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Ikaite

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03307480014951002777480.jpg
Ikaite

Olenitsa River, White Sea Coast, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
03307480014951002777480.jpg
Ikaite

Olenitsa River, White Sea Coast, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
03307480014951002777480.jpg
Ikaite

Olenitsa River, White Sea Coast, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
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About IkaiteHide

04668280015077180467424.jpg
Ikka Bund (Fjord) panorama

Ikka Bund, Ikka Fjord, Sermersooq, Greenland
Formula:
CaCO3 · 6H2O
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For the type locality Ikka Fjord, Greenland (formerly spelled Ika).
Readily dehydrates to calcite above 8°C.
The resulting pseudomorph of calcite after ikaite is also called "glendonite."

Compare Unnamed (Amorphous Calcium Carbonate).


Classification of IkaiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
Strunz 8th ed.:
5/D.01-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
5.CB.25

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates)
Dana 8th ed.:
15.1.4.1

15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
1 : A(XO3)·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
11.4.5

11 : Carbonates
4 : Carbonates of Ca

Optical Data of IkaiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.455 nβ = 1.538 nγ = 1.545
2V:
Measured: 45° , Calculated: 30°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.090
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
distinct

Chemical Properties of IkaiteHide

Formula:
CaCO3 · 6H2O
IMA Formula:
Ca(CO3) · 6H2O
Elements listed:
C, Ca, H, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of IkaiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.87 Å, b = 8.23 Å, c = 11.02 Å
β = 110.2°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.078 : 1 : 1.339
Unit Cell V:
754.98 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0010853IkaiteHesse K F, Kuppers H, Suess E (1983) Refinement of the structure of ikaite, CaCO3*6(H2O) Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 163 227-2311983Bransfield Strait, Antarctica0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Geological EnvironmentHide

Geological Setting:
Forms in sea water and lake water in anerobic, organic-rich periglacial and glaciomarine environments near 0°C, readily converting to calcite at higher temperatures.

Type Occurrence of IkaiteHide

Synonyms of IkaiteHide

Other Language Names for IkaiteHide

German:Ikait
Russian:Икаит
Spanish:Ikaita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
10 photos of Ikaite associated with OpalSiO2 · nH2O
8 photos of Ikaite associated with CalciteCaCO3
4 photos of Ikaite associated with GlendoniteCaCO3

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

5.CB.05ThermonatriteNa2CO3 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
5.CB.10NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
5.CB.15TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m
5.CB.20MonohydrocalciteCaCO3 · H2OTrig. 3 : P31
5.CB.30PirssoniteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 2H2OOrth. mm2 : Fdd2
5.CB.35GaylussiteNa2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
5.CB.40ChalconatroniteNa2Cu(CO3)2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m
5.CB.45BaylissiteK2Mg(CO3)2 · 4H2OMon.
5.CB.50TuliokiteNa6BaTh(CO3)6 · 6H2OTrig.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

11.4.1CalciteCaCO3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
11.4.2AragoniteCaCO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
11.4.3VateriteCaCO3Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
11.4.4MonohydrocalciteCaCO3 · H2OTrig. 3 : P31
11.4.6DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2Trig. 3 : R3
11.4.7HuntiteCaMg3(CO3)4Trig. 3 2 : R3 2
11.4.8SergeeviteCa2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4 · 6H2OTrig.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for IkaiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Pauly, H. (1963) “Ikaite”, a new mineral from Greenland. Arctic, 16, 263–264.
Pauly, H. (1963): Ikaite, nyt mineral der danner skaer. Naturens Verdens 1963, 168-192.
American Mineralogist (1964): 49: 439.
Dickens, B. and Brown, W.E. (1970): The crystal structure of calcium carbonate hexahydrate at ~120°C. Inorganic Chemistry, 9, 480–486.
Suess, E., Balzer, W., Hesse, K.-F., Muller, P.J., Ungerer, C.A., and Wefer, G. (1982): Calcium carbonate hexahydrate from organic rich sediments of the Antarctic shelf: precursors of glendonites. Science, 216, 1128–1131.
Hesse, K. -F., Kuppers, H., Suess, E. (1983): Refinement of the structure of Ikaite, CaCO3.6H2O. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 163, 227-231.
Bischoff, J.L, Fitzpatrick, J.A., and Rosenbauer, R.J. (1992): The solubility and stabilization of ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O) from 0° to 25°C: Environmental and paleoclimatic implications for thinolite tufa. Journal of Geology, 101, 21–33.
Bischoff, J. L., Stine, S., Rosenbauer, R. J., Fitzpatrick, J. A., Stafford Jr, T. W. (1993): Ikaite precipitation by mixing of shoreline springs and lake water, Mono Lake, California, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57, 3855-3856.
Buchardt, B., Seaman, P., Stockmann, G., Wilken, M.V.U., Duwel, L., Kristiansen, A., Jenner, C., Whiticar, M. J., Kristensen R.M., Petersen, G.H., and Thorbjorn, L. (1997): Submarine columns of ikaite tufa. Nature, 390, 129–130.
Shahar, A., Bassett, W. A., Mao, H., Chou, I.-M., Mao, W. (2005): The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, at high pressure and temperature. American Mineralogist 90, 1835-1839.
Dieckmann, G. S., Nehrke, G., Papadimitriou, S., Göttlicher, J., Steininger, R., Kennedy, H., Wolf-Gladrow, D., and Thomas, D. N. (2008): Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08501.
Frank, T. D., Thomas, S. G., Fielding, C. R. (2008) On using carbon and oxygen isotope data from glendonites as paleoenvironmental proxies: A case study from the Permian system of eastern Australia. Journal of Sedimentary Research 78, 713-723.
M. B. Oehlerich, N. Sánchez-Pastor, C. Mayr, B. Kremer, E. Griesshaber, W. W. Schmahl, A. Lücke, C. Ohlendorf and B. Zolitschka (2009): On the Study of Natural and Synthetic Ikaite Crystals. Macla 11, 135-136. [http://www.ehu.es/sem/macla_pdf/macla11/Macla11_135.pdf]
Dieckmann, GS; Nehrke, G; Uhlig, C; Gottlicher, J; Gerland, S; Granskog, MA; Thomas, DN. (2010): Brief Communication: Ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O) discovered in Arctic sea ice. CRYOSPHERE 4 (2), 227-230.
Žák K., Skála R., Filippi M., Plášil J. (2010): Ikait - málo známý minerál zaledněných jeskyní: výskyt v občasném sezónním zalednění jeskyně Koda (Český kras). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrologického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze 18 (1), 109-115. [Ikaite on surface of seasonal cave ice formations]
Tateno, N., Kyono, A. (2014): Structural change induced by dehydration in ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O). Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 109, 157-168.
Boch, R. et al. (2015): Ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O) in a man-made river bed: concrete leaching and hydrochemical alteration. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft 161, 24 (abs.).
Tansman, G. F., Kindstedt, P. S., Hughes, J. M. (2017) Minerals in food: Crystal structures of ikaite and struvite from bacterial smears on washed-rind cheese. Canadian Mineralogist 55, 89-100.
Field, L.P., Milodowski, A.E., Shaw, R.P., Stevens, L.P., Hall, M.R., Kilpatrick, A., Gunn, J., Kemp, S.J., Ellis, M.A. (2017): Unusual morphologies and the occurrence of pseudomorphs after ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) in fast growing, hyperalkaline speleothems. Mineralogical Magazine 81, 565-589.
Wikipedia (2017): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaite [many further references]
Seaman, P. & Buchardt, B. (2009): The Ikka Project. http://reocities.com/RainForest/Vines/1486/ikkap.htm

Internet Links for IkaiteHide

Localities for IkaiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
Dieckmann, G. S., Nehrke, G., Papadimitriou, S., Göttlicher, J., Steininger, R., Kennedy, H., Wolf-Gladrow, D., and Thomas, D. N. (2008): Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08501.
  • Western Antarctica
    • Antarctic Peninsula
AmMin 86:1530-1533 (2001)
Dieckmann, G. S., Nehrke, G., Papadimitriou, S., Göttlicher, J., Steininger, R., Kennedy, H., Wolf-Gladrow, D., and Thomas, D. N. (2008): Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08501.
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Flinders Ranges
      • North Flinders Ranges
Keith F Compton collection
Canada
 
  • Saskatchewan
Last, F. M., Last, W. M., Fayek, M., & Halden, N. M. (2013). Occurrence and significance of a cold-water carbonate pseudomorph in microbialites from a saline lake. Journal of paleolimnology, 50(4), 505-517.
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Beroun District
Žák K., Skála R., Filippi M., Plášil J. (2010): Ikait - málo známý minerál zaledněných jeskyní: výskyt v občasném sezónním zalednění jeskyně Koda (Český kras). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrologického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze 18 (1), 109-115.
Greenland (TL)
 
  • Sermersooq
    • Ikka Fjord (Ìka)
Petersen, O. V. & Johnsen, O. (2005): Mineral species first described from Greenland. Canadian Mineralogist, Special publication no. 8.
Japan
 
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Tokachi Subprefecture
      • Ashoro District
        • Ashoro-cho (Asyoro-tyo)
Genko. 91(6). 209-219
Norway
 
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 228.
Romania
 
  • Alba
    • Gârda de Sus
Bogdan P. Onac, Jonathan G. Wynn (2017) Ikaite in old and newly formed ice deposit of Scărișoara Ice Cave, Romania. In 17th International Congress of Speleology (No. I, p. 261). Australian Speleological Federation Inc.
  • Buzău
Slavoaca, R., Slavoaca, D.C., 2000. Water chemistry and hydrochemical processes assessment in zones with Land slip in Buzău and Vrancea, SE Romania. Romanian Journal of Mineral Deposits, 79, Suppl. I, 2000, p.99-101
Russia
 
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • White Sea Coast
Actually 'glendonite'
UK
 
  • England
    • Derbyshire
      • High Peak
        • Peak Forest
Field, L.P., Milodowski, A.E., Shaw, R.P., Stevens, L.P., Hall, M.R., Kilpatrick, A., Gunn, J., Kemp, S.J., Ellis, M.A. (2017): Unusual morphologies and the occurrence of pseudomorphs after ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) in fast growing, hyperalkaline speleothems. Mineralogical Magazine 81, 565-589.
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • North Slope Borough
Kennedy, G. L., Hopkins, D. M., & Pickthorn, W. J. (1987, October). Ikaite, the glendonite precursor, in estuarine sediments at Barrow, Arctic Alaska. In Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs (Vol. 19, p. 725).
  • California
    • Mono Co.
Geology 21:971-974.; Whiticar, M. J., & Suess, E. (1998). The Cold Carbonate Connection Between Mono Lake, Californiaand the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Aquatic Geochemistry, 4(3), 429-454.
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