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Ixiolite

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Ixiolite

Belogorskoe Ta-Be deposit, Belogorskiy, Ulan district, East Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan
Ixiolite

Vez-Dara River Valley, Shakhdara Range, Khorog Region, Pamir Mts, Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan
Ixiolite

Gundlebo, Väne Ryr, Vänersborg, Västergötland, Sweden
Ixiolite

Belogorskoe Ta-Be deposit, Belogorskiy, Ulan district, East Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan
Ixiolite

Vez-Dara River Valley, Shakhdara Range, Khorog Region, Pamir Mts, Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan
Ixiolite

Gundlebo, Väne Ryr, Vänersborg, Västergötland, Sweden
Ixiolite

Belogorskoe Ta-Be deposit, Belogorskiy, Ulan district, East Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan
Ixiolite

Vez-Dara River Valley, Shakhdara Range, Khorog Region, Pamir Mts, Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan
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About IxioliteHide

Ixion
Formula:
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)4O8
Colour:
Steel-grey, black
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
6 - 6½
Specific Gravity:
7.03 - 7.23
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
After Ixion in Greek mythology, a character related to Tantalus, in allusion to the tantalum content of the material.
Complex oxide with disordered cation distribution (only one cation site in the asymmetric unit) and a unit cell equivalent to a subcell of columbite.

Some "ixiolites" are Nb-dominant and probably a new species (see ixiolite varieties).
Orthorhombic, although some varieties seem to be monoclinic-pseudoorthorhombic (Wise et al., 1998).



Classification of IxioliteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Approval Year:
1962
Strunz 8th ed.:
4/D.17-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
4.DB.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th ed.:
8.1.10.1

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
1 : ABO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
18.1.41

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U

Physical Properties of IxioliteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Steel-grey, black
Hardness:
6 - 6½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
7.03 - 7.23 g/cm3 (Measured)    7.39 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Chemical Properties of IxioliteHide

Formula:
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)4O8
IMA Formula:
(Ta,Mn,Nb)O2
Elements listed:
Mn, Nb, O, Ta - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of IxioliteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.73 Å, b = 4.74 Å, c = 5.16 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.209 : 1 : 1.089
Unit Cell V:
140 ų
Morphology:
Single crystals are "columbite-like", also as spherical aggregates. Rectangular prisms with {100}, {001}, and {010}.
Twinning:
Twinned on {103} at times.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.65 (32)
2.98 (100)
2.87 (5)
2.57 (13)
2.51 (20)
2.37 (5)
2.265 (2)
2.213 (4)
2.104 (9)
2.017 (1)
1.915 (4)
1.826 (6)
1.772 (13)
1.746 (17)
1.722 (24)
1.554 (12)
1.521 (1)
1.490 (1)
1.459 (29)
1.380 (1)
Comments:
The unit-cell is a sub-cell of columbite, with similar parameters except for b, which is one-third of the columbite b parameter.

Type Occurrence of IxioliteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Skogsböle (Skogböle), Kemiö Island (Kimito Island), Southwestern Finland Region, Finland
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granitic pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Tapiolite-(Fe)Feldspar Group

Synonyms of IxioliteHide

Other Language Names for IxioliteHide

Simplified Chinese:锡铁钽矿
Traditional Chinese:錫鐵鉭礦

Varieties of IxioliteHide

Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)A scandium-rich variety of ixiolite. The most Sc-rich samples are Sc-dominant (Bergstøl & Juve, 1988), and may be a new species.
See: http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-72088.html.

A study of the refinement of the structure of scandian ixiolite from Hefte...
Scandian Ixiolite (of von Knorring)Probably a new species because of the Nb-dominance (ixiolite is defined as being Ta-dominant).

See: http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-72088.html

WolframoixioliteA tungsten-bearing variety of ixiolite; possibly a separate species.
Compare qitianlingite.

Originally reported from Polar Yakutia, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Muscovite4 photos of Ixiolite associated with Muscovite on mindat.org.
Wodginite3 photos of Ixiolite associated with Wodginite on mindat.org.
Monazite-(Ce)3 photos of Ixiolite associated with Monazite-(Ce) on mindat.org.
Cleavelandite3 photos of Ixiolite associated with Cleavelandite on mindat.org.
Titanowodginite2 photos of Ixiolite associated with Titanowodginite on mindat.org.
Quartz2 photos of Ixiolite associated with Quartz on mindat.org.
Lithiowodginite1 photo of Ixiolite associated with Lithiowodginite on mindat.org.
Beryl1 photo of Ixiolite associated with Beryl on mindat.org.

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

4.DB.05ArgutiteGeO2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05CassiteriteSnO2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05PlattneritePbO2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.05PyrolusiteMn4+O2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05RutileTiO2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.05TripuhyiteFe3+Sb5+O4Tet.
4.DB.05TugarinoviteMoO2Mon.
4.DB.05Varlamoffite(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2
4.DB.10ByströmiteMgSb2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
4.DB.10OrdoñeziteZnSb2O6Tet.
4.DB.15bAkhtenskiteε-Mn4+O2Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.DB.15cNsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2Hex.
4.DB.15aParamontroseiteV4+O2Orth.
4.DB.15aRamsdelliteMn4+O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.20Scrutinyiteα-PbO2Orth.
4.DB.25IshikawaiteU4+Fe2+Nb2O8Mon.
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)(Y,Fe3+,Fe2+,U,Th,Ca)2(Nb,Ta)2O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.25SrilankiteZrTi2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite(Ca,Fe3+,Y)2(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8Mon.
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)(Yb,Y,Fe3+,Fe2+,U,Th,Ca)2(Nb,Ta)2O8Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30FerberiteFeWO4Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30HübneriteMnWO4Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30Sanmartinite(Zn,Fe)WO4Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DB.30KrasnoselskiteCoWO4Mon.
4.DB.30HeftetjerniteScTaO4Mon. 2/m
4.DB.30HuanzalaiteMgWO4Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)FeNb2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)FeTa2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)MnTa2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6Orth.
4.DB.35Qitianlingite(Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10Orth.
4.DB.35Magnocolumbite(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)(Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.40FerrowodginiteFe2+Sn4+Ta2O8Mon.
4.DB.40LithiotantiteLiTa3O8Mon.
4.DB.40LithiowodginiteLiTa3O8Mon.
4.DB.40TitanowodginiteMn2+TiTa2O8Mon.
4.DB.40WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8Mon.
4.DB.40FerrotitanowodginiteFe2+TiTa2O8Mon.
4.DB.40WolframowodginiteMn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8
4.DB.45TivaniteV3+TiO3(OH)Mon.
4.DB.50Carmichaelite(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x]Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DB.55AlumotantiteAlTaO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.60Biehlite((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4]Mon.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

18.1.1LithiotantiteLiTa3O8Mon.
18.1.2LueshiteNaNbO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
18.1.3NatroniobiteNaNbO3Mon.
18.1.4FranconiteNa(Nb2O5)(OH) · 3H2OMon.
18.1.5NatrotantiteNa2Ta4O11Mon.
18.1.6IrtyshiteNa2(Ta,Nb)4O11Hex.
18.1.7Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmmm
18.1.8Hydropyrochlore(H2O,□)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
18.1.9CalciotantiteCaTa4O11Hex.
18.1.10RynersoniteCaTa2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
18.1.11Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ-nIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
18.1.12BelyankiniteCa1-2(Ti,Nb)5O12 · 9H2O (?)Amor.
18.1.13LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
18.1.14Hochelagaite(Ca,Na,Sr)(Nb,Ti,Si,Al)4O11 · 8H2OMon.
18.1.15Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
18.1.16ParabariomicroliteBaTa4O10(OH)2 · 2H2OTrig.
18.1.17Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)A2Nb2(O,OH)6ZIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
18.1.18AlumotantiteAlTaO4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
18.1.19SimpsoniteAl4(Ta,Nb)3O13(OH,F)Trig. 3 : P3
18.1.20Sosedkoite(K,Na)5Al2(Ta,Nb)22O60Orth.
18.1.21Thoreaulite(Sn2+,Pb)(Ta,Nb)2O6Mon.
18.1.22Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.23FoorditeSn2+(Nb,Ta)2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
18.1.24ChangbaiitePbNb2O6Trig.
18.1.25Plumbopyrochlore (of Skorobogatova et al.)A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
18.1.26Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.27StibiocolumbiteSb(Nb,Ta)O4Orth. mm2
18.1.28StibiotantaliteSb(Ta,Nb)O4Orth. mm2
18.1.29NatrobistantiteIso.
18.1.30Cesplumtantite(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24Tet.
18.1.31Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)
18.1.32Cesstibtantite
18.1.34BismutotantaliteBi(Ta,Nb)O4Orth.
18.1.35Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
18.1.36Tantalite-(Mn)MnTa2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
18.1.37Gerasimovskite(Mn,Ca)(Nb,Ti)5O12 · 9H2O
18.1.38Tapiolite-(Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
18.1.39Columbite-(Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
18.1.40WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8Mon.
18.1.42Columbite-(Fe)FeNb2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
18.1.43Tantalite-(Fe)FeTa2O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
18.1.44ColumbiteOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
18.1.45Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
18.1.46Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m)
18.1.47Tapiolite-(Fe)(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
18.1.48Columbite-(Mg)(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6Orth.
18.1.50Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
18.1.51 Staringite(Fe,Mn)x(Ta,Nb)2xSn6-3xO12

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
Heating above 700 °C induces order; either to wodginite structure or to columbite structure depending on chemistry.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Ta-ore

References for IxioliteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Nordenskiöld (1857), Ann. Phys.: 101: 632.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 778.
Khvostova, V. A.; Maksimova, N. V. (1963): New discovery of ixiolite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 148, 424-426 (in Russian).
Nickel, E. H.; Rowland, J. F.; McAdam, R. C. (1963): Ixiolite-a columbite substructure. American Mineralogist, 48, 961-979.
Grice, J. D., Ferguson, R. B., Hawthorne, F. C. (1976): The crystal structures of tantalite, ixiolite and wodginite from Bernic lake, Manitoba. I. Tantalite and ixiolite. Canadian Mineralogist 14, 540-549.
Polyakov, V. O.; Cherepivskaya, G. E. (1981): Ixiolite of the Ilmen Mountains. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 3, 67-75 (in Russian).
Wise, M.A., Černý, P., Falster, A.U. (1998): Scandium substitution in columbite-group minerals and ixiolite. Canadian Mineralogist 36, 673-680.

Internet Links for IxioliteHide

Localities for IxioliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria
 
  • Tamanghasset Province
    • Ahaggar Mtn (Hoggar Mtn)
Kesraoui, M., & Nedjari, S. (2002). Contrasting evolution of low-P rare metal granites from two different terranes in the Hoggar area, Algeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 34(3), 247-257.; Kesraoui Mokrane; Marignac Christian; Verkaeren Jean, 2000: Late magmatic evolution of rare earth granites; example of the Tin-Amzi Cupola Ahaggar, Algeria. Bulletin du Service Geologique de l'Algerie 11(2): 195-216
Argentina
 
  • Salta
    • La Poma department
      • Nevados de Palermo
Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); Galliski, M. A. (1983). Distrito minero El Quemado, Deptos. La Poma y Cachi, provincia de Salta. II. Geología de sus pegmatitas. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argentina, 38, 340-380.
Galliski, M. A., & Černý, P. (2006). Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals in granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(3), 645-666.
Australia
 
  • Western Australia
    • Bridgetown-Greenbushes Shire
      • Greenbushes Tinfield
Partington, G.A. (1990) Environment and structural controls on the intrusion of the giant rare metal Greenbushes pegmatite, Western Australia. Economic Geology: 85: 437-456.; Econ Geol (1995) 90:616-635
    • Coolgardie Shire
      • Binneringie Station
Jacobson, M., Calderwood, M., Grguric, B.(2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia
jacobson, M., calderwood, M., Grguric, B., (2007): Pegmatites of Western Australia
      • Coolgardie
Grguric, B. A. & Downes, P. J. (2008): Pegmatite minerals from the Barabara mine, Coolgardie, Western Australia. Australian J. of Mineralogy 14, 55-60.
      • Nepean
Calderwood, M.A., Grguric, B.A., Jacobson, M.I. (2007) Guidebook to the Pegmatites of Western Australia. Hesperian Press, Carlisle, Western Australia, 394 pages.
    • Port Hedland Shire
      • Abydos Station
        • Wodgina
Simpson, Edward S. (1928) Famous Mineral Localities: Wodgina, North West Australia, American Mineralogist, Vol. 13, No. 9, September 1928, pp.457-468.
Austria
 
  • Lower Austria
    • Waldviertel
      • Weinzierl am Walde
Carinthia II, 193./113 (2003) 195-216.
Brandstätter, F. & Niedermayr, G. (2003): 1331) Wolframoixiolith in Rauchquarz von Maigen, Niederösterreich. P. 203 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2003): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LII, Carinthia II, 193./113., 195-216.
  • Styria
    • Niedere Tauern
      • Pöls valley
        • Pusterwald
          • Pusterwald-Bretstein area
            • Spodumene pegmatites
Mali, H. (2004): Die Spodumenpegmatite von Bretstein und Pusterwald (Wölzer Tauern, Steiermark). Joannea Mineralogie 2, 5-53.
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Itinga
      • Taquaral
        • Piauí valley
Dias, C.H. & de Sá Carneiro Chaves, M.L: (2015): Uncommon Nb-tantalate from the Cachoeira mine, Araçuaí pegmatite district (Minas Gerais). Revista Escola des Minas, 68 (4): ?
  • Paraíba
    • Borborema mineral province
      • Frei Martinho
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
      • Nova Palmeira
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228; Beurlen, H., Thomas, R., Melgarejo, J. C., Da Silva, J. M. R., Rhede, D., Soares, D. R., & Da Silva, M. R. (2013). Chrysoberyl-sillimanite association from the Roncadeira pegmatite, Borborema Province, Brazil: implications for gemstone exploration. Journal of GEOsciences, 58(2), 79-90.
      • Pedra Lavrada
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
  • Rio Grande do Norte
    • Borborema mineral province
      • Acari
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; - Beurlen, H.; Müller, A.; Silva, D.; Da Silva, M.R.R. (2011): Petrogenetic significance of LA-ICP-MS trace-element data on quartz from the Borborema Pegmatite Province, northeast Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine 75, 2703-2719.
      • Carnaúba dos Dantas
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
      • Parelhas
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; Beurlen, H., Soares, D. R., Thomas, R., Prado-Borges, L. E., & Castro, C. D. (2005). Mineral chemistry of tantalate species new in the Borborema Pegmatitic Province, Northeast Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 77(1), 169-182.
Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
Canada
 
  • Manitoba
    • Bird River Greenstone Belt
      • Greer Lake
Canadian Mineralogist 36, 547
    • Lac-du-Bonnet area
      • Bernic Lake
Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 11,pp.591-608 (1972)
  • Northwest Territories
    • Mackenzie District
www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm.; Badham 91978), Davidson (1978 & 1983)
SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
Sheard, E.R. (2010); SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
  • Nunavut
    • Coppermine River area
Canadian Mineralogist 36, 547
  • Ontario
    • Kenora District
      • Paterson Lake Area
ontariominerals.com
China
 
  • Hunan Province
    • Chenzhou Prefecture
      • Beihu District
Guangming Yang, Su Wang, Zhizhong Peng, and Jingzhen Bu (1985): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 5(3), 193-198
  • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
    • Hohhot League (Huhehaote Prefecture)
      • Wuchuan Co.
Fengjun Nie, Fengxiang Wang, Yu'an Zhao, Yan Sun, and Hua Chai (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(4), 730-743
  • Jiangxi Province
    • Ganzhou Prefecture
      • Quannan Co.
Wenlan Zhang, Renmin Hua, and Rucheng Wang (2003): Mineral Deposits 22(2), 158-165, 120
  • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
    • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
        • Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.)
[AmMin 84:688]
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
      • Krásno (Schönfeld)
Miloš René und Radek Škoda (2011): Nb-Ta-Ti oxides fractionation in rare-metal granites: Krásno-Horní Slavkov ore district, Czech Republic. Mineralogy and Petrology 103, 37-48.
    • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
      • Jáchymov District (St Joachimsthal)
        • Horní Blatná District (Platten)
          • Potůčky (Breitenbach)
Breiter, K. et al. (2007): Mineralogy and Petrology, 91, 225-248.
  • Olomouc Region
    • Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
      • Maršíkov (Marchendorf)
Novák, M.: Maršíkov - Schinderhübel. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 34-37.
  • Plzeň Region
    • Sušice (Schüttenhofen)
Černý P., Dostál S., Vítovec J.: Pegmatit z Podmokel u Sušice. Minerál, 2009, 17, 1, 73-76.
  • South Moravia Region
    • Tišnov
      • Drahonín
Škoda, R., Novák, M.: Akcesorické Nb-Ta-Ti minerály z pegmatitu v uranovém dole Drahonín, strážecké moldanubikum. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2004, roč. 89, s. 55 - 66.
  • Vysočina Region
    • Jihlava District
Novak, M., & Divis, K. (1996). Compositional trends in manganocolumbite from the Puklice I pegmatite, western Moravia, Czech Republic. Journal of GEOsciences, 41(1-2), 1-6.
    • Třebíč District
      • Třebíč
Škoda, R., Novák, M., Houzar, S.: Granitické NYF pegmatity třebíčského plutonu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2006, roč. 91, s. 129 - 176.
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Křižanov
Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.
Novák, M.: Niobový a tantalový rutil – hojné variety rutilu. Minerál, 2004, roč. 12, č. 6, s. 428-431.
Novák, M.: Niobový a tantalový rutil – hojné variety rutilu. Minerál, 2004, roč. 12, č. 6, 428-431.; Novák, M., Johan, Z., Škoda, R., Černý, P., Šrein, V., & Veselovský, F. (2008). Primary oxide minerals in the system WO3–Nb2O5–TiO2–Fe2O3–FeO and their breakdown products from the pegmatite No. 3 at Dolní Bory-Hatě, Czech Republic. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20(4), 487-499.
      • Rožná
Novák, M., Houzar, S., Pfeiferová, A.: Přehled mineralogie, petrografie a historie klasické lokality lepidolitového pegmatitu v Rožné u Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. geol., 83:3-48.; Novak, M., & Cerny, P. (2001). Distinctive compositional trends in columbite-tantalite from two segments of the lepidolite pegmatite at Rozna Western Moravia, Czech Republic. Journal of GEOsciences, 46(1-2), 1-8.
P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
 
  • Katanga (Shaba)
Voloshin A.V., Pakhomovskii Ya.A. (1988) Mineralogy of tantalum and niobium in rare-metal pegmatites, - Leningrad, Nauka, p. 240 (in Rus.)
Egypt
 
  • Red Sea Governorate
    • Eastern Desert
      • Marsa Alam
Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.; Fengjun Nie, Fengxiang Wang, Yu'an Zhao, Yan Sun, and Hua Chai (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(4), 730-743
Helba, H., Trumbull, R.B., Morteani, G., Khalil, S.O., and Arslan, A. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 164-179.
Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
Ethiopia
 
  • Oromia Region (Oromiya Region)
    • Kenticha pegmatite field
Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.; A Geological Excursion To The Mesozoic Sediments Of The Abay Basin ( Blue Nile), Recent Volcanics Of The Ethiopian Main Rift And Basement Rocks Of The Adola Rea, Ethiopia. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges. 147 (2002)
Finland
 
  • Southern Finland Region
    • Kotka
Lahti Seppo I. 2011. Kotkan topaasilouhoksesta ja sen mineraaleista. Kivi-lehti 4.
    • Luumäki
      • Kännätsalo
Lahti, Seppo & Kärkkäinen, Niilo 2016. Esiselvitys: REE-mineraalien esiintyminen Etelä-Suomen graniiteissa ja graniittipegmatiiteisssa. Geologinen Tutkimuskeskus raportti28/2016.
    • Myrskylä
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Jyrki Autio Collection
    • Tammela
Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 370 pp. (in German)
Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 370 pp (p.296).
  • Southwestern Finland Region
    • Kemiö Island (Kimito Island)
Nordenskiöld, A.E. (1857): Beitrag zu Finnlands Mineralogie. Ann.Phys.Chem.(Poggendorf),(1857) 4th ser., 11, 625-634; Nickel, E.H., Rowland, J.F. & McAdam, R.C. (1963): Ixiolite- a columbite substructure. American Mineralogist. 48, 961-979.
  • Western and Inner Finland Region
    • Orivesi
      • Eräjärvi area
Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    • Seinäjoki
      • Peräseinäjoki
 Hytönen, Kai 1999. Suomen Mineraalit. Geologian tutkimuskeskus. Erillisjulkaisu.
France
 
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Creuse
      • Soumans
        • Montebras
Patureau, J., Chiappero, P-J. & Lebocey, J. (2011): Mines et minéraux de Montebras, Soumans, Creuse. Le Règne Minéral. 99, 5-33
    • Haute-Vienne
      • Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat
Harlaux, M., Marignac, C., Cuney, M., & Mercadier, J. (2015, August). The Puy-les-Vignes breccia pipe (Massif Central, France): a unique occurrence of polymetallic W-Nb±Ta-HREE-Bi-Cu-As±Au-Ag mineralization in the Variscan belt. In 13th Biennial SGA Meeting (Vol. 2, pp. 749-752).
  • Occitanie
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
Berbain,C., Riley, T., Favreau, G., (2012): Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères (Pyrénées-Orientales). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs. 117, 121-172
        • Collioure (Cotlliure)
BERBAIN. C, RILEY. T, FAVREAU. G, (2012) Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères. Ed Association Française de Microminéralogie
Germany
 
  • Saxony
    • Oberlausitz
      • Görlitz
        • Thiemendorf
Witzke, T. & Giesler, T. (2013): Eine Seltenerd- und Niob-Tantal-Mineralisation aus dem Königshainer Granit in der Lausitz, Sachsen.- Mineralien-Welt 24(1), 36-45
Witzke, T. & Giesler, T. (2013): Eine Seltenerd- und Niob-Tantal-Mineralisation aus dem Königshainer Granit in der Lausitz, Sachsen.- Mineralien-Welt 24(1), 36-45
Germany & Czech Republic
 
  • Erzgebirge; Krusné Hory Mts (Ore Mts)
Giovanni Scapin collection (XRD, SEM-EDS)
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Baveno
        • Oltrefiume
          • Mount Camoscio
Grill, E. (1935): I minerali del granito di Baveno, la fayalite. Periodico di Mineralogia, 129-133. - Gallitelli, P. (1936): Le miche del granito di Baveno. . Periodico di Mineralogia, 61-76 - Pagliani, G. (1948): Le Zeoliti del granito di Baveno. Periodico di Mineralogia, 175-188. - Ravagnani, D. (1974): I giacimenti uraniferi italiani - Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Ed., Milano, 188 pp. - min. Rec. 14 (3), 157-168 - Am. Min. 83, 1330-1334 (1998) - Am. Min. 84, 782-789 (1999). - Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, second ritrovamento Mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251. - Guastoni, A., Demartin, F., Pezzotta, F. (2004): Sekaninaite delle pegmatiti granitiche di Feriolo e Baveno (VB). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 145, 59-68. - Mineralogist americano (2005) 90, 1442-1452.
• Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, secondo ritrovamento mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251.
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-Südtirol)
    • Trento Province
      • Fiemme Valley
        • Predazzo
Vecchi, F., Rocchetti, I. & Gentile, P. (2013): Die Mineralien des Granits von Predazzo, Provinz Trient, Italien. Mineralien-Welt, 24(6), 98-117 (in German).
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Elba Island
        • Campo nell'Elba
          • San Piero in Campo
Can Min (2002) 40 (3), 799-814
Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, F. (1997). Minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. Edizioni Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 249 pp.
Kazakhstan
 
  • East Kazakhstan Region
    • Kalba Range
      • Irtysh River
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Ulan district
      • Belogorskiy
Pavel M. Kartashov data
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
  • Karaganda Region
    • Karazhal
      • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
Jeremolenko, V. (2002): Kara-Oba: Mineralogische Perle der Betpak-Ebene bei Dzhambul, Kasachstan. Lapis 27 (4), 13-34 + 50
Madagascar
 
  • Antananarivo Province
    • Vakinankaratra Region
      • Antsirabe II District
        • Ibity Commune
          • Sahatany Valley
Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
Pezzotta, F.(2007): Ta-Nb borates and other rare accessory phases in granitic pegmatites of the Itremo region, central Madagascar. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 35,97-98
Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de doctorat de L'Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
v. Knorring, O. V., Sahama, Th.G. (1969): Scandian ixiolite from Mozambique and Madagascar. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. 41: 75-77
  • Mahajanga Province (Majunga)
    • Boeny Region
      • Ambato-Boeni District
Bull. Geol.Soc.Finland 41,75-77 (1969)
Mozambique
 
  • Zambezia Province
    • Alto Ligonha District
P.M. Kartashov data
v. Knorring, O. V., Sahama, Th.G. (1969): Scandian ixiolite from Mozambique and Madagascar. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. 41: 75-77
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Arandis
      • Cape Cross area
http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html
    • Dâures
Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern: 417 (in English).
Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern: 417 (in English).
Norway
 
  • Telemark
    • Drangedal
      • Tørdal
Bergstøl, S. & Juve, G. (1988): Scandian ixiolite, pyrochlore and bazzite in granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. A contribution to the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium and tin. Mineral. Petrol., 38, 229-243; Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. (2000a): Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter. 17, 19-25
Peter Andresen collection.
Pakistan
 
  • Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas)
    • Baltistan
      • Skardu District
        • Shigar Valley
Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
    • Dzierżoniów District
      • Piława Górna (Ober Peilau; Gnadenfrei)
PIECZKA et al. 2010: Nb-Ta minerals in pegmatites in the DSS mine at Piława Górna, Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland. Mineralogia - Special Papers, 37.
Szuszkiewicz, A., Szełęg, E., Pieczka, A., Ilnicki, S., Nejbert, K., Turniak, K., ... & Michałowski, P. (2013) The Julianna pegmatite vein system at the Piława Górna Mine, Góry Sowie Block, SW Poland–preliminary data on geology and descriptive mineralogy. Geological Quarterly, 2013, 57 (3): 000–000
Portugal
 
  • Bragança District
    • Freixo de Espada à Cinta
      • Poiares
    • Vinhais
      • Ervedosa
  • Castelo Branco District
    • Idanha-a-Nova
      • Segura
Antunes, I. M. H. R., Neiva, A. M. R., Ramos, J. M. F., Silva, P. B., Silva, M. M. V. G., & Corfu, F. (2013). Petrogenetic links between lepidolite-subtype aplite-pegmatite, aplite veins and associated granites at Segura (central Portugal). Chemie der Erde-Geochemistry, 73(3), 323-341.
  • Viseu District
    • Sátão
      • Ferreira de Aves
        • Aldeia Nova
International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-06 Geology and geoeconomical potential of pegmatite deposits: A case study
Romania
 
  • Suceava Co.
    • Suceava district
      • Iacobeni (Jakobeny; Jacobeny; Jakabfalva)
http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
Russia
 
  • Eastern-Siberian Region
    • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
      • Irkutskaya Oblast'
P.M. Kartashov data; Makagon, V. (2007) Evolution of Nb, Ta-oxide mineralization in rare-metal pegmatites of the East Sayan belt, Siberia, Russia. in Granitic Pegmatites: The State of the Art – International Symposium. 06th – 12th May 2007, Porto, Portugal. pp 46-47; USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p38
    • Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Ginzburg A.I. e.a. (1969) Zapiski VMO, v.98, N1, pp. 63-73.(in Rus.).
    • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
      • Chitinskaya Oblast'
        • Krasnyi Chikoy
Fialova, D., Kremplova, M., Hynek, D., Konecna, M., Kaiser, J., Malina, R., ... & Adam, V. (2013). Sosedka Pegmatite Metal Ions Composition Determined by Voltammetry. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 8, 7853-7867.
[MinRec 32:44]
Badanina, E.V., Gordienko, V.V., Wiechowski, A., and Friedrich, G. (2008): Geology of ore Deposits 50(8), 772-781.
  • Far-Eastern Region
    • Chukotskii Autonomous Okrug
      • Chukchi Peninsula (Chukotka Peninsula; Chukotski Peninsula)
Kurguzova, A. V., Smirnov, S. Z., Klyukin, Y. I., & Karmanov, N. S. (2014). Bi-rich fluid inclusions in quartz from zwitter related to Li-F granite in the Severny pluton, Chukchi Peninsula: An insight into bismuth behavior during greisenization process. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56(8), 629-636.
    • Primorskiy Kray
      • Arminsky district
Gonevchuk, V. G., Korostelev, P. G., & Semenyak, B. I. (2005). Genesis of the Tigrinoe tin deposit (Russia). Geology Of Ore Deposits C/C Of Geologiia Rudnykh Mestorozhdenii, 47(3), 223.
  • Northern Region
    • Murmanskaya Oblast'
      • Voron'i Tundry
dan weinrich
Rwanda
 
  • Western Province
    • Kabaya District
      • Sebeya river
Daltry, V.D.C. and von Knorring, O. (1998) Type-mineralogy of Rwanda with particular reference to the Buranga pegmatite. Geologica Belgica: 1: 9-15.
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Mintaqah 'Asir
Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Bystrica Co.
      • Brusno
Uher, P. ,Černý, P., 1998 : Vzácnoprvková mineralizácia v granitových pegmatitoch Nízkych Tatier. Mineralia Slovaca, 30, 2,93 – 94
  • Bratislava Region
    • Pezinok Co.
      • Limbach
Uher, P., Žitňan, P. & Ozdín, D. (2006) Compositional Variations Of Pegmatite Nb-ta Mineral Assemblage From The Limbach Area, Malé Karpaty Mts., Slovakia. Acta Miner.-Petrograph.,Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p.125; Uher, P., & Zitnan, P. (2007). Pegmatitic Nb-Ta oxide minerals in alluvial placers from Limbach, Bratislava Massif, Western Carpathians, Slovakia: compositional variations and evolutionary trend. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 133-141.
      • Pezinok
        • Slnečné Valley
Uher P., Žitňan P., Ozdín D., 2007: Pegmatitic Nb-Ta oxide minerals in alluvial placers from Limbach, Bratislava Massif, Western Carpathians, Slovakia: compositional variations and evolutionary trend. Journal of Geosciences, 52, 1-2, 133-141.
  • Košice Region
    • Rožňava Co.
Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
  • Žilina Region
    • Liptovský Mikuláš Co.
Uher P., 2000: Stibiotantalit v pegmatite Sb ložiska Dúbrava - produkt hydrotermálnej alterácie kolumbitu-tantalitu. Min.Slovaca, Bratislava, 32, 109-114
Sweden
 
  • Västerbotten
    • Skellefteå
Diederik Visser photo
  • Västergötland
    • Vänersborg
      • Väne Ryr
Otter, B. (1989): Ixiolit från Gundlabo, Väne Ryr.. Stuffen (Medlemsblad för Södertörn Amatörgeologiska Sällskap). Nr 39, nov 1989, 17
Tajikistan
 
  • Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan (Viloyati Badakhshoni Kuni)
    • Pamir Mts
      • Khorog Region
        • Shakhdara Range
Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Thailand
 
  • Phuket Province
Econ Geol (1995) 90:603-615
Econ Geol (1995) 90:603-615
  • Prachuap Khiri Khan Province
Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 721-736.
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Breage
No reference listed
Ukraine
 
  • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
Lyckberg, P., Chornousenko, V. & Wilson, W. E. (2009): Volodarsk-Volynski, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine. Mineralogical Record, 40, 473-506.
USA
 
  • Colorado
    • Clear Creek Co.
      • Dailey District (Jones Pass District)
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Park Co.
AmMin 84:754-763
  • Connecticut
    • Middlesex Co.
      • East Hampton (Chatham)
Rocks & Min.: 64:471; www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/ixiolite.pdf
Former Richard Schooner collection
  • New Hampshire
    • Cheshire Co.
      • Alstead
Sharon Cisneros
  • South Dakota
    • Custer Co.
      • Custer District
        • Fourmile
Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
  • Texas
    • Burnet Co.
Self-Collected by Franklin Roberts
  • Wisconsin
    • Marathon Co.
      • Wausau Intrusive Complex
        • Nine Mile Pluton
www.uwrf.edu/~wc01
Rocks & Min. (2007) 82:233
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