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Hisingerite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About HisingeriteHide

08889430014947029688838.jpg
Wilhelm Hisinger
Formula:
Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Colour:
Black, brownish-black, dark brown, dark green
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.43 - 2.67
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1819 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in honor of Wilhelm Hisinger [December 23, 1766 VĂ€stmanland, Sweden – June 28, 1852 Skinnskatteberg, VĂ€stmanland, Sweden]. Hisinger was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist who worked with Jöns Jakob Berzelius researching electrolysis and the consistency of certain elements to be attracted to similarly charged poles. Hisinger was a co-discoverer of the element cerium, with Berzelius.
Hisingerite-Neotocite Series.
Amorphous to poorly crystalline hydrated iron(III) layer silicate.
Probably has a curved, kaolinite-like structure.

Compare the visually similar siderogel.

Often partly altered to nontronite.

Note on the type locality: "According to most sources, the type locality for the hydrous iron silicate mineral hisingerite is Riddarhyttan, VĂ€stmanland, Sweden, first reported in 1828. However, it was described by A.F. Cronstedt as early as 1751 from VĂ€ster Silvberg, Dalarna (under the name “kolspeglande jĂ€rnmalm”), and in 1810 by W. Hisinger from the Gillinge iron mine, Södermanland (“svart stenart”, later “gillingit”). J. Berzelius introduced the presently valid species name (originally spelt “hisingrit”) in 1819." (Holtstam, 2023).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1910
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1910:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
c053abde-c58f-4d17-b6e1-c56891000ec7

IMA Classification of HisingeriteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O
First published:
1819

Classification of HisingeriteHide

9.ED.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
D : Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
71.1.5.2

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
14.19.8

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
19 : Silicates of Fe

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
HsgIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
HsgWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of HisingeriteHide

Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Black, brownish-black, dark brown, dark green
Streak:
Yellowish brown, green
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
2.43 - 2.67 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.23 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of HisingeriteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
Dispersion:
r < v
Comments:
Frequently isotropic, may have anisotropic areas
Comments:
RI may be 1.5-1.6

Chemistry of HisingeriteHide

Mindat Formula:
Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Common Impurities:
Al,Mg,Ca

Crystallography of HisingeriteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.40 Å, b = 9.03 Å, c = 14.99 Å
β = 98.32°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.598 : 1 : 1.66
Unit Cell V:
723.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Massive, compact, may be minutely botryoidal or crudely spherical.
Comment:
Amorphous to poorly crystalline

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
16.0 Å(40)
7.46 Å(40)
6.27 Å(20)
5.20 Å(40)
4.69 Å(40)
4.41 Å(20)
4.23 Å(100)
3.83 Å(40)
3.67 Å(40)
3.41 Å(60)
3.11 Å(20)
2.936 Å(20)
2.713 Å(80)
2.584 Å(60)
2.456 Å(100)
2.254 Å(80)
2.196 Å(80)
2.097 Å(20)
1.917 Å(40)
1.799 Å(40)
1.720 Å(100)
1.649 Å(20)
1.614 Å(40)
1.568 Å(80)
1.549 Å(80)
1.459 Å(60)
1.428 Å(20)
1.391 Å(20)
1.360 Å(40)
1.316 Å(40)
Comments:
ICDD 26-1140. Note 1: May be very poorly crystalline with d = 4.45 (s), 3.53 (s), 2.56 (s), 1.71 (s), 1.54 (s) and may be very similar to data of neotocite. Note 2: The former hisingerite pattern has significant shifts from ICDD 26-1140.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
Geological Setting:
Secondary mineral formed by weathering or deuteric alteration of iron bearing silicates or sulfides.

Type Occurrence of HisingeriteHide

Geological Setting of Type Material:
Weathered zone of a cobalt and rare earth element polymetallic deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of HisingeriteHide

Other Language Names for HisingeriteHide

Varieties of HisingeriteHide

Aluminian HisingeriteAn Al-bearing variety of hisingerite.
Chrome-Alumina-HisingeriteA chromian Nontronite
DegeroiteA Mg-bearing variety of hisingerite.
Originally reported from Degerö silver mine, Kaitalahti, Helsinki, Southern Finland Region, Finland

Relationship of Hisingerite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
15 photos of Hisingerite associated with CalciteCaCO3
14 photos of Hisingerite associated with RhodochrositeMnCO3
10 photos of Hisingerite associated with PyriteFeS2
7 photos of Hisingerite associated with Limonite
6 photos of Hisingerite associated with Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
6 photos of Hisingerite associated with QuartzSiO2
6 photos of Hisingerite associated with SideriteFeCO3
5 photos of Hisingerite associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
5 photos of Hisingerite associated with FluoriteCaF2
5 photos of Hisingerite associated with Ferrovalleriite2(Fe,Cu)S · 1.5Fe(OH)2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.ED.ClinochrysotileMon. 2/m
9.ED.05DickiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4Mon. m : Bb
9.ED.05KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.ED.05NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4Mon. m : Bb
9.ED.05Odinite(Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)2.4((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4Mon. m : Bm
9.ED.10HalloysiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4Mon. m : Bb
9.ED.10HydrohalloysiteAl2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2OMon. m
9.ED.15AmesiteMg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.ED.15AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4Mon. m : Bm
9.ED.15Berthierine(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4Mon. m : Bm
9.ED.15Brindleyite(Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4Mon.
9.ED.15CaryopiliteMn2+3Si2O5(OH)4Mon.
9.ED.15CronstedtiteFe2+2Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4Trig. 3m : P3 1m
9.ED.15Fraipontite(Zn,Al)3((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4Mon.
9.ED.15Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4Mon.
9.ED.15KellyiteMn2+2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4Hex. 6 : P63
9.ED.15LizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4Trig. 3m : P3 1m
9.ED.15ManandoniteLi2Al4(Si2AlB)O10(OH)8Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
9.ED.15NĂ©pouiteNi3Si2O5(OH)4Orth.
9.ED.15PecoraiteNi3(Si2O5)(OH)4Mon.
9.ED.15GuidottiiteMn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4Hex. 6 : P63
9.ED.15 vaChromoamesiteMg2(Al,Cr)(AlSiO5)(OH)4
9.ED.20Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2OAmor.
9.ED.20ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1Orth.
9.ED.20ImogoliteAl2SiO3(OH)4
9.ED.20Neotocite(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2OAmor.
9.ED.25BismutoferriteFe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH)Mon. m : Bm
9.ED.25ChapmaniteFe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)Mon. m : Bm
9.ED.30PianliniteAl2Si2O6(OH)2Orth.

Fluorescence of HisingeriteHide

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for HisingeriteHide

References for HisingeriteHide

Reference List:

Localities for HisingeriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Birch BH Book
          • Southern operations mine (Pasminco mine; Perilya mine; Consolidated Zinc Mine; CRA mine; New Broken Hill Consolidated Mine; NBHC Mine)
Worner et al. (et al.)
  • Queensland
    • North Burnett Region
      • Gayndah
Ashley (1980)
    • Tablelands Region
      • Mount Garnet
Wang et al. (2024)
  • Tasmania
    • Brighton municipality
      • Bridgewater
R Bottrill
    • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
      • Waratah district
        • Waratah
Bottrill +1 other reference
    • West Coast municipality
      • Zeehan mining district
        • Dundas mineral field
Ralph Bottrill pers comm
  • Victoria
    • City of Greater Geelong
      • Fyansford
        • Lower Paper Mills Road
Shayan (1984)
Clays and Clay Minerals 36:327-336
  • Western Australia
    • Leonora Shire
      • Agnew Goldfield (Lawlers)
Agnew Gold Mine. Technical Short Form ... +2 other references
    • Sandstone Shire
Hassan (2014)
    • Westonia Shire
      • Westonia
Simpson et al. (1948)
Austria
 
  • Lower Austria
    • Melk District
      • Weiten
        • Am Schuß
Kolitsch et al. (2022)
Bolivia
 
  • Cochabamba
    • Ayopaya Province
Alfredo Petrov collection +1 other reference
      • Independencia
Alfredo Petrov and Jaroslav Hyrsl ...
  • La Paz
    • Pedro Domingo Murillo Province
Dr. Fritz Berndt ore collection
  • Oruro
    • PantaleĂłn Dalence Province
      • Huanuni
Wilson (2001) +1 other reference
      • Santa FĂ© mining district
Wilson (2001)
  • PotosĂ­
    • Rafael Bustillo Province
      • Llallagua
Wilson (2001) +1 other reference
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Atlin Mining Division
the world's largest besshi-type ... +1 other reference
  • Manitoba
    • Thompson Nickel Belt
      • Moab-Setting Lakes area
Chen +2 other references
  • Nova Scotia
    • Yarmouth Co.
      • Argyle
        • East Kemptville
Richardson (1988)
  • Ontario
    • Leeds and Grenville Counties
      • Elizabethtown Township
www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.)
    • Parry Sound District
      • Cowper Township
G. M. Schwartz (1924)
    • Timiskaming District
      • Cobalt-Gowganda region
        • Cobalt area
          • Coleman Township
            • Nipissing 404
Reiner Mielke 2017
  • QuĂ©bec
    • ChaudiĂšre-Appalaches
      • Montmagny RCM
        • St-Fabien-de-Panet
Sabina (1992)
    • Mauricie
      • MĂ©kinac RCM
Sabina (1983)
    • MontĂ©rĂ©gie
      • La VallĂ©e-du-Richelieu RCM
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
Horváth et al. (1990)
    • Outaouais
      • Gatineau TE
        • Gatineau Park
Hull-Maniwaki +1 other reference
  • Saskatchewan
Rich et al. (1977)
  • Yukon
    • Watson Lake mining district
Abercrombie (1991) +1 other reference
Chile
 
  • TarapacĂĄ
    • Tamarugal Province
      • Pica
        • Collahuasi mining district
Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of ... +1 other reference
China
 
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture)
      • Hexigten Banner (Keshiketeng Co.)
Ottens et al. (2012)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
Josef Vajdak (2008)
      • HĂĄje
SEJKORA et al. (2022)
  • Olomouc Region
    • JesenĂ­k District
Fojt
  • Pardubice Region
    • Pardubice District
Povondra
Finland
 
  • Uusimaa
    • Helsinki
      • Laajasalo
        • Kaitalahti
[var: Degeroite] Holmberg (1857)
France
 
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Dordogne
      • Nontron
        • Nontron
Cuchet et al. (2008)
  • Occitanie
    • PyrĂ©nĂ©es-Orientales
      • Prades
        • Canaveilles
Guitard (2010)
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Freyung-Grafenau District
        • Röhrnbach
Habel (2009)
      • Passau District
Weiß (1990)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
        • Oberschulenberg
Lapis (1)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Kusel
      • Kusel-Altenglan
        • Reichweiler
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
Wittern (2001)
        • Breitenbrunn
Frenzel (1874)
      • Marienberg
        • Lauta
Hajek (2010)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion Mining District
          • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
[Mineralogical Record - Vol 24 No 2] +1 other reference
  • Qeqertalik
    • Disko Island
BĂžggild (1953)
Hungary
 
  • Heves County
    • PĂ©tervĂĄsĂĄra District
      • Recsk
SzakĂĄll & Gatter: Hun. Min.Spec.
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Savona Province
      • Celle Ligure
Rellini I. et al. (2011) +2 other references
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Bagnolo Piemonte
Ciriotti et al. (2021)
Ciriotti et al. (2021)
Japan
 
  • Fukuoka Prefecture
    • Munakata City
Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geological Survey museum, Japan)
  • Hokkaidƍ Prefecture
    • Kitami Province
Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Kamaishi City
Imai (1976)
    • Oshu City
      • Esashi ward
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
    • Suzuyama mining district
T. Sudo and T. Nakamura (1952)
  • Kyoto Prefecture
    • Kyoto City
      • Sakyou-ku
Alfredo Petrov field collected specimens (ID by appearance and physical properties) +1 other reference
  • Miyazaki Prefecture
    • Nishiusuki District
      • Hinokage
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Nobeoka City
Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Nara Prefecture
Alfredo Petrov collection
  • Okayama Prefecture
    • Niimi City
      • Ohsa-osakabe
Alfredo Petrov collection
  • Okinawa Prefecture
    • Kunigami District
Alfredo Petrov collection
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Chichibu City
      • Ohtaki-mura
        • Nakatsugawa
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Wakayama Prefecture
T. Sudo and T. Nakamura (1952)
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    • Iwakuni City
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) +1 other reference
  • Yamanashi Prefecture
    • Koshu City
Alfredo Petrov collection
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Aquiles SerdĂĄn Municipality
      • Santa Eulalia Mining District
        • East Camp
Panczner (1987)
        • West Camp
          • Francisco Portillo
Panczner (1987)
Middle East
 
Vapnik et al. (2006)
Norway
 
  • Agder
    • Farsund
Nordrum (2007)
    • Iveland
      • Ljosland
Breivik et al. (2010)
  • Innlandet
    • Lom
Neumann (1985)
Wilke (1976)
  • Telemark
    • Porsgrunn
      • Auenlandet
        • SagĂ„sen
Larsen et al. (2005)
      • RisĂžya
Berge (n.d.)
  • TrĂžndelag
    • Trondheim
      • KlĂŠbu
  • Vestfold
    • Larvik
      • TjĂžlling
        • KlĂ„stad
Dietrich (1961)
        • Viksfjord
Dietrich (1961)
  • Viken
    • Indre Østfold
      • HobĂžl
        • MjĂŠrum
Neumann (1985)
Pacific Ocean
 
  • Bering Sea
Glasby et al. (2006)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • WrocƂaw County
      • Gmina Kobierzyce
Ɓ. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation) +1 other reference
Romania
 
  • CaraƟ-Severin County
    • Brebu
HĂąrtopanu et al. (1996)
  • Maramureș County
    • TĂąrgu Lăpuș
Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference
  • Suceava County
    • CĂąrlibaba
      • CĂąrlibaba
HĂąrtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Vishnevye Mountains
webmineral.ru (2016)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Achinsk
Afanas'ev +2 other references
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Khibiny Massif
Pekov et al. (2004)
        • Kirovskii apatite mine
Pekov (2003)
        • Marchenko Peak
Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
      • Rasvumchorr Mt
        • Rasvumchorr Mine
Pekov (1998)
Pavel Kartashov specimens.
    • Lovozersky District
      • Alluaiv Mountain
        • Umbozero mine
Viktor Grishin
Pekov (1998)
    • Pechengsky District
      • Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field
Kompanchenko et al. (2019)
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Dalnegorsk Urban District
Grant et al. (2001)
Dobovol'skaya et al. (1990) +1 other reference
    • Olginsky District
Perevoznikova et al. (2009)
American Mineralogist
  • Tuva
    • Sangilen Upland
Kapustin (1965)
Spain
 
  • Catalonia
    • Barcelona
      • Baix Llobregat
        • GavĂ 
          • Bruguers
Rosell-Riba et al. (2022)
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Falun
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Gatedal (n.d.)
    • Smedjebacken
  • GĂ€vleborg County
    • Hofors
  • Örebro County
    • HĂ€llefors
      • Grythyttan
    • Lindesberg
      • StrĂ„ssa
    • Ljusnarsberg
    • Nora
  • Östergötland County
    • Åtvidaberg
    • Valdemarsvik
Sandström (2007)
  • Stockholm County
    • Haninge
      • Utö
Otter (2004)
    • Vaxholm
      • Resarö
  • Uppsala County
    • Östhammar
      • Dannemora
  • VĂ€rmland County
    • Filipstad
      • LĂ„ngban Ore District
Holtstam et al. (1999)
      • Nordmark mining district
        • Finnshytteberg ore field
      • Nyttsta ore field
      • Persberg ore district
        • Pajsberg
        • Yngshytte ore field
  • VĂ€sterbotten County
    • MalĂ„
    • SkellefteĂ„
      • Skellefte mining district
        • Boliden
Gatedal (n.d.)
  • VĂ€stmanland County
    • Norberg
    • Skinnskatteberg
Eggleton et al. (1998)
  • VĂ€stra Götaland County
    • ÅmĂ„l
Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum)
Switzerland
 
  • Valais
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Saint-Luc
Ansermet (2012)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Linkinhorne
        • Minions
Golley et al. (1995)
London Natural History Museum specimen
      • Penzance
        • Newlyn
Golley et al. (1995)
      • St Day
Golley et al. (1995)
Golley et al. (1995)
    • Cumbria
Stanley et al. (1991)
      • Eden
        • Mungrisdale
Hartley (1984) +1 other reference
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
Chukhrov F.V. et al. (1987)
      • Kerchenskyi (Fe)-ore basin
        • Kerchenskoe deposit
          • Katerlez Trough
Chukhrov F.V. et al. (1987)
    • Simferopol area
      • Lozovoye Village area
Tischenko Alexander
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Tombstone Mining District
Rob Bowell
    • Gila County
      • Banner Mining District
        • Christmas
R.O. Meyer collection
      • Globe-Miami Mining District
        • Miami-Inspiration Mining District
          • Inspiration
            • Castle Dome area (Castle Dome Mine area; Pinto Valley Mine area)
Peterson (1947) +2 other references
    • Pima County
      • Comobabi Mountains
        • Cababi Mining District (Comobabi Mining District)
          • Ko Vaya
            • Mildren Mine group
Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference
Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference
    • Pinal County
      • Mammoth Mining District
        • Tiger
          • St. Anthony deposit
Bideaux (1980) +1 other reference
    • Yavapai County
      • Black Hills (Black Hill Range)
Morrison et al. (2016)
      • Eureka Mining District
        • Bagdad
          • Bozarth Mesa
Anderson et al. (1955)
  • California
    • Kern County
      • Boron
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 66 +3 other references
    • Los Angeles County
      • Agoura Hills
DeVito (1997)
    • Riverside County
      • Whitewater (White Water)
Alfredo Petrov
    • Sonoma County
      • Santa Rosa
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 438. +2 other references
      • West Mayacmas Mining District
Murdoch (1966) +1 other reference
  • Colorado
    • Gunnison County
      • Dorchester Mining District
        • Taylor Park
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Delaware
    • New Castle County
      • Wilmington
Rocks & Min.:11:216 +2 other references
  • Idaho
    • Blaine County
      • Hailey Mining District
        • Bellevue
          • Minnie Moore and Silver Star-Queens Mine (Queen of the Hills; Relief Claim)
Ream (1995)
  • Maine
    • Oxford County
      • Paris
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
      • Peru
C. Burtic & R. Dionne collections. +1 other reference
  • Michigan
...
  • Minnesota
    • Crow Wing County
      • Cuyuna North Range
Alfredo Petrov collection
Tutolo et al. (2019)
Bernard et al. (2004)
  • Nevada
    • Churchill County
      • Fairview Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Clark County
      • Spring Mountains
        • Goodsprings Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Elko County
      • Independence Mountains Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Humboldt County
      • Osgood Mountains
        • Potosi Mining District
Williams (1979)
    • Mineral County
Castor et al. (2004)
    • White Pine County
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Hampshire
    • Carroll County
      • Madison
Rocks & Min 80:245
    • Grafton County
      • Groton
Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005)
  • New Mexico
    • Rio Arriba County
      • Petaca Mining District
        • Las Tablas
          • Mesa de la Jarita
Schreyer et al. (1966)
  • New York
    • Orange County
Alfredo Petrov specimen
    • Putnam County
      • Town of Southeast
- (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) +1 other reference
Leonard S.Wiener and Sigrid Ballew
Davidson
Smithsonian Institution Mineral ...
    • Ashe County
      • Ore Knob
Ross (1935)
    • Macon County
Ross (1935)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Lancaster County
      • Bart Township
Min.Rec.:21:103 +2 other references
  • Utah
    • East Tintic Mountains
Bullock (1981)
    • Utah County
Bullock (1981)
  • Virginia
    • Carroll County
      • Southern Section-Blue Ridge Province
Dietrich (1990)
  • Washington
    • Skagit County
Mustoe (1996)
    • Stevens County
      • Chewelah Mining District
Cannon (1975)
      • Springdale Mining District
        • Wellpinit Area
a preliminary report (No. 75-402) +1 other reference
  • Wisconsin
    • Marathon County
Rocks and Minerals (1987)
Falster (1987)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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