Hawthorneite
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Formula:
BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19
Colour:
Black or brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
5.02 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named by I.E. Grey, I.C. Madsen, and S.E. Haggerty in 1987 in honor of John Barry Hawthorne (1934–2018), former Chief Geologist (Diamonds), DeBeers Consolidated Mines, South Africa, in honor of his contributions to studies of the upper mantle.
Unique combination of elements, although somewhat chemically similar to mathiasite and haggertyite.
The supposed Ti analogue (actually its Ti5Mg2Cr analogue) is IMA-coded as UM1994-07-O:BaCrFeMgTi.
The supposed Ti analogue (actually its Ti5Mg2Cr analogue) is IMA-coded as UM1994-07-O:BaCrFeMgTi.
Classification of Hawthorneite
Approved
Approval year:
1988
First published:
1987
4/C.08-20
4.CC.45
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
7.4.1.3
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
4 : AB12X19
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
4 : AB12X19
7.14.9
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
14 : Oxides of Cr
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
14 : Oxides of Cr
Pronounciation of Hawthorneite
Pronounciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon & Katya Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Hawthorneite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black or brown
Comment:
light gray in reflected light.
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=772 - 835 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Comment:
~5.8
Density:
5.02 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hawthorneite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
Anisotropism:
weak to moderate, brown to gray
Dispersion:
r < v
Colour in reflected light:
light gray
Chemical Properties of Hawthorneite
Formula:
BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19
Crystallography of Hawthorneite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.871(2) Å, c = 23.06(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 3.928
Unit Cell V:
688.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
grains to 100 µm
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0001094 | Hawthorneite | Grey I E, Madsen I C, Haggerty S E (1987) Structure of a new upper-mantle, magnetoplumbite-type phase, Ba(Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg)O19 American Mineralogist 72 633-636 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.616 Å | (100) |
2.765 Å | (85) |
2.414 Å | (49) |
1.468 Å | (45) |
2.936 Å | (42) |
1.617 Å | (42) |
1.660 Å | (38) |
Comments:
calculated
Type Occurrence of Hawthorneite
General Appearance of Type Material:
grains, up to 100 µm, surrounded by lindsleyite and oriented in spinel
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1988,71.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Formed during upper-mantle (75–100 km, 900–1100 ◦C, 20–30 kbar)
metasomatism of chromian spinel in peridotite xenoliths in a kimberlite pipe.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Hawthorneite
Other Language Names for Hawthorneite
Relationship of Hawthorneite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Barioferrite | BaFe3+12O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Batiferrite | BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19 | Hex. |
Gorerite | CaAlFe3+11O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Haggertyite | BaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Hibonite | CaAl12O19 | Hex. |
Hibonite-(Fe) | FeAl12O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Magnetoplumbite | (Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Nežilovite | PbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
Plumboferrite | Pb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19 | Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2 |
UM1994-07-O:BaCrFeMgTi | BaTi5Fe4Mg2CrO19 | |
UM1994-08-O:CaFeKMgTi | KTi5Fe3Cr2Mg2O19 | |
Unnamed (Mn-analogue of Plumboferrite) | Pb-Mn-O | |
Yimengite | K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 | Hex. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.CC. | Allendeite | Sc4Zr3O12 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CC. | Bitikleite | Ca3SbSn(AlO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
4.CC. | Yttriaite-(Y) | Y2O3 | Iso. |
4.CC. | Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
4.CC. | Botuobinskite | SrFe2+(Ti4+12Cr3+6)Mg2[O36(OH)2] | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CC.05 | Chrombismite | Bi3+16Cr6+O27 | Tet. |
4.CC.10 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 | Mon. |
4.CC.15 | Grossite | CaAl4O7 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
4.CC.20 | Chlormayenite | Ca12Al14O32[◻4Cl2] | Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d |
4.CC.25 | Yafsoanite | Ca3Te6+2(ZnO4)3 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) |
4.CC.30 | Latrappite | Ca2NbFe3+O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
4.CC.30 | Lueshite | NaNbO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
4.CC.30 | Natroniobite | NaNbO3 | Mon. |
4.CC.30 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
4.CC.30 | Barioperovskite | BaTiO3 | Orth. mm2 : Amm2 |
4.CC.30 | Lakargiite | Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
4.CC.30 | Megawite | CaSnO3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban |
4.CC.35 | Loparite-(Ce) | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
4.CC.35 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm |
4.CC.35 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 | Iso. 4 3m |
4.CC.35 | Isolueshite | (Na,La)NbO3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m |
4.CC.40 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CC.40 | Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 | Trig. |
4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Y) | (La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical) | Trig. |
4.CC.40 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CC.40 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 | Trig. |
4.CC.40 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 | Trig. |
4.CC.40 | Mathiasite | (K, Ba, Sr)(Zr, Fe)(Mg,Fe)2 (Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 | Trig. |
4.CC.40 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. |
4.CC.40 | Dessauite-(Y) | (Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CC.40 | Cleusonite | (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
4.CC.40 | Gramaccioliite-(Y) | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 | Trig. 3 |
4.CC.45 | Diaoyudaoite | NaAl11O17 | Hex. |
4.CC.45 | Hibonite | CaAl12O19 | Hex. |
4.CC.45 | Lindqvistite | Pb2Mn2+Fe16O27 | Hex. |
4.CC.45 | Magnetoplumbite | (Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
4.CC.45 | Plumboferrite | Pb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19 | Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2 |
4.CC.45 | Yimengite | K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 | Hex. |
4.CC.45 | Haggertyite | BaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
4.CC.45 | Nežilovite | PbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
4.CC.45 | Batiferrite | BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19 | Hex. |
4.CC.45 | Hibonite-(Fe) | FeAl12O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
4.CC.45 | Barioferrite | BaFe3+12O19 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
4.CC.50 | Jeppeite | (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13 | Mon. |
4.CC.55 | Zenzénite | Pb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15 | Hex. |
4.CC.60 | Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.) | (Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29 |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.14.1 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 | Trig. |
7.14.2 | Bracewellite | CrO(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.14.3 | Grimaldiite | CrO(OH) | Trig. |
7.14.4 | Guyanaite | CrO(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.14.5 | Yimengite | K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 | Hex. |
7.14.6 | Mathiasite | (K, Ba, Sr)(Zr, Fe)(Mg,Fe)2 (Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 | Trig. |
7.14.7 | Mcconnellite | CuCrO2 | Trig. |
7.14.8 | Redledgeite | Ba(Ti4+6Cr3+2)O16 | Tet. |
7.14.10 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 | Iso. |
7.14.11 | Wattersite | [Hg2]2+2Hg2+[CrO4]O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
7.14.12 | Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
7.14.13 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Hawthorneite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Grey, I.E., Madsen, I.C., Haggerty, S.E. (1987) Structure of a new upper-mantle, magnetoplumbite-type phase, Ba[Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg]O19. American Mineralogist: 72: 633-636.
Haggerty, S.E., Grey, I.E., Madsen, I.C., Criddle, A.J., Stanley, C.J., Erlank, A.J. (1989) Hawthorneite, Ba[Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg]O19: a new metasomatic magnetoplumbite-type mineral from the upper mantle. American Mineralogist: 74: 668-675.
Daltry, V.D.C. (1997) Mineralogy of South Africa: Type-Mineral Species and Type-Mineral Names, Council For Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa, Handbook 15.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W. and Nichols, M.C., Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110, USA.
Internet Links for Hawthorneite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1835.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Hawthorneite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China | |
| Qi Lu, Huifang Liu, and Ping Xiao (2007): Geological Science and Technology Information 26(2), 1-7 |
Russia | |
| Rezvukhin, D.I.; Alifirova, T.A.; Golovin, A.V.; Korsakov, A.V. (2020) A Plethora of Epigenetic Minerals Reveals a Multistage Metasomatic Overprint of a Mantle Orthopyroxenite from the Udachnaya Kimberlite. Minerals 10, 264. |
South Africa (TL) | |
| Amer.Min.(1989), 74, 668-675; Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. |