Hedenbergite
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Formula:
CaFe2+Si2O6
System:
Monoclinic
Colour:
brownish green, black
Lustre:
Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
5½ - 6½
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1819 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in honor of Mr. Anders Ludvig (Ludwig) Hedenberg [1781 Sweden - 1809 Sweden], formerly a clerk associated with Mountain College, and later chemistry student and co-worker with Berzelius and who first found it at Mormorgruvan, Tunaberg, Sweden and published a description of the mineral. Later Berzelius (in 1819) named the mineral and described it. Hedenberg and Berzelius attempted to make compounds involving nitrogen and sulfur. {N.B. The first initial commonly attributed to Anders Ludvig Hedenberg's name signifies the title "Mister" and not to a given name.}
Pyroxene Group - Clinopyroxene Subgroup. See also the Hedenbergite-Johannsenite Series, Diopside-Hedenbergite Series, and the Hedenbergite-Petedunnite solid solution.
Classification of Hedenbergite
Hedenbergite and its relation to other pyroxenes
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8/F.01-60
9.DA.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
65.1.3a.2
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
14.22.1
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
22 : Silicates of Fe and Ca
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
22 : Silicates of Fe and Ca
Physical Properties of Hedenbergite
Vitreous, Dull
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Transparent, Opaque
Colour:
brownish green, black
Streak:
white, grey
Hardness (Mohs):
5½ - 6½
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {110}
Good on {110}
Parting:
{100}{010}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.56 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.65 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hedenbergite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.699 - 1.739 nβ = 1.705 - 1.745 nγ = 1.728 - 1.757
2V:
Measured: 58° to 63°, Calculated: 56° to 72°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.029
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= pale green, bluish green
Y= green, bluish green
Z= green, yellow green
Y= green, bluish green
Z= green, yellow green
Chemical Properties of Hedenbergite
Formula:
CaFe2+Si2O6
Elements listed in formula:
Common Impurities:
Mn,Zn,Ti,Al,Mg,Na,K
Crystallography of Hedenbergite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.85 Å, b = 9.01 Å, c = 5.25 Å
β = 104.82°
β = 104.82°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.093 : 1 : 0.583
Unit Cell Volume:
V 450.43 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Short prismatic crystals, columnar or acicular aggregates, granular, lamellar, massive.
Twinning:
Simple and polysynthetic on {100} {010}
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Occurrences of Hedenbergite
Type Occurrence of Hedenbergite
Relationship of Hedenbergite to other Species
Series:
Member of:
Other Members of Group:
| Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Aegirine-augite | (Na,Ca)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg,Al)Si2O6 |
| Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
| Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+SiO3 |
| Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] |
| Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 |
| Jervisite | (Na,Ca,Fe2+)(Sc,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 |
| Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Kanoite | Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6 |
| Kosmochlor | NaCrSi2O6 |
| Kushiroite | CaAl[AlSiO6] |
| Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
| Natalyite | NaV3+Si2O6 |
| Omphacite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)Si2O6 |
| Petedunnite | Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 |
| Pigeonite | (Mg,Fe2+,Ca)(Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 |
| Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.05 | Donpeacorite | (Mn2+,Mg)Mg[SiO3]2 |
| 9.DA.05 | Enstatite | MgSiO3 |
| 9.DA.05 | Ferrosilite | FeSiO3 |
| 9.DA.10 | Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
| 9.DA.10 | Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+SiO3 |
| 9.DA.10 | Kanoite | Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.10 | Pigeonite | (Mg,Fe2+,Ca)(Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
| 9.DA.15 | Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] |
| 9.DA.15 | Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Petedunnite | Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Davisite | CaScAlSiO6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Kushiroite | CaAl[AlSiO6] |
| 9.DA.15 | Grossmanite | CaTi3+ AlSiO6 |
| 9.DA.20 | Aegirine-augite | (Na,Ca)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg,Al)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.20 | Omphacite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Jervisite | (Na,Ca,Fe2+)(Sc,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Kosmochlor | NaCrSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Natalyite | NaV3+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.30 | Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| 14.22.2 | Pyroxferroite | (Fe,Mn,Ca)SiO3 |
| 14.22.3 | Ferro-akermanite | Ca2FeSi2O7 |
| 14.22.4 | Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 |
| 14.22.5 | Tungusite | Ca4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6 |
| 14.22.6 | Ferro-actinolite | ☐{Ca2}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 14.22.7 | Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 14.22.8 | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe23+(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 14.22.9 | Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Other Names for Hedenbergite
Name in Other Languages:
Croatian:Hedenbergit
Dutch:Hedenbergiet
German:Hedenbergit
Funkit
Lodulit
Funkit
Lodulit
Hebrew:הדנברגיט
Italian:Edenbergite
Japanese:灰鉄輝石
Polish:Hedenbergit
Russian:Геденбергит
Spanish:Funkita
Hedenbergita
Lodulita
Hedenbergita
Lodulita
Ukrainian:Геденбергіт
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Hedenbergite in petrology
Common component of (items highlighted in red)
References for Hedenbergite
Reference List:
Hedenberg, A.L. in Afhandlingar i Fysic, Kemi och Mineralogi. Utgifne af W. Hisinger och J. Berzelius. (Stockholm, 1806-18), Vol 2, p. 164.
Berzelius, J.J. (1819) Hedenbergite. Nouveau Système de Minéralogie. A Paris, Chez Méquignon-Marvis, 1819: 269-270.
Smith, J.V. (1966) X-ray emission microanalysis of rock-forming minerals. VI: Clinopyroxenes near the diopside-hedenbergite join. Journal of Geology: 74: 463-467.
Clark, J.R., Appleman, D.E., Papike, J.J. (1969) Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxenes based on eight new structure refinements. MSA Special Paper: 2: 31-50.
Rustein, M.S. (1971) Re-examination of the wollastonite-hedenbergite (CaSiO3-CaFeSi2O6) equilibria. American Mineralogist: 56: 2040-2052.
Cameron, M., Shigeho, S., Prewitt, C.T., Papike, J.J. (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of acmite, diopside, hedenbergite, jadeite, spodumene and ureyite. American Mineralogist: 58: 594-618.
Shimazaki, H., Yamanaka, T. (1973) Iron-wollastonite from skarns and its stability relation in the CaSiO3-CaFeSi2O6 join. Geochemical Journal: 7: 67-79.
(1978) Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 107: 113.
Ito, Yoshiaki; Matsumoto, Takeo; Yoshiasa, Akira (1982): A manganoan hedenbergite from the Nakatatsu mine, Fukui Prefecture, Japan and its crystal structure. Mineralogical Journal 11, 84-92.
Fehr, K.T., Hobelsberger, B. (1997) Experimentelle Bestimmung der chemischen Potentiale von Hedenbergit in der Mischreihe Hedenbergit-Petedunnit. Beiheft zum European Journal of Mineralogy: 9: 98.
Rothkopf, A.L., Fehr, K.T. (1998) The chemical potential of hedenbergite in hedenbergite-petedunnite solid solution determined by EMF measurements. Terra Abstracts: 10: Supplement 1: 53.
Berzelius, J.J. (1819) Hedenbergite. Nouveau Système de Minéralogie. A Paris, Chez Méquignon-Marvis, 1819: 269-270.
Smith, J.V. (1966) X-ray emission microanalysis of rock-forming minerals. VI: Clinopyroxenes near the diopside-hedenbergite join. Journal of Geology: 74: 463-467.
Clark, J.R., Appleman, D.E., Papike, J.J. (1969) Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxenes based on eight new structure refinements. MSA Special Paper: 2: 31-50.
Rustein, M.S. (1971) Re-examination of the wollastonite-hedenbergite (CaSiO3-CaFeSi2O6) equilibria. American Mineralogist: 56: 2040-2052.
Cameron, M., Shigeho, S., Prewitt, C.T., Papike, J.J. (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of acmite, diopside, hedenbergite, jadeite, spodumene and ureyite. American Mineralogist: 58: 594-618.
Shimazaki, H., Yamanaka, T. (1973) Iron-wollastonite from skarns and its stability relation in the CaSiO3-CaFeSi2O6 join. Geochemical Journal: 7: 67-79.
(1978) Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 107: 113.
Ito, Yoshiaki; Matsumoto, Takeo; Yoshiasa, Akira (1982): A manganoan hedenbergite from the Nakatatsu mine, Fukui Prefecture, Japan and its crystal structure. Mineralogical Journal 11, 84-92.
Fehr, K.T., Hobelsberger, B. (1997) Experimentelle Bestimmung der chemischen Potentiale von Hedenbergit in der Mischreihe Hedenbergit-Petedunnit. Beiheft zum European Journal of Mineralogy: 9: 98.
Rothkopf, A.L., Fehr, K.T. (1998) The chemical potential of hedenbergite in hedenbergite-petedunnite solid solution determined by EMF measurements. Terra Abstracts: 10: Supplement 1: 53.
Internet Links for Hedenbergite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1842.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Specimens:
The following Hedenbergite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
Iron Cap Mine, Landsman Camp, Aravaipa, Santa Teresa Mts, Aravaipa District, Graham Co., Arizona, USA