Hureaulite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Hureaulite
Formula:
Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Colour:
Commonly pink to colorless, also Red, orange, orange-red, reddish brown, yellowish brown, violet-rose, amber, gray
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
3.15 - 3.20
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by François Alluaud II in 1825 for the type locality, the village of Hureaux, Haute Vienne Department, Limousin, France. A diacritical mark has been used in the name, "huréaulite", but the town does not use a diacritical mark in its name. In 1912, Waldemar Schaller named a red mineral from Pala, California, USA, "palaite", but the mineral has proved to be only a color variety of hureaulite. Baldaufite was named in 1925 by Franz Mullbauer. De Jesus (1933) named pseudopalaite.
Hureaulite Group.
Originally sometimes called huréaulite; spelling re-defined by Burke (2008).
Study of Gatta (2016) on the material from Jocão pegmatite shows that in the structure there are/is: (1) 5 independent H sites, (2) no zeolitic water, (3) two water molecules standing for vertices of (Mn,Fe) octahedra, (4) only divalent Fe, (5) complex hydrogen bonding system. Iron occupies mostly the M2 site.
Originally sometimes called huréaulite; spelling re-defined by Burke (2008).
Study of Gatta (2016) on the material from Jocão pegmatite shows that in the structure there are/is: (1) 5 independent H sites, (2) no zeolitic water, (3) two water molecules standing for vertices of (Mn,Fe) octahedra, (4) only divalent Fe, (5) complex hydrogen bonding system. Iron occupies mostly the M2 site.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Hureaulite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1952
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1952:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
0e18ee84-cb12-4c26-99c0-7c756e5b0d9b
IMA Classification of Hureaulite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1825
Classification of Hureaulite
8.CB.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1
39.2.1.1
39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5[HXO4]2[XO4]2.xH2O
39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5[HXO4]2[XO4]2.xH2O
19.12.22
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Hur | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Hur | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Hureaulite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Bright
Colour:
Commonly pink to colorless, also Red, orange, orange-red, reddish brown, yellowish brown, violet-rose, amber, gray
Streak:
Nearly white
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{100}, good.
{100}, good.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.15 - 3.20 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.23 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured values on Vilate material; 3.15 on Branchville material.
Optical Data of Hureaulite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.637 - 1.657 nβ = 1.645 - 1.667 nγ = 1.649 - 1.671
2V:
Measured: 75° to 82°, Calculated: 70° to 84°
Birefringence:
0.015
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012 - 0.014
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v very strong; crossed.
Optical Extinction:
X = b, Z^c ~ 61°-75°
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Colourless
Y = Yellow to light pink
Z = Reddish yellow to reddish brown
Y = Yellow to light pink
Z = Reddish yellow to reddish brown
Comments:
Fe substitution increases RI, a few chemical analyses show Fe>Mn.
Chemistry of Hureaulite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Hureaulite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.594(10) Å, b = 9.086(5) Å, c = 9.404(5) Å
β = 96.67(8)°
β = 96.67(8)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.936 : 1 : 1.035
Unit Cell V:
1493.14 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals short prismatic [001] with large sloping termination; tabular {100} at times; equant. Crystals individuals or in groups; fascicled at times. Massive, compact, scaly, or imperfectly fibrous.
Comment:
C2/c setting
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000314 | Hureaulite | Moore P B, Araki T (1973) Hureaulite, Mn5(H2O)4[PO3(OH)]2[PO4]2: Its atomic arrangement American Mineralogist 58 302-307 | 1973 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
8.75 Å | (40) |
8.09 Å | (70) |
4.55 Å | (40) |
3.20 Å | (30) |
3.15 Å | (100) |
2.99 Å | (70) |
2.63 Å | (40) |
2.19 Å | (30) |
Comments:
ICDD 39-146; also 16-383
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Geological Setting:
Granite pegmatite late stage phosphate mineralization.
Type Occurrence of Hureaulite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Zone of altered Triphylite in granite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Vauquelin, L.N. (1825) Analyse de l´huraulite, minéral trouvé dans la commune d´Hureaux. Annales de Chimie et de Physique: 3: 302-307.
Synonyms of Hureaulite
Other Language Names for Hureaulite
French:Huraulite
Huréaulite
Huréaulite
German:Hureaulith
Baldaufit
Huraulit
Baldaufit
Huraulit
Russian:Гюролит
Spanish:Baldaufita
Hureaulita
Hureaulita
Varieties of Hureaulite
Bastinite | A lithian variety of Hureaulite which has a characteristic platy morphology. |
Relationship of Hureaulite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chongite | Ca3Mg2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Giftgrubeite | CaMn2Ca2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Miguelromeroite | MnMn2Mn2(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Nyholmite | Cd3Zn2(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Sainfeldite | Ca5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Villyaellenite | MnMn2Ca2(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
158 photos of Hureaulite associated with Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 |
112 photos of Hureaulite associated with Correianevesite | Fe2+Mn2+2(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
49 photos of Hureaulite associated with Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
45 photos of Hureaulite associated with Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
41 photos of Hureaulite associated with Vivianite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
41 photos of Hureaulite associated with Leucophosphite | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
32 photos of Hureaulite associated with Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
29 photos of Hureaulite associated with Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
24 photos of Hureaulite associated with Jahnsite Group | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
20 photos of Hureaulite associated with Tavorite | LiFe3+(PO4)(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.CB. | Krupičkaite | Cu6[AsO3(OH)]6 · 8H2O |
8.CB. | Ermeloite | Al(PO4) · H2O |
8.CB.05 | Serrabrancaite | MnPO4 · H2O |
8.CB.10 | Villyaellenite | MnMn2Ca2(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O |
8.CB.10 | UM1997-09-AsO:CaHMgZn | (Mg,Ca,Zn)5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O |
8.CB.10 | Nyholmite | Cd3Zn2(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O |
8.CB.10 | Miguelromeroite | MnMn2Mn2(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 4H2O |
8.CB.10 | Giftgrubeite | CaMn2Ca2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 4H2O |
8.CB.15 | Krautite | Mn(HAsO4) · H2O |
8.CB.20 | Cobaltkoritnigite | Co(AsO3OH) · H2O |
8.CB.20 | Koritnigite | Zn(AsO3OH) · H2O |
8.CB.20 | Magnesiokoritnigite | Mg(AsO3OH) · H2O |
8.CB.25 | Yvonite | Cu(HAsO4) · 2H2O |
8.CB.30 | Geminite | Cu2+(AsO3OH) · H2O |
8.CB.35 | Schubnelite | Fe3+VO4 · H2O |
8.CB.40 | Radovanite | Cu2Fe3+(AsO4)(HAs3+O3)2 · H2O |
8.CB.45 | Kazakhstanite | Fe3+5V4+3V5+12O39(OH)9 · 9H2O |
8.CB.50 | Kolovratite | NixZny(VO4)0.67(x+y) · nH2O |
8.CB.60 | Burgessite | Co2(H2O)4[AsO3(OH)]2(H2O) |
8.CB.60 | Honzaite | Ni2(AsO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
8.CB.65 | Cardite | Zn5.5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)3 · 3H2O |
Fluorescence of Hureaulite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hureaulite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1952.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Hureaulite
Reference List:
Fisher, D. Jerome (1964) Lithian hureaulite from the Black Hills. American Mineralogist, 49 (3-4) 398-406
Moore, Paul Brian, Araki, Takaharu (1973) Hureaulite, Mn2+5(H2O)4[PO3(OH)]2[PO4]2: Its atomic arrangement. American Mineralogist, 58 (3-4) 302-307
Shigley, James E., Brown, Gordon E. (1985) Occurrence and alteration of phosphate minerals at the Stewart Pegmatite, Pala District, San Diego County, California. American Mineralogist, 70 (3-4) 395-408
Gerault, Y., Riou, A., Cudennec, Y. (1987) Phosphate hydrogénophosphate hydrate de manganèse. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 43 (9) 1829-1830 doi:10.1107/s0108270187090000
Frost, Ray L., Erickson, Kristy L. (2005) Near-infrared spectroscopic study of selected hydrated hydroxylated phosphates. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 61 (1) 45-50 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2004.03.010
Burke, Ernst A. J. (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks. The Mineralogical Record, 39 (2) 131-135
Frost, Ray L., Xi, Yunfei, Scholz, Ricardo, López, Andrés, Belotti, Fernanda M. (2013) Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the phosphate mineral hureaulite – (Mn,Fe)5(PO4)2(HPO4)2·4(H2O) Vibrational Spectroscopy, 66. 69-75 doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2013.02.003
Dyar, M. D., Jawin, E. R., Breves, E., Marchand, G., Nelms, M., Lane, M. D., Mertzman, S. A., Bish, D. L., Bishop, J. L. (2014) Mössbauer parameters of iron in phosphate minerals: Implications for interpretation of martian data. American Mineralogist, 99 (5) 914-942 doi:10.2138/am.2014.4701
Gatta, G. Diego, Redhammer, Günther J, Vignola, Pietro, Meven, Martin, McIntyre, Garry J (2016) Single-crystal neutron diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopic study of hureaulite, (Mn,Fe)5(PO4)2(HPO4)2(H2O)4. European Journal of Mineralogy, 28 (1) 93-103 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2464
Localities for Hureaulite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Gay et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| OYARZABAL et al. (H2O) |
| OYARZABAL et al. (H2O) |
OYARZABAL et al. (H2O) | |
| Roda-Robles et al. (2012) |
Australia | |
| |
| |
| Jacobson et al. (2007) |
| Jacobson et al. (2007) |
Brazil | |
| Dunn et al. (1978) |
| [var: Bastinite] King (n.d.) |
sergio varvello | |
Baijot et al. (2014) +1 other reference | |
Sergio Varvello collection +1 other reference | |
Carlos Barbosa specimen | |
| Sergio Varvello photo |
| Carlos Barbosa specimen |
Collect on mineral trip | |
fabreminerals specimen | |
| Atencio et al. (2004) |
Cassedanne et al. (1999) +1 other reference | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Carlos Barbosa specimen |
| Atencio et al. (2006) |
| Piló et al. (2023) |
| Cassedanne et al. (1991) |
| Murdoch (1955) |
Wegner et al. (1998) | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Amores et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| DIXON et al. (2014) |
Czech Republic | |
| Č +4 other references |
DR Congo | |
| Thoreau (1957) |
Finland | |
| Teertstra et al. (1993) |
| Lahti (1981) |
Lahti (1981) | |
Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin ... +1 other reference | |
| Joel Dyer collection |
France | |
| perso.wanadoo.fr (2004) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Anthony et al. (2000) | |
Boisson (1988) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| BERBAIN. C et al. (2016) |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dill H.G.: "Mineralogical and chemical ... +1 other reference |
www.berthold-weber.de (2001) +1 other reference | |
Wittern (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Blaß et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Matsubara & Kato (1996) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pekov (1998) |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1960) |
| Behier (1960) |
Morocco | |
| FRANSOLET (1974) |
| Favreau (2012) |
Mozambique | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Neves et al. (1968) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Keller (1985) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| P. Keller and O. von Knorring |
| Keller et al. (2007) |
von Bezing (2007) | |
Bezing et al. (2007) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Contrib Mineral Petrol (1986) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Norway | |
| Kristiansen (1972) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Pieczka A. |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Włodek et al. (2015) |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Barsch O. | |
Portugal | |
| Garate et al. (2012) |
| Identified by C. Rewitzer |
| Pedro Alves collection. |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
Pedro Alves collection | |
| Self-collected by Pedro Alves. |
| 4 +4 other references |
| Neves (1960) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Gramaccioli (1981) +3 other references |
Pedro Alves collection (p-XRD and SEM EDS analysed samples) | |
Rui Nunes February +1 other reference | |
| António Joaquim Monteiro |
| |
| Identified in Rebentão Mine |
| Nuno Afonso collection |
Romania | |
| Androne et al. (2005) |
Rwanda | |
| Bertossa (1968) +1 other reference |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| Roda et al. (2001) |
| Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007) |
| Roda-Robles et al. (1998) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| NÚÑEZ-GARCÍA et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
USA | |
| Rocks & Minerals: 70 (5) |
| Leavens (1967) +1 other reference |
Jahns (1952) +1 other reference | |
| London et al. (1982) |
Jahns (1952) | |
| Fisher (2002) |
| Mineralogical Record (2002) |
Jahns et al. (1951) | |
Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references | |
San Diego Mining Company (2022) | |
| Brush and Dana (1890) +3 other references |
| Schooner (circa 1990) |
| Schooner (circa 1985) +2 other references |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King (2000) |
| W. B. Thompson et al. (2005) |
| Mineral News (1995) +1 other reference |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Record 22:382 +2 other references |
| Tim Blake and Scott Soucey specimens |
| W. B. Thompson et al. (2005) |
Thompson et al. (1998) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Robert Whitmore collection |
| Bob Janules collection |
| Rocks & Minerals: 80: 252. |
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference | |
| Thompson et al. (2022) |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241 |
| Horton et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Peacor (1969) +1 other reference |
[var: Bastinite] Am Min (1946) | |
Smith et al. (2000) | |
Smith et al. (2000) | |
Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Campbell et al. (1985) |
| [var: Bastinite] King (n.d.) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| [var: Bastinite] Karl Volkman specimen |
Smith et al. (2000) | |
Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Peacor et al. (1984) |
Rocks & Minerals: 57: 160 +1 other reference | |
Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Falster et al. (1996) |
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Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany