Hanawaltite
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
[Hg2]2+3Hg2+(Cl,OH)2O3
Colour:
Black to very dark brown-black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
9.51 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by Andrew C. Roberts, Joel D. Grice, Robert A. Gault, Alan J. Criddle, Richard C. Erd in 1996 in honor of Joseph Donald Hanawalt (6 July 1902, Royersford, Pennsylvania, USA – 26 June 1987), for his early work in X-ray powder diffraction. He was a metallurgist and an authority on magnesium. He was affiliated with 3M and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. He developed what would be known as the Hanawalt X-ray Diffraction Method, and was awarded 30 patents and numerous awards.
This page provides mineralogical data about Hanawaltite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1813
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1813:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
84f6485a-02af-4a2f-9ed4-23618ce34d17
IMA Classification of Hanawaltite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Hg1+6Hg2+O3Cl2
First published:
1996
Type description reference:
Classification of Hanawaltite
3.DD.15
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
D : With Hg
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
D : With Hg
10.5.13.1
10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
5 : Am(O,OH)pXq
10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
5 : Am(O,OH)pXq
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Hnw | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hanawaltite
Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Black to very dark brown-black
Streak:
Dark reddish black
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001} good
{001} good
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
9.51 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hanawaltite
Type:
Biaxial
Anisotropism:
Bright metallic blue.
Bireflectance:
Moderate to strong.
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 26.2% | 37.6% |
420nm | 25.2% | 34.8% |
440nm | 24.2% | 32.5% |
460nm | 23.3% | 30.6% |
480nm | 22.4% | 29.0% |
500nm | 21.8% | 27.7% |
520nm | 21.2% | 26.7% |
540nm | 20.8% | 25.9% |
560nm | 20.5% | 25.2% |
580nm | 20.3% | 24.6% |
600nm | 20.1% | 24.1% |
620nm | 20.0% | 23.7% |
640nm | 20.2% | 23.3% |
660nm | 20.3% | 23.1% |
680nm | 20.2% | 22.9% |
700nm | 20.0% | 22.8% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 37.6%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray
Internal Reflections:
May have red-orange internal reflections
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Bright bluish white to grayish white
Chemistry of Hanawaltite
Mindat Formula:
[Hg2]2+3Hg2+(Cl,OH)2O3
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Hanawaltite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.790(3) Å, b = 13.881(4) Å, c = 6.450(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.849 : 1 : 0.465
Unit Cell V:
1,055.59 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Subhedral to anhedral crystals, platy to bladed, striated k || [001].
Comment:
Space Group: P bma.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0005606 | Hanawaltite | Grice J D (1999) Redetermination of the crystal structure of hanawaltite The Canadian Mineralogist 37 775-778 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
0015316 | Hanawaltite | Roberts A C, Grice J D, Gault R A, Criddle A J, Erd R C (1996) Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure Powder Diffraction 11 45-50 | 1996 | Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.053 Å | (100) |
5.25 Å | (80) |
2.954 Å | (70) |
3.164 Å | (60) |
2.681 Å | (50) |
2.411 Å | (50) |
4.35 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] | |
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Hanawaltite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Canada, 67396.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Alteration product of cinnabar, in a mercury deposit in silicate-carbonate rock hydrothermally altered from serpentinite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Roberts, A.C., Grice, J.D., Gault, R.A., Criddle, A.J., Erd, R.C. (1996) Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure. Powder Diffraction: 11: 45-50.
Synonyms of Hanawaltite
Other Language Names for Hanawaltite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
3.DD. | Mikecoxite | [CHg4]OCl2 |
3.DD.05 | Eglestonite | [Hg2]2+3OCl3(OH) |
3.DD.05 | Kadyrelite | [Hg2]2+3OBr3(OH) |
3.DD.10 | Poyarkovite | [Hg2]2+3Cl2O2 |
3.DD.20 | Terlinguaite | [Hg3]4+Hg2+Cl2O2 |
3.DD.25 | Pinchite | Hg2+5Cl2O4 |
3.DD.30 | Gianellaite | [(Hg2N)2](SO4)(H2O)x |
3.DD.30 | Mosesite | (Hg2N)(Cl,SO4,MoO4) · H2O |
3.DD.35 | Kleinite | (Hg2N)(Cl,SO4) · nH2O |
3.DD.40 | Tedhadleyite | [Hg2]2+5Hg2+I2(Cl,Br)2O4 |
3.DD.45 | Vasilyevite | [Hg2]2+10I3Br2Cl[CO3]O6 |
3.DD.50 | Aurivilliusite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2(I,Br,Cl)2O2 |
3.DD.55 | Terlinguacreekite | Hg2+3Cl2O2 |
3.DD.60 | Kelyanite | [Hg]2+6Sb3+BrCl2O6 |
3.DD.65 | Comancheite | Hg2+55N3-24(NH2,OH)4(Cl,Br)34 |
3.DD.70 | Gaildunningite | Hg2+3[NHg2+2]18(Cl,I,OH,Br,S)24 |
Other Information
Notes:
Decrepitates on exposure to sunlight, photoreducing to mercury.
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
Avoid exposure to light.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hanawaltite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1813.html
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References for Hanawaltite
Reference List:
Roberts, A. C., Grice, J. D., Gault, R. A., Criddle, A. J., Erd, R. C. (1996) Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 — A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure. Powder Diffraction, 11 (1) 45-50 doi:10.1017/s0885715600008915
Localities for Hanawaltite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist: 34: 61-72. +2 other references |
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