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Hawthorneite

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John B. Hawthorne
Formula:
BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19
Colour:
Black or brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
5.02 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named by I.E. Grey, I.C. Madsen, and S.E. Haggerty in 1987 in honor of John Barry Hawthorne (1934–2018), former Chief Geologist (Diamonds), DeBeers Consolidated Mines, South Africa, in honor of his contributions to studies of the upper mantle.
Unique combination of elements, although somewhat chemically similar to mathiasite and haggertyite.


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Classification of HawthorneiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
Approval Year:
1988
First Published:
1987
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/C.08-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.CC.45

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
7.4.1.3

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
4 : AB12X19
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.14.9

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
14 : Oxides of Cr

Pronounciation of HawthorneiteHide

Pronounciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon & Katya RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of HawthorneiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black or brown
Comment:
light gray in reflected light.
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=772 - 835 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Comment:
~5.8
Density:
5.02 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of HawthorneiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
Type:
Anisotropic
Anisotropism:
weak to moderate, brown to gray
Dispersion:
r < v
Colour in reflected light:
light gray

Chemical Properties of HawthorneiteHide

Formula:
BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19
Elements listed:
Ba, Cr, Fe, Mg, O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of HawthorneiteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.871(2) Å, c = 23.06(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 3.928
Unit Cell V:
688.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
grains to 100 µm

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.616 (100)
2.765 (85)
2.414 (49)
1.468 (45)
2.936 (42)
1.617 (42)
1.660 (38)
Comments:
calculated

Type Occurrence of HawthorneiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa
General Appearance of Type Material:
grains, up to 100 µm, surrounded by lindsleyite and oriented in spinel
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1988,71.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Formed during upper-mantle (75–100 km, 900–1100 ◦C, 20–30 kbar) metasomatism of chromian spinel in peridotite xenoliths in a kimberlite pipe.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Potassian RichteritePhlogopiteFayalite-Forsterite SeriesNiobian Chromian RutileMathiasite
Magnesian Chromian SpinelMagnesian Chromian IlmeniteLindsleyiteEnstatiteDiopside

Synonyms of HawthorneiteHide

Other Language Names for HawthorneiteHide

Relationship of Hawthorneite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Magnetoplumbite Group
Other Members of this group:
BarioferriteBaFe3+12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
BatiferriteBaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19Hex.
HaggertyiteBaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
Hibonite(Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19Hex.
Hibonite-(Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
Magnetoplumbite(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19Hex.
NežilovitePbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
PlumboferritePb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19Hex.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

4.CC.AllendeiteSc4Zr3O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.Yttriaite-(Y)Y2O3Iso.
4.CC.05ChrombismiteBi16CrO27Tet.
4.CC.10FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16Mon.
4.CC.15GrossiteCaAl4O7Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CC.20ChlormayeniteCa12Al14O32[◻4Cl2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.25YafsoaniteCa3Zn3(TeO6)2Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.CC.30LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30LueshiteNaNbO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CC.30NatroniobiteNaNbO3Mon.
4.CC.30PerovskiteCaTiO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30BarioperovskiteBaTiO3Orth. mm2 : Amm2
4.CC.30LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30MegawiteCaSnO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban
4.CC.35Loparite-(Ce)(Na,REE)Ti2O6
4.CC.35MacedonitePbTiO3Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.CC.35TausoniteSrTiO3Iso. 4 3m
4.CC.35Isolueshite(Na,La)NbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.40CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(Ce)(Ce,La)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)20(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(La)(La,Ce)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)20(O,OH)38Trig.
4.CC.40Davidite-(Y)(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)Trig.
4.CC.40LandauiteNaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
4.CC.40Loveringite(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38Trig.
4.CC.40Mathiasite(K, Ba, Sr)(Zr, Fe)(Mg,Fe)2 (Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
4.CC.40SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig.
4.CC.40Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Cleusonite(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3
4.CC.45DiaoyudaoiteNaAl11O17Hex.
4.CC.45Hibonite(Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19Hex.
4.CC.45LindqvistitePb2Mn2+Fe16O27Hex.
4.CC.45Magnetoplumbite(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19Hex.
4.CC.45PlumboferritePb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
4.CC.45YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19Hex.
4.CC.45HaggertyiteBaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45NežilovitePbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BatiferriteBaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19Hex.
4.CC.45Hibonite-(Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BarioferriteBaFe3+12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.50Jeppeite(K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13Mon.
4.CC.55ZenzénitePb3Fe4Mn3O15Hex.
4.CC.60Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)(Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29

Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)Hide

7.4.1.1Hibonite(Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19Hex.
7.4.1.2YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19Hex.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

7.14.1EskolaiteCr2O3Trig.
7.14.2BracewelliteCrO(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.14.3GrimaldiiteCrO(OH)Trig.
7.14.4GuyanaiteCrO(OH)Orth.
7.14.5YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19Hex.
7.14.6Mathiasite(K, Ba, Sr)(Zr, Fe)(Mg,Fe)2 (Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
7.14.7McconnelliteCuCrO2Trig.
7.14.8RedledgeiteBa(Ti4+6Cr3+2)O16Tet.
7.14.10ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso.
7.14.11Wattersite(Hg+2)2Hg2+(CrO4)O2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.14.12ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
7.14.13MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for HawthorneiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Grey, I.E., Madsen, I.C., Haggerty, S.E. (1987) Structure of a new upper-mantle, magnetoplumbite-type phase, Ba[Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg]O19. American Mineralogist: 72: 633-636.
Haggerty, S.E., Grey, I.E., Madsen, I.C., Criddle, A.J., Stanley, C.J., Erlank, A.J. (1989) Hawthorneite, Ba[Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg]O19: a new metasomatic magnetoplumbite-type mineral from the upper mantle. American Mineralogist: 74: 668-675.
Daltry, V.D.C. (1997) Mineralogy of South Africa: Type-Mineral Species and Type-Mineral Names, Council For Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa, Handbook 15.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W. and Nichols, M.C., Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110, USA.

Internet Links for HawthorneiteHide

Localities for HawthorneiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China
 
  • Shandong
    • Linyi
      • Yimeng Mts (Yimeng Shan)
        • Mengyin Co.
Qi Lu, Huifang Liu, and Ping Xiao (2007): Geological Science and Technology Information 26(2), 1-7
South Africa (TL)
 
  • Northern Cape
    • Francis Baard District
      • Kimberley
        • KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine)
Amer.Min.(1989), 74, 668-675; Minerals of South Africa
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