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Hammarite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About HammariteHide

Formula:
Pb2Cu2Bi4S9
Colour:
Steel-grey with red tint
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
6.734
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
After the locality Gladhammar, Kalmar, Sweden.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1812
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1812:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
618fcaee-1f66-425d-948d-c5c49c25424e

IMA Classification of HammariteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu2Pb2Bi4S9
First published:
1924

Classification of HammariteHide

2.HB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
3.4.5.4

3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : Ăž = 3
5.7.7

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
HmrIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
HmrThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of HammariteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Steel-grey with red tint
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010} good.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
6.734 g/cm3 (Measured)    7.05 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of HammariteHide

Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm39.7%43.6%
420nm39.8%43.7%
440nm39.8%43.8%
460nm39.9%44.0%
480nm40.1%44.1%
500nm40.3%44.4%
520nm40.2%44.6%
540nm40.1%44.6%
560nm40.0%44.7%
580nm39.9%44.7%
600nm39.8%44.6%
620nm39.6%44.4%
640nm39.4%44.1%
660nm39.1%43.7%
680nm38.8%43.3%
700nm38.6%42.9%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 44.7%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red

Chemistry of HammariteHide

Mindat Formula:
Pb2Cu2Bi4S9

Crystallography of HammariteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 33.772 Å, b = 11.5857 Å, c = 4.01 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.915 : 1 : 0.346
Unit Cell V:
1,569.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Short prisms; needle-like.
Comment:
SG Pbnm or Pbn21

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005129HammariteHoriuchi H, Wuensch B J (1976) The ordering scheme for metal atoms in the crystal structure of hammarite, Cu2Pb2Bi4S9 The Canadian Mineralogist 14 536-53919760293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.63 Å(100b)
3.14 Å(100b)
4.01 Å(90b)
3.56 Å(80)
2.83 Å(80b)
2.00 Å(80)
1.973 Å(80)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal veins

Type Occurrence of HammariteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Short prisms or needles on quartz.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal veins.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Other Language Names for HammariteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
8 photos of Hammarite associated with FriedrichitePb5Cu5Bi7S18
3 photos of Hammarite associated with LindströmitePb3Cu3Bi7S15
3 photos of Hammarite associated with KrupkaitePbCuBi3S6
3 photos of Hammarite associated with AikinitePbCuBiS3
2 photos of Hammarite associated with PyriteFeS2
2 photos of Hammarite associated with QuartzSiO2
1 photo of Hammarite associated with BismuthBi
1 photo of Hammarite associated with BismuthiniteBi2S3

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.HB.BarikaiteAg3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HB.Carducciite(Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HB.SardashtiteAg9Cu2.5Pb41Sb36.5As7S112Mon. 2/m
2.HB.InterliveingiteAgPb18As25S56Mon. 2 : P21
2.HB.ReckibachiteAg2Pb12As14Sb4S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HB.05aAikinitePbCuBiS3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.05aFriedrichitePb5Cu5Bi7S18Orth. mm2
2.HB.05aGladitePbCuBi5S9Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05cJaskĂłlskiiteCuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05aKrupkaitePbCuBi3S6Orth. mm2
2.HB.05aLindströmitePb3Cu3Bi7S15Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05bMeneghinitePb13CuSb7S24Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.HB.05aPekoitePbCuBi11S18Orth. mm2
2.HB.05aEmilitePb2.7Cu2.7Bi5.3S12Orth. mm2 : Pmc21
2.HB.05UM2000-46-S:BiCuPbCu0.33Pb0.33Bi7.67S12
2.HB.05aSalzburgitePb1.6Cu1.6Bi6.4S12Orth. mm2 : Pmc21
2.HB.05UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPbCuPb(Ni,Co)0.3Bi3Se6
2.HB.05aPaaritePb1.7Cu1.7Bi6.3S12Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
2.HB.10cEclarite(Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.HB.10bGiessenitePb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57Mon. 2/m
2.HB.10bIzoklakeitePb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.10aKobellitePb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.10aTintinaitePb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.HB.15BenavidesitePb4MnSb6S14Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HB.15JamesonitePb4FeSb6S14Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HB.20dBerryiteCu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.20bBuckhorniteAuPb2BiTe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
2.HB.20aNagyĂĄgite[Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.20eWatkinsoniteCu2PbBi4(Se,S,Te)8Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.20cMuseumite[Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2]Mon. 2
2.HB.20eLitochlebiteAg2PbBi4Se8Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.20bJaszczakite[Bi3S3][AuS2]Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn
2.HB.20eLuxembourgiteAgCuPbBi4Se8Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HB.25Meerschautite(Ag,Cu)6Pb43-2xSb44+2xS112Ox (x ~0.5)Mon. 2 : P21

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for HammariteHide

References for HammariteHide

Localities for HammariteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • Northern Territory
    • Barkly Region
      • Tennant Creek
Huston et al. (1993)
  • Queensland
    • Charters Towers Region
Wormald (1993)
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Mittersill
        • Mittersill Scheelite deposit
Mandarino (2002)
Bulgaria
 
  • Burgas Province
    • Sozopol Municipality
Todorov (1990)
  • Pazardzhik Province
Bogdanov et al. (2004)
China
 
  • Henan
    • Sanmenxia
      • Lingbao City
YIN et al. (2019)
        • Qinling Mine
Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1992)
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture)
      • Bairin Left Banner (Balin Zuoqi)
Dequan Zhang et al. (1991)
  • Shandong
    • Yantai
      • Zhaoyuan City
Yuan Zhang et al. (2008)
Czech Republic
 
  • ÚstĂ­ nad Labem Region
    • Chomutov District
      • Vejprty
PauliĆĄ P et al. (2020)
    • Teplice District
PauliĆĄ Petr et al. (2022)
        • Knöttel area
Sejkora (1998)
Germany
 
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Siegen
          • Eiserfeld
            • Kohlenbach Valley
Wittern (2001)
          • Eisern
Wittern (2001)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
Lapis 30 (7/8)
    • SĂ€chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
      • Dippoldiswalde
Wittern (2001)
Greece
 
  • Central Macedonia
    • Chalkidiki
      • Aristotelis
Voudouris et al. (2010, April)
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
Voudouris et al. (2018)
Voudouris (2010)
Hungary
 
  • FejĂ©r County
    • SzĂ©kesfehĂ©rvĂĄr District
      • PĂĄtka
collector: LĂĄszlĂł TĂłth +1 other reference
Ireland
 
  • Leinster
    • Wicklow County
      • Croghan Kinshela Mountain
        • Gold Mines River
Ixer et al. (1990)
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
Ambrino et al. (2009)
  • Sardinia
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Nuxis
        • Monte Tamara mining area
Karup-MĂžller (1977)
Japan
 
  • Yamagata Prefecture
Izumino et al. (2014)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Akmola Region
Kovalev et al. (2018)
  • East Kazakhstan Region
    • Altai District
      • Zyryanovsk complex
Mozgova et al. (1994)
  • Karaganda Region
    • Shet District
      • Akshatau (Aqshatau)
Efimov A.V. Bismuthian mineralisation ... +1 other reference
Myanmar
 
  • Mandalay Region
    • Kyaukse District
Aung Myo et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Norway
 
  • Telemark
    • Tokke
      • SkafsĂ„
Larsen et al. (2018)
Larsen et al. (2018)
Peru
 
  • Huancavelica
    • Angaraes Province
Crowley et al. (1997)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Kamienna GĂłra County
      • Gmina Kamienna GĂłra
        • Rędziny
GoƂębiowska B. et al. (2005)
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
    • Nucet
Anthony et al. (1990)
Shimizu et al. (1998)
Shimizu et al. (1998)
  • Maramureș County
    • Borșa
Cook (1998)
Russia
 
  • Altai Krai
Mozgova et al. (1994)
  • Buryatia
    • Dzhida Basin
      • Zakamensk District
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Kaslinsky District
Rogov et al. (2023)
Rogov et al. (2023)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Beryozovsky
  • Zabaykalsky Krai
    • Gazimuro-Zavodsky District
Kovalev et al. (2019)
    • Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District
Eremin et al. (2014)
Slovakia
 
  • BanskĂĄ Bystrica Region
Ďuďa R. et al. (1993)
    • Brezno District
PrĆĄek J. (Kandid. Diz.prĂĄca)
        • Sokolova Valley
Jaroslav PRĆ EK and Martin Chovan (2001)
    • Ćœarnovica District
      • HodruĆĄa-HĂĄmre
        • HodruĆĄa-HĂĄmre mines
Jeleƈ et al. (2012)
  • KoĆĄice Region
    • RoĆŸĆˆava District
Koděra (1986)
Martin Ć tevko-unpublished
    • SpiĆĄskĂĄ NovĂĄ Ves District
PrĆĄek J. (Kandid. dizert. prĂĄca)
  • Ćœilina Region
    • LiptovskĂœ MikulĂĄĆĄ District
Ozdin D.
OzdĂ­n D. (2003)
Sweden (TL)
 
  • Kalmar County
    • VĂ€stervik
Arkiv Kemi (1924)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Viamala Region
      • Ferrera
        • Ausserferrera
Locality description
  • Valais
    • Östlich Raron
      • Grengiols
        • Chummibort
see: +2 other references
UK
 
  • Scotland
    • Highland
      • North West and Central Sutherland
        • Loch Shin
Lowry et al. (1994)
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Fairbanks North Star Borough
      • Fairbanks Mining District
Walsh et al. (1991)
  • Colorado
    • Clear Creek County
      • Alice Mining District (Yankee Mining District; Lincoln Mining District)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Summit County
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Nevada
    • Nye County
      • Toquima Range
        • Round Mountain Mining District
Cooper et al. (1991)
  • New Mexico
    • Doña Ana County
Anthony et al. (1990)
Uzbekistan
 
  • Tashkent Region
    • Ohangaron District
Kovalenker et al. (1997)
 
and/or  
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