Johillerite
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About Johillerite
Formula:
Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3
Colour:
Violet
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
4.15
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by P. Keller, H. Hess, and P. Dunn in honor of Professor Johannes-Erich Hiller (1911–1972), mineralogist, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Alluaudite Group. The Cu analogue of calciojohillerite.
Johillerite forms a continuous solid-solution system with badalovite and nickenichite, and a discontinuous solid solution with bradaczekite.
Johillerite forms a continuous solid-solution system with badalovite and nickenichite, and a discontinuous solid solution with bradaczekite.
Classification of Johillerite
Approved
Approval year:
1980
7/A.07-10
8.AC.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
38.2.7.2
38.2.3.8
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
20.3.14
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
3 : Arsenates of Zn, Cd or Hg
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
3 : Arsenates of Zn, Cd or Hg
Physical Properties of Johillerite
Sub-Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Violet
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010} perfect; {001) good.
{010} perfect; {001) good.
Density:
4.15 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Johillerite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.715 nβ = 1.743 nγ = 1.783
2V:
Measured: 80° , Calculated: 82°
Birefringence:
0.068
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.068

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
weak
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemical Properties of Johillerite
Formula:
Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3
IMA Formula:
NaCuMgMg2(AsO4)3
Crystallography of Johillerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.870 Å, b = 12.755 Å, c = 6.770 Å
β = 113.42°
β = 113.42°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.931 : 1 : 0.531
Unit Cell V:
940.55 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
ICDD 35-522
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0005933 | Johillerite | Tait K T, Hawthorne F C (2004) Johillerite from Tolbachik, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia: Crystal-structure refinement and chemical composition The Canadian Mineralogist 42 717-722 | ![]() | 2004 | Tolbachik, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia | 0 | 293 |
0014830 | Johillerite | Keller P, Hess H (1988) Die kristallstrukturen von o'danielit, Na(Zn,Mg)3H2(AsO4)3, und johillerit, Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3 Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1988 395-404 | 1988 | Tsumeb, Namibia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.06 Å | (50) |
3.50 Å | (40) |
3.25 Å | (80) |
2.75 Å | (100) |
2.64 Å | (50) |
1.952 Å | (40) |
1.682 Å | (40) |
1.660 Å | (50) |
Comments:
ICDD 35-522
Type Occurrence of Johillerite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized zone of polymetallic sulfide deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Johillerite
Other Language Names for Johillerite
German:Johillerit
Russian:Йохиллерит
Simplified Chinese:砷铜镁钠石
Spanish:Johillerita
Traditional Chinese:砷銅鎂鈉石
Relationship of Johillerite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
Alluaudite-Ca□ | ◻4Ca4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Alluaudite-Na□ | ◻4Na4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Arseniopleite | NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
Badalovite | Na2Mg2Fe(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Calciojohillerite | NaCaMg3(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Camanchacaite | NaCaMg2[AsO4][AsO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Canutite | NaMn3[AsO4][AsO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Caryinite | (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)CaMn2+2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
Erikapohlite | Cu3(Zn,Cu,Mg)4Ca2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Ferroalluaudite-NaNa | Na4Na4Fe2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Ferrohagendorfite | NaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
Groatite | NaCaMn2(PO4)[PO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Hagendorfite-(Na)(Na) | Fe2+Mn2+(PO4)-(Na)(Na) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Hatertite | Na2(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Cu)2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Keyite | Cu2+3Zn4Cd2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
Khrenovite | Na3Fe3+2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Maghagendorfite | (Na,◻)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
Magnesiocanutite | NaMnMg2[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Magnesiohatertite | (Na,Ca)2Ca(Mg,Fe3+)2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Nickenichite | Na0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
O'Danielite | Na(Zn,Mg)3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Paraberzeliite | NaCa2Mg2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Unnamed (Na-Mg Arsenate Hydroxyarsenate) | NaMg3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Unnamed (Na-Zn-H Arsenate Hydrxyarsenate) | Na(Na0.6Zn0.4)Zn2(H0.6AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Yazganite | NaFe3+2(Mg,Mn2+)(AsO4)3 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Zhanghuifenite | Na3Mn4Mg2Al(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m |
Zincobradaczekite | NaZn2Cu2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Johillerite associated with Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 |
1 photo of Johillerite associated with Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
1 photo of Johillerite associated with Arsmirandite | Na18Cu12Fe3+O8(AsO4)8Cl5 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
8.AC. | Angarfite | NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4 · 4H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
8.AC. | Wopmayite | Ca6Na3◻Mn(PO4)3(PO3OH)4 | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.AC.X | Dyrnaesite-(La) | Na8Ce4+(La,REE)2(PO4)6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
8.AC. | Edtollite | K2NaCu5Fe3+O2(AsO4)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AC. | Alumoedtollite | K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AC.05 | Howardevansite | NaCuFe2(VO4)3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AC.10 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
8.AC.10 | Arseniopleite | NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AC.10 | Caryinite | (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)CaMn2+2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AC.10 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Maghagendorfite | (Na,◻)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
8.AC.10 | Nickenichite | Na0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Ferrohagendorfite | NaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
8.AC.10 | Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Yazganite | NaFe3+2(Mg,Mn2+)(AsO4)3 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.10 | Groatite | NaCaMn2(PO4)[PO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.AC.15 | Bobfergusonite | Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
8.AC.15 | Ferrowyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.15 | Qingheiite | NaMn3+Mg(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.15 | Rosemaryite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.15 | Wyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AC.15 | Ferrorosemaryite | ◻NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3 | Mon. |
8.AC.15 | Qingheiite-(Fe2+) | Na2Fe2+MgAl(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
8.AC.18 | Manitobaite | Na16Mn2+25Al8(PO4)30 | Mon. m : Pb |
8.AC.20 | Marićite | NaFe2+(PO4) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
8.AC.25 | Berzeliite | (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
8.AC.25 | Manganberzeliite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
8.AC.25 | Palenzonaite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(VO4)3 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
8.AC.25 | Schäferite | (NaCa2)Mg2(VO4)3 | Iso. |
8.AC.30 | Brianite | Na2CaMg(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.35 | Vitusite-(Ce) | Na3(Ce,La,Nd)(PO4)2 | Orth. mm2 : Pca21 |
8.AC.40 | Olgite | (Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
8.AC.40 | Bario-olgite | (Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 · | Trig. 3 : P3 |
8.AC.45 | Strontiowhitlockite | Sr9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.AC.45 | Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.AC.45 | Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
8.AC.45 | Tuite | Ca3(PO4)2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
8.AC.45 | Ferromerrillite | Ca9NaFe2+(PO4)7 | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.AC.50 | Chladniite | Na3CaMg11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
8.AC.50 | Fillowite | Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
8.AC.50 | Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 | Trig. |
8.AC.50 | Galileiite | Na3Fe2+Fe2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
8.AC.50 | Stornesite-(Y) | {(Y, Ca)}{Na6◻2}{(Ca,Na)8}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
8.AC.50 | Xenophyllite | Na4Fe2+7(PO4)6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.AC.55 | Harrisonite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2 | Trig. |
8.AC.60 | Kosnarite | KZr2(PO4)3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
8.AC.65 | Panethite | (Na,Ca)2(Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.AC.70 | Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 | Mon. |
8.AC.75 | Ronneburgite | K2MnV4O12 | Mon. 2/m |
8.AC.80 | Tillmannsite | Ag3Hg[(V,As)O4] | Tet. 4 : I4 |
8.AC.85 | Filatovite | K(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8 | Mon. 2/m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
38.2.3.1 | Ferrohagendorfite | NaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
38.2.3.2 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
38.2.3.3 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
38.2.3.4 | Maghagendorfite | (Na,◻)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
38.2.3.5 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
38.2.3.6 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
38.2.3.9 | Nickenichite | Na0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
20.3.1 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
20.3.2 | Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.3.3 | Koritnigite | Zn(HAsO4) · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.3.4 | Legrandite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
20.3.5 | Warikahnite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.3.6 | Köttigite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
20.3.7 | Stranskiite | Zn2Cu(AsO4)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.3.8 | Philipsburgite | (Cu,Zn)6(AsO4,PO4)2(OH)6 · H2O | Mon. |
20.3.9 | Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
20.3.10 | Prosperite | Ca2Zn4(AsO4)4 · H2O | Mon. |
20.3.11 | Gaitite | Ca2Zn(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.3.12 | Zincroselite | Ca2Zn(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. |
20.3.13 | O'Danielite | Na(Zn,Mg)3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
20.3.15 | Holdenite | (Mn2+,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ccca |
20.3.16 | Chudobaite | (Mg,Zn)5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O | Tric. |
20.3.17 | Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
20.3.18 | Lotharmeyerite | CaZn2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
20.3.19 | Metaköttigite | (Zn,Fe,Fe)3(AsO4)2 · 8(H2O,OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
20.3.20 | Ojuelaite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
20.3.21 | Fahleite | CaZn5Fe3+2(AsO4)6 · 14H2O | Orth. |
20.3.22 | Keyite | Cu2+3Zn4Cd2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
Fluorescence of Johillerite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Johillerite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Keller, P., Hess, H., Dunn, P.J. (1982) Johillerit, Na(Mg, Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3, ein neues Mineral aus Tsumeb, Namibia. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 29: 169–175. [in German with English abstract]
Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 1075.
Keller, P., Hess, H. (1988) Die Kristallstrukturen von O'Danielit, Na(Zn,Mg)3H2(AsO4)3 und Johillerit, Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Mineralogie Monatshefte: 1988: 395-404. [in German]
Tait, K.T., Hawthorne, F.C. (2004) Johillerite from Tolbachik, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia: Crystal-structure refinement and chemical composition. The Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 717-722.
Natalia N. Koshlyakova, Natalia V. Zubkova, Igor V. Pekov, Gerald Giester, Evgeny G. Sidorov (2018): Crystal chemistry of johillerite. Canadian Mineralogist 56, 189-201.
Internet Links for Johillerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2104.html
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Localities for Johillerite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| Bender, D. and Krimmelbein, W. (1994) Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. Stand Juni 1994. Mineralien-Welt, 4/94, 10.; Wittern, A. (2001) Mineralfundorte in Deutschland. |
Namibia (TL) | |
| Keller, P., Hess, H., Dunn, P.J. (1982) Johillerit, Na(Mg, Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3, ein neues Mineral aus Tsumeb, Namibia. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 29: 169–175. |
Russia | |
| Glavatskikh, S.F. and Bykova, E.Y. (1998) First finding of exhalative johillerite (Kamchatka). Doklady Akademii Nauk: 361: 795-798.; Jambor, J.L. and Roberts, A.C. (2002) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 87: 765-768.; Vergasova, L.P., Krivovichev, S.V., Britvin, S.N., Burns, P.C., and Ananiev, V.V. (2004) Filatovite, K[(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8], a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy: 16(3): 533-536.; |
Pekov, I.V., Zubkova, N.V., Yapaskurt, V.O., Belakovskiy, D.I., Lykova, I.S., Vigasina, M.F., Sidorov, E.G., Pushcharovsky, D.Yu. (2014): New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. I. Yurmarinite, Na7(Fe3+,Mg,Cu)4(AsO4)6. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 905-917; Zubkova, N. V., Pekov, I. V., Ksenofontov, D. A., Yapaskurt, V. O., Pushcharovsky, D. Y., & Sidorov, E. G. (2018, March). Arcanite from Fumarole Exhalations of the Tolbachik Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia) and Its Crystal Structure. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 479, pp. 339-341). Pleiades Publishing.; Shchipalkina, N.V.; Pekov, I.V.; Britvin, S.N.; Koshlyakova, N.N.; Vigasina, M.F.; Sidorov, E.G. (2019) A New Mineral Ferrisanidine, K[Fe3+Si3O8], the First Natural Feldspar with Species-Defining Iron. Minerals 9, 770.; Pekov, I. V., Shchipalkina, N. V., Zubkova, N. V., Gurzhiy, V. V., Agakhanov, A. A., Belakovskiy, D. I., ... & Sidorov, E. G. (2019). Alkali sulfates with aphthitalite-like structures from fumaroles of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. I. Metathenardite, a natural high-temperature modification of Na2SO4. The Canadian Mineralogist, 57(6), 885-901. | |
| Shchipalkina, N. V., Pekov, I. V., Koshlyakova, N. N., Britvin, S. N., Zubkova, N. V., Varlamov, D. A., & Sidorov, E. G. (2020). Unusual silicate mineralization in fumarolic sublimates of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia–Part 1: Neso-, cyclo-, ino-and phyllosilicates. European Journal of Mineralogy, 32(1), 101-119. |
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Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia