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Gaudefroyite

A valid IMA mineral species
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06474390014948245723828.jpg
Gaudefroyite

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
03078010014977212918595.jpg
Gaudefroyite, etc.

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
09546760017108242324943.jpg
Gaudefroyite

N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
06129550015222272997802.jpg
Gaudefroyite

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
00570850014952501046984.jpg
Gaudefroyite, etc.

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
05244890017059129938330.jpg
Gaudefroyite

N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
03156170014977517544466.jpg
Gaudefroyite

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
03078010014977212918595.jpg
Gaudefroyite, etc.

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
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About GaudefroyiteHide

09302510014946690034606.jpg
Christophe Gaudefroy
Formula:
Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.35 - 3.50
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named in 1964 by Georges Jouravsky and François Permingeat in honor of Christophe-Léon Gaudefroy (1878, Beaucamps-le-Vieux, Somme, France - 1971), French ecclesiastic and mineralogist. He was the professor of mineralogy at the Catholic Institute of Paris for nearly 30 years and also worked at the Sorbonne. After that, he worked for the Geological Survey of Morocco.
Opaque, but transparent in thin slivers.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1660
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1660:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
352d9fcd-03fb-4aff-814d-70d5fd1c4d72

IMA Classification of GaudefroyiteHide

Classification of GaudefroyiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
6.AB.60

6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
27.1.2.1

27 : COMPOUND BORATES
1 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:
10.4.6

10 : Borates with other anions
4 : Borates with carbonate

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
GfyIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of GaudefroyiteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous, Dull
Transparency:
Opaque
Comment:
Vitreous to dull
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Brown
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=840 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Prismatic {11.0)
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.35 - 3.50 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.49(5) g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of GaudefroyiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.805 - 1.810 nε = 2.015 - 2.020
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.210
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Anisotropism:
Strong, in pale gray
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm11.2%15.4%
440nm10.4%14.2%
480nm9.9%13.4%
520nm9.6%12.8%
560nm9.5%12.3%
600nm9.4%12.1%
640nm9.3%11.9%
680nm9.3%11.7%
700nm9.3%11.7%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 15.4%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray
Internal Reflections:
Strong yellow-orange to reddish
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
O = pale yellowish brown; E = red-orange

Chemistry of GaudefroyiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3
Elements listed:
B, C, Ca, H, Mn, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of GaudefroyiteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.589(1) Å, c = 5.891(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.556
Unit Cell V:
572.04 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Hexagonal prisms with pyramidal terminations. (1010), (1120), (2021), (1121), (1011).
Twinning:
None observed in type material
Comment:
Point Group: 6 or 6m.; Space Group: P63 or disordered P63/m

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0006167GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0298
0006168GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006169GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006170GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006171GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006172GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006173GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006174GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006175GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006176GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006177GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006178GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006179GaudefroyiteAntao S M, Hassan I (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure The Canadian Mineralogist 46 183-1932008Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa0293
0006635GaudefroyiteHoffmann C, Armbruster T, Kunz M (1997) Structure refinement of (001) disordered gaudefroyite Ca4Mn3[(BO3)3(CO3)O3]: Jahn-Teller-distortion in edge-sharing chains of MnO6 octahedra European Journal of Mineralogy 9 7-1919970293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.95 Å(vs)
2.62 Å(vs)
2.46 Å(vs)
9.1 Å(s)
4.54 Å(s)
2.69 Å(s)
1.80 Å(s)
4.89 Å(m)
2.31 Å(m)
2.23 Å(m)
1.91 Å(m)
1.49 Å(m)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)

Type Occurrence of GaudefroyiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Tachgagalt Mine, Tansifte Caïdat, Agdz Cercle, Zagora Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
General Appearance of Type Material:
Acicular hexagonal prisms up to 5 cm long, with pyramidal terminations.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological Survey of Morocco, Rabat, Morocco.
Natural History Museum, Paris, France, 165.34.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal mineral in manganese deposits
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
QuartzPyrolusiteMarokiteHausmanniteCrednerite
CalciteBruciteBraunite
Reference:
Jouravsky, G., Permingeat, F. (1964) La gaudefroyite, une nouvelle espèce minérale. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie: 87: 216-229.
Download:
https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/BSFMC87_216.pdf

Synonyms of GaudefroyiteHide

Other Language Names for GaudefroyiteHide

Simplified Chinese:碳硼锰钙石
Spanish:Gaudefroyita
Traditional Chinese:碳硼錳鈣石

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
113 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with AndraditeCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
47 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with BaryteBaSO4
39 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4
31 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O
28 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with CalciteCaCO3
18 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with HematiteFe2O3
10 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with OyeliteCa10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O
8 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with SturmaniteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O
6 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with ThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
6 photos of Gaudefroyite associated with ManganiteMn3+O(OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

6.AB.Rhabdoborite-(Mo)Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2Hex. 6 : P63
6.AB.ChubaroviteKZn2(BO3)Cl2Trig. 3 2 : R3 2
6.AB.SavelievaiteMg2Cr3+O2(BO3)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.05HambergiteBe2(BO3)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
6.AB.10BerboriteBe2(BO3)(OH,F) · H2OTrig.
6.AB.15JeremejeviteAl6(BO3)5(F,OH)3Hex. 6/m : P63/m
6.AB.20Warwickite(Mg,Ti,Fe,Al)2O(BO3)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
6.AB.20YuanfuliiteMg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
6.AB.25Karlite(Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(◻,Cl)0.5Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 2
6.AB.30Azoproite(Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30BonaccorditeNi2Fe3+(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30FredrikssoniteMg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30LudwigiteMg2Fe3+(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30VonseniteFe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30MarinaiteCu2Fe3+O2(BO3)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
6.AB.35Pinakiolite(Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
6.AB.35FolvikiteSb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4Mon. 2 : P2
6.AB.40BlatteriteSb5+3(Mn3+,Fe3+)9(Mn2+,Mg)35(BO3)16O32Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
6.AB.40ChestermaniteMg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
6.AB.40Orthopinakiolite(Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
6.AB.40Takéuchiite(Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
6.AB.45Hulsite(Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2Mon. 2/m : P2/m
6.AB.45Magnesiohulsite(Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2Mon. 2/m : P2/m
6.AB.45Aluminomagnesiohulsite(Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2Mon. 2/m : P2/m
6.AB.50FluoboriteMg3(BO3)(F,OH)3Hex. 6/m : P63/m
6.AB.50HydroxylboriteMg3(BO3)(OH)3Hex. 6/m : P63/m
6.AB.55ShabyniteMg5(BO3)(OH)5(Cl,OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
6.AB.55WightmaniteMg5(BO3)O(OH)5 · 2H2OMon. 2/m
6.AB.65SakhaiteCa48Mg16(BO3)32(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
6.AB.70HarkeriteCa48Mg16[AlSi4O15(OH)]4(BO3)16(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl)Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
6.AB.75Pertsevite-(F)Mg2(BO3)(F,OH)Orth. mm2 : Pna21
6.AB.75Pertsevite-(OH)Mg2(BO3)(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
6.AB.80JacquesdietrichiteCu2(H2BO3)(OH)3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna
6.AB.85PainiteCaZrAl9(BO3)O15Hex. 6/m : P63/m
6.AB.85Rhabdoborite-(V)Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1)Hex. 6 : P63
6.AB.85Rhabdoborite-(W)Mg12(W6+,V5+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} Hex. 6 : P63
6.AB.90Mengxianminite(Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2Orth. mm2 : Fdd2

Other InformationHide

IR Spectrum:
Tachgagalt mine material [cm-1]: 1494s, 1219s, 1138, 1110, 937, 878w, 856, 795w, 764, 752w, 735sh, 724s, 663, 621s, 591s, 550sh, 470s, 408w
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for GaudefroyiteHide

References for GaudefroyiteHide

Reference List:
Jouravsky, Georges, Permingeat, François (1964) La gaudefroyite, une nouvelle espèce minérale. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 87 (2) 216-229 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1964.5729
Couffon, M., Protas, J. (1964) Etude et description de la structure de la gaudefroyite. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie: 87(4).
Jouravsky, Georges, Permingeat, François (1964) La gaudefroyite, une nouvelle espèce minérale. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 87 (2) 216-229 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1964.5729
Fleischer, M. (1965) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 50: 805-813 (806).
Yakubovich, O.V., Simonov, M.A., Belov, N.V. (1975) Accurate definition of Gaudefroyite Ca4Mn33+O3(BO3)3(CO3) crystal structure. Kristallografiya: 20(1): 152-155.
Yakubovich, O.V., Simonov, M.A., Belov, N.V. (1975) Structure refinement of gaudefroyite. Soviet Physics and Crystallography: 20: 87-88.
Beukes, G.J., Bruiyn, H.D., Van der Westhuizen, W.A. (1993) Gaudefroyite from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte: 1993(9): 385-392.
Grew, Edward S., Anovitz, Lawrence M., Grew, Edward S., Anovitz, Lawrence M. - Eds. (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America
Hoffmann, Christina, Armbruster, Thomas, Kunz, Martin (1996) Structure refinement of (001) disordered gaudefroyite Ca4Mn3+3[(BO3)3(CO3)O3]: Jahn-Teller-distortion in edge-sharing chains of Mn3+O6 octahedra. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9 (1) 7-20 doi:10.1127/ejm/9/1/0007
Hassan, I., Duane, M.J. (1999) The differential thermal analysis of gaudefroyite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 37: 1363-1368.
Hassan, Ishmael (2000) Transmission electron microscopy study of gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn63+[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]. American Mineralogist, 85 (9) 1188-1194 doi:10.2138/am-2000-8-911
Antao, S. M., Hassan, I. (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn3+6[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]: high-temperature crystal structure. The Canadian Mineralogist, 46 (1) 183-193 doi:10.3749/canmin.46.1.183
Chukanov, Nikita V. (2014) Infrared spectra of mineral species Vol. 1 - Springer Geochemistry/Mineralogy. Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7128-4
Frost, R.L., Scholz, R., Lópes, A., Xi, Y., Gobac, Ž.Ž., de Carvalho Lana, C. (2014) Vibrational spectroscopy of the borate mineral gaudefroyite Ca4Mn3-x3+(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH) from N’Chwaning II mine, Kalahari, Republic of South Africa. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy: 120: 265-269.
(2023) Gaudefroyite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for GaudefroyiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany
 
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
Schäfer (2016)
Morocco (TL)
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Zagora Province
      • Agdz Cercle
        • Tansifte Caïdat
Jouravsky et al. (1964)
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
        • Black Rock
        • N'Chwaning Mines
Von Bezing et al. (1991)
Cairncross et al. (1995) +2 other references
Von Bezing (1991) +1 other reference
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