidsskr. 42, 317-329.; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68,p.55 |
| Vokes, F.M. (1962): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 15. Gahnite in the Bleikvassli ore. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 42,317-329 + Neumann (1985, p. 55). |
| Selbekk, R. S. (1991): Noen analyser. STEIN 18 (3): 9-10. |
| Bryhni I. (1993): Minerals from Sauda, Rogaland. MGM Interne notater, 199-205; Andersson, M..et al (2004): Saudaprosjektet -Tipp Raundalen. Mulige miljøkonsekvenser ved deponering av sinkholdig malm. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. Rapport 2004-029 |
| Sørbye, R. C. (1948): Geological studies in the north-eastern part of the Haugesund peninsula, Western Norway. Universitetet i Bergen, Årbok 1948. 6: 1-79; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 55 |
| Pršek, J., Majka, J., Uher, P. & Chudík, P. (2010): Niobium-tantalum minerals in the Skoddefjellet NYF granitic pegmatite, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway: Primary versus secondary assemblage. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 187, 235-248 |
| Kristiansen, R. (2009): A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter, 41, 75-104 |
| Larsen. A.O. & Åsheim, A. (2008): Klauvreid pegmatittbrudd, del 1: Geologi og mineralogi. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 38, 49-56. |
| Vokes, F.M. (1962): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 15. Gahnite in the Bleikvassli ore. Nor. Geol. Tidsskr. 42, 317-329.; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68,p.55 |
| Witsø, Tor (1994): Oppdal. Et spennende geologisk område. Oppdal. 24 pp. Published by Fridtjov Witsø, Oppdal. |
Peru | |
| EDS results by ; EDS results by Joel Dyer (Qv: http://www.mindat.org/forum.php?read,11,395017,395087#msg-395087 ) |
Poland | |
| Łodziński, M., Pieczka, A. (2011): Gahnite inclusions in beryl in pegmatites of the Sowie Mts. Block, the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif and the Hruby Jesenik Massif, Sudety Mts. Mineralogia Special Papers: 38: 131-132 |
| Schakel, E. & Lorenz, H. (2009): Eine Zinn- und Kobaltführende Fahlbandlagerstätte zwischen Gierczyn (Giehren) und Przecznica (Querbach) im Góry Izerskie (Isergebirge) in Polen. Aufschluss. 60, 163-185. |
| E. Szeleg |
Portugal | |
| Marques de Sá, J. & Leal Gomes, C. (2010): Les mines de cuivre et nickel de Palhal et Telhadela, Albergaria-a-Velha, Aveiro, Portugal. Le Règne Minéral, 92, 36-47. |
| Dias, P. A., Pereira, B., Leal Gomes, C., & Guimarães, F. (2009). Structure and Mineralogy of the Muro Alto Granitic Pegmatite (Vieira Do Minho-Portugal) – Peculiar Assemblages of High-F Hydro-thermal Evolution. Estudos Geológicos, 19(2), 105. |
| EV photo |
| |
| |
| Dias P, Leal Gomes C, Guimarães F, Hatert F (2014) Wylie reaction coronas on scorzalite in pegmatite dykes. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 265 |
Russia | |
| Vakh, A. S., Avchenko, O. V., Karabtsov, A. A., & Stepanov, V. A. (2009, October). The first find of grothite in gold ore deposits. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 428, No. 1, pp. 1083-1087). MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica. |
| Sorokina, E. S., Rassomakhin, M. A., Nikandrov, S. N., Karampelas, S., Kononkova, N. N., Nikolaev, A. G., ... & Kotlyarov, V. A. (2019). Origin of Blue Sapphire in Newly Discovered Spinel–Chlorite–Muscovite Rocks within Meta-Ultramafites of Ilmen Mountains, South Urals of Russia: Evidence from Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Isotopic Data. Minerals, 9(1), 36. |
| Pekov, I.V., Sandalov, F.D., Koshlyakova, N.N., Vigasina, M.F., Polekhovsky, Y.S., Britvin, S.N., Sidorov, E.G., Turchkova, A.G. (2018): Copper in Natural Oxide Spinels: The New Mineral Thermaerogenite CuAl2O4, Cuprospinel and Cu-Enriched Varieties of Other Spinel-Group Members from Fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia[i]. Minerals: 8: 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110498; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=14995 |
| Lennikov, A. M., Zalishak, B. L., & Oktyabrsky, R. A. (2004). The Konder massif of ultramafic and alkaline rocks and related PGM mineralization. In Interim IAGOD Conf. Excursion Guidebook. Vladivostok: Dalnauka (p. 29). |
Alekseev, V. I., & Marin, Y. B. (2015). Composition and evolution of accessory mineralization of Li–F granites in the Far East as indicators of their ore potential. Geology of Ore Deposits, 57(8), 635-644. | |
Alekseev, V. I., Marin, Y. B., & Gembitskaya, I. M. (2017). Gahnite in Rare-Metal Metasomatic Rocks of the Verkhneurmiysky Ore Cluster, Amur River Region. Geology of Ore Deposits, 59(8), 765-772. | |
Alekseev, V. I., Marin, Y. B., & Gembitskaya, I. M. (2017). Gahnite in Rare-Metal Metasomatic Rocks of the Verkhneurmiysky Ore Cluster, Amur River Region. Geology of Ore Deposits, 59(8), 765-772. | |
| Irina V. Kozyreva data |
| Voloshin A.V., Pakhomovskii Ya.A. [Волошин А. В., Пахомовский Я. А.] (1986): Minerals and evolution of mineral formation in amazonite pegmatites of the Kola Peninsula [Минералы и эволюция минералообразования в амазонитовых пегматитах Кольского полуострова]. Nauka, Leningrad, 168 pp. (in Russian). |
| Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Mikhailova, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 599-606. |
| [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
| Igor.V. Pekov, Lyudmila R. Memetova (2008) Minerals of the Lipovka Granite Pegmatites, Central Urals, Russia. Mineralogical Almanac 13:6-45 |
| http://webcenter.ru/~minbooks/murz_kaz.html |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Charles W. Smith, R. Ernest Anderson, and M. R. Dehlavi (1976) Geology And Ore Deposits Of The Kutam Mine, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia. U. S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Project Report 211 |
Serbia | |
| Huska, A., Powell, W., Mitrović, S., Bankoff, A., Bulatović, A., Filipović, V. and R. Boger, R. (2015): Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation during the Bronze Age. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal 29, 477-493. |
Slovakia | |
| Chudík, P. & Uher, P. (2009): Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 155, 40. (Abs.) |
| Števko M., Uher P., Ozdín D. (2012) Bizmut a jeho alteračné produkty: akcesorické minerály granitového pegmatitu berylového typu na lokalite Bratislava-Švábsky vrch (Malé Karpaty, Slovensko). Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. (Praha), 20, 2, 226-229 (in Slovak with English abstract). |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k |
| Uher P., Žitňan P., Ozdín D., 2007: Pegmatitic Nb-Ta oxide minerals in alluvial placers from Limbach, Bratislava Massif, Western Carpathians, Slovakia: compositional variations and evolutionary trend. Journal of Geosciences, 52, 1-2, 133-141. |
| Uher, P., Broska, I., 1989: Muskovitický pegmatit s obsahom minerálov vzácnych prvkov při Moravanoch n.V. (Považský Inovec). Min.Slovaca, 21,2,163 – 174; Uher, P., Bačík, P., Ozdín, D., & Števko, M. (2012). Beryl in granitic pegmatites of the Western Carpathians (Slovakia): compositional variations, mineral inclusions and breakdown products. Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series, Szeged, 7, 144. |
Uher P., 2000: Minerály granitových pegmatitov Slovenska-súčasný stav poznatkov. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrologického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 8, 170-180. | |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Minerals of South Africa. The Geological Society of South Africa, 136 pp.; Spry, P. G. (1987). The chemistry and origin of zincian spinel associated with the Aggeneys Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, Namaqualand, South Africa. Mineralium Deposita, 22(4), 262-268. |
[AmMin 85:1562] | |
| Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Minerals of South Africa. The Geological Society of South Africa, 137 pp; |
Spain | |
| Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p. |
| Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp |
| Merino, E., Villaseca, C., Orejana, D., & Jeffries, T. (2013). Gahnite, chrysoberyl and beryl co-occurrence as accessory minerals in a highly evolved peraluminous pluton: the Belvís de Monroy leucogranite (Cáceres, Spain). Lithos, 179, 137-156. |
| ATLANTI, C., & BISCAY, B. (1983). The mineralogy and metamorphism of some gahnite-bearing silicate inclusions in massive sulphides from Fornas, north-west Spain. Mineralogical Magazine, 47, 233-235. |
| Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp |
Sri Lanka | |
| Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
Sweden | |
| Nordstrom, Th. (1872): Om i Falutrakten förekommande mineralbrott. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 1, 119-123 |
| [ZK 120 (1964), 476; Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]; Lucchesi, S., Della Giusta, A., & Russo, U. (1998). Cation distribution in natural Zn-aluminate spinels. Mineralogical Magazine, 62(1), 41-54.; Lasskogen, J. (2010). Volcanological and volcano-sedimentary facies stratigraphical interpretation of the Falun Cu-Zn-Pb-(Ag-Au) sulphide deposit, Bergslagen district, Sweden. MS Thesis; Kampmann, T. C., Stephens, M. B., & Weihed, P. (2016). 3D modelling and sheath folding at the Falun pyritic Zn-Pb-Cu-(Au-Ag) sulphide deposit and implications for exploration in a 1.9 Ga ore district, Fennoscandian Shield, Sweden. Mineralium Deposita, 51(5), 665-680. |
| No reference listed |
| |
| Nysten, P. (2003): Yeatmanite and magnussonite from the Garpenberg Norra mine, Bergslagen ore province, Sweden. Can. Mineral., 41, 201-206 |
Öhman, L., F. Grensman (2000): Garpenberg (Södra). Litofilen, 17, 29-38 | |
No reference listed | |
| |
| |
| Geijer, P. (1965): Types of sulfide ore and associated wall rock alteration in the Öster-Silvberg District, Central Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning. Serie C nr 603 [Årsbok 59 nr 3], 3-32 |
Geijer, P.(1965): Types of sulfide ore and associated wall rock alteration in the Öster-Silvberg District, Central Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning. Serie C nr 603 [Årsbok 59 nr 3], 3-32 | |
| No reference listed |
Jansson, N. F., Erismann, F., Lundstam, E., & Allen, R. L. (2013). Evolution of the paleoproterozoic volcanic-limestone-hydrothermal sediment succession and Zn-Pb-Ag and iron oxide deposits at Stollberg, Bergslagen Region, Sweden. Economic Geology, 108(2), 309-335. | |
| Dana 6:A2:43. |
| No reference listed |
| |
H.-J.Wilke: Die Mineralien und Fundstellen von Schweden.1997 | |
J.Mansfeld.: Mineralogical-minerochemical investigation of Fredriksberg, Karl XV , Hökhult and Kallsjö mineralization in Fröderyd parish, Småland. 1988 | |
| Entered without references |
| Sandström, F., Lorin, T, Niklasson, S.O. & Strand, U. (2011): Zinkgruvan. Litiofilen, 28 (1): 15-37 |
| Kjell Gatedal |
| No reference listed |
| E. Oudin et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 166-169. |
| NJMAh 165, 123 |
| Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. |
| Kjell Gatedal |
| K.Gatedal |
| Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38 |
Sandström, F., Lorin, T. & Strand, U. (2009): Geologi och mineralogi i Gåsgruvefältet, Filipstad. Litofilen. 26 (2): 16-38 | |
Kjell Gatedal | |
| No reference listed |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 175. |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 175. |
| Ansermet, S. with contributions of Meisser, N. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais. II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. Musée de la Nature (Sion), Musée Cantonal de Géologie (Lausanne), and Editions Porte-Plumes (Ayer), 374 pp. |
| |
Turkey | |
| Smith J L (1851) Memoir on Emery - Second Part - On the minerals associated with emery: corundum, hydrargillite, diaspore, zinc spinel, pholerite, ephesite (a new species), emerylite (a new species), muscovite, chloritoid (a new variety), black tourmaline, chlorite, magnetic oxyd of iron, oligiste iron, hydrated oxyd of iron, iron pyrites, rutile, ilmenite and titaniferous iron, American Journal of Science, 11, 53-66 |
UK | |
| O. von Knorring and R. Dearnley (1960) The Lewisian Pegmatites of South Harris, Outer Hebrides. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 32, n° 248, 366-378.; Embrey, P.G. (1978) Fourth supplementary list of British minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 42, n° 322, 169-177 (referring to von Knorring); |
Ukraine | |
| Bobrov, O. B., Merkushin, I. E., Sergienko, V. M., Pogukaj, V. I., Mudrovska, I. V., Voloshyn, O. A., ... & Sivoronov, A. O. (2006, August). Object B2. Mayske gold deposit. In International Field Workshop. IAGOD; Mudrovska, I. V., Merkushin, I. E., Lysenko, A. A., & Bobrov, A. B. (2005). The Savran ore field of the Dniestr-Boug domain, Ukrainian Shield: A rare example of Paleoproterozoic (ca 2 Ga) orogenic gold mineralization related to retrogressive alteration of Archaean (> 3 Ga) granulite-facies host rock. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1021-1024). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.; Bobrov A.B. (2014) Mayske gold deposit. OBJECT G8. IAGOD Field trip. |
| Lazarenko E.K. e.a. Mineralogy of Priazovie, - Kiev, "Naukova Dumka", 1981, p. 432. |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
USA | |
| Econ Geol (1988) 83:182-196 |
Econ Geol (1988) 83:182-196 | |
| Kent England, Pers. Comm., 3/25/13 |
| [micromounts@yahoogroups.com] |
| Foord, E. E. (1977), Famous Mineral Localities: the Himalaya Dike System, Mesa Grande District, San Diego County, California. Mineralogical Record 8(6): p. 471. |
| Jahns, Richard Henry & Wright, Lauren A. (1951), Gem and lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala district, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines Special Report 7-A: p. 31. |
| Van King |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005); Sheridan, Douglas M., Raymond, William H. (1964) Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (gahnite) in Colorado. USGS Bulletin 1550 |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) | |
The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) | |
| ("Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997); U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 829; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005); Sheridan, Douglas M., Raymond, William H. (1964) Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (gahnite) in Colorado. USGS Bulletin 1550 |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
| "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 24 (Table A-1). |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 24 (Table A-1). | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) | |
The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997; Am Min 50:1179-1212; USGS Prof Paper 223; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) | |
| "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 15, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 15, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
| USGS Proffesional Paper 265 |
Pearl, 1958. Colorado Gem Trails & Mineral Guide, p.61.; Am Min 50:96-104; USGS Prof. Paper 227 | |
Bob Cobban; USGS Proffesional Paper 265 | |
Pearl, 1958. Colorado Gem Trails & Mineral Guide; USGS Proffesional Paper 265 | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel; Sheridan, Douglas M., Raymond, William H. (1964) Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (gahnite) in Colorado. USGS Bulletin 1550 |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 601-622 (2005) |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.148; Schooner (1958) |
Betts, John. (1999): The Quarries and Minerals of the Dayton Road District, South Glastonbury, Connecticut. Rocks & Minerals: 74(2): 110-121. | |
| Schooner (1958) |
| Shepard (1837): Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut.; Silliman, Benjamin. (1829): Discovery of Columbite in Chesterfield, Mass. American Journal of Science, s. 2, vol 16. pp. 220-224. |
Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409 | |
Foye, W. G. (1922): Mineral Localities in the Vicinity of Middletown, Connecticut. (American Mineralogist 7:4-12). | |
| Schooner, Richard. (circa 1985), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut mineralogy. |
Schooner, Richard. (1961), The Mineralogy of Connecticut. Fluorescent House, Branford, Connecticut. | |
Harold Moritz collection | |
| Rocks & Minerals (1988) 63:471-472 |
| Rocks & Min.:64:189; Shearer & Hull(1918). |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:194. |
| Rocks & Min.: Vol. 64. |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:200. |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:202. |
| Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92 |
| Piatak, N. M. & Seal, R. R., II (2010): Mineralogy and the release of trace elements from slag from the Hegeler Zinc smelter, Illinois (USA). Applied Geochemistry, 25, 302-320 |
| Maine Mineral Localities, W.B. Thompson, Maine Geological Survey,1998 |
| King, V., and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1. |
Rocks & Min.: 9:15-16.; USGS Bull 445; Guidebook 1 to Mineral Collecting in the Maine Pegmatite Belt Pg 2 | |
Rocks & Minerals (1975) 50:147-151; Rocks & Minerals (1975) 50:240-243 | |
Mineralogical Record 24: 382-383 | |
| Thompson, W.B., et,al., 2000, Rocks & Minerals, vol. 75, no. 6, pgs 408-418 |
| King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1.; Mineralogical Record 22:382 |
| Maine Pegmatite Workshop 2004 |
King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1.; -Guidebook 1 to Mineral Collecting in the Maine Pegmatite Belt pg11-12; Cameron, Eugene N.; and others (1954) Pegmatite investigations, 1942-45, in New England. USGS Professional Paper 255. | |
No reference listed | |
| No reference listed |
"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998 | |
| USGS Bull 445 |
| W. B. Thompson, D. L. Joyner, R. G. Woodman, and V. T. King (2005) A Collector's Guide to Maine Mineral Localities. Maine Geological Survey Bulletin 41 |
| No reference listed |
No reference listed | |
| Harvard Museum of Natural History spec. no. 131802 |
| No reference listed |
King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1.; King and Foord, 2000, Addenda to Volume 1, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2. | |
| Dana 7:I:264.; Econ Geol (1989) 84:663-675 |
| Rocks & Min.: 11: 27 & 121. |
Dana 6: 1071; Rocks & Min.: 11:27, 121. | |
| Mines of the Washington D.C Area |
| Ref.: Minerals of the Washington D.C. Area. |
| Ref.: Minerals in the Washington D.C. Area.; American Mineralogist (1926) 11:35-38 |
| Flint, George M. (1908): Gahnite from Charlemont, Mass. American Journal of Science: 25: 584. |
| Rocks & Min.: 16:215.; Plante, Alan (1992): Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities (Valley Geology Press) |
| Buchholz, T.W., A.U. Falster & W.B. Simmons (2014), Accessory Mineralogy of an Evolved Dickinson County, Michigan, Pegmatite, a presentation before the 41st. Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 25, 2014. |
| |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Dunn(1995):Pt4:580.; Lucchesi, S., Della Giusta, A., & Russo, U. (1998). Cation distribution in natural Zn-aluminate spinels. Mineralogical Magazine, 62(1), 41-54. |
Dunn(1995):Pt3:436. | |
FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) (circa), List of Mineral Species Found on the Franklin Mill Site, Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Society (unpublished). | |
Palache(1935):43; Dunn(1995):Pt4:580. | |
| Dunn, Pete J. (1995) |
| Palache(1935):44; Dunn (1995); Harold Moritz collection.; Leavens, P. B., Zullo, J., & Verbeek, E. (2009). A complex, genthelvite-bearing skarn from the Passaic pit, Sterling Hill mine, Ogdensburg, New Jersey. Axis, 5, 26. |
Metsger, et al: Geol. Soc. of Amer Bull.:69:775-788 (1958); Dunn, P.J. & Frondel, C.: Min.Rec.:21:425-427 (1990); Dunn(1995):Pt4:580-581. | |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996 |
Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. | |
| Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. Ed., 1996 |
Min Rec 22:5 p384 | |
| Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. |
| Jahns, R. H. and Ewing, R. C. (1977): The Harding mine, Taos County, New Mexico. Mineralogical Record, 8 (2): 115-126. |
| www.nysam.org |
| Mineralogical Record 2:43 |
| Ross, C.S.,(1935) Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the Southern Appalachian region :U.S Geological Survey Professional Paper 179 |
| Agortino,John P.D and Whitlow,Jesse W.(1985) Cassiterite Occurrences in the Shelby Area North and South Carolina: U.S Geological Survey Bulletin 1569 |
| Ross, C.S.,(1935) Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the Southern Appalachian region: U.S Geological Survey Professional Paper 179 |
Ross, C.S.,(1935) Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the Southern Appalachian region::USGS Professional Paper 179 | |
Ross, C.S.,(1935) Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the Southern Appalachian region :U.S Geological Survey Professional Paper 179 | |
Pratt,Joseph Hyde (1933) Gems and Gem Minerals of North Carolina: American Mineralogist,Vol.18,No.4,April,1933 | |
E.WM.Heinrich,1950,Paragenesis of the Rhodolite Deposit,Masons Mountain,North Carolina,The American Mineralogist,Vol.35 | |
Ross, C.S.,(1935) Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the Southern Appalachian region: U.S Geological Survey Professional Paper 179 | |
Milton,Daniel J.,(1986) Chloritoid -Sillimanite Assemblage from North Carolina : American Mineralogist,Vol.71,pg.891-894,1986 | |
| Dana 7:I:695; Dana 6:735. |
| Spry,P.G.,and Scott,S.D.,(1986a) The stability of zircian spinels in sulfide systems and their potential as exploration guides for metamorphosed massive sulfide sulfide deposits :Economic Geology,v.81,p.1446-1463 |
| Rocks & Min.: 15:271. |
| Rocks & Min.:60:85 (see also Dana 7:I:695). |
Rocks & Min.: 15:271. | |
| Ross, C.S.,(1935) Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the Southern Appalachian region: USGS Professional Paper 179 |
| Ex: Philadelphia Academy of Science collection. |
| Gordon, Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, 1922 p. 190 |
| Nicolay & Stone (1967), Rocks & Minerals: A Guide For Collectors of the Eastern US |
| Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich |
D. Grier, 1994 | |
| No reference listed |
Owens, B.E.,Belkin, H.E., and Zerolis, J.M (2013) Margarite, Corundum, Gahnite, and Zincohogbomite in a blackwall, Raleigh Terrane, Eastern Piedmont Province, USA :Mineralogical Magazine, Oct 2013, Vol. 77 (7) pp. 2913-2929 | |
| Rocks & Min.:60:165. |
Rocks & Min.:60:165. | |
Rocks & Min.: 60:165. | |
Rocks & Min.: 60:165. | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
SANDHAUS D.J. & CRAIG, J .R. (1986): GAHNITE IN THE METAMORPHOSED STRATIFORM MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS OF THE | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
Rocks & Min.: 60:167. | |
| Robert C. Smith, II Ph.D, P.G. |
| Buchholz, T., A. Falster, A. & W. Simmons (2003) The Waterloo quarry: a new location for gahnite, manganocolumbite and tantalite in southern Wisconsin: Rocks and Minerals78, (2): 118. |
| Jones, C., J. Jones & G. LaBerge, G. (1999). The Flambeau Mine, Ladysmith, Wisconsin. Mineralogical Record, 30 (2), 107-131. |
| Rocks&Min 76:23-241 |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:386 |
Zambia | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy Vol II p399 |
| Behling, S.C., Wilson, W.E. (2010) The Kagem emerald mine, Kafubu area, Zambia. The Mineralogical Record, 41:1, 59-67. |
| Maria Boni, Rosario Terracciano, Giuseppina Balassone, Sarah A. Gleeson und Alexander Matthews (2011): The carbonate-hosted willemite prospects of the Zambezi Metamorphic Belt (Zambia). Mineralium Deposita 46, 707-729. |
Maria Boni, Rosario Terracciano, Giuseppina Balassone, Sarah A. Gleeson und Alexander Matthews (2011): The carbonate-hosted willemite prospects of the Zambezi Metamorphic Belt (Zambia). Mineralium Deposita 46, 707-729. | |
| Kampunzu, A.B., Cailteux, J.L.H., Kamona, A.F., Intiomale, M.M., and Melcher, F. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 263-297. |
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Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin mining district, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA