Garnet Supergroup
This page kindly sponsored by Mark Kucera
About Garnet Supergroup
Formula:
X3Z2(TO4)3
X = Ca, Fe, etc., Z = Al, Cr, etc., T = Si, As, V, etc.
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named from granatum (a pomegranate) for its resemblance to seeds of this fruit.
A group of cubic and pseudocubic nesosilicates, arsenates, vanadates and members with TO4 groups where T = Al, Fe3+, Te.
The current nomenclature was established by Grew et al. (2013).
Found in many rock types.
Note: Garnet group, synonymous with the colloquially used term garnet, is a group name encompassing the very common silicate garnets (almandine, spessartine, grossular, andradite etc.).
The current nomenclature was established by Grew et al. (2013).
Found in many rock types.
Note: Garnet group, synonymous with the colloquially used term garnet, is a group name encompassing the very common silicate garnets (almandine, spessartine, grossular, andradite etc.).
Classification of Garnet Supergroup
Notes:
IMA Approved Group Name
Optical Data of Garnet Supergroup
Type:
Isotropic
Chemical Properties of Garnet Supergroup
Formula:
X3Z2(TO4)3
X = Ca, Fe, etc., Z = Al, Cr, etc., T = Si, As, V, etc.
X = Ca, Fe, etc., Z = Al, Cr, etc., T = Si, As, V, etc.
Crystallography of Garnet Supergroup
Crystal System:
Isometric
Crystallographic forms of Garnet Supergroup
Crystal Atlas:
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Synonyms of Garnet Supergroup
Other Language Names for Garnet Supergroup
Bulgarian:Гранат
Croatian:Granati
Czech:Granát
Esperanto:Grenato
Estonian:Granaadid
Farsi/Persian:لعل
Finnish:Granaatti
Georgian:გრანატები
German:Granatgruppe
Eisensteinflöße
Eisensteinflöße
Hebrew:גארנט
Japanese:柘榴石
Lithuanian:Granatas
Portuguese:Granada
Russian:Гранат
Slovak:Skupina granátu
Spanish:Granates
Swedish:Granater
Ukrainian:Гранати
Relationship of Garnet Supergroup to other Species
Group Members:
Berzeliite Group | ||
Berzeliite | (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Manganberzeliite | NaCa2Mn2+2(AsO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Palenzonaite | (Ca,Na)3CaMn2+2(VO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Schäferite | Ca2NaMg2(VO4)3 | Iso. |
Bitikleite Group | ||
Bitikleite | Ca3SbSn(AlO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Dzhuluite | Ca3SbSnFe3+3O12 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Elbrusite | Ca3(Zr1.5U6+0.5)Fe3+3O12 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Usturite | Ca3SbZr(Fe3+O4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Blythite | Mn2+3Mn3+2[SiO4]3 | |
Cryolithionite | Na3Li3[AlF6]2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 | |
Almandine | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Calderite | (Mn2+,Ca)3(Fe3+,Al)2(SiO4)3 | Iso. |
Eringaite | Ca3Sc2(SiO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Goldmanite | Ca3V3+2(SiO4)3 | Iso. |
Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Knorringite | Mg3Cr2(SiO4)3 | Iso. |
Majorite | Mg3(Fe2+,Si,Al)2(SiO4)3 | Iso. |
Menzerite-(Y) | {(Y,REE),(Ca,Fe2+)}3{(Mg,Fe2+),(Fe3+,Al)}2[SiO4]3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Momoiite | (Mn2+,Ca)3V3+2(SiO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Morimotoite | Ca3(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)2((Si,Fe3+)O4)3 | Iso. |
Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso. |
Spessartine | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Henritermierite Group | ||
Henritermierite | Ca3(Mn3+,Al)2(SiO4)2(OH)4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
Holtstamite | Ca3(Al,Mn3+)2(SiO4)2(OH)4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
Katoite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x (x = 1.5-3) | Iso. |
Khoharite | Mg3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 | |
Monteneveite | Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Nikmelnikovite | Ca12Fe2+Fe3+3Al3(SiO4)6(OH)20 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Schorlomite Group | ||
Hutcheonite | Ca3Ti2(SiAl2)O12 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Irinarassite | Ca3Sn2Al2SiO12 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Kerimasite | Ca3Zr2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Kimzeyite | Ca3(Zr,Ti)2((Si,Al,Fe3+)O4)3 | Iso. |
Schorlomite | Ca3(Ti,Fe3+)2((Si,Fe3+)O4)3 | Iso. |
Toturite | Ca3Sn2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Skiagite | Fe2+3Fe3+2[SiO4]3 | |
UM1984-37-SiO:CrMn | Mn2+3(Cr3+,Mn3+)2Si3O12 | |
Yafsoanite | Ca3Zn3(TeO6)2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Garnet Supergroup in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
- Igneous rock
- Sedimentary rock and sediment
- Metamorphic rock
- Metasedimentary rock
- High-grade metamorphic rock
- Very low to low-grade metamorphic rock
- Gneiss
- Granofels
- Schist
- Metasomatic-rock
References for Garnet Supergroup
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Hutton, Colin Osborne (1962), Composition of some garnets in low-grade schists Royal Society of New Zealand Geology 1: 129-133.
McConnell, D. (1964): Refringence of garnets and hydrogarnets. Canadian Mineralogist 8, 11-22.
Evans, B.W. (1965), Microprobe study of zoning in eclogite garnets: Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstract with Program: 54.
Sobolev, N.V., Jr., Kuznetsova, I.K., and Zyuzin, N.I. (1968) The petrology of grospydite xenoliths from the Zagadochnaya Kimberlite pipe in Yakutia. Journal of Petrology: 9: 253-280.
Dudley, P.P. (1969), Electron microprobe analyses of garnets in glaucophane schists and associated eclogites: American Mineralogist: 54: 1139-1150.
Sawatzky, G.A., Van Der Woude, F., and Morrish, A.H. (1969) Recoilness-fraction ratio for 57Fe in octahedral and tetrahedral sites of a spinel and a garnet. Physical Reviews: 183(2): 383-386.
Reid, A.M., Brown, R.W., DAwson, J.B., Whitfield, G.G., and Siebert, J.C. (1976) Garnet and pyroxene compositions in some diamondiferous eclogites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 58: 203-220.
Green, T.H. (1977) Garnet in silicic liquids and its possible use as a P-T indicator. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 65: 59-67.
Kolesnik, Y.N., Nogteva, V.V., and Paukov, I.Y. (1977) The specific heat of pyrope at 13 to 300 K and the thermodynamic parameters of some natural varieties of garnet. Geochemistry International 1977: 126-133.
Newton, R.C., Charlu, T.V., and Kleppa, O.J. (1977) Thermochemistry of high pressure garnets and clinopyroxenes in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 41: 369-377.
Schwartz, K.B., Nolet, D.A., and Burns, R.G. (1980) Mössbauer spectroscopy and crystal chemistry of natural Fe-Ti garnets. American Mineralogist: 65: 142-153.
Smith, B.K. (1982), Plastic deformation of garnets; mechanical behavior and associated microstructures, 208 p. University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
Cecchini A., Franzini M., Troysi M.(1988): Nuovi dati sulla microdurezza dei granati. Atti Soc.Tosc.Sc.Nat., Mem., Serie A, 95, 21-28.
Bell, D.R., Ihinger, P.D., and Rossman, G.R. (1995) Quantitative analysis of trace OH in garnet and pyroxenes. American Mineralogist: 80: 465-474.
Mukhopadhyay, B., Holdaway, M.J., and Koziol, A.M. (1997) A statistical model of the thermodynamic mixing properties of Ca-Mg-Fe2+ garnets. American Mineralogist: 82: 165-181.
Nakano, T. and Ishikawa, Y. (1997) Chemical zoning of pegmatite garnets from the Ishikawa and Yamonoo areas, northeastern Japan. Geochem. Journal: 31: 105-118.
Kolesov, B.A. and Geiger, C.A. (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 25: 142-151.
Voegele, V., J.I. Ando, P. Cordier, & R.C. Liebermann (1998), Plastic deformation of silicate garnets; , High-pressure experiments. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors: 108: 305-318.
Voegele, V., P. Cordier, V. Sautter, T.G. Sharp, J.M. Lardeaux, & F.O. Marques (1998), Plastic deformation of silicate garnets; II, Deformation microstructures in natural samples. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors: 108: 319-338.
Bofa Ballaran, T., Carpenter, M.A., Geiger, C.A., and Kozol, A. (1999) Local structural heterogeneity in garnet solid solutions. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 26: 554-569.
Wang, L., E.J. Essene, & . Zhang (1999), Mineral inclusions in pyrope crystals from Garnet Ridge, Arizona, USA; implications for processes in the upper mantle: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 135: 164-178.
Wang, Z., S. Ji, T.E. Rivers, D.R.M.E. Pattison, & R.F.E. Martin (1999): Deformations of silicate garnets; brittle-ductile transition and its geological implications, Mineral-scale processes in metamorphic petrology; the Kretz volume. Canadian Mineralogist: 37(2): 525-541.
Arredondo, E.H. and Rossman, G.R. (2002) Feasibility of determining the quantitative OH content of garnets with Raman spectroscopy. American Mineralogist: 87: 307-311.
Wang, L., Essene, E.J., and Zhang, Y. (2000) Direct observation of immiscibility in pyrope-almandine-grossular garnet. American Mineralogist: 85: 41-46.
Geiger, C. A. (2013): Garnet: A key phase in nature, the laboratory, and technology. Elements 9, 447-452.
Galoisy, L. (2013): Garnet: From stone to star. Elements 9, 453-456.
Grew, E. S., Locock, A. J., Mills, S. J., Galuskina, I. O., Galuskin, E. V., & Hålenius, U. (2013): Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup. American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811. [http://nrmima.nrm.se/Published%20garnet%20paper.pdf]
Internet Links for Garnet Supergroup
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1651.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Significant localities for Garnet Supergroup
Showing 100 significant localities out of 15,307 recorded on mindat.org.
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| [Almandine] Dart, T. (2007) Thackaringa Garnets. The Australian and New Zealand Mineral Collector Magazine, No.2: 3-8. |
| [Andradite] Whitehead, 1990; Ralph Bottrill 6/10/2005.; Singoyi, B. (1995). Mineral paragenesis, geochemistry and fluid characteristics of the Kara scheelite-magnetite skarn deposit, Northwestern Tasmania (Masters dissertation, University of Tasmania). |
| [Majorite] Smith, J. V.; Mason, Brian 1970 Pyroxene-Garnet Transformation in Coorara Meteorite. Science, Volume 168, Issue 3933, pp. 832-833 |
Austria | |
| [Almandine] Dieter Dobnik; |
Canada | |
| [Calderite] KLEIN, C. (1966): Mineralogy and petrology of the metamorphosed Wabush iron formation, southwest Labrador. Journal of Petrology 7, 246-305. DUNN, P.J. (1979): On the validity of calderite. Canadian Mineralogist 17, 569-571. |
| [Menzerite-(Y)] Grew E.S., Marsh J.H., Yates M.G., Lazic B., Armbruster T., Locock A., Bell S.W., Dyar M.D., Bernhardt H.J., Medenbach O. (2010): Menzerite-(Y), a new species, {(Y,REE)(Ca,Fe2+)2}[(Mg,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Al)](Si3)O12, from a felsic granulite, Parry Sound, Ontario, and a new garnet end-member, {Y2Ca}[Mg2](Si3)O12. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48, 1171-1193. |
Czech Republic | [Pyrope] Danas System of Mineralogy 4th ed |
| [Grossular var: Hibschite] Ulrych, J. et al. (2000): Tertiary phonolite laccolith of Mariánská hora hill, N. Bohemia: geological, petrological and mineralogical characteristics. Acta Montana IRSM AS CR, series A No. 15 (116), p. 5-44. |
Denmark | |
| [Cryolithionite] Overs. K. D. (1904) Vid. Selsk. Forh.: 1: 3; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 99, 112.; Petersen, O.V. and Secher, K. (1993): The minerals of Greenland. Mineralogical Record 24 (2): 1-65 (p.36) |
France | |
| [Grossular] Favreau G., Meisser N., Chiappero P.J. (2004), Saint-Maime (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence): un exemple de pyrométamorphisme en région provençale, n°3, pp: 59-92 |
Germany | |
| [Spessartine] Beudant, 1832 |
| [Almandine] Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990 |
| [Schäferite] Krause, W., Blass, G., Effenberger, H., Schäferit, a new vanadium garnet from the Bellerberg volcano, Eifel, Germany, N. Jb. Miner. Mh. 1999 (3), 123-134 |
Greece | |
| [Spessartine] Paraskevopoulos, G., & Marakis, G. (1972). Studies on the Mineral Spessartite from the Manganese Deposit District of the Paros Island, Greece. Chemie der Erde: Beiträge zur chemischen Mineralogie, Petrographie und Geologie, 295. |
Iran | |
| [Andradite var: Demantoid] Vachik Hairapetian Collection |
Italy | |
| [Katoite] Passaglia, E. & Turconi, B. (1982): Silicati ed altri minerali di Montalto di Castro - VT. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1982, 97-110. |
| [Palenzonaite] Palenzona A. (1986) - Palenzonaite, Gamagarite ed Haradaite, Val Graveglia, Liguria - Riv Min. It, Milano, n. 1, 1986 pp. 13-16 and [MinRec 32:355] |
| [Grossular var: Hessonite] Marco Macchieraldo, personal find |
| [Monteneveite] Karlsson, A., Holtstam, D., Bindi, L., Bonazzi, P. and Konrad-Schmolke, M. (2018) Monteneveite, IMA 2018-060. CNMNC Newsletter No. 45, October 2018: page xxx; Mineralogical Magazine: 82: xxx-xxx; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=14984 |
Japan | |
| [Momoiite] Tanaka, H. et al. (2010) Momoiite (Mn2+,Ca)3(V3+,Al)2Si3O12, a new manganese vanadium garnet from Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 105, 92-96. [http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmps/105/2/92/_pdf] |
| [Garnet Group] Amir Akhavan Collection |
| [Andradite] N. Shimobayashi, et al. (2005) Rainbow garnet from Tenkawa village in Nara. (www.gaaj-zenhokyo.co.jp/researchroom/2005/2005_12b-01e.html); Yurie NAKAMURA, Takahiro KURIBAYASHI, Toshiro NAGASE, Hiroyuki IMAI (2017) Cation ordering in iridescent garnet from Tenkawa village, Nara prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 112, #2, 97-101. ,; Akira Miyake, Yohei Igami, Chang Yuhchyuan, Norimasa Shimobayashi, Kenji Tsuda (2018) CBED analysis of iridescent garnets from Tenkawa, Nara Prefecture, Japan. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 466 |
| [Morimotoite] Mineralogical Magazine (1995): 59: 115-120; Mineralogical Record: 27: 304. |
Lesotho | |
| [Knorringite] AmMin 53 (1968), 1833-1840 |
Mexico | |
| [Hutcheonite] Ma, C. and Krot, A.N. (2013) Hutcheonite, IMA 2013-029. CNMNC Newsletter No. 16, August 2013, page 2707; Mineralogical Magazine, 77, 2695-2709. |
| [Andradite var: Demantoid] Mineralogical Record Special Issue III, Nov.-Dec. 2003, Volume 34, No. 6 http://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/winter-2015-gemnews-mexican-demantoid-new-deposits |
Morocco | |
| [Henritermierite] Bull.Soc.fr.Min.Crist. 92 (1969), 185; Handbook of Mineralogy 2/1 (1995) |
Namibia | |
| [Calderite] VERMASS, F.H.S. (1952): Manganese-iron garnet from Otjosondu, South-West Africa. Mineralogical Magazine 29, 946-951; Dunn, P.J. (1979): On the validity of calderite. Canadian Mineralogist 17, 569-571; Amthauer, G., Katz-Lehnert, K., Lattard, D., Okrusch, M., Woermann, E. (1989): Crystal chemistry of natural Mn3+-bearing calderite-andradite garnets from Otjosondu, SWA/Namibia. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 189, 43-56; CLARK, A.M. (1993): Hey's Mineral Index (3rd ed.). Chapman and Hall, London, U.K. (107).; Cabral, A. R., Moore, J. M., Mapani, B. S., Koubová, M., & Sattler, C. D. (2011). Geochemical and mineralogical constraints on the genesis of the Otjosondu ferromanganese deposit, Namibia: hydrothermal exhalative versus hydrogenetic (including snowball-earth) origins. South African Journal of Geology, 114(1), 57-76. |
Norway | |
| [Andradite] d’Andrada, J. B. (1800): Der eigenschaften und kennzeichen einiger neuen fossilien aus Schweden und Norwegen nebst einigen chemischen bemerkungen ueber dieselben. Allgemeines Journal der Chemie 4, 28-39 |
Portugal | |
| [Spessartine] Felix Garcia Garcia Mineral Collection |
Russia | |
| [Dzhuluite] Galuskina, I. O., Galuskin, E. V., Kusz, J., Dzierżanowski, P., Prusik, K., Gazeev, V. M., ... & Dubrovinsky, L. (2013). Dzhuluite, Ca3SbSnFe3+ 3O12, a new bitikleite-group garnet from the Upper Chegem Caldera, Northern Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25(2), 231-239 |
[Toturite] Galuskina, I.O., Krüger, B., Galuskin, E.V. ,Armbruster, T., Gazeev, V.M., Włodyka, R., Dulski, M. & Dzierżanowski, P. (2015): Fluorchegemite, Ca7(SiO4)3F2, a new mineral from the edgrewitebearing endoskarn zone of an altered xenolith in ignimbrites from Upper Chegem Caldera, Northern Caucasus, Kabardina-balkaria, Russia; Occurrence, crystal structure, and new data on the mineral assemblages. Canadian Mineralogist. 53, 325-344. | |
[Usturite] Gałuskina, I.O., Gałuskin, E.V., Armbruster, T., Lazić, B., Dzierżanowski, P., Gazeev, V.M, Prusik, K., Pertsev, N.N., Winiarski, A., Zadov, A.E., Wrzalik, R., Gurbanov, A.G. (2010): American Mineralogist 95(7), 959-967. | |
| [Nikmelnikovite] Krivovichev, S.V., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Panikorovskii, T.L., Savchenko, E.E., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Mikhailova, J.A., Selivanova, E.A., Kadyrova, G.I. and Ivanyuk, G.Y. (2019) Nikmelnikovite, IMA 2018-043. CNMNC Newsletter No. 47, February 2019, page 201; European Journal of Mineralogy, 31: 199–204. |
| [Uvarovite] [MinRec 25:218]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Суставов, С. Г., Шагалов, Е. С., Нурмухаметов, Ф. З., & Главатских, С. П. (2012). ПЕРВАЯ НАХОДКА В РОССИИ ОКСИГИДРАТОВ ХРОМА-ГРИМАЛЬДИТА И ГВИАНАИТА В ЮЖНО-САРАНОВСКОМ ХРОМИТОВОМ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИИ. Литосфера, (3), 154-159. |
| [Yafsoanite] ZVMO (1982) 111, 118-121; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow |
[Eringaite] I. O. Galuskina, E. V. Galuskin, B. Lazic, T. Armbruster, P. DzierżAnowski, K. Prusik and R. Wrzalik(2010):Eringaite, Ca3Sc2(SiO4)3, a new mineral of the garnet group, Mineralogical Magazine, Vol.74(2), pp.365–373; Gałuskina, I.O., Gałuskin, E.V., Lazic, B., Armbruster, T., Dzierżanowski, P., Prusik, K., Wrzalik, R. (2010): Eringaite, Ca3Sc2(SiO4)3, a new mineral of the garnet group. Mineralogical Magazine, 74, 365-373. | |
[Grossular] Handbuch der Mineralogie by CAS Hofmann,(1811) 1, 479; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Evseev, A. A. (1973) Siberia's Crystals and Symmetry in the Distribution of Occurences of Minerals. World of Stone 1:11-20 | |
| [Grossular] [MinRec 32:41]; Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003): Mineralogy of rodingites of the Bazhenovsk ultrabasic massif [Минералогия родингитов Баженовского гипербазитого массива]. Nauka, Sankt-Peterburg, 129 pp. (in Russian). |
South Africa | |
| [Holtstamite] Am. Min. (2005): 90: 1946; European Journal of Mineralogy: 17(2): 375-382. |
Sweden | |
| [Berzeliite] [MinRec 19:295, 10:216-217]; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. |
Switzerland | |
| [Garnet Group] PITTARD J.-J.(1936). La Recherche de l’or dans la Région de Genève, 93p., Société Générale d’Imprimerie, Genève |
| [Manganberzeliite] Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 266.; Roth, P. & Meisser, N. (2011): I minerali dell'Alpe Tanatz. Passo dello Spluga (Grigioni, Svizzera). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/2011, 90-99 |
Tanzania | |
| [Kerimasite] Zaitsev, A.N., Williams, C.T., Britvin, S.N., Kuznetsova, I.V., Spratt, J., Petrov, S.V., and Keller, J. (2010): Mineralogical Magazine 74(5), 803-820. |
| [Grossular var: Tsavorite] Feneyrol J., Gaston,G., Ohnenstetter D., Le Goff E., Malisa, E. P.J., Saul, M. Saul, E. Saul, J. & Pardieu, V. (2010): Lithostratigraphic and structural controls of ‘tsavorite’ deposits at Lemshuku, Merelani area, Tanzania. Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 342 (10), 778-785. |
Turkey | |
| [Almandine] Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; Galoisy, L. (2013). Garnet: From Stone to Star. Elements, 9(6), 453-456. |
USA | |
| [Schorlomite] Shepard CU: Amer.J.Sci. 2nd ser.(1846) 2, 249-254; Chakhmouradian, A. R.; McCammon, C. A. (2005): Schorlomite: a discussion of the crystal chemistry, formula, and inter-species boundaries. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32, 277-289.; Rocks and Minerals, (1976) 51:495-507 |
[Kimzeyite] Rocks & Min.: 64:326. | |
| [Grossular] "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 |
| [Garnet Group] Maneotis: 2008 |
| [Almandine] Silliman, Benjamin. (1821), Remarkable Locality of Garnet, American Journal of Science, 1st series: 3(2): 241-2.; Manchester, James G. (1931): The Minerals of New York City and Its Environs. New York Mineralogical Club Bulletin: 3(1): 85. |
[Grossular var: Hessonite] Murphy, Raymond H., Jr. (1966), Mineralogy of West Redding, Conn., Garnet Locality, Rocks and Minerals, 41(12): 896-897. | |
| [Grossular] Shannon, Earl V. (1921b), Some Minerals from the Old Tungsten Mine at Long Hill in Trumbull, Connecticut. Proceedings U.S. National Museum: 58(2348): 469-482.; Dave Bodnar collection. |
[Grossular] P. Cristofono collection; Dave Bodnar collection. | |
| [Almandine] Hiller, John. (1967), unpublished sketch map. |
| [Almandine] Harold Moritz collection |
| [Almandine] www.treasuremountainmining.com; Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409 |
| [Grossular] Emerson, B. K. (1902), Note on Corundum and a Graphitic Essonite, from Barkhamsted, Connecticut. American Journal of Science: s. 4, 14: 234-6. |
| [Almandine] Hiller, John. (1982), Unpublished sketch map.; Gates, Robert M. and Nikolas L. Christensen. (1965). The Bedrock Geology of the West Torrington Quadrangle. State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut Quadrangle Report No. 17. |
| [Almandine] Taylor, Steuben. (1823). Localities of minerals. American Journal of Science: s. 1, 6: 246. |
| [Almandine] Van King; USGS Prof Paper 255; Januzzi (1959); Elwell, Wilbur. (1937): Some Old Localities in Connecticut. Rocks and Minerals, vol 12, no. 9, pp. 270-1. |
| [Almandine] Yedlin, Leo N. (1947), Garnet at Roxbury and W. Redding, Conn. Rocks and Minerals, 22(9): 824-825.; Hiller, John. (1983), The Green's Farm Garnet Mine. Gems and Minerals: (547): 34-36. |
| [Almandine] Harold Moritz observations. |
| [Almandine] Taylor, Steuben. (1824), Miscellaneous localities of minerals. American Journal of Science: s. 1, 7: 253-4.; Schairer, J. F. (1931), The Minerals of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 51. |
[Almandine] Field collected by Harold Moritz, confirmed by XRF. | |
| [Spessartine] Seybert, Henry (1823): Analysis of a manganesian garnet from Haddam. American Journal of Science s. 1, v. 6, p. 155-57. |
| [Almandine] Harold Moritz collection and photo |
[Grossular] Davis, James W. (1901): The Minerals of Haddam, Conn. Mineral Collector, v. 8, no. 4, pp. 50-54, and no. 5, pp. 65-70. | |
[Spessartine] Seaman, David M. and Robert P. Gallant (1960): SPESSARTITE GARNET WITH HEXOCTAHEDRAL FACES FROM JAIL HILL, HADDAM, CONNECTICUT Rocks & Minerals, Vol. 35, Nos. 9-10, pp. 445-8.; Schooner, Richard. (1961): THE MINERALOGY OF CONNECTICUT.; Rocks & Min.: 70:403; Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut minerals. | |
[Almandine] Harold Moritz collection | |
| [Almandine] Harold Moritz collection |
| [Andradite var: Topazolite] Dana, Edward S. (1877): On the occurrence of Garnets with the Trap of New Haven, Connecticut. American Journal of Science Series 3, Volume 14, page 215.; Longwell & Dana, 1932. Walks & Rides in Central CT & MA, p.228. |
| [Andradite var: Melanite] Dana, Edward S. (1877): On the occurrence of Garnets with the Trap of New Haven, Connecticut. American Journal of Science Series 3, Volume 14, page 215. |
| [Almandine] Jarnot & Jarnot (2004) |
| [Almandine] Field observations |
| [Almandine] Skehan, James W. (2008), Roadside Geology of Connecticut and Rhode Island. Mountain Press, Missuola, Montana: 110. |
| [Almandine] Ague, J. J. (1995): Deep Crustal Growth of Quartz, Kyanite and Garnet into Large-Aperature, fluid-filled fractures, northeastern Connecticut, USA. Journal of Metamorphic Geology: 13: 299-314. |
| [Almandine] "Arthur Koch - collection" |
| [Grossular] "Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998 |
| [Almandine] Harvard Museum of Natural History, no.117812 |
| [Almandine] Kunz, George F. (1885). Precious Stones - abstract from Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Years 1883 and 1884 (Washington, DC: USGS), p. 746; Emerson, B. K. (1895): A Mineralogical Lexicon of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden Counties, Massachusetts (USGS Bulletin 126). |
| [Spessartine] Dunn, P. J. (1976). On gem rhodonite from Massachusetts (J. Gemm 15(2): 76-80.) |
| [Grossular] P. Cristofono collection; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index |
| [Andradite] Dunn(1995): Pt3: 357-359. |
| [Goldmanite] Moench, R.H. & Meyrowitz, R. (1964): Goldmanite, a vanadium garnet from Laguna, New Mexico. American Mineralogist. 49, 644-655 |
| [Grossular] Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State (Dana, 1874) (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938) (Whit¬lock, 1903). |
| [Almandine] Michael Streeter.,2003,A Rockhounding Guide to North Carolinas Blue Ridge Mountains:pp.66-67 Wilson,W.F and McKenzie, B.J.,1980,Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina :NCGS Information Circular 24 pg. 38 |
[Grossular] K. Wood collection | |
Zimbabwe | |
| [Almandine] P Haas collection |
Kimmeria, Xanthi, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece