Graftonite
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About Graftonite
Formula:
Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2
Colour:
Usually reddish brown, occasionally light brown, rarely salmon-pink; nearly colorless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
3.67 - 3.79
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Samuel L. Penfield in 1900 the type locality on Melvin Mountain, Grafton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA.
Type Locality:
Beusite-Graftonite Series.
The correct formula (IMA CNMMN 2017 redefinition) is: FeFe2(PO4)2.
A primary phosphate mineral found in complex granitic pegmatites.
Chemically related to sarcopside.
Tait et al. (2013) observed that Ca may be dominant at M(1) in graftonite-like compositions and suggested a possible new member; this was later confirmed and the species named graftonite-(Ca) (IMA CNMMN 2017 redefinition).
The correct formula (IMA CNMMN 2017 redefinition) is: FeFe2(PO4)2.
A primary phosphate mineral found in complex granitic pegmatites.
Chemically related to sarcopside.
Tait et al. (2013) observed that Ca may be dominant at M(1) in graftonite-like compositions and suggested a possible new member; this was later confirmed and the species named graftonite-(Ca) (IMA CNMMN 2017 redefinition).
Classification of Graftonite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Approval History:
Redefined by IMA in february 2017 as Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2.
7/A.04-20
8.AB.
8.AB.20
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
38.3.3.1
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
3 : (AB)3(XO4)2
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
3 : (AB)3(XO4)2
19.12.36
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
Physical Properties of Graftonite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Usually reddish brown, occasionally light brown, rarely salmon-pink; nearly colorless in transmitted light.
Comment:
May be dark brown due to alteration.
Streak:
White to faintly pink, when unaltered.
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}, good; on {100}, poor, but not eaily observed.
On {010}, good; on {100}, poor, but not eaily observed.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.67 - 3.79 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.95 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured values vary with the ratio of Fe:Mn:Ca. 3.775 = measured (from Nickel Plate Mine, SD, USA).
Optical Data of Graftonite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.695 - 1.709 nβ = 1.699 - 1.714 nγ = 1.719 - 1.736
2V:
Measured: 20° to 60°, Calculated: 56°
Birefringence:
0.026
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.024 - 0.027

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
relatively weak to r>>v
Optical Extinction:
X = b, Z ^ c = 36°
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = Colourless
Y = Colourless
Z = Pink
Y = Colourless
Z = Pink
Chemical Properties of Graftonite
Formula:
Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Graftonite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.87 Å, b = 11.57 Å, c = 6.17 Å
β = 99.2°
β = 99.2°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.767 : 1 : 0.533
Unit Cell V:
625.06 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Generally found as parallel lamellae in triphylite or occasionally with other primary phosphates in granite pegmatite. Morphological "crystals" are essentially unknown. Pseudomorphs of heterosite after graftonite "crystals" are stout prismatic; also occurs as rough composite crystals of graftonite in triphylite.
Comment:
American Mineralogist 67:826 (1982) structure; Neutron diffraction indicates three distinct cation sites
Epitaxial Relationships of Graftonite
Epitaxial Minerals:
Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
Epitaxy Comments:
As coarsely laminated intergrowths with Triphylite, both phases mutually oriented with graftonite {010} [100] parallel to triphylite {102} [010].
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.42 | (100) |
3.02 | (50) |
2.92 | (50) |
2.91 | (40) |
2.84 | (80) |
2.83 | (70) |
2.79 | (30) |
2.73 | (60) |
Comments:
ICDD 27-250
Type Occurrence of Graftonite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Complex granite pegmatite.
Synonyms of Graftonite
Other Language Names for Graftonite
Varieties of Graftonite
Calcian Graftonite | Associated with maneckiite in a pegmatite. |
Relationship of Graftonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 | Mon. |
Beusite-(Ca) | CaMn2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Graftonite-(Ca) | CaFe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Graftonite-(Mn) | MnFe2+2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Quartz | SiO2 |
Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Triphylite | 9 photos of Graftonite associated with Triphylite on mindat.org. |
Sarcopside | 5 photos of Graftonite associated with Sarcopside on mindat.org. |
Schorl | 3 photos of Graftonite associated with Schorl on mindat.org. |
Quartz | 1 photo of Graftonite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Alluaudite Group | 1 photo of Graftonite associated with Alluaudite Group on mindat.org. |
Vivianite | 1 photo of Graftonite associated with Vivianite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
8.AB. | Borisenkoite | Cu3[(V,As)O4]2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AB.05 | Farringtonite | Mg3(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AB.10 | Ferrisicklerite | Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4 | Orth. |
8.AB.10 | Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
8.AB.10 | Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
8.AB.10 | Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
8.AB.10 | Purpurite | (Mn3+,Fe3+)PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
8.AB.10 | Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 | Orth. |
8.AB.10 | Simferite | Li(Mg,Fe3+,Mn3+)2(PO4)2 | Orth. |
8.AB.10 | Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
8.AB.10 | Karenwebberite | Na(Fe2+,Mn2+)PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
8.AB.15 | Sarcopside | (Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)3(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AB.15 | Chopinite | (Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AB.20 | Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 | Mon. |
8.AB.25 | Xanthiosite | Ni3(AsO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AB.30 | Lammerite | Cu3(AsO4)2 | Mon. |
8.AB.30 | Lammerite-β | Cu3(AsO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AB.35 | Mcbirneyite | Cu3(VO4)2 | Tric. |
8.AB.35 | Stranskiite | Zn2Cu(AsO4)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AB.35 | Pseudolyonsite | Cu3(VO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AB.40 | Lyonsite | Cu3Fe4(VO4)6 | Orth. |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
38.3.3.2 | Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
19.12.1 | Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.2 | Bermanite | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.3 | Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.4 | Sidorenkite | Na3Mn2+(CO3)(PO4) | Mon. |
19.12.5 | Niahite | (NH4)(Mn2+,Mg)(PO4) · H2O | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
19.12.6 | Robertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
19.12.7 | Pararobertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.8 | Sinkankasite | Mn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH) · 6H2O | Tric. |
19.12.9 | Mangangordonite | Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. |
19.12.10 | Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.11 | Purpurite | (Mn3+,Fe3+)PO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.12 | Wolfeite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.13 | Triploidite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.14 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Tet. |
19.12.15 | Frondelite | Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
19.12.16 | Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
19.12.17 | Kryzhanovskite | (Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3 | Orth. |
19.12.18 | Landesite | Mn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O | Orth. |
19.12.19 | Phosphoferrite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.20 | Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
19.12.21 | Earlshannonite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
19.12.22 | Hureaulite | (Mn,Fe)5(PO4)2(HPO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.23 | Switzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O | Mon. |
19.12.24 | Laueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.25 | Pseudolaueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.26 | Strunzite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.27 | Stewartite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.28 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
19.12.29 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | |
19.12.30 | Fillowite | {Mn2+}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mn2+,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
19.12.31 | Johnsomervilleite | Na10Ca6Mg18Fe25(PO4)36 | Trig. |
19.12.32 | Wicksite | NaCa2(Fe2+,Mn2+)4MgFe3+(PO4)6 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
19.12.33 | Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | {KNa}{Mn2+◻}{Ca}{Na3}{Mn2+13}{Al}(PO4)12(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.34 | Sarcopside | (Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)3(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.35 | Ludlamite | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.37 | Wilhelmvierlingite | CaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O | Orth. |
19.12.38 | Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.39 | Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 | Mon. |
19.12.40 | Messelite | Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
19.12.41 | Jahnsite-(CaMnFe) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.42 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMn) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.43 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.44 | Keckite | CaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.45 | Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 | Mon. |
19.12.46 | Laubmannite | (Fe2+,Mn2+,Ca)3Fe3+6(PO4)4(OH)12 | |
19.12.47 | Zodacite | Ca4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O | Mon. |
19.12.48 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.49 | Maghagendorfite | (□,Na,)(Na,Ca,Fe2+)Mn(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)3(PO4)3 | Mon. |
19.12.50 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.51 | Griphite | Na4Li2Ca6(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)19Al8(PO4)24(F,OH)8 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) |
19.12.52 | Attakolite | (Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)4(HPO4,PO4)3(SiO4,PO4)(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
19.12.53 | Arrojadite-(KFe) | {KNa}{Fe2+◻}{Ca}{Na2◻}{Fe2+13}{Al}(PO4)11(HPO4)(OH)2 | Mon. |
19.12.54 | Lun'okite | (Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
19.12.55 | Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca |
19.12.56 | Ernstite | (Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O | Mon. |
19.12.57 | Childrenite | Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mm2 : Ccc2 |
19.12.58 | Bobfergusonite | Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
19.12.59 | Qingheiite | NaMn3+Mg(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.60 | Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.61 | Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m |
19.12.62 | Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
19.12.63 | Rittmannite | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. |
19.12.64 | Zanazziite | Ca2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
19.12.65 | Samuelsonite | (Ca,Ba)Ca8Fe2+2Mn2+2Al2(PO4)10(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Fluorescence of Graftonite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Graftonite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Penfield, S.L. (1900) On graftonite, a new mineral from Grafton, New Hampshire, and its intergrowth with triphylite. The American Journal of Science: 159: 20-32.
Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 81.
Berman (1927) American Mineralogist: 12: 170.
Grill (1935) Periodico de Mineralogia-Roma: 6: 19 (as Repossite).
Glass and Fahey (1937) American Mineralogist: 22: 1035.
Switzer (1937) American Mineralogist: 23: 814.
Tatarinov (1937) Micas of the U.S.S.R., Leningrad (Min. Abs. (1946): 9: 30).
Parker, de Quervain and Weber (1939) Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Frauenfeld: 9: 302.
Strunz (1939) Zentralblatt Mineralien: 248.
Frondel, C. (1941) American Mineralogist: 26: 145.
Lindberg, M.L. (1950) Arrojadite, hühnerkobelite and and graftonite. American Mineralogist: 35: 59-76.
Palache, C., Berman, H., and Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 686-688.
American Mineralogist (1968) 53: 742-750.
American Mineralogist (1982) 67: 826 [crystal structure]
Referativnyi Zhurnal Geodeziya (1985) 6B: 258.
Tait, K.T., Hawthorne, F.C., and Wise, M.A. (2013) The crystal chemistry of the graftonite-beusite minerals. Canadian Mineralogist 51, 653-662.
CNMNC Newsletter No. 36, April 2017, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 403–409.
Internet Links for Graftonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1735.html
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Localities for Graftonite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| AmMin 84:1354-1359 |
American Mineralogist, Volume 84, pages 1354–1359, 1999 | |
Argentina | |
| Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, volume 21, page 258, (1990) |
| Colombo, F., & Sfragulla, J. (2012). The garnet–phosphate buffer in peraluminous granitic magmas: a case study from pegmatites in the Pocho district, Córdoba, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50(6), 1555-1571. |
| OYARZABAL, J. and GALLISKI, M.A.. Hureaulite, Mn+25(H2O)4[PO3(OH)]2[PO4]2, from different deposits of the Totoral pegmatitic field, San Luis. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2007, vol.62, n.2, pp. 210-216. |
Australia | |
| Costas Constantinides collection, Australian museum id |
Brooks, J.H. and Shipway C.H.,(1960) Mica Creek pegmatites, Mount Isa, North-Western Queensland. Queensland Government Mining Journal, October 20, 1960, pp5ll-522. | |
| Pegmatites of Western Australia; M.I. Jacobson, M.A. Calderwood, B.A. Grguric; Hesperian Press, Perth, WA |
Austria | |
| Brandstätter, F. und Niedermayr, G. (1988): 719. Graftonit aus dem Mieslingtal bei Spitz. Pp. 203-204 in: Niedermayr, G., Brandstätter, F., Moser, B. & Postl, W. (1988): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich XXXVII. Carinthia II, 178./98., 181-214.; R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) |
Brazil | |
| Canadian Mlneralogist Vol. 20, pp. 87-89 (1982) |
| [MinRec 12:69] |
Canada | |
| The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 36,pp. 367-376 (1998) |
China | |
| M. Chen and X. Xie, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 325-333.; Xie, X., Chen, M., Zhai, S., & Wang, F. (2014). Eutectic metal+ troilite+ Fe‐Mn‐Na phosphate+ Al‐free chromite assemblage in shock‐produced chondritic melt of the Yanzhuang chondrite. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 49(12), 2290-2304. |
Czech Republic | |
| Povondra, P., Pivec, E. (eds.) et al.: Přibyslavice peraluminuous granite. Acta universitatis carolinae, Geologica, 1987, no. 3, s . 183 – 283. |
| Weber, A.: Fosfáty z pegmatitů jz. Čech. Rozpravy II. třídy České akademie, 1948, roč. 58, č. 1. |
| Čech F., Staněk J., Dávidová Š. (1981): Minerály pegmatitů. - in: Bernard J.H. [ed.]: Mineralogie Československa. Academia, Praha. |
| Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.; Novak, M., Sejkora, J., & Cooper, M. A. (2000). Cyrilovite from Cyrilov, western Moravia, Czech Republic; new data on the type material. Journal of GEOsciences, 45(1-2), 101-106. |
| Novák, M., Johan, Z., Škoda, R., Černý, P., Šrein, V., & Veselovský, F. (2008). Primary oxide minerals in the system WO3–Nb2O5–TiO2–Fe2O3–FeO and their breakdown products from the pegmatite No. 3 at Dolní Bory-Hatě, Czech Republic. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20(4), 487-499. |
Staněk, J.: Fosfáty železa a manganu z pegmatitů v okolí Borů. Minerál, 1999, roč. 7, č. 4, s. 289-293. | |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
France | |
| P. Keller, F. Fontan, F. Velasco Roldan, J.C. Melgarejo i Draper : "Stanekite a new Phosphate Mineral in Pegmatites at Karibib (Namibia) and French Pyrénées (France)", European Journal of Mineralogy, 1977, 9, 475-482 |
| Berbain, C., Favreau, G. & Aymar, J. (2005): Mines et minéraux des Pyrénées-Orientales et des Corbières, Association Française de Microminéralogie Ed., 135-137. |
Berbain, C., Favreau, G. & Aymar, J. (2005): Mines et minéraux des Pyrénées-Orientales et des Corbières, Association Française de Microminéralogie Ed., 137. | |
BERBAIN. C, RILEY. T, FAVREAU. G, (2012). Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères. Ed Association française de Microminéralogie, | |
| BERBAIN. C, RILEY. T, FAVREAU. G, (2012) Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères. Ed Association Française de Microminéralogie |
Germany | |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm |
Italy | |
| Bracco R., Marchesini M. (2016): Le quarziti a lazulite della Liguria e la scoperta della fluorcarmoite-(BaNa). Micro, 14, 2 (2-2016), 68-84. |
| Bracco R., Marchesini M. (2016): Le quarziti a lazulite della Liguria e la scoperta della fluorcarmoite-(BaNa). Micro, 14, 2 (2-2016), 68-84. |
Bracco R., Marchesini M. (2016): Le quarziti a lazulite della Liguria e la scoperta della fluorcarmoite-(BaNa). Micro, 14, 2 (2-2016), 68-84. | |
| VIGNOLA, P., & DIELLA, V. (2007). Phosphates from Piona granitic pegmatites (Central Southern Alps, Italy). Granitic Pegmatites: the State of the Art. Book of Abstr.(T. Martins & R. Vieira, eds.). Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Geologia, Memórias, 8, 102-103. |
Banti, M., Banti, R., Sorlini, A. & Tonali, F. (2011). Il filone della Malpensata a Piona (LC). Un classico tra storia e novità. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/2011, 10-28; Vignola P., Fransolet A.-M., Guastoni A., Appiani R. (2011): Le pegmatiti di Piona. Recenti studi sui filoni Malpensata, Luna e Sommafiume. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 35, 1, 30-38. | |
| Vignola et al. (2011): Complex mechanisms of alteration in a graftonite + sacropside+ triphylite association from the Luna pegmatite, Piona, Lecco Province, Italy. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 765-776.; Scaini G. (1970): Filone pegmatitico "Luna". In: Boscardin M., De Michele V., Scaini G., 1970, Itinerari mineralogici della Lombardia. Ed. Museo Civ. St. Nat. e Soc. It. Sci. Nat., Milano, page 53. |
- Del Caldo, A., Moro, C., Gramaccioli, C.M., Boscardin, M. (1973): Guida ai Minerali. Fratelli Fabbri, Ed., Milano, 208 pp.; Gramaccioli, C.M., Scaini, G., Gentile, P., De Michele, V., Mannucci, G. (1992): Natura in Lombardia. I Minerali. Regione Lombardia, Ed., Milano, 223 pp.; Magistretti L. (1946): Osservazioni sui nuovi filoni pegmatitici individuati alle falde del M. Legnoncino, sopra il laghetto di Piona e in particolare sui minerali della pegmatite presso l'Alpe Sommafiume. Atti Soc. Ital. Sc. Nat., 85, 136-146; Fagnani G., Battaini C. (1948): Itinerari mineralogici. Comune di Dervio. Filone di pegmatite di Sommafiume. Natura, 39, 2, 89-93; Scaini G. (1972): Filone di pegmatite di Sommafiume. miniera Marategno in località Alpe di Sommafiume. In: Boscardin M., de Michele V., Scaini G. (eds.), Itinerari mineralogici della Lombardia. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale e Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Milano, 50-52; Del Caldo A., Moro C., Gramaccioli C.M., Boscardin M. (1973): Guida ai Minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Ed., Milano, 208 pp.; Gramaccioli C.M. (1975): Minerali alpini e prealpini. Istituto Italiano Edizioni Atlas, Bergamo, 2 vol., 472 pp.; Vignola P., Fransolet A.-M., Guastoni A., Appiani R. (2011): Le pegmatiti di Piona. Recenti studi sui filoni Malpensata, Luna e Sommafiume. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 35, 1, 30-38. | |
| Guastoni, A., et al. (2007): [Title]. Mineralogical Magazine 71,579-585 |
| - Bertoldi G. e Boscardin M. (1989) – Crisoberillo ed altri minerali in una pegmatite della Val di Rabbi (Trentino). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 4 , pagg. 223-226. |
| - Bertoldi G. e Boscardin M. (1989) – Crisoberillo ed altri minerali in una pegmatite della Val di Rabbi (Trentino). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 4 , pagg. 223-226. |
Japan | |
| Matsubara, S. & Kato, A. (1980) Koubutsugaku Zasshi, 14, 269-286. |
Madagascar | |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p 39 | |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
| Collection Musée National de la Geologie at Ampandrianomby in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Inventory # 21695 |
Mexico | |
| Meteoritics 28:415 (July, 1993); Olsen, E. & Fredriksson, K. (1966) Phosphates in iron and pallasite meteorites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 30(5): 459-470. (May 1966) |
Morocco | |
| Fontan, F. (1978) : Etude minéralogique et essais expérimentaux sur les phosphates de fer et de manganèse des pegmatites des Jebilet (Maroc) et des Pyrénées (France), PhD thesis, Toulouse, 272 p. |
Namibia | |
| Keller, P. (1991) The occurrence of Li-Fe-Mn phosphate minerals in granitic pegmatites of Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 7, 21-35. |
| Keller, P. (1991) The occurrence of Li-Fe-Mn phosphate minerals in granitic pegmatites of Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 7, 21-35. |
North Africa | |
| V. V. Sharygin, N. S. Karmanov and N. M. Podgornykh (2016) Na-Fe-Phosphate Globules in Impact Metal-Troilite Associations of Chelyabinsk Meteorite. 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society (2016) |
Poland | |
| Łodziński M. & Sitarz M. 2008: Chemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Some Phosphates Accessory Minerals from Pegmatites of the Sowie Mts (Owles Mts), SW Poland. EUCMOS, Spectroscopy Applied to Archaeology, Arts, Geology and Mineralogy, p. 278 |
Pieczka, A., Hawthorne, F.C., Gołębiowska, B., Włodek, A., Grochowina, A. (2016): Maneckiite, ideally NaCa2Fe2+2(Fe3+Mg)Mn2(PO4)6(H2O)2, a new phosphate mineral of the wicksite supergroup from the Michałkowa pegmatite, Góry Sowie block, southwestern Poland. Mineralogical Magazine: 80: (in press | |
Pieczka A., Łobos K., Sachanbiński M. 2004: The first occurence of elbaite in Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 35, 3-14 | |
| Pieczka A., Golębiowska B., Skowroński A.: Ferrisicklerite and other phosphate minerals from the Lutomia pegmatite (SW Poland, Lower Silesia, Góry Sowie Mts.) |
| Łukasz Kruszewski |
Russia | |
| Victor Victorovich Sharygin (2016) Phosphate inclusions in cohenite from “black blocks” of the 45 mine burned dump, Kopeisk, Chelyabinsk Coal Basin |
Na- V. V. Sharygin, N. S. Karmanov and N. M. Podgornykh (2016) Fe-Phosphate Globules in Impact Metal-Troilite Associations of Chelyabinsk Meteorite. 79th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society (2016) | |
| Tatarinov (1937) Micas of the USSR, Leningrad [Min. Abs. (1946): 9:30]; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 688.; Rundqvist, D.V & Gillen C. eds (1997), Precambrian Ore Deposits of the East European and Siberian Cratons, Developments in Economic Geology 30 |
Rwanda | |
| von Knorring, O. (1969) A note on the phosphate mineralisation at the Buranga pegmatite, Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Geologique de la Republique du Rwanda: 5: 42-45.; Daltry, V.D.C. and von Knorring, O. (1998) Type-mineralogy of Rwanda with particular reference to the Buranga pegmatite. Geologica Belgica: 1: 9-15. |
South Africa | |
| Stalder, M. & Rozendaal, A. (2002): Graftonite in phosphatic iron formations associated with the mid-Proterozoic Gamsberg Zn-Pb deposit, Namaqua Province, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine 66, 915-927. |
Spain | |
| Calvo B., Gonzalez del Tanago Chanrai J.,Gonzalez del Tanago y del Rio J., (1991), "Los minerales y la mineria de la Sierra Albarrana y su entorno", ENRESA. Madrid, 203 pp |
| Roda, E., Fontán, F., Pesquera, A., & Keller, P. (2001). Phosphate mineral associations of the Aldehuela de la Bóveda, Li-Sn-Nb+-Tb bearing pegmatite, Salamanca, Spain: . In Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21 st Century. Proceedings of the Joint sixth Biennial SGA-SEG Meeting (pp. 477-480). |
| American Mineralogist 89:110-125 (2004); Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 4: The Phosphates-Rich Cañada Pegmatite (Aldehuela de La Bóveda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 67-72. |
Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 3: Lepidolite-spodumene-rich and cassiterite-rich pegmatites from the Feli open-pit, (La Fregeneda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 55-64; Roda-Robles, E., Vieira, R., Pesquera, A., & Lima, A. (2010). Chemical variations and significance of phosphates from the Fregeneda-Almendra pegmatite field, Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal). Mineralogy and Petrology, 100(1-2), 23-34. | |
| Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p. |
Sweden | |
| Smeds, S-A., Uher, P., Cerny, P., Wise, M.A., Gustafsson, L. & Penner, P. (1998): Graftonite-beusite in Sweden: primary phases, products of exsolution, and distribution in zoned populations of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist. 36, 377-394. |
| Smeds, S-A., Uher, P., Cerny, P., Wise, M.A., Gustafsson, L. & Penner, P. (1998): Graftonite-beusite in Sweden: primary phases, products of exsolution, and distribution in zoned populations of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist. 36, 377-394. |
Canadian Mineralogist (1998) 36 (2), 377-394 | |
| Smeds, S-A., Uher, P., Cerny, P., Wise, M.A., Gustafsson, L. & Penner, P. (1998): Graftonite-beusite in Sweden: primary phases, products of exsolution, and distribution in zoned populations of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist. 36, 377-394. |
| Gustafsson, Lars & Otter, Bertil (1991): Mineralförekomster i Stockholmstrakten.Del 2. STEIN 18(4),4-12 |
Smeds, S-A., Uher, P., Cerny, P., Wise, M.A., Gustafsson, L. & Penner, P. (1998): Graftonite-beusite in Sweden: primary phases, products of exsolution, and distribution in zoned populations of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist. 36, 377-394. | |
| Smeds, S-A., Uher, P., Cerny, P., Wise, M.A., Gustafsson, L. & Penner, P. (1998): Graftonite-beusite in Sweden: primary phases, products of exsolution, and distribution in zoned populations of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist. 36, 377-394. |
| Smeds, S-A., Uher, P., Cerny, P., Wise, M.A., Gustafsson, L. & Penner, P. (1998): Graftonite-beusite in Sweden: primary phases, products of exsolution, and distribution in zoned populations of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist. 36, 377-394. |
Smeds, S-A., Uher, P., Cerny, P., Wise, M.A., Gustafsson, L. & Penner, P. (1998): Graftonite-beusite in Sweden: primary phases, products of exsolution, and distribution in zoned populations of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist. 36, 377-394. | |
Switzerland | |
| Vignola, P., Diella, V., Oppizzi, P., Tiepolo, M. & Weiss, S. (2008): Phosphate assemblages from the Brissago granitic pegmatite, Western Southern Alps, Switzerland. Can. Mineral. 46, 635-650. |
http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM35/AM35_59.pdf | |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 688; Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 45 | |
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 196. | |
UK | |
| Livingstone, A. (1980) Johnsomervilleite, a New Transition-Metal Phosphate Mineral from the Loch Quoich Area, Scotland. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 43, n° 331, p. 833-836.; Livingstone, A. and Macpherson, H.G. (1983) Fifth supplementary list of British minerals (Scottish). Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 47, n° 342, p. 99-105. |
USA | |
| Meteoritics 28:415 (July, 1993) |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. | |
| Rocks & Min.: 62: 234. |
| Mineralogical Record 22:382 |
| Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut mineralogy. |
| "Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998 |
| Januzzi, R.E. and Seaman, David M. (1976) Mineral Localities Of Connecticut and Southern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World. |
Harvard Museum of Natural History, no.130841 | |
Peacor and Garske (1964): Sarcopside From Deering and East Alstead, New Hampshire (American Mineralogist: 49:1149-1150) ; American Mineralogist 50:1698–1707 | |
| Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index |
| Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; USGS Prof Paper 255 |
| Penfield, S. L. (1900): On graftonite, a new mineral from Grafton, New Hampshire, and its intergrowth with triphylite. The American Journal of Science. 159, 20-32; Catalogue of Type Mineral Specimens; Comm. on Museums (IMA). |
Morrill. P., 1960, New Hampshire Mines and Mineral Localities.; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130 | |
| Rocks & Min.:65:359. |
Meyers & Stewart (1956) Geology of NH, Part 3:Minerals & Mines | |
No reference listed | |
Cameron, et. al. 1954. Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England.; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index | |
Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130 | |
Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; USGS Prof Paper 255 | |
Rocks & Minerals: 16: 208-211; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 687.; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; USGS Prof Paper 255; USGS Prof Paper 353 | |
Whitmore, R.W. and Lawrence, R.C., Jr. (2004): The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo. | |
Rocks & Min., May 1999. | |
USGS Prof Paper 255 | |
USGS Prof Paper 255 | |
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 687.; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index | |
Cameron, et. al. 1954. Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England. | |
Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; USGS Prof Paper 255 | |
Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index | |
| Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130 |
USGS Prof Paper 255 | |
| Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; USGS Prof Paper 255 |
| Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005); Peacor and Garske (1964): Sarcopside From Deering and East Alstead, New Hampshire (American Mineralogist: 49:1149-1150); Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130 |
| Rocks & Min.:64:504; Switzer, The Paragenesis of the Center Strafford NH Pegmatite (AmMin 23:811); Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241; USGS Prof Paper 255; American Mineralogist 23:811 |
| Meyers & Stewart (1956). The Geology of NH: Part III Minerals and Mines. p.32 |
| Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; USGS Prof Paper 255 |
| Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index |
| Morrill, 1960. NH Mines and Mineral Localities.; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130 |
| American Mineralogist, Volume 76, pages 1985-1989, 1991 |
| R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; USGS Prof Paper 297F |
| Rocks & Min.:60:117.; Am Min (1969), 54:969-972 |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
R&M 75:3 pp 156-169 | |
| Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 680, 687; Januzzi, R.E. and Seaman, David M. (1976) Mineral Localities Of Connecticut and Southern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World. |
Zimbabwe | |
| Gallagher, M.J. (1967): Phosphates and other minerals in pegmatites of Rhodesia and Uganda. Mineralogical Magazine. 36, 50-59 |
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