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Ixiolite

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Ixiolite

Gundlebo, Väne Ryr, Vänersborg, Västergötland, Sweden
Ixiolite

Varuträsk, Skellefteå, Västerbotten, Sweden
Ixiolite

Alto Ligonha District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique
Ixiolite

Gundlebo, Väne Ryr, Vänersborg, Västergötland, Sweden
Ixiolite

Varuträsk, Skellefteå, Västerbotten, Sweden
Ixiolite

Alto Ligonha District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique
Ixiolite

Gundlebo, Väne Ryr, Vänersborg, Västergötland, Sweden
Ixiolite

Varuträsk, Skellefteå, Västerbotten, Sweden
Ixion
Formula:
(Ta,Mn,Nb)O2
System:
Orthorhombic
Colour:
Steel-grey, black
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
6 - 6½
Name:
After Ixion in Greek mythology, a character related to Tantalus, in allusion to the tantalum content of the material.
Complex oxide with disordered cation distribution (only one cation site in the asymmetric unit) and a unit cell equivalent to a subcell of columbite.

Some "ixiolites" are Nb-dominant and probably a new species (see ixiolite varieties).
Orthorhombic, although some varieties seem to be monoclinic-pseudoorthorhombic (Wise et al., 1998).



Classification of Ixiolite

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Approval Year:
1962
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/D.17-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.DB.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th ed.:
8.1.10.1

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
1 : ABO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
18.1.41

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U

Physical Properties of Ixiolite

Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Opaque
Colour:
Steel-grey, black
Hardness (Mohs):
6 - 6½
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
7.03 - 7.23 g/cm3 (Measured)    7.39 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Chemical Properties of Ixiolite

IMA Formula:
(Ta,Mn,Nb)O2
Elements listed in formula:
Mn, Nb, O, Ta - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Ixiolite

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.73 Å, b = 4.74 Å, c = 5.16 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.209 : 1 : 1.089
Unit Cell Volume:
V 140 ų
Morphology:
Single crystals are "columbite-like", also as spherical aggregates. Rectangular prisms with {100}, {001}, and {010}.
Twinning:
Twinned on {103} at times.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.65 (32)
2.98 (100)
2.87 (5)
2.57 (13)
2.51 (20)
2.37 (5)
2.265 (2)
2.213 (4)
2.104 (9)
2.017 (1)
1.915 (4)
1.826 (6)
1.772 (13)
1.746 (17)
1.722 (24)
1.554 (12)
1.521 (1)
1.490 (1)
1.459 (29)
1.380 (1)
Comments:
The unit-cell is a sub-cell of columbite, with similar parameters except for b, which is one-third of the columbite b parameter.

Occurrences of Ixiolite

Type Occurrence of Ixiolite

Type Locality:
Skogsböle (Skogböle), Kemiö Island (Kimito Island), Southwestern Finland Region, Finland
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granitic pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Tapiolite-(Fe)Feldspar Group

Relationship of Ixiolite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.DB.05ArgutiteGeO2
4.DB.05CassiteriteSnO2
4.DB.05PlattneritePbO2
4.DB.05PyrolusiteMnO2
4.DB.05RutileTiO2
4.DB.05TripuhyiteFe3+Sb5+O4
4.DB.05TugarinoviteMoO2
4.DB.05Varlamoffite(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2
4.DB.10ByströmiteMgSb25+O6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
4.DB.10OrdoñeziteZnSb25+O6
4.DB.15bAkhtenskiteMnO2
4.DB.15cNsutiteMnx2+Mn4+1-xO2-2x(OH)2x
4.DB.15aParamontroseiteVO2
4.DB.15aRamsdelliteMn4+O2
4.DB.20ScrutinyitePbO2
4.DB.25Ishikawaite(U,Fe,Y)NbO4
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)(Y,Ce,U,Fe,Nb)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4
4.DB.25SrilankiteTi2ZrO6
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)(Y,U,Fe2+)(Nb,Ta)O4
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite(Ca,Fe,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)YbNbO4
4.DB.30FerberiteFe2+WO4
4.DB.30HübneriteMn2+WO4
4.DB.30SanmartiniteZnWO4
4.DB.30KrasnoselskiteCoWO4
4.DB.30HeftetjerniteScTaO4
4.DB.30HuanzalaiteMgWO4
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)MgNb2O6
4.DB.35QitianlingiteFe22+Nb2W6+O10
4.DB.35Magnocolumbite(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)MgTa2O6
4.DB.40FerrowodginiteFe2+Sn4+Ta2O8
4.DB.40LithiotantiteLiTa3O8
4.DB.40LithiowodginiteLiTa3O8
4.DB.40TitanowodginiteMn2+TiTa2O8
4.DB.40WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
4.DB.40FerrotitanowodginiteFe2+TiTa2O8
4.DB.40WolframowodginiteMn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8
4.DB.45TivaniteTiV3+O3(OH)
4.DB.50Carmichaelite(Ti,Cr,Fe)(O,OH)2
4.DB.55AlumotantiteAlTaO4
4.DB.60BiehliteSb23+MoO6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
18.1.1LithiotantiteLiTa3O8
18.1.2LueshiteNaNbO3
18.1.3NatroniobiteNaNbO3
18.1.4FranconiteNaNb2O5(OH) · 3H2O
18.1.5NatrotantiteNa2Ta4O11
18.1.6IrtyshiteNa2Ta4O11
18.1.7Rankamaite(Na,K,Pb)(Ta,Nb,Al)4(O,OH)10
18.1.8Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
18.1.9CalciotantiteCaTa4O11
18.1.10RynersoniteCaTa2O6
18.1.11Microlite Group(Ca,Na)2Ta2(O,OH,F)7
18.1.12BelyankiniteCa1-2(Ti,Zr,Nb)5O12 · 9H2O
18.1.13LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6
18.1.14HochelagaiteCaNb4O11 · 8H2O
18.1.15Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.16ParabariomicroliteBaTa4O10(OH)2 · 2H2O
18.1.17Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
18.1.18AlumotantiteAlTaO4
18.1.19SimpsoniteAl4Ta3O13(OH)
18.1.20SosedkoiteK5Al2Ta22O60
18.1.21ThoreauliteSn2+Ta2O6
18.1.22Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.23FoorditeSn2+Nb2O6
18.1.24ChangbaiitePbNb2O6
18.1.25Plumbopyrochlore (of Skorobogatova et al.)A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
18.1.26Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.27StibiocolumbiteSbNbO4
18.1.28StibiotantaliteSb3+TaO4
18.1.29Natrobistantite
18.1.30CesplumtantiteCs2Pb3Ta8O24
18.1.31Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)
18.1.32Cesstibtantite
18.1.34BismutotantaliteBiTaO4
18.1.35Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.36Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
18.1.37GerasimovskiteMn2+(Ti,Nb)5O12 · 9H2O
18.1.38Tapiolite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
18.1.39Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
18.1.40WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8
18.1.42Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
18.1.43Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
18.1.44Columbite
18.1.45Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
18.1.46Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
18.1.47Tapiolite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
18.1.48Columbite-(Mg)MgNb2O6
18.1.50Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
18.1.51 Staringite(Fe,Mn)x(Ta,Nb)2xSn6-3xO12

Other Names for Ixiolite

Synonyms:

Ixionolite

Kassiterotantal

Kimito-tantalite

Pseudo-Ixiolite

Name in Other Languages:
Simplified Chinese:锡铁钽矿
Traditional Chinese:錫鐵鉭礦
Varieties:

Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)

Scandian Ixiolite (of von Knorring)

Wolframoixiolite

Other Information

Thermal Behaviour:
Heating above 700 °C induces order; either to wodginite structure or to columbite structure depending on chemistry.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Ta-ore

References for Ixiolite

Reference List:
Nordenskiöld (1857), Ann. Phys.: 101: 632.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 778.

Khvostova, V. A.; Maksimova, N. V. (1963): New discovery of ixiolite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 148, 424-426 (in Russian).

Nickel, E. H.; Rowland, J. F.; McAdam, R. C. (1963): Ixiolite-a columbite substructure. American Mineralogist, 48, 961-979.

Grice, J. D., Ferguson, R. B., Hawthorne, F. C. (1976): The crystal structures of tantalite, ixiolite and wodginite from Bernic lake, Manitoba. I. Tantalite and ixiolite. Canadian Mineralogist 14, 540-549.

Polyakov, V. O.; Cherepivskaya, G. E. (1981): Ixiolite of the Ilmen Mountains. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 3, 67-75 (in Russian).

Wise, M.A., Černý, P., Falster, A.U. (1998): Scandium substitution in columbite-group minerals and ixiolite. Canadian Mineralogist 36, 673-680.

Internet Links for Ixiolite

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    Localities for Ixiolite

    This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) indicates first recorded locality for everything else. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mtn (Hoggar Mtn)
    		Kesraoui, M., & Nedjari, S. (2002). Contrasting evolution of low-P rare metal granites from two different terranes in the Hoggar area, Algeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 34(3), 247-257.; Kesraoui Mokrane; Marignac Christian; Verkaeren Jean, 2000: Late magmatic evolution of rare earth granites; example of the Tin-Amzi Cupola Ahaggar, Algeria. Bulletin du Service Geologique de l'Algerie 11(2): 195-216
    Argentina
     
    • Salta
      • La Poma department
        • Nevados de Palermo
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); Galliski, M. A. (1983). Distrito minero El Quemado, Deptos. La Poma y Cachi, provincia de Salta. II. Geología de sus pegmatitas. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argentina, 38, 340-380.
    Galliski, M. A., & Černý, P. (2006). Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals in granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(3), 645-666.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Bridgetown-Greenbushes Shire
        • Greenbushes Tinfield
    		Partington, G.A. (1990) Environment and structural controls on the intrusion of the giant rare metal Greenbushes pegmatite, Western Australia. Economic Geology: 85: 437-456.; Econ Geol (1995) 90:616-635
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Binneringie Station
    		Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia
    jacobson, M., calderwood, M., Grguric, B., (2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia
        • Coolgardie
    		Grguric, B. A. & Downes, P. J. (2008): Pegmatite minerals from the Barabara mine, Coolgardie, Western Australia. Australian J. of Mineralogy 14, 55-60.
        • Nepean
    		M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B. Grguric; Pegmatites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007)
      • Port Hedland Shire
        • Abydos Station
          • Wodgina
    		Simpson, Edward S. (1928) Famous Mineral Localities: Wodgina, North West Australia, American Mineralogist, Vol. 13, No. 9, September 1928, pp.457-468.
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Weinzierl am Walde
    		Carinthia II, 193./113 (2003) 195-216.
    Brandstätter, F. & Niedermayr, G. (2003): 1331) Wolframoixiolith in Rauchquarz von Maigen, Niederösterreich. P. 203 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2003): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LII, Carinthia II, 193./113., 195-216.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Itinga
        • Taquaral
          • Piauí valley
    		Dias, C.H. & de Sá Carneiro Chaves, M.L: (2015): Uncommon Nb-tantalate from the Cachoeira mine, Araçuaí pegmatite district (Minas Gerais). Revista Escola des Minas, 68 (4): ?
    • Paraíba
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Frei Martinho
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
        • Nova Palmeira
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228; Beurlen, H., Thomas, R., Melgarejo, J. C., Da Silva, J. M. R., Rhede, D., Soares, D. R., & Da Silva, M. R. (2013). Chrysoberyl-sillimanite association from the Roncadeira pegmatite, Borborema Province, Brazil: implications for gemstone exploration. Journal of GEOsciences, 58(2), 79-90.
        • Pedra Lavrada
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    • Rio Grande do Norte
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Acari
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; - Beurlen, H.; Müller, A.; Silva, D.; Da Silva, M.R.R. (2011): Petrogenetic significance of LA-ICP-MS trace-element data on quartz from the Borborema Pegmatite Province, northeast Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine 75, 2703-2719.
        • Carnaúba dos Dantas
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
        • Parelhas
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; Beurlen, H., Soares, D. R., Thomas, R., Prado-Borges, L. E., & Castro, C. D. (2005). Mineral chemistry of tantalate species new in the Borborema Pegmatitic Province, Northeast Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 77(1), 169-182.
    Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Bird River Greenstone Belt
        • Greer Lake
    		Canadian Mineralogist 36, 547
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 11,pp.591-608 (1972)
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm.; Badham 91978), Davidson (1978 & 1983)
    SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    Sheard, E.R. (2010); SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    • Nunavut
      • Coppermine River area
    		Canadian Mineralogist 36, 547
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Paterson Lake Area
    		ontariominerals.com
    China
     
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Beihu District
    		Guangming Yang, Su Wang, Zhizhong Peng, and Jingzhen Bu (1985): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 5(3), 193-198
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Hohhot League (Huhehaote Prefecture)
        • Wuchuan Co.
    		Fengjun Nie, Fengxiang Wang, Yu'an Zhao, Yan Sun, and Hua Chai (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(4), 730-743
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Quannan Co.
    		Wenlan Zhang, Renmin Hua, and Rucheng Wang (2003): Mineral Deposits 22(2), 158-165, 120
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
          • Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.)
    		[AmMin 84:688]
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
          • Krásno (Schönfeld)
    		Miloš René und Radek Škoda (2011): Nb-Ta-Ti oxides fractionation in rare-metal granites: Krásno-Horní Slavkov ore district, Czech Republic. Mineralogy and Petrology 103, 37-48.
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov District (St Joachimsthal)
            • Horní Blatná District (Platten)
              • Potůčky (Breitenbach)
    		Breiter, K. et al. (2007): Mineralogy and Petrology, 91, 225-248.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Sušice (Schüttenhofen)
    		Černý P., Dostál S., Vítovec J.: Pegmatit z Podmokel u Sušice. Minerál, 2009, 17, 1, 73-76.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
          • Maršíkov (Marchendorf)
    		Novák, M.: Maršíkov - Schinderhübel. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 34-37.
      • South Moravia Region
        • Tišnov
          • Drahonín
    		Škoda, R., Novák, M.: Akcesorické Nb-Ta-Ti minerály z pegmatitu v uranovém dole Drahonín, strážecké moldanubikum. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2004, roč. 89, s. 55 - 66.
      • Vysočina Region
    		Novak, M., & Divis, K. (1996). Compositional trends in manganocolumbite from the Puklice I pegmatite, western Moravia, Czech Republic. Journal of GEOsciences, 41(1-2), 1-6.
        • Třebíč
    		Škoda, R., Novák, M., Houzar, S.: Granitické NYF pegmatity třebíčského plutonu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2006, roč. 91, s. 129 - 176.
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		Novák, M.: Niobový a tantalový rutil – hojné variety rutilu. Minerál, 2004, roč. 12, č. 6, s. 428-431.
    Novák, M.: Niobový a tantalový rutil – hojné variety rutilu. Minerál, 2004, roč. 12, č. 6, 428-431.; Novák, M., Johan, Z., Škoda, R., Černý, P., Šrein, V., & Veselovský, F. (2008). Primary oxide minerals in the system WO3–Nb2O5–TiO2–Fe2O3–FeO and their breakdown products from the pegmatite No. 3 at Dolní Bory-Hatě, Czech Republic. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20(4), 487-499.
    Novák, M., Houzar, S., Pfeiferová, A.: Přehled mineralogie, petrografie a historie klasické lokality lepidolitového pegmatitu v Rožné u Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. geol., 83:3-48.; Novak, M., & Cerny, P. (2001). Distinctive compositional trends in columbite-tantalite from two segments of the lepidolite pegmatite at Rozna Western Moravia, Czech Republic. Journal of GEOsciences, 46(1-2), 1-8.
    P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
    P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
    		Voloshin A.V., Pakhomovskii Ya.A. (1988) Mineralogy of tantalum and niobium in rare-metal pegmatites, - Leningrad, Nauka, p. 240 (in Rus.)
    Egypt
     
    • Red Sea Governorate
      • Eastern Desert
        • Marsa Alam
    		Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.; Fengjun Nie, Fengxiang Wang, Yu'an Zhao, Yan Sun, and Hua Chai (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(4), 730-743
    Helba, H., Trumbull, R.B., Morteani, G., Khalil, S.O., and Arslan, A. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 164-179.
    Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Oromia Region (Oromiya Region)
      • Kenticha pegmatite field
    		Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.; A Geological Excursion To The Mesozoic Sediments Of The Abay Basin ( Blue Nile), Recent Volcanics Of The Ethiopian Main Rift And Basement Rocks Of The Adola Rea, Ethiopia. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges. 147 (2002)
    Finland
     
    • Southern Finland Region
      • Kotka
    		Lahti Seppo I. 2011. Kotkan topaasilouhoksesta ja sen mineraaleista. Kivi-lehti 4.
      • Luumäki
        • Kännätsalo
    		Lahti, Seppo & Kärkkäinen, Niilo 2016. Esiselvitys: REE-mineraalien esiintyminen Etelä-Suomen graniiteissa ja graniittipegmatiiteisssa. Geologinen Tutkimuskeskus raportti28/2016.
      • Tammela
    		Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 370 pp. (in German)
    Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 370 pp (p.296).
    • Southwestern Finland Region
      • Kemiö Island (Kimito Island)
    		Nordenskiöld, A.E. (1857): Beitrag zu Finnlands Mineralogie. Ann.Phys.Chem.(Poggendorf),(1857) 4th ser., 11, 625-634; Nickel, E.H., Rowland, J.F. & McAdam, R.C. (1963): Ixiolite- a columbite substructure. American Mineralogist. 48, 961-979.
    • Western and Inner Finland Region
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
      • Seinäjoki
        • Peräseinäjoki
    		 Hytönen, Kai 1999. Suomen Mineraalit. Geologian tutkimuskeskus. Erillisjulkaisu.
    France
     
    • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
      • Creuse
        • Soumans
          • Montebras
    		Patureau, J., Chiappero, P-J. & Lebocey, J. (2011): Mines et minéraux de Montebras, Soumans, Creuse. Le Règne Minéral. 99, 5-33
    • Occitanie
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
    		Berbain,C., Riley, T., Favreau, G., (2012): Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères (Pyrénées-Orientales). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs. 117, 121-172
          • Collioure (Cotlliure)
    		BERBAIN. C, RILEY. T, FAVREAU. G, (2012) Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères. Ed Association Française de Microminéralogie
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Görlitz
          • Thiemendorf
    		Witzke, T. & Giesler, T. (2013): Eine Seltenerd- und Niob-Tantal-Mineralisation aus dem Königshainer Granit in der Lausitz, Sachsen.- Mineralien-Welt 24(1), 36-45
    Witzke, T. & Giesler, T. (2013): Eine Seltenerd- und Niob-Tantal-Mineralisation aus dem Königshainer Granit in der Lausitz, Sachsen.- Mineralien-Welt 24(1), 36-45
    Germany & Czech Republic
     
    • Erzgebirge; Krusné Hory Mts (Ore Mts)
    		Giovanni Scapin collection (XRD, SEM-EDS)
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Baveno
          • Oltrefiume
            • Mount Camoscio
    		Grill, E. (1935): I minerali del granito di Baveno, la fayalite. Periodico di Mineralogia, 129-133. - Gallitelli, P. (1936): Le miche del granito di Baveno. . Periodico di Mineralogia, 61-76 - Pagliani, G. (1948): Le Zeoliti del granito di Baveno. Periodico di Mineralogia, 175-188. - Ravagnani, D. (1974): I giacimenti uraniferi italiani - Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Ed., Milano, 188 pp. - min. Rec. 14 (3), 157-168 - Am. Min. 83, 1330-1334 (1998) - Am. Min. 84, 782-789 (1999). - Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, second ritrovamento Mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251. - Guastoni, A., Demartin, F., Pezzotta, F. (2004): Sekaninaite delle pegmatiti granitiche di Feriolo e Baveno (VB). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 145, 59-68. - Mineralogist americano (2005) 90, 1442-1452.
    • Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, secondo ritrovamento mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-Südtirol)
      • Trento Province
        • Fiemme Valley
          • Predazzo
    		Vecchi, F., Rocchetti, I. & Gentile, P. (2013): Die Mineralien des Granits von Predazzo, Provinz Trient, Italien. Mineralien-Welt, 24(6), 98-117 (in German).
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		Can Min (2002) 40 (3), 799-814
    Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, F. (1997). Minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. Edizioni Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 249 pp.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Kalba Range
        • Irtysh River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
    		Jeremolenko, V. (2002): Kara-Oba: Mineralogische Perle der Betpak-Ebene bei Dzhambul, Kasachstan. Lapis 27 (4), 13-34 + 50
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region
    		 v. Knorring, O. V., Sahama, Th.G. (1969): Scandian ixiolite from Mozambique and Madagascar. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. 41: 75-77
        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Ibity area)
          • Sahatany Valley
    		Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    Pezzotta, F.(2007): Ta-Nb borates and other rare accessory phases in granitic pegmatites of the Itremo region, central Madagascar. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 35,97-98
    Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de doctorat de L'Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    • Mahajanga Province (Majunga)
      • Boeny Region
        • Ambato-Boeni District
    		Bull. Geol.Soc.Finland 41,75-77 (1969)
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    P.M. Kartashov data
    Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497.
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Swakopmund District
        • Cape Cross area
    		http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html
    • Kunene Region
      • Damaraland District
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern: 417 (in English).
    Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern: 417 (in English).
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		Bergstøl, S. & Juve, G. (1988): Scandian ixiolite, pyrochlore and bazzite in granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. A contribution to the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium and tin. Mineral. Petrol., 38, 229-243; Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. (2000a): Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter. 17, 19-25
    Peter Andresen collection.
    Pakistan
     
    • Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas)
      • Baltistan
        • Skardu District
          • Shigar Valley
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Dzierżoniów District
        • Piława Górna (Ober Peilau; Gnadenfrei)
    		PIECZKA et al. 2010: Nb-Ta minerals in pegmatites in the DSS mine at Piława Górna, Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland. Mineralogia - Special Papers, 37.
    Portugal
     
    • Bragança District
      • Freixo de Espada à Cinta
        • Poiares
      • Vinhais
        • Ervedosa
    • Castelo Branco District
      • Idanha-a-Nova
        • Segura
    		Antunes, I. M. H. R., Neiva, A. M. R., Ramos, J. M. F., Silva, P. B., Silva, M. M. V. G., & Corfu, F. (2013). Petrogenetic links between lepidolite-subtype aplite-pegmatite, aplite veins and associated granites at Segura (central Portugal). Chemie der Erde-Geochemistry, 73(3), 323-341.
    • Viseu District
      • Sátão
        • Ferreira de Aves
          • Aldeia Nova
    		International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-06 Geology and geoeconomical potential of pegmatite deposits: A case study
    Romania
     
    • Suceava Co.
      • Suceava district
        • Iacobeni (Jakobeny; Jacobeny; Jakabfalva)
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
    		P.M. Kartashov data; Makagon, V. (2007) Evolution of Nb, Ta-oxide mineralization in rare-metal pegmatites of the East Sayan belt, Siberia, Russia. in Granitic Pegmatites: The State of the Art – International Symposium. 06th – 12th May 2007, Porto, Portugal. pp 46-47; USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p38
      • Sakha Republic (Saha Republic; Yakutia)
    		Ginzburg A.I. e.a. (1969) Zapiski VMO, v.98, N1, pp. 63-73.(in Rus.).
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Krasnyi Chikoy
    		Fialova, D., Kremplova, M., Hynek, D., Konecna, M., Kaiser, J., Malina, R., ... & Adam, V. (2013). Sosedka Pegmatite Metal Ions Composition Determined by Voltammetry. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 8, 7853-7867.
    [MinRec 32:44]
    Badanina, E.V., Gordienko, V.V., Wiechowski, A., and Friedrich, G. (2008): Geology of ore Deposits 50(8), 772-781.
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		Gonevchuk, V. G., Korostelev, P. G., & Semenyak, B. I. (2005). Genesis of the Tigrinoe tin deposit (Russia). Geology Of Ore Deposits C/C Of Geologiia Rudnykh Mestorozhdenii, 47(3), 223.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Voron'i Tundry
    		dan weinrich
    Rwanda
     
    • Western Province
      • Kabaya District
        • Sebeya river
    		Daltry, V. and O. von Korring (1998) Type-mineralogy of Rawanda with particular reference to the Buranga pegmatite. Geologica Belgica 1:9-11.
    Saudi Arabia
     
    • Mintaqah 'Asir
    		Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Banská Bystrica Co.
        • Brusno
    		Uher, P. ,Černý, P., 1998 : Vzácnoprvková mineralizácia v granitových pegmatitoch Nízkych Tatier. Mineralia Slovaca, 30, 2,93 – 94
    • Bratislava Region
      • Pezinok Co.
        • Limbach
    		Uher, P., Žitňan, P. & Ozdín, D. (2006) Compositional Variations Of Pegmatite Nb-ta Mineral Assemblage From The Limbach Area, Malé Karpaty Mts., Slovakia. Acta Miner.-Petrograph.,Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p.125; Uher, P., & Zitnan, P. (2007). Pegmatitic Nb-Ta oxide minerals in alluvial placers from Limbach, Bratislava Massif, Western Carpathians, Slovakia: compositional variations and evolutionary trend. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 133-141.
        • Pezinok
          • Slnečné Valley
    		Uher P., Žitňan P., Ozdín D., 2007: Pegmatitic Nb-Ta oxide minerals in alluvial placers from Limbach, Bratislava Massif, Western Carpathians, Slovakia: compositional variations and evolutionary trend. Journal of Geosciences, 52, 1-2, 133-141.
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Žilina Region
      • Liptovský Mikuláš Co.
    		Uher P., 2000: Stibiotantalit v pegmatite Sb ložiska Dúbrava - produkt hydrotermálnej alterácie kolumbitu-tantalitu. Min.Slovaca, Bratislava, 32, 109-114
    Sweden
     
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    		Diederik Visser photo
    • Västergötland
      • Vänersborg
        • Väne Ryr
    		Otter, B. (1989): Ixiolit från Gundlabo, Väne Ryr.. Stuffen (Medlemsblad för Södertörn Amatörgeologiska Sällskap). Nr 39, nov 1989, 17
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan (Viloyati Badakhshoni Kuni)
      • Pamir Mts
        • Khorog Region
          • Shakhdara Range
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Thailand
     
    • Phuket Province
    		Econ Geol (1995) 90:603-615
    Econ Geol (1995) 90:603-615
    • Prachuap Khiri Khan Province
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 721-736.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Breage
    		No reference listed
    Ukraine
     
    • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
    		Lyckberg, P., Chornousenko, V. & Wilson, W. E. (2009): Volodarsk-Volynski, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine. Mineralogical Record, 40, 473-506.
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Dailey District (Jones Pass District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
    		AmMin 84:754-763
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • East Hampton (Chatham)
    		Rocks & Min.: 64:471; www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/ixiolite.pdf
    Former Richard Schooner collection
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Alstead
    		Sharon Cisneros
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    • Texas
      • Burnet Co.
    		Self-Collected by Franklin Roberts
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon Co.
        • Wausau Intrusive Complex
          • Nine Mile Pluton
    		www.uwrf.edu/~wc01
    Rocks & Min. (2007) 82:233
    Mineral and/or Locality  
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