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Hawthorneite

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John B. Hawthorne
Formula:
BaMgTi3Cr4Fe22+Fe23+O19
System:
Hexagonal
Colour:
Black or brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Name:
Named by I.E. Grey, I.C. Madsen, and S.E. Haggerty in 1987 in honor of John Barry Hawthorne (1934– ), former Chief Geologist (Diamonds), DeBeers Consolidated Mines, South Africa, in honor of his contributions to studies of the upper mantle.
Unique combination of elements, although somewhat chemically similar to mathiasite and haggertyite.


Classification of Hawthorneite

IMA status:
Approved
Approval Year:
1988
First Published:
1987
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/C.08-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.CC.45

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
7.4.1.3

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
4 : AB12X19
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.14.9

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
14 : Oxides of Cr

Physical Properties of Hawthorneite

Lustre:
Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Opaque
Colour:
Black or brown
Comment:
light gray in reflected light.
Hardness (Mohs):
5½ - 6
Hardness (Vickers):
VHN100=772 - 835 kg/mm2
Comment:
~5.8
Density:
5.02 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Hawthorneite

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
Type:
Anisotropic
Anisotropism:
weak to moderate, brown to gray
Dispersion:
r < v
Colour in reflected light:
light gray

Chemical Properties of Hawthorneite

Formula:
BaMgTi3Cr4Fe22+Fe23+O19
Elements listed in formula:
Ba, Cr, Fe, Mg, O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Analytical Data:
Electron microprobe, wt.%, mean of 11 analytical points, Fe division by charge balance
Nb2O5 0.16
Ta2O5 0.18
SiO2 0.06
TiO2 22.94
La2O3 0.10
Ce2O3 0.31
Fe2O3 11.31
Cr2O3 34.05
FeO 13.83
MnO 0.12
MgO 3.07
BaO 12.52
Na2O 0.10
K2O 0.55

total 99.30

Crystallography of Hawthorneite

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.871(2) Å, c = 23.06(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 3.928
Unit Cell Volume:
V 688.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
grains to 100 µm
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.616 (100)
2.765 (85)
2.414 (49)
1.468 (45)
2.936 (42)
1.617 (42)
1.660 (38)
Comments:
calculated

Type Occurrence of Hawthorneite

Type Locality:
Bultfontein Mine, Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
General Appearance of Type Material:
grains, up to 100 µm, surrounded by lindsleyite and oriented in spinel
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1988,71.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Formed during upper-mantle (75–100 km, 900–1100 ◦C, 20–30 kbar) metasomatism of chromian spinel in peridotite xenoliths in a kimberlite pipe.
Empirical Formula:
(Ba0.85K0.12)Σ0.97(Cr4.68Ti3.02Fe2+2.02Fe3+1.47Mg0.80Mn0.02Nb0.01)Σ12.02O19
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Potassian RichteritePhlogopiteOlivineNiobian Chromian RutileMathiasite
Magnesian Chromian SpinelMagnesian Chromian IlmeniteLindsleyiteEnstatiteDiopside

Relationship of Hawthorneite to other Species

Member of:
Magnetoplumbite Group
Other Members of Group:
BarioferriteBaFe123+O19
BatiferriteBaTi2Fe83+Fe22+O19
HaggertyiteBaFe42+Fe23+Ti5MgO19
Hibonite(Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19
Hibonite-(Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al12O19
Magnetoplumbite(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19
NežilovitePbZn2Mn24+Fe83+O19
PlumboferritePb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19
YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.CC.AllendeiteSc4Zr3O12
4.CC.Yttriaite-(Y)Y2O3
4.CC.05ChrombismiteBi16CrO27
4.CC.10FreudenbergiteNa(Ti34+Fe3+)O8
4.CC.15GrossiteCaAl4O7
4.CC.20ChlormayeniteCa12Al14O32[◻4Cl2]
4.CC.25YafsoaniteCa3Te26+Zn3O12
4.CC.30LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6
4.CC.30LueshiteNaNbO3
4.CC.30NatroniobiteNaNbO3
4.CC.30PerovskiteCaTiO3
4.CC.30BarioperovskiteBaTiO3
4.CC.30LakargiiteCaZrO3
4.CC.30MegawiteCaSnO3
4.CC.35Loparite-(Ce)(Na,Ce,Sr)(Ce,Th)(Ti,Nb)2O6
4.CC.35MacedonitePbTiO3
4.CC.35TausoniteSrTiO3
4.CC.35IsolueshiteNaNbO3
4.CC.40CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
4.CC.40Davidite-(Ce)Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
4.CC.40Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
4.CC.40Davidite-(Y)(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)
4.CC.40Landauite(Na,Pb)(Mn2+,Y)(Zn,Fe)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)18(O,OH,F)O38
4.CC.40Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
4.CC.40Loveringite(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38
4.CC.40Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
4.CC.40SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
4.CC.40Dessauite-(Y)Sr(Y,U,Mn)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
4.CC.40CleusonitePb(U4+,U6+)Fe22+(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38
4.CC.40Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe23+(Ti,Fe3+)18O38
4.CC.45DiaoyudaoiteNaAl11O17
4.CC.45Hibonite(Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19
4.CC.45LindqvistitePb2Mn2+Fe163+O27
4.CC.45MagnetoplumbitePbFe123+O19
4.CC.45PlumboferritePb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19
4.CC.45YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19
4.CC.45HaggertyiteBaFe42+Fe23+Ti5MgO19
4.CC.45NežilovitePbZn2Mn24+Fe83+O19
4.CC.45BatiferriteBaTi2Fe83+Fe22+O19
4.CC.45Hibonite-(Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al12O19
4.CC.45BarioferriteBaFe123+O19
4.CC.50Jeppeite(K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe3+)6O13
4.CC.55ZenzénitePb3Fe43+Mn34+O15
4.CC.60Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)(Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.14.1EskolaiteCr2O3
7.14.2BracewelliteCrO(OH)
7.14.3GrimaldiiteCrO(OH)
7.14.4GuyanaiteCrO(OH)
7.14.5YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19
7.14.6Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
7.14.7McconnelliteCu1+CrO2
7.14.8RedledgeiteBa(Ti64+Cr23+)O16
7.14.10ZincochromiteZnCr2O4
7.14.11WattersiteHg41+Hg2+O2(CrO4)
7.14.12ChromiteFe2+Cr2O4
7.14.13MagnesiochromiteMgCr23+O4

Other Names for Hawthorneite

Synonyms:

IMA1988-019

Name in Other Languages:
Spanish:Hawthorneita

Other Information

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hawthorneite

Reference List:
Grey, I.E., Madsen, I.C., Haggerty, S.E. (1987) Structure of a new upper-mantle, magnetoplumbite-type phase, Ba[Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg]O19. American Mineralogist: 72: 633-636.

Haggerty, S.E., Grey, I.E., Madsen, I.C., Criddle, A.J., Stanley, C.J., Erlank, A.J. (1989) Hawthorneite, Ba[Ti3Cr4Fe4Mg]O19: a new metasomatic magnetoplumbite-type mineral from the upper mantle. American Mineralogist: 74: 668-675.

Daltry, V.D.C. (1997) Mineralogy of South Africa: Type-Mineral Species and Type-Mineral Names, Council For Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa, Handbook 15.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W. and Nichols, M.C., Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110, USA.

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    • Localities for Hawthorneite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    China
     
    • Shandong Province
      • Linyi Prefecture
        • Yimeng Mts (Yimeng Shan)
          • Mengyin Co.
    		Qi Lu, Huifang Liu, and Ping Xiao (2007): Geological Science and Technology Information 26(2), 1-7
    South Africa (TL)
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Francis Baard District
        • Kimberley
    		Amer.Min.(1989), 74, 668-675; Minerals of South Africa
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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