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Gaylussite

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Gaylussite

Lake Amboseli, Kajiado County, Kenya
Gaylussite, etc.

Wadi El-Natrun depression, Beheira, Egypt
Gaylussite

Lake Chad, Central Africa
Gaylussite

Lake Amboseli, Kajiado County, Kenya
Gaylussite, etc.

Wadi El-Natrun depression, Beheira, Egypt
Gaylussite

Lake Chad, Central Africa
Gaylussite

Lake Amboseli, Kajiado County, Kenya
Gaylussite, etc.

Wadi El-Natrun depression, Beheira, Egypt
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About GaylussiteHide

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Formula:
Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O
Colour:
Colourless, yellowish, greyish, white; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
1.991
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850.
The original source of Gayllusite is Laguna de Urao near the town of Lagunillas.
This page provides mineralogical data about Gaylussite.


Classification of GaylussiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
5/D.02-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
5.CB.35

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates)
Dana 8th ed.:
15.2.2.1

15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
2 : AmBn(XO3)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p > 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
11.1.14

11 : Carbonates
1 : Carbonates of the alkali metals and ammonium

Physical Properties of GaylussiteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, yellowish, greyish, white; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
Uncoloured to greyish white
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {110} perfect; {001} rather difficult.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
1.991 g/cm3 (Measured)    1.991 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of GaylussiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.444 nβ = 1.516 nγ = 1.523
2V:
Measured: 34° , Calculated: 34°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.079
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
relatively strong r < v

Chemical Properties of GaylussiteHide

Formula:
Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O
Elements listed:
C, Ca, H, Na, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of GaylussiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.589 Å, b = 7.780 Å, c = 11.207 Å
β = 102.5°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.49 : 1 : 1.44
Unit Cell V:
986.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals frequently elongated [100]; also flattened, wedge-shaped, with dominant {110}, and {011}. Surfaces commonly rough, with {011} striated {111}.

Crystallographic forms of GaylussiteHide

Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
Gaylussite no.8 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Gaylussite no.13 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes

Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent

View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Type Occurrence of GaylussiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Laguna de Urao, Lagunillas, Mérida, Venezuela
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Lacustrine clay sediments in an alkali lake.

Synonyms of GaylussiteHide

Other Language Names for GaylussiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
CalciteCaCO3
NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
PirssoniteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 2H2O
ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2O
TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Calcite3 photos of Gaylussite associated with Calcite on mindat.org.
Northupite2 photos of Gaylussite associated with Northupite on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

5.CB.05ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
5.CB.10NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
5.CB.15TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m
5.CB.20MonohydrocalciteCaCO3 · H2OTrig. 3 : P31
5.CB.25IkaiteCaCO3 · 6H2OMon.
5.CB.30PirssoniteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 2H2OOrth. mm2 : Fdd2
5.CB.40ChalconatroniteNa2Cu(CO3)2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m
5.CB.45BaylissiteK2Mg(CO3)2 · 4H2OMon.
5.CB.50TuliokiteNa6BaTh(CO3)6 · 6H2OTrig.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

11.1.1ZabuyeliteLi2CO3Mon. 2/m : B2/b
11.1.2NatriteNa2CO3Mon.
11.1.3NahcoliteNaHCO3Mon. 2/m
11.1.4WegscheideriteNa5H3(CO3)4Tric. 1 : P1
11.1.5ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
11.1.6TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m
11.1.7NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
11.1.8KaliciniteKHCO3Mon. 2/m
11.1.9ShortiteNa2Ca2(CO3)3Orth. mm2 : Amm2
11.1.10NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
11.1.11NatrofairchilditeNa2Ca(CO3)2Orth.
11.1.12ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2Hex.
11.1.13PirssoniteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 2H2OOrth. mm2 : Fdd2
11.1.15BaylissiteK2Mg(CO3)2 · 4H2OMon.
11.1.16FairchilditeK2Ca(CO3)2Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
11.1.17BütschliiteK2Ca(CO3)2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
11.1.18Teschemacherite(NH4)HCO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Effloresces slowly in dry air. Soluble in acids with effervescence. Slightly soluble in water. Dehydrated powder decomposed by water into sodium carbonate solution and calcium carbonate residue. Alters readily to calcite.
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Dehydrates with efforvescence in dry air.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Gaylussite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

References for GaylussiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Boussingault (1826) Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 31: 270 (as Gay-Lussite).
Phillips, W. (1827) Observations on the Crystalline Form, &c. of the Gaylussite. The Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 1:4, 263-266.
Glocker, E.F. (1839) Handbuch der Mineralogie, 2nd. edition, Nürnberg: 673 (as Natrocalcit).
Hartmann (1843) Minéralogie: 2: 271.
Des Cloizeaux (1858) Annales des mines: 14: 400.
Arzruni (1881) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 6: 30.
Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 301.
de Schulten (1896) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 123: 1023.
Pratt, Joseph Hyde (1896), On northupite; pirssonite, a new mineral; Gaylussite and hanksite from Borax Lake, San Bernardino County, California: Am. Jour. Sci., 4th. series: 2: 123-135; …Zeitschr. Kristallographie, Band 27: 416-429 (1896); …(abstract): Neues Jahrb., Band 2: 451-455 (1897).
Bütschli (1907) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 75: 556.
Hintze, Carl (1916) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3A]: 2796.
Goldschmidt, V. (1918) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text, vol. 4: 29.
Niinomy (1930) Economic Geology: 25: 758.
Murdoch, Joseph (1951), Notes on California minerals: nuevite = samarskite; trona, and hanksite; Gaylussite: Am. Min.: 36: 358-361.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 234-235.
Fang, J.H., P.D. Robinson, J.F. Cerven & L.A. Wolf (1967), Computer program for refining cell parameters from Wiessenberg photographs and its application to indexing the powder pattern of Gaylussite: Am. Min.: 52: 1570-1572.
Monroe, E.A. (1967), Unit cell and space group of Gaylussite, CaCO3•Na2CO3•5H2O: Zeits. Krist: 124: 459.

Internet Links for GaylussiteHide

Localities for GaylussiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Victoria Land
      • Ross Island
Browne, P.R.L. 1973 Secondary minerals in cores from DVDP 1 and 2. Dry Valley Drilling Project bulletin 2: 83-93 Browne, P.R.L. 1974 Secondary minerals from Ross Island drillholes. Dry Valley Drilling Project bulletin 04:15
Argentina
 
  • Salta Province
    • Los Andes department
Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry
Canada
 
  • Saskatchewan
Shang, Y. (2000). Mineralogy, lithostratigraphy and geochemistry of North Ingebright Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. PhD thesis University of Manitoba.
Greengrass, K., Last, W. M., Deleqiat, J., & Suklmn, S. (1999). Waldsea lake Revisited: Another look at the Recent History of One of Western Canada's Best-studied Meromictic lakes.
Central Africa
 
Manfred Mader collection (see photo)
Chad
 
  • Kanem Region (Khanem)
Bull.Soc.fr.Min.Crist.(1972) 95, 372-382
China
 
Kezao Chen (1992): Quaternary Sciences 3(8), 193-202; Jiping Wang, Jianming Zhou, Xiulian Ma, and Qingtang Yang (1999): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 19(3), 315-319
  • Tibet
    • Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture)
      • Nyima Co. (Nima Co.)
Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
      • Shuanghu Co.
Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
    • Ngari
      • Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.)
Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
    • Xigazê Prefecture (Rikaze Prefecture; Shigatse Prefecture)
      • Zhongba Co.
Mianping Zheng and Wengao Liu (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(3), 221-226; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Wen Qi and Mianping Zheng (1995): Journal of Lake Sciences 7(2), 133-140; Mianping Zheng, Heran Yuan, Junying Liu, Yanhe Li, Zhibang Ma, and Qing Sun (2007): Acta Geologica Sinica 81(12), 1608-1617
  • Xinjiang
    • Wulumuqi Prefecture (Ürümqi Prefecture; Ürümchi Prefecture)
      • Midong District
Bingxiao Li (1992): Journal of Lake Sciences 4(1), 48-55
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Karlovy Vary District
      • Jáchymov
        • Rovnost Mine (Werner Mine)
Plášil J., Hloušek J., Škoda R. (2013): Chalkonatronit, Na2Cu(CO3)2(H2O)3, ze žíly sv. Ducha, Jáchymov (Česká republika) [Chalconatronite, Na2Cu(CO3)2(H2O)3, from the „sv. Duch“ vein, Jáchymov (Czech Republic)]. Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. (Praha) 21, 228-233.
Egypt
 
  • Beheira
Marchesini, M., Barresi, A. (2009) I minerali di Wadi natrun, Deserto Occidentale, Egitto, Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2009, 228-258.
Italy
 
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Manciano
R. Meli (1999): I minerali delle discariche e delle scorie del Fosso del Tafone (Grosseto). - Riv. Min. Ital., 23 3: 187-191.
    • Siena Province
      • Chiusdino
Brizzi G., Ciselli I, Santucci A. (1988) - Cetineite ed altre novità dalle Cetine di Cotorniano - Riv. Miner. Ital., Milano, fasc. 3, pp.73-82; Menchetti, S., Batoni, M., Batacchi, C., Borselli, G., Brogi, A., Ceccantini, L., Fassina, B., Marchesini, M., Rossellini, A. & Ruggieri, G. (2015): Le Cetine di Cotorniano. Miniera e minerali. Associazione Micro-Mineralogica Italiana, Cremona, 354 p.
Kenya
 
  • Kajiado County
Bill Wall specimens (collected 1970s)
Mexico
 
  • Yucatán
    • northwest coastline of the Yucatán peninsula
      • Puerto Chicxulub
        • Chicxulub impact structure
L. Zürcher and D.A. Kring, Meteoritic and Planetary Science, 1 July 2004, V 39, N° 7, pp. 1199-1221.
Mongolia
 
  • Gobi Desert
    • Eastern Gobi Desert
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 235.
Russia
 
  • Crimea
    • Kerch Peninsula
      • Bondarenkovo Village area
Deyak M.A. Modern water-chemogenic formations of mud volcanoes of Kerch Peninsula. Dissertation to Scientific Candidate Degree in Geological Sciences in speciality 04.00.21 – lithology. –Department of marine geology and sedimentary ore formation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. – Kyiv, 2010.
  • Murmansk Oblast
www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
  • Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
    • Daldyn-Alakit kimberlite field
      • Daldyn
Sharygin, V. V., Kamenetsky, V. S., & Kamenetsky, M. B. (2008). Potassium sulfides in kimberlite-hosted chloride–“nyerereite” and chloride clasts of Udachnaya-East pipe, Yakutia, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 46(4), 1079-1095.
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Bystrica Co.
      • Dolný Harmanec
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
South Africa
 
  • Gauteng
    • Pretoria District (Tshwane District)
Minerals of South Africa
Spain
 
  • Aragón
    • Huesca
      • Flumen-Monegros District
Vizcayno, C., Garcia-Gonzalez, M. T., Gutierrez, M., & Rodriguez, R. (1995). Mineralogical, chemical and morphological features of salt accumulations in the Flumen-Monegros district, NE Spain. Geoderma, 68(3), 193-210.
  • Madrid
    • Ciempozuelos
- González del Tánago, Ch. and González del Tánago, J. (2002). Minerales y minas de Madrid
Switzerland
 
  • Vaud (Waadt)
    • Bex
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 179.
Tanzania
 
  • Arusha Region
Manega, Paul C. & Bieda, Sophie (1987): Modern sediments of Lake Natron, Tanzania. Sciences Geologiques, Bulletin 40, 83-95.
Zaitsev, A. N., & Keller, J. (2006). Mineralogical and chemical transformation of Oldoinyo Lengai natrocarbonatites, Tanzania. Lithos, 91(1), 191-207.
Tunisia
 
  • Tataouine
Smykatz-Kloss, W., & Roy, P. D. (2010). Mineralogía de evaporitas y geoquímica de elementos mayores como herramientas para la investigación paleoclimática en regiones áridas: una síntesis. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 62(3), 379-390.
USA
 
  • California
    • Inyo Co.
      • Deep Springs Valley
Jones, Blair Francis (1961), Zoning of saline minerals at Deep Spring Lake, California: USGS PP 424-B, Article 83: B200; Hardie, L.A. and Eugster, H.P. (1970) The evolution of closed-basin brines. Mineralogical Society of America Special Paper 3: 232; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 207.
      • Owens Valley
        • Olancha
Smith, George Irving & W.P. Pratt (1957), Core logs from Owens, China, Searles and Panamint Basins, California: USGS Bulletin 1045-A: 5; Hay, Richard Le Roy & Richard J. Moiola (1963), Authigenic silicate minerals in three desert lakes of eastern California (abstract): Program New York Meeting, Geological Society of America: 76A; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 151, 197; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 207, 374.
    • Kern Co.
      • China Lake [town]
        • China Lake
Smith, George Irving & W.P. Pratt (1957), Core logs from Owens, China, Searles and Panamint Basins, California: USGS Bulletin 1045-A: 16; Hay, Richard Le Roy & Richard J. Moiola (1963), Authigenic silicate minerals in three desert lakes of eastern California (abstract): Program New York Meeting, Geological Society of America: 76A; Moiola, Richard J. & Richard L. Hay (1964), Zeolite zones in Pleistocene and recent sediments of China Lake, California (abstract): Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section Meeting, Berkeley, California: 47, April 1963; […Geological Society of America Special Paper 76: 215 (1964)]: 47; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 71, 151, 287.
    • Lake Co.
      • Sulphur Creek District (Sulfur Creek District; Wilbur Springs District)
        • Clear Lake
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Clear Lake Oaks
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 233, 235; Vonsen, Magnus (1935), The discovery of borates in California: Mineralogist: 3(12): 22; Vonsen, Magnus & G.D. Hanna (1936), Borax Lake, California: California Division Mines Report 32: 103; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 197, 280, 289, 374; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 207, 208.
    • Mono Co.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 235; Russell, Israel Cook (1889), Quaternary history of Mono Valley, California: USGS 8th. Annual Report: 297; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 197.
    • San Bernardino Co.
      • Owlshead Mts
Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 102; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 198.
Hanks, Henry Garber (1892), Gaylussite (new variety), San Bernardino County, California): Mining & Science Press: 64: 222; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 197; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 235, 633.; Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1915), Mineralogy of the Searles Lake deposits in Salines in the Owens, Searles, and Panamint basins, southeastern California: USGS Bulletin 580: 296-308
  • Nevada
    • Churchill Co.
      • Dixie Marsh
U.S. Geological Survey (2005) Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Ragtown
        • Carson Sink
USBM Inf Circ 7093 (1939)
USBM Inf Circ 7093 (1939)
    • Esmeralda Co.
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • Lander Co.
      • Reese River District
Kampf, A.R., Mills, S.J., Nash, B.P., Jensen, M., Nikischer, T. (2015): Apexite, NaMg(PO4)·9H2O, a new struvite-type phase with a heteropolyhedral cluster. American Mineralogist, 100, 2695–2701
    • Mineral Co.
NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; American Mineralogist,Vol.49:1366-1387; Cahit Helvaci, Federico Ortí, Javier García-Veigas, Laura Rosell, Ibrahim Gündoğan (2012). Neogene Borate Deposits: Mineralogy, Petrology and Sedimentology; A workshop with special emphasis on the Anatolian deposits International Earth Science Colloquium on the Aegean Region (IESCA-2012, İzmir, Turkey). 64pp.
    • Nye Co.
NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Nye County, Nevada
NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
  • Oregon
    • Lake Co.
Am.Min.54:1034
  • Washington
    • Grant Co.
      • Soap Lake
 Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon 1975
      • Warden
 Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon 1975
www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/okanogan.htm.
  • Wyoming
    • Natrona Co.
      • Sweetwater Valley
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 235.
    • Sweetwater Co.
      • Green River Basin
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 233, 279.; Farrington, O. C. (1900) New mineral occurrences. Field Columbian Mus. Pub. 44, Geol,. Ser. l, (7),221-231
Am Min 26:646-650
Venezuela (TL)
 
  • Mérida
    • Lagunillas
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 235.
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