Named by I.E. Grey, I.C. Madsen, and S.E. Haggerty in 1987 in honor of John Barry Hawthorne (1934–2018), former Chief Geologist (Diamonds), DeBeers Consolidated Mines, South Africa, in honor of his contributions to studies of the upper mantle.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine), Kimberley, Sol Plaatje, Frances Baard, Northern Cape, South Africa

Unique combination of elements, although somewhat chemically similar to mathiasite and haggertyite.

The supposed Ti analogue (actually its Ti5Mg2Cr analogue) is IMA-coded as UM1994-07-O:BaCrFeMgTi.

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Classification of HawthorneiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval Year:

1988

First Published:

1987

Strunz 8th ed.:

4/C.08-20

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:

4.CC.45

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations

Dana 8th ed.:

7.4.1.3

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
4 : AB₁₂X₁₉

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.14.9

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
14 : Oxides of Cr

Pronounciation of HawthorneiteHide

Pronounciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon & Katya Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of HawthorneiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Black or brown

Comment:

light gray in reflected light.

Hardness:

5½ - 6 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=772 - 835 kg/mm² - Vickers

Comment:

~5.8

Density:

5.02 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of HawthorneiteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (-)

Type:

Anisotropic

Anisotropism:

weak to moderate, brown to gray

Dispersion:

r < v

Colour in reflected light:

light gray

Chemical Properties of HawthorneiteHide

Formula:

BaMgTi₃Cr₄Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺₂O₁₉

Elements listed:

Ba, Cr, Fe, Mg, O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of HawthorneiteHide

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Class (H-M):

6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

P6₃/mmc

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.871(2) Å, c = 23.06(2) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 3.928

Unit Cell V:

688.36 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

grains to 100 µm

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.616 Å	(100)
2.765 Å	(85)
2.414 Å	(49)
1.468 Å	(45)
2.936 Å	(42)
1.617 Å	(42)
1.660 Å	(38)

Comments:

calculated

Type Occurrence of HawthorneiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine), Kimberley, Sol Plaatje, Frances Baard, Northern Cape, South Africa

General Appearance of Type Material:

grains, up to 100 µm, surrounded by lindsleyite and oriented in spinel

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1988,71.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Formed during upper-mantle (75–100 km, 900–1100 ◦C, 20–30 kbar) metasomatism of chromian spinel in peridotite xenoliths in a kimberlite pipe.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Potassian Richterite	Phlogopite	Niobian Chromian Rutile	Mathiasite	Magnesian Chromian Spinel
Magnesian Chromian Ilmenite	Lindsleyite	Fayalite-Forsterite Series	Enstatite	Diopside

Synonyms of HawthorneiteHide

IMA1988-019

Other Language Names for HawthorneiteHide

German:Hawthorneit

Japanese:ホーソン石

Russian:Хоторнеит

Spanish:Hawthorneita

Relationship of Hawthorneite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Magnetoplumbite Group

Other Members of this group:

Barioferrite	BaFe³⁺₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Batiferrite	BaTi₂Fe³⁺₈Fe²⁺₂O₁₉	Hex.
Gorerite	CaAlFe³⁺₁₁O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Haggertyite	BaFe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂Ti₅MgO₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Hibonite	CaAl₁₂O₁₉	Hex.
Hibonite-(Fe)	FeAl₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Magnetoplumbite	(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Nežilovite	PbZn₂Mn⁴⁺₂Fe³⁺₈O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Plumboferrite	Pb₂(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺,Mg)₁₁O₁₉	Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
UM1994-07-O:BaCrFeMgTi	BaTi₅Fe₄Mg₂CrO₁₉
UM1994-08-O:CaFeKMgTi	KTi₅Fe₃Cr₂Mg₂O₁₉
Yimengite	K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)₁₂O₁₉	Hex.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping Hide

4.CC.	Allendeite	Sc₄Zr₃O₁₂	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.	Bitikleite	Ca₃SbSn(AlO₄)₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.	Yttriaite-(Y)	Y₂O₃	Iso.
4.CC.	Anzaite-(Ce)	Ce³⁺₄Fe²⁺Ti₆O₁₈ (OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.05	Chrombismite	Bi₁₆CrO₂₇	Tet.
4.CC.10	Freudenbergite	Na₂(Ti,Fe)₈O₁₆	Mon.
4.CC.15	Grossite	CaAl₄O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CC.20	Chlormayenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂[◻₄Cl₂]	Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.25	Yafsoanite	Ca₃Zn₃(TeO₆)₂	Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.CC.30	Latrappite	Ca₂NbFe³⁺O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30	Lueshite	NaNbO₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CC.30	Natroniobite	NaNbO₃	Mon.
4.CC.30	Perovskite	CaTiO₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30	Barioperovskite	BaTiO₃	Orth. mm2 : Amm2
4.CC.30	Lakargiite	Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30	Megawite	CaSnO₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban
4.CC.35	Loparite-(Ce)	(Na,REE)Ti₂O₆	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.35	Macedonite	PbTiO₃	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.CC.35	Tausonite	SrTiO₃	Iso. 4 3m
4.CC.35	Isolueshite	(Na,La)NbO₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.40	Crichtonite	Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Davidite-(Ce)	(Ce,La)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)₂₀(O,OH)₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Davidite-(La)	(La,Ce)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)₂₀(O,OH)₃₈	Trig.
4.CC.40	Davidite-(Y)	(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe²⁺,◻)(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Nb,Zr)₁₈O₃₈ (hypothetical)	Trig.
4.CC.40	Landauite	NaMnZn₂(Ti,Fe)₆Ti₁₂O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Lindsleyite	(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)₂(Ti,Cr,Fe)₁₈O₃₈	Trig.
4.CC.40	Loveringite	(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)₁₈O₃₈	Trig.
4.CC.40	Mathiasite	(K, Ba, Sr)(Zr, Fe)(Mg,Fe)₂ (Ti,Cr,Fe)₁₈O₃₈	Trig.
4.CC.40	Senaite	Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	Trig.
4.CC.40	Dessauite-(Y)	(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe³⁺)₂₀O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Cleusonite	(Pb,Sr)(U⁴⁺,U⁶⁺)(Fe²⁺,Zn)₂(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Gramaccioliite-(Y)	(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe³⁺₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₁₈O₃₈	Trig. 3
4.CC.45	Diaoyudaoite	NaAl₁₁O₁₇	Hex.
4.CC.45	Hibonite	CaAl₁₂O₁₉	Hex.
4.CC.45	Lindqvistite	Pb₂Mn²⁺Fe₁₆O₂₇	Hex.
4.CC.45	Magnetoplumbite	(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Plumboferrite	Pb₂(Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺,Mg)₁₁O₁₉	Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
4.CC.45	Yimengite	K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)₁₂O₁₉	Hex.
4.CC.45	Haggertyite	BaFe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂Ti₅MgO₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Nežilovite	PbZn₂Mn⁴⁺₂Fe³⁺₈O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Batiferrite	BaTi₂Fe³⁺₈Fe²⁺₂O₁₉	Hex.
4.CC.45	Hibonite-(Fe)	FeAl₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Barioferrite	BaFe³⁺₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.50	Jeppeite	(K,Ba)₂(Ti,Fe)₆O₁₃	Mon.
4.CC.55	Zenzénite	Pb₃Fe₄Mn₃O₁₅	Hex.
4.CC.60	Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)	(Ca,Na)₃(Fe,Mn)₂Mg₂(Sn,Zn)₅Al₈O₂₉

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

7.4.1.1	Hibonite	CaAl₁₂O₁₉	Hex.
7.4.1.2	Yimengite	K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)₁₂O₁₉	Hex.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping Hide

7.14.1	Eskolaite	Cr₂O₃	Trig.
7.14.2	Bracewellite	CrO(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.14.3	Grimaldiite	CrO(OH)	Trig.
7.14.4	Guyanaite	CrO(OH)	Orth.
7.14.5	Yimengite	K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)₁₂O₁₉	Hex.
7.14.6	Mathiasite	(K, Ba, Sr)(Zr, Fe)(Mg,Fe)₂ (Ti,Cr,Fe)₁₈O₃₈	Trig.
7.14.7	Mcconnellite	CuCrO₂	Trig.
7.14.8	Redledgeite	Ba(Ti⁴⁺₆Cr³⁺₂)O₁₆	Tet.
7.14.10	Zincochromite	ZnCr₂O₄	Iso.
7.14.11	Wattersite	(Hg⁺₂)₂Hg²⁺(CrO₄)O₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.14.12	Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
7.14.13	Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for HawthorneiteHide

Reference List:

Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)

Grey, I.E., Madsen, I.C., Haggerty, S.E. (1987) Structure of a new upper-mantle, magnetoplumbite-type phase, Ba[Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg]O19. American Mineralogist: 72: 633-636.

Haggerty, S.E., Grey, I.E., Madsen, I.C., Criddle, A.J., Stanley, C.J., Erlank, A.J. (1989) Hawthorneite, Ba[Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg]O19: a new metasomatic magnetoplumbite-type mineral from the upper mantle. American Mineralogist: 74: 668-675.

Daltry, V.D.C. (1997) Mineralogy of South Africa: Type-Mineral Species and Type-Mineral Names, Council For Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa, Handbook 15.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W. and Nichols, M.C., Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110, USA.

Internet Links for HawthorneiteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-1835.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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Localities for HawthorneiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


China
Shandong Linyi Mengyin County ⓘ Mengyin Kimberlite field	Qi Lu, Huifang Liu, and Ping Xiao (2007): Geological Science and Technology Information 26(2), 1-7

South Africa (TL)
Northern Cape Frances Baard Sol Plaatje Kimberley KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine) ⓘ Bultfontein Mine (TL)	Amer.Min.(1989), 74, 668-675; Minerals of South Africa

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Hawthorneite