Hainite-(Y)
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About Hainite-(Y)
Formula:
Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Colour:
Wine-yellow, honey-yellow; milk white, brownish, pale pink
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
3.157-3.274 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
For the type locality, (Hohe) Hain Mtns, plus the "-(Y)" suffix due to the dominance of yttrium in the composition. It was first described by Josef Blumrich in 1893 under the name hainite [hainit]. The name was changed by IMA in 2016 to hainite-(Y) (IMA 16-A).
Chemically close to fogoite-(Y).
Long regarded as a doubtful species, said to be related to Rosenbuschite, but an independent species after all (Christiansen et al., 2003). The crystal structure of the type material has been determined by Giester et al. (2005).
Long regarded as a doubtful species, said to be related to Rosenbuschite, but an independent species after all (Christiansen et al., 2003). The crystal structure of the type material has been determined by Giester et al. (2005).
Classification of Hainite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA, Renamed by the IMA
First published:
1893
Approval history:
2016: Redefined. Name changed from hainite to hainite-(Y) (IMA 16-A).
8/C.12-15
9.BE.22
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
56.2.4.9
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Physical Properties of Hainite-(Y)
Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Wine-yellow, honey-yellow; milk white, brownish, pale pink
Comment:
Light wine-yellow in thin section. Altered hainite-(Y9 shows a brown colour
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Rather perfect, {010}; also faint on {100}
Rather perfect, {010}; also faint on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.157-3.274(17) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hainite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.663(2) nβ = 1.664(2) nγ = 1.675(2)
2V:
Measured: 30° to 45°, Calculated: 33.7°
Birefringence:
~0.012
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong (r > v)
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
colorless (X), colorless to pale yellow (Y), wine-yellow (Z)
Comments:
2V(meas.): large
Chemical Properties of Hainite-(Y)
Formula:
Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
IMA Formula:
(Ca3Y)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2
Common Impurities:
Mn,Ce,La,Fe,Nb,Ta,Al
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | |
---|---|
SiO2 | 30.50 % |
Al2O3 | 0.05 % |
TiO2 | 8.16 % |
ZrO2 | 3.96 % |
HfO2 | 0.08 % |
Nb2O5 | 1.23 % |
Ta2O5 | 0.03 % |
MnO | 0.73 % |
FeO | 0.69 % |
CaO | 29.64 % |
SrO | 0.08 % |
Na2O | 7.45 % |
Y2O3 | 4.35 % |
La2O3 | 0.63 % |
Ce2O3 | 1.67 % |
Nd2O3 | 0.71 % |
Gd2O3 | 0.20 % |
Dy2O3 | 0.98 % |
Er2O3 | 0.59 % |
Yb2O3 | 0.74 % |
F | 7.81 % |
O=F | -3.29 % |
Total: | 96.99 % |
Sample references:
ID | Locality | Reference |
---|---|---|
1 | Teineholmen, Barkevik area, Langesundsfjorden, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway | Christiansen, C.C. & Johnsen, O. (2003): Crystal chemistry of the Rosenbuschite group. Canadian Mineralogist. 41: 1203-1224 |
Crystallography of Hainite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.594 Å, b = 5.702 Å, c = 7.288 Å
α = 89.89(4)°, β = 101.09(4)°, γ = 101.17(4)°
α = 89.89(4)°, β = 101.09(4)°, γ = 101.17(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.683 : 1 : 1.278
Unit Cell V:
383.55 ų
Z:
1
Twinning:
on {100}
Comment:
parameters of the TL material: a=5.676(2), b=7.259(3), c=9.586(3), α=101.08(4), β=101.14(4), γ=90.27(4)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.961 Å | (100) |
3.073 Å | (90) |
1.896 Å | (70) |
3.961 Å | (50) |
2.628 Å | (50) |
2.493 Å | (50) |
1.822 Å | (50) |
Comments:
TL material
Type Occurrence of Hainite-(Y)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals, less than 1 mm, needles and plates, [001] elongation; {010}, {100}, and {_110} faces present (TL material)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Cavities and groundmass of phonolites (TL material); carbonatites
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Blumrich, J. (1893) Die Phonolithe des Friedländer Bezirkes in Nordböhmen, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 13: 6: 465-495
Synonyms of Hainite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Hainite-(Y)
Relationship of Hainite-(Y) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Batievaite-(Y) | Y2Ca2Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Fogoite-(Y) | Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Götzenite | NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Grenmarite | Na4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
Kochite | Na3Ca2MnZrTi(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Mosandrite-(Ce) | (Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5◻0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Nacareniobsite-(Ce) | NbNa3Ca3(Ce,REE )(Si2O7)2OF3 | Mon. |
Rinkite-(Ce) | (Ca3Ce)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2 | Mon. |
Rinkite-(Y) | Na2Ca4YTi(Si2O7)2OF3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Rosenbuschite | Na6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Roumaite | (Ca,Na,REE,◻)7(Nb,Ti)[Si2O7]2OF3 | Mon. m : Bb |
Seidozerite | Na4MnZr2Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
3 photos of Hainite-(Y) associated with Tuperssuatsiaite | Na2(Fe3+,Mn2+)3Si8O20(OH)2 · 4H2O |
2 photos of Hainite-(Y) associated with Villiaumite | NaF |
2 photos of Hainite-(Y) associated with Makatite | Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O |
2 photos of Hainite-(Y) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
2 photos of Hainite-(Y) associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
1 photo of Hainite-(Y) associated with Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
1 photo of Hainite-(Y) associated with Feldspar Group |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
9.BE. | Betalomonosovite | Na6◻4Ti4(Si2O7)2[PO3OH][PO2(OH)2]O2(OF) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE. | Bobshannonite | Na2KBa(Mn,Na)8(Nb,Ti)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2 | Tric. |
9.BE. | Batievaite-(Y) | Y2Ca2Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE. | Delhuyarite-(Ce) | Ce4Mg(Fe3+,W)3◻(Si2O7)2O6(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.X | Asimowite | Fe2+4O(Si2O7) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma |
9.BE.02 | Wadsleyite | Mg4O(Si2O7) | Orth. |
9.BE.05 | Hennomartinite | SrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. |
9.BE.05 | Lawsonite | CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
9.BE.05 | Noelbensonite | BaMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. |
9.BE.05 | Itoigawaite | SrAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O | Orth. |
9.BE.07 | Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
9.BE.07 | Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.10 | Suolunite | Ca2(H2Si2O7) · H2O | Orth. |
9.BE.12 | Jaffeite | Ca6(Si2O7)(OH)6 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
9.BE.15 | Fresnoite | Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O | Tet. 4mm : P4bm |
9.BE.17 | Baghdadite | Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.17 | Burpalite | Na2CaZr(Si2O7)F2 | Mon. |
9.BE.17 | Cuspidine | Ca4(Si2O7)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.17 | Hiortdahlite | Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.17 | Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
9.BE.17 | Låvenite | (Na,Ca)2(Mn2+,Fe2+)(Zr,Ti)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.17 | Niocalite | (Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. |
9.BE.17 | Normandite | NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OF | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.17 | Wöhlerite | NaCa2(Zr,Nb)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
9.BE.17 | Hiortdahlite I | Na4Ca8Zr2(Nb,Mn,Ti,Fe,Mg,Al)2(Si2O7)4O3F5 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.20 | Mosandrite-(Ce) | (Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5◻0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.20 | Nacareniobsite-(Ce) | NbNa3Ca3(Ce,REE )(Si2O7)2OF3 | Mon. |
9.BE.22 | Götzenite | NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.22 | Rosenbuschite | Na6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.22 | Kochite | Na3Ca2MnZrTi(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.23 | Dovyrenite | Ca6Zr(Si2O7)2(OH)4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
9.BE.25 | Barytolamprophyllite | (Ba,Na)2(Na,Ti,Fe3+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O(OH,F) | Mon. |
9.BE.25 | Ericssonite | BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.25 | Lamprophyllite | (Na,Mn2+)3(Sr,Na)2(Ti,Fe3+)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,O,F)2 | Mon. |
9.BE.25 | Ericssonite-2O | BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH) | Orth. |
9.BE.25 | Seidozerite | Na4MnZr2Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. |
9.BE.25 | Nabalamprophyllite | Na3(Ba,Na)2Ti3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m |
9.BE.25 | Grenmarite | Na4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
9.BE.25 | Schüllerite | Ba2Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.25 | Lileyite | Ba2(Na,Fe,Ca)3MgTi2(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.25 | Emmerichite | Ba2Na(Na,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Mg)Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.25 | Fluorbarytolamprophyllite | (Ba,Sr)2[(Na,Fe2+)3(Ti,Mg)F2][Ti2(Si2O7)2O2] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.27 | Murmanite | Na2Ti2(Si2O7)O2 · 2H2O | Tric. |
9.BE.30 | Epistolite | Na2(Nb,Ti)2(Si2O7)O2 · nH2O | Tric. |
9.BE.32 | Lomonosovite | Na5Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)O2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.35 | Vuonnemite | Na11Ti4+Nb2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O3(F,OH) | Tric. |
9.BE.37 | Sobolevite | Na13Ca2Mn2Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O3F3 | Mon. m : Pb |
9.BE.40 | Innelite | Na2CaBa4Ti3(Si2O7)2(SO4)2O4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.40 | Phosphoinnelite | Na3Ba4Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4,SO4)2O2F | Tric. |
9.BE.42 | Yoshimuraite | Ba2Mn2Ti(Si2O7)(PO4)O(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.45 | Quadruphite | Na14Ca2Ti4(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2F | Tric. |
9.BE.47 | Polyphite | Na5(Na4Ca2)Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)3O2F2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.50 | Bornemanite | Na6BaTi2Nb(Si2O7)2(PO4)O2(OH)F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.50 | Shkatulkalite | Na5(Nb1-xTix)2(Ti1-yMn2+y)[Si2O7]2O2(OH)2 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
9.BE.55 | Bafertisite | Ba2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2 | Tric. |
9.BE.55 | Hejtmanite | Ba2(Mn2+,Fe2+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2 | Tric. 1 |
9.BE.55 | Bykovaite | (Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(H2O,F,OH)2 · 3.5H2O | Mon. 2/m |
9.BE.55 | Nechelyustovite | (Ba,Sr,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(O,H2O,F)2 · 4.5H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.60 | Delindeite | (Na,K)2(Ba,Ca)2(Ti,Fe,Al)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 · 2H2O | Mon. |
9.BE.65 | Bussenite | Na2Ba2Fe2+Ti(Si2O7)(CO3)(OH)3F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.67 | Jinshajiangite | BaNaFe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
9.BE.67 | Perraultite | BaNaMn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.70 | Karnasurtite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2O | Amor. |
9.BE.70 | Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.70 | Strontiochevkinite | (Sr,La,Ce,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. |
9.BE.70 | Chevkinite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Ca,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe2+,Ti,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.70 | Polyakovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)4(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr3+,Fe3+)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.70 | Rengeite | Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.70 | Matsubaraite | Sr4Ti5(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.70 | Dingdaohengite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.70 | Maoniupingite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,◻)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.70 | Perrierite-(La) | (La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe,Mn2+,Mg)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.70 | UM2008-53-SiO:SrTiZr | Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
9.BE.70 | Hezuolinite | (Sr,REE)4Zr(Ti,Fe3+)4(Si2O7)2O8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
9.BE.72 | Fersmanite | Ca4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3 | Tric. |
9.BE.75 | Belkovite | Ba3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12 | Hex. |
9.BE.77 | Nasonite | Pb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2 | Hex. |
9.BE.80 | Kentrolite | Pb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm |
9.BE.80 | Melanotekite | Pb2Fe3+2(Si2O7)O2 | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
9.BE.82 | Tilleyite | Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 | Mon. |
9.BE.85 | Killalaite | Ca6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2 | Mon. |
9.BE.87 | Stavelotite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ca)3Mn2+3Cu(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30 | Trig. 3 : P31 |
9.BE.90 | Biraite-(Ce) | Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
9.BE.92 | Cervandonite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH) | Trig. 3m : R3m |
9.BE.95 | Batisivite | BaV3+8Ti6(Si2O7)O22 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
56.2.4.1 | Baghdadite | Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
56.2.4.2 | Burpalite | Na2CaZr(Si2O7)F2 | Mon. |
56.2.4.3 | Cuspidine | Ca4(Si2O7)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
56.2.4.4 | Låvenite | (Na,Ca)2(Mn2+,Fe2+)(Zr,Ti)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
56.2.4.5 | Wöhlerite | NaCa2(Zr,Nb)(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
56.2.4.6 | Niocalite | (Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. |
56.2.4.7 | Hiortdahlite | Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
56.2.4.8 | Rosenbuschite | Na6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
56.2.4.10 | Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
56.2.4.11 | Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O | Tric. |
56.2.4.12 | Komarovite | (Ca,Mn)(Nb,Ti)2[Si2O7](O,F)3 · 3.5H2O | Orth. |
56.2.4.13 | Natrokomarovite | (Na,Ca,H)2Nb2Si2O10(OH,F)2 · H2O | Orth. |
56.2.4.14 | Suolunite | Ca2(H2Si2O7) · H2O | Orth. |
56.2.4.15 | Mongolite | Ca4Nb6Si5O24(OH)10 · nH2O | Tet. |
Other Information
Notes:
Fluoresces under electron beam.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Hainite-(Y)
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Blumrich, J. (1893) Die Phonolithe des Friedländer Bezirkes in Nordböhmen, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 13: 6: 465-495.
Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Pushcharovsky, D.Y, and Atencio, D. (1995) Crystal structure of giannetite. Crystallography Reports 40(4): 574-578.
Johan, Z. and Cech, F. (1989) New data on hainite, Na2Ca4(Ti,Zr,Mn,Fe,Nb,Ta)1.500.50)(Si2O7)2F4 and its crystallochemical relationship with götzenite, Na2Ca5Ti(Si2O7)2F4. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences: Série II: 308: 1237-1242 (in French).
Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Ulbrich, M.N.C., Vlach, S.R.F., Rastsvetaeva, R.K., and Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (1999) Hainite from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Canadian Mineralogist: 37: 91-98.
Christiansen, C.C., Johnsen, O., and Makovicky, E. (2003) Crystal chemistry of the rosenbuschite group. The Canadian Mineralogist: 41: 1203-1224.
Giester, G., Pertlik, F., and Ulrych, J. (2005) Die Kristallstruktur des Minerals Hainit. Mitteilung der Österreichischen Mineralologischen Gesellschaft: 151: 45. (in German) [Poster abstract]
Sokolova, E. (2006) From structure topology to chemical composition. I. Structural hierarchy and stereochemistry in titanium disilicate minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist: 44: 1273.
Lyalina, L., Zolotarev Jr, A., Selivanova, E., Savchenko, Y., Zozulya, D., Krivovichev, S., and Mikhailova, Y. (2015) Structural characterization and composition of Y-rich hainite from Sakharjok nepheline syenite pegmatite (Kola Peninsula, Russia). Mineralogy and Petrology: 1-9.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C., Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110, USA. http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/ (2016)
Sokolova, E. and Camara, F. (2017) The seidozerite supergroup of TS-block minerals: nomenclature and classification, with change of the following names: rinkite to rinkite-(Ce), mosandrite to mosandrite-(Ce), hainite to hainite-(Y) and innelite-1T to innelite-1A. Mineralogical Magazine: 81 (in press).
Internet Links for Hainite-(Y)
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Localities for Hainite-(Y)
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Atencio, D., Coutinho, J. M. V., Ulbrich, M. N. C., Vlach, S. R. F., Rastsvetaeva, R. K., & Pushcharovsky, D. Y. (1999). Hainite from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 91-98. ; Andrezza Azzi, Daniel Atencio, Marcelo Andrade, Reynaldo Contreira (2018) Crystal-chemistry of Y-poor hainite-(Y) from Poços de Caldas alkaline complex, Minas Gerais, Brazil. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 226 |
| ATENCIO, D., COUTINHO, J.M.C., ULBRICH, M.N.C., VLACH, S.R.F., RASTVETAEVA, R.K. & PUSHCHAROVSKY, D.Yu. (1999) Hainite from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 91-98. |
Atencio et al (1999) Canadian Mineralogist 37, 91-98 | |
Czech Republic (TL) | |
| Johan, Z. & Cech, F. (1989): New data on hainite, Na2Ca4((Ti,Zr,Mn,Fe,Nb,Ta)1.500.50)(Si2O7)2F4 and its crystallochemical relationship with götzenite, Na2Ca5Ti(Si2O7)2F4. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Série II, 308, 1237-1242 (in French).; Blumrich, J. (1893): Die Phonolithe des Friedländer Bezirkes in Nordböhmen, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Vol. 13, No 6, 465-495 |
| Pazdernik, P.: Compositional variations in the sodalite-bearing nephelinite phonolite from Želenický vrch Hill, North Bohemia. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1997, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 65-79. |
Greenland | |
| Lyalina, L., Zolotarev Jr, A., Selivanova, E., Savchenko, Y., Zozulya, D., Krivovichev, S., & Mikhailova, Y. (2015). Structural characterization and composition of Y-rich hainite from Sakharjok nepheline syenite pegmatite (Kola Peninsula, Russia). Mineralogy and Petrology, 1-9. |
Italy | |
| Melluso, L., Morra, V., Guarino, V., de’Gennaro, R., Franciosi, L., & Grifa, C. (2014). The crystallization of shoshonitic to peralkaline trachyphonolitic magmas in a H 2 O–Cl–F-rich environment at Ischia (Italy), with implications for the feeder system of the Campania Plain volcanoes. Lithos, 210, 242-259 |
Libya | |
| Lustrino, M., Cucciniello, C., Melluso, L., Tassinari, C. C., dè Gennaro, R., & Serracino, M. (2012). Petrogenesis of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the NW sector of the Gharyan volcanic field, Libya. Lithos, 155, 218-235. |
Morocco | |
| Berger, J., Ennih, N., Mercier, J. C., Liégeois, J. P., & Demaiffe, D. (2009). The role of fractional crystallization and late-stage peralkaline melt segregation in the mineralogical evolution of Cenozoic nephelinites/phonolites from Saghro (SE Morocco). Mineralogical magazine, 73(1), 59-82. |
Norway | |
| Christiansen, C.C. & Johnsen, O. (2003): Crystal chemistry of the Rosenbuschite group. Canadian Mineralogist. 41: 1203-1224 |
Christiansen, C.C. & Johnsen, O. (2003): Crystal chemistry of the Rosenbuschite group. Canadian Mineralogist. 41: 1203-1224; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240p | |
Andersen, T., Erambert, M., Larsen, A.O. & Selbekk, R.S. (2012): Petrology of nepheline syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: Zr and Ti mineral assemblages in miaskitic and agpaitic pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex. Mineralogia Polonica. 43 (2), 3- 34 | |
Russia | |
| Lyalina, L., Zolotarev Jr, A., Selivanova, E., Savchenko, Y., Zozulya, D., Krivovichev, S., & Mikhailova, Y. (2015). Structural characterization and composition of Y-rich hainite from Sakharjok nepheline syenite pegmatite (Kola Peninsula, Russia). Mineralogy and Petrology, 1-9. |
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Poços de Caldas alkaline complex, Minas Gerais, Brazil