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Hawleyite

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Hawleyite

Nagy-Lápafő area, Parádsasvár, Mátra Mts, Heves Co., Hungary
Hawleyite

Keno Hill, Mayo Mining District, Yukon, Canada
Hawleyite

Haies-Monet, Landenne, Andenne, Namur Province, Belgium
Hawleyite

Nagy-Lápafő area, Parádsasvár, Mátra Mts, Heves Co., Hungary
Hawleyite

Keno Hill, Mayo Mining District, Yukon, Canada
Hawleyite

Haies-Monet, Landenne, Andenne, Namur Province, Belgium
Hawleyite

Nagy-Lápafő area, Parádsasvár, Mátra Mts, Heves Co., Hungary
Hawleyite

Keno Hill, Mayo Mining District, Yukon, Canada
James Edwin (Ed) Hawley
Formula:
CdS
Colour:
Bright yellow
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
4.87 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named in 1955 by Robert James Traill and Robert William Boyle in honor of Professor James Edwin (Ed) Hawley [September 27, 1897 Kingston, Ontario, Canada – April 20, 1965], professor of mineralogy at Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and a specialist in sulfide ore deposit theory.
Dimorph of:
Greenockite
Yellow powdery coatings that also look like greenockite. Much that is attributed to greenockite is actually hawleyite.


Classification of Hawleyite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
2/C.01-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
2.CB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
2.8.2.6

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.4.8

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
4 : Sulphides etc. of Group II metals other than Hg (Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd)

Physical Properties of Hawleyite

Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Bright yellow
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Density:
4.87 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Chemical Properties of Hawleyite

Formula:
CdS
Elements listed:
Cd, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Hawleyite

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
4 3m - Hextetrahedral
Space Group:
F4 3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.818 Å
Unit Cell V:
196.93 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Fine grained powdery coatings

Type Occurrence of Hawleyite

Type Locality:
ⓘ Hector-Calumet mine (Calumet mine - Hector mine), Calumet, Galena Hill, Mayo Mining District, Yukon, Canada

Other Language Names for Hawleyite

German:Hawleyit
Simplified Chinese:黄硫镉矿
方硫镉矿
Spanish:Hawleyita

Relationship of Hawleyite to other Species

Member of:
Sphalerite Group
Other Members of this group:
BrowneiteMnS
ColoradoiteHgTe
Ishiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)S
MetacinnabarHgS
Rudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)S
SphaleriteZnS
StilleiteZnSe
TiemanniteHgSe

Common Associates

SideriteFeCO3
SphaleriteZnS
SphaleriteZnS
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Smithsonite4 photos of Hawleyite associated with Smithsonite on mindat.org.
Sphalerite4 photos of Hawleyite associated with Sphalerite on mindat.org.
Greenockite2 photos of Hawleyite associated with Greenockite on mindat.org.
Quartz2 photos of Hawleyite associated with Quartz on mindat.org.
Azurite2 photos of Hawleyite associated with Azurite on mindat.org.
Magnetite2 photos of Hawleyite associated with Magnetite on mindat.org.
Mooihoekite2 photos of Hawleyite associated with Mooihoekite on mindat.org.
Fe-analogue of Valleriite2 photos of Hawleyite associated with Fe-analogue of Valleriite on mindat.org.
Allophane1 photo of Hawleyite associated with Allophane on mindat.org.
Galena1 photo of Hawleyite associated with Galena on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping

2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTe
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgS
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)S
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnS
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSe
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSe
2.CB.05UM1998-15-S:CuFeZnCu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)S
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2(Fe,Zn)SnS4
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6
2.CB.15aKësteriteCu2ZnSnS4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4
2.CB.15cUM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZnCu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8
2.CB.30ColusiteCu12VAs3S16
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsS
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSe
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdS
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)S
2.CB.45RambergiteMnS
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)S
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTe
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTe
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping

3.4.1Niningerite(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S
3.4.2Oldhamite(Ca,Mg)S
3.4.3MátraiteZnS
3.4.4SphaleriteZnS
3.4.5Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)S
3.4.6StilleiteZnSe
3.4.7GreenockiteCdS
3.4.9CadmoseliteCdSe

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)

2.8.2.1SphaleriteZnS
2.8.2.2StilleiteZnSe
2.8.2.3MetacinnabarHgS
2.8.2.4TiemanniteHgSe
2.8.2.5ColoradoiteHgTe
2.8.2.7Rudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)S

Other Information

Health Risks:
Contains cadmium - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest.

References for Hawleyite

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
TRAILL, R.J. & BOYLE, R.W. (1955): Hawleyite, isometric cadmium sulphide, a new mineral. American Mineralogist 40, 555-559.
Cerny, P. (1957) Second occurrence of hawleyite-b-CdS. Casopis Mineralogii a Geologii: 2: 13-16.
Augustithis, S.S. and Vgenopoulos, A. (1982) On the hawleyite-sphalerite-wurtzite-galena paragenesis from Ragada, Komotini, (Rhodope) North Greece. Special Publication of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits: 2: 413-417.
Deore, S. and Navrotsky, A. (2006) Oxide melt solution calorimetry of sulfides: Enthalpy of formation of sphalerite, galena, greenockite, and hawleyite. American Mineralogist: 91: 400-403.

Internet Links for Hawleyite

mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1834.html
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    • Localities for Hawleyite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
          • Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)
    		Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    • Tasmania
      • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
        • Waratah district
          • Magnet
    		Steve Sorrell Collection
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Kambalda
          • Kambalda Nickel mines
    		Hudson, D.R., Robinson, B.W., Vigers, R.B.W. (1978) Zoned michenerite-testibiopalladite from Kambalda, Western Australia, The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 16 May 1978, pp.121-126.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Karawanken
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
    		A.Pichler (2003)
    • Vorarlberg
      • Montafon
        • Verwall Alps (Verwall Group)
          • Rinder valley (Gafluna valley)
    		Kolitsch, U. (2009): 1578) Hawleyit, Hemimorphit, Hydrozinkit, Posnjakit und Sphalerit von der Putzkammeralpe im Rindertal (Gaflunatal) Montafon, Vorarlberg. Pp. 202-203 in: Niedermayr, G. et al. (2009): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVIII. Carinthia II, 199/119, 189-236.
    Belgium
     
    • Liège Province
      • Verviers
        • Plombières-Vieille Montagne-Moresnet (Plombières-Altenberg-Moresnet) mining district
          • Lontzen
            • Walhorn
    		Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, Vol. 85, 2016, p. 30 - 55 Minéralogie de l’ancienne mine plomb-zinc de
        • Theux
          • Oneux
    • Namur Province
      • Andenne
        • Landenne
    		No reference listed
      • Namur
    		Blondieau, M. et al. (2012): Minéralogie de la carrière de Beez, Province de Namur (Belgique). Le Règne Minéral, 104, 5-26.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 16, pp, 625-640 (1978)
    • Ontario
      • Sudbury District
        • Levack Township
    		Springer (1989) Canadian Mineralogist 27, 311-313; Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    Springer, G. (1989): Chlorine-bearing and other uncommon minerals in the Strathcona deep copper zone, Sudbury District, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist: 27: 311-313
    • Yukon
      • Mayo Mining District
    		Sabina (1992) gsc mr 50, 80-84
          • Calumet
    		TRAILL, R.J. & BOYLE, R.W. (1955): Hawleyite, isometric cadmium sulphide, a new mineral. American Mineralogist 40, 555-559.
          • Elsa
    		M.Mauthner (collection)
    JF Carpentier collection
    JAMBOR, J.L. & BOYLE, R.W. (1962): Gunningite, a new zinc sulphate from the Keno Hill B Galena Hill area, Yukon. Can. Mineral. 7, 209-218.
    R.W. Boyle (1965)
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
        • Sierra Gorda District
    		minerals confirmed by Dr. Jochen Schluter Pdf analysis
    • Atacama Region
      • Cerro Blanco
    		Handbook of Mineralogy; Clark, A. H., & Sillitoe, R. H. (1971). Hawleyite from Mina Coquimbana (Cerro Blanco), Atacama Province, Chile. N Jb Miner Mh, 205-210.
    China
     
    • Guizhou Province
      • Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Duyun Co.
    		Tiegeng Liu, Qian Zhang, Lin Ye, and Shuxun Shao (2004): Geology in China 31(1), 40-45
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Suxian District
    		Damao Wu and Yansong Tan (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(9), 34-36
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Zlín Region
        • Komňa
    		Kruťa, T.: Příspěvky k moravské topografické mineralogii VI. Časopis Moravského musea v Brně, 1956, roč. 41, s. 5-30.
    France
     
    • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
      • Haute-Loire
        • Pinols
          • Pinols
    		http://micromineral.geoglob-market.com/catalogue/
    • Occitanie
      • Hérault
        • Lodève
    		Niels van Velzen Purchased in 1999. Dealer unknown
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
    		Lapis 23(12), 45 (1998)
    Greece
     
    • Attikí Prefecture (Attica; Attika)
      • Lavrion District (Laurion; Laurium)
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		LAPIS 24 (7/8) 1999; Wendel, W. and Markl, G. (1999) Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. LAPIS 24 (7/8):34-52
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
    		Branko Rieck collection and PXRD-analysis
    • Thraki Department (Thrace; Thracia)
      • Komotini Prefecture (Rodopi; Rhodope)
    		Amstutz, G. C., El Goresy, A., Frenzel, G., Kluth, C., Moh, G., Wauschkuhn, A., & Zimmermann, R. A. (Eds.). (2012). Ore Genesis: The State of the Art (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts
        • Parádsasvár (Üveghuta)
    		Jan H.Bernard and Jaroslav Hyrsl; Minerals and their Localities, 2004; Szakáll - Gatter: Minerals of Hungary
    India
     
    • Karnataka
      • Kolar District
    		Mishra, B., and Panigrahi, M.K. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 173-181.
          • Central Schist Belt
    		Genkin A D, Safonov Y G, Vasudev V N, Rao B K, Boronikhin V A, Vyalsov L N, Gorshkov A I, Mokhov A V (1985) Kolarite PbTeCl2 and radhakrishnaite PbTe3(Cl,S)2, new mineral species from the Kolar Gold Deposit, India, The Canadian Mineralogist, 23, 501-506
    Iran
     
    • Sistan and Baluchestan Province
      • Bazman Volcano
    		Ali Sholeh, Ebrahim Rastad, David Huston, J. Bruce Gemmell and Ryan D. Taylor (2016): The Chahnaly Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposit, Western Makran Volcanic Arc, Southeast Iran. Economic Geology 111, 619-639.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Galway
      • Killimor
    		Ryback, G., Nawaz, R. and Farley, E. (1988) Seventh Supplementary List of British Isles Minerals (Irish). Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 52, n° 365, pp. 267-274.; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 1.
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Nuoro Province
        • Gadoni
    		Ogniben G., De Pieri R. (1967) - I minerali di alterazione di Su Friscu (Giacimento di Funtana Raminosa, Sardegna) - Per. Min. Roma, n. 36, vol III, pp. 659-671 and M. Boscardin: Informazioni di mineralogia Italiana: Minerali secondari della miniera di Funtana Raminosa (Sardegna) Notizie del Gruppo Min. Lombardo, n. 1, March 1974, pag. 5
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campigliese (Campiglia Mountains; Campiglia Ridge)
          • Campiglia Marittima
    		Biagioni, C., Orlandi, P., Cerri, M., Pistolesi, M., Rapaccini, S. & Santucci, A. (2013). Temperino e Lanzi. Le paragenesi secondarie dello skarn. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/2013, 40-55.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Gifu Prefecture
          • Ena City
    		Matsubara & Nomura (1982) Chigaku Kenkyu, 33, 197-199
      • Kinki Region
        • Shiga Prefecture
          • Konan City
            • Ishibe
    		Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto); Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.)
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
    		University of Arizona analysis, M. Origlieri
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Te Aroha
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Drammen
        • Konnerud
    		Nilsen, Øyvind Juul (1993): Konnerudområdets sekundærmineraler. STEIN 20 (1), 12-21
    Romania
     
    • Bihor Co.
      • Brusturi
    		collected: Gábor Koller, analysed: Sándor Szakáll, Béla Fehér EDS, and PXRD;
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Putoran Plateau
            • Noril'sk
              • Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Keivy Mountains
    		Voytekhovsky, Yu.L. (2008): New finding of cadmium sulfide in kyanite schists of Kola Peninsula. Zapiski RMO (Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society), 137(2), 63-66
    Spain
     
    • Murcia
      • Cartagena
        • Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Unión
          • Llano del Beal
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 211.
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 198.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Region of Republican Subordination
      • Tien Shan Mtn
        • Alai Range (Alayskiy)
    		I. Pekov data pers. comm. L. Horváth 2008
    • Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad)
      • Kuraminskii Range
    		Enikeev, M. R. (1970): Find of hawleyite. Zapiski Uzbekistanskogo Otdeleniya Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, No. 23, 112-114.; Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30
      • Zeravshan Range
        • Yagnob River
    		No reference listed
    UK
     
    • England
      • Derbyshire
        • Ashover
          • Milltown
    		BMS Database; Ford, T., A. Sarjeant & M. Smith (1993): The minerals of the Peak district of Derbyshire. UK Jour. Mines & Minerals 13, 16-55.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Chiricahua Mts
          • California District
            • Rustler Park
    		Rolf Luetcke
    rolf luetcke
        • Dragoon Mts
          • Dragoon District (Golden Rule District)
            • Buena Vista and Horse Fall Mines
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 244.
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
    		Eakle, A.S. (1917) Minerals associated with crystalline limestone at Crestmore, Riverside County, California. University of California Bull. Department of Geology: 10: 352; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 86.
    • Colorado
      • Gilpin Co.
        • Central City District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Idaho
      • Caribou Co.
        • Soda Springs
    		Kampf, A. R., Nash, B. P., & Loomis, T. A. (2013). Phosphovanadylite-Ca, Ca [V4 4+ P2O8 (OH) 8]· 12H2O, the Ca analogue of phosphovanadylite-Ba. American Mineralogist, 98(2-3), 439-443.
    • Indiana
      • Pike Co.
    		MinRec 15:351
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Rumford
    		Scott Soucey and Tim Blake specimens
    • Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Ruby Hill
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Mount Hope District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Lodi Hills
          • Lodi District
            • Quartz Mountain camp
    		Tom Loomis specimen; Rocks & Minerals (2010) 85:512-524
      • Pershing Co.
        • Nightingale District
    		Tony Nickischer specimen and analysis.
      • White Pine Co.
        • Ward District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
            • Franklin Mine
    		Dunn(1995):Pt4:534.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt4:535.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    M Massis collection
    • South Dakota
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Glendale
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
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