Joséite
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Formula:
Bi4TeS2
Colour:
Silver-white, tarnishing to lead-grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
8.1 - 8.4
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named for the Type Locality, San José, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Originally reported from San José mine, Mariana, Minas Gerais, Southeast Region, Brazil.
Possibly just tellurium-rich Ikunolite (see P. Bayliss: Am. Mineral. 76 (1991), 257-265).
See also Joséite-A and Joséite-B (both questionable), and Joséite-C (published without approval).
Possibly just tellurium-rich Ikunolite (see P. Bayliss: Am. Mineral. 76 (1991), 257-265).
See also Joséite-A and Joséite-B (both questionable), and Joséite-C (published without approval).
Classification of Joséite
2/D.11-30
2 : Sulphides
D : Sulphides with metal: sulphur, selenium and tellurium < 1:1, Tellurides with Copper, Silver, Gold
11 : Tetradymite group, Ikunolite - Joseite-B series
2 : Sulphides
D : Sulphides with metal: sulphur, selenium and tellurium < 1:1, Tellurides with Copper, Silver, Gold
11 : Tetradymite group, Ikunolite - Joseite-B series
Dana 7th ed.:
2.6.2.1
2.6.2.1
2 : SULFIDES
6 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 4:3
2 : SULFIDES
6 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 4:3
3.7.30
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
Physical Properties of Joséite
Metallic
Colour:
Silver-white, tarnishing to lead-grey
Streak:
Grey
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=40 - 87 - Vickers
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {0001}! Flexible
Perfect on {0001}! Flexible
Fracture:
Micaceous
Density:
8.1 - 8.4 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Joséite
Type:
Uniaxial
Type:
Anisotropic
Anisotropism:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
8-54%nm | R=8-54% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 8-54%.
Colour in reflected light:
White
Chemical Properties of Joséite
Formula:
Bi4TeS2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Joséite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Synonyms of Joséite
Other Language Names for Joséite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Bismuth | 7 photos of Joséite associated with Bismuth on mindat.org. |
Phlogopite | 3 photos of Joséite associated with Phlogopite on mindat.org. |
Bismuthinite | 1 photo of Joséite associated with Bismuthinite on mindat.org. |
Eulytine | 1 photo of Joséite associated with Eulytine on mindat.org. |
Bismite | 1 photo of Joséite associated with Bismite on mindat.org. |
Quartz | 1 photo of Joséite associated with Quartz on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping (8th Edition)
2/D.11-10 | Ikunolite | Bi4(S,Se)3 | Trig. |
2/D.11-20 | Laitakarite | Bi4Se2S | Trig. 3m : R3m |
2/D.11-35 | Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S | Trig. |
2/D.11-40 | Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
2.6.2.2 | Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S | Trig. |
2.6.2.3 | Ikunolite | Bi4(S,Se)3 | Trig. |
2.6.2.4 | Laitakarite | Bi4Se2S | Trig. 3m : R3m |
2.6.2.5 | Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
2.6.2.6 | Poubaite | PbBi2(Se,Te,S)4 | Trig. |
2.6.2.7 | Rucklidgeite | PbBi2Te4 | Trig. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
3.7.1 | Patrónite | VS4 | Mon. |
3.7.2 | Duranusite | As4S | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmna |
3.7.3 | Dimorphite | As4S3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
3.7.4 | Realgar | As4S4 | Mon. 2/m |
3.7.5 | Pararealgar | As4S4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
3.7.6 | Alacránite | As8S9 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
3.7.7 | Uzonite | As4S5 | Mon. |
3.7.8 | Orpiment | As2S3 | Mon. 2/m |
3.7.9 | Jeromite | Amor. | |
3.7.10 | Laphamite | As2(Se,S)3 | Mon. 2/m |
3.7.11 | Getchellite | AsSbS3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
3.7.12 | Wakabayashilite | [(As,Sb)6S9][As4S5] | Orth. mm2 : Pna21 |
3.7.13 | Pääkkönenite | Sb2AsS2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
3.7.14 | Stibnite | Sb2S3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
3.7.15 | Metastibnite | Sb2S3 | Amor. |
3.7.16 | Tellurantimony | Sb2Te3 | Trig. |
3.7.17 | Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
3.7.18 | Nevskite | Bi(Se,S) | Trig. |
3.7.19 | Guanajuatite | Bi2Se3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
3.7.21 | Ikunolite | Bi4(S,Se)3 | Trig. |
3.7.22 | Laitakarite | Bi4Se2S | Trig. 3m : R3m |
3.7.23 | Poubaite | PbBi2(Se,Te,S)4 | Trig. |
3.7.24 | Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 | Trig. |
3.7.25 | Součekite | PbCuBi(S,Se)3 | Orth. |
3.7.26 | Tsumoite | BiTe | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
3.7.27 | Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
3.7.28 | Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
3.7.29 | Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
3.7.31 | Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S | Trig. |
3.7.32 | Ingodite | Bi2TeS | Trig. |
3.7.33 | Sulphotsumoite | Bi3Te2S | Trig. |
3.7.34 | Kawazulite | Bi2Te2Se | Trig. |
3.7.36 | Skippenite | Bi2TeSe2 | Trig. |
3.7.37 | Kochkarite | PbBi4Te7 | Trig. |
3.7.38 | Rucklidgeite | PbBi2Te4 | Trig. |
3.7.39 | Aleksite | PbBi2Te2S2 | Trig. |
3.7.40 | Junoite | Cu2Pb3Bi8(S,Se)16 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Joséite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 166-167.
American Mineralogist (1949): 34: 365-366.
Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva (1983): 112: 589-601.
P. Bayliss: Am. Mineral. 76 (1991), 257-265
Cook, N. J., Ciobanu, C. L., Wagner, T., Stanley, C. J. (2007): Minerals of the system Bi-Te-Se-S related to the tetradymite archetype: review of classification and compositional variation. Canadian Mineralogist 45, 665-708.
Internet Links for Joséite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2115.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Localities for Joséite
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Hooke, P. (1971). Report on Whipstick Molybdenum Mines, Far South Coast, N.S.W. for Planet Metals Limited; J. L. Willis and B. F. J. Stevens (1971) Uranium. Geologicial Survey of New South Wales The Mineral Industry of New South Wales No. 43 |
| Lawrence, L.J. & Markham, N.L. (1962) - A contribution to the study of the molybdenite pipes of Kingsgate, NSW, with special reference to ore mineralogy. - Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 203, 67-94. |
Clissold, M. E., Leverett, P., Sharpe, J. L. & Williams, P. A. (2008): Primary bismuth minerals from the Wolfram pipe, Kingsgate, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 19-25. ; Clissold, M. E. (2007) Aspects of the Supergene Geochemistry of Copper, Nickel and Bismuth. PhD Thesis University of Sydney, Australia 162pp. | |
| part of list University of Queensland |
| Qld Dept of Mines,- mines records ; Den, B. E. (1977) Lady Elliot Island Fraser Island. Field Conference Geological Society of Australia Incorporated, Queensland Division |
| Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania |
| Burchard, U. (1977). Genesis of the King Island (Tasmania) scheelite mine. In Time-and Strata-Bound Ore Deposits (pp. 199-204). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
| Mueller, Andreas G.; Lawrance, Louisa M.; Muhling, Janet; Pooley, Gregory D. (2012): Mineralogy and PTX relationships of the Archean Hannan South Au-Cu (Co-Bi) deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: thermodynamic constraints on the formation of a zoned intrusion-related skarn. Economic Geology 107, 1-24. |
Austria | |
| Pichler, A. (2009): Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Kärnten, 63. Sonderheft, 1-416 |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Pichler, A. (2009): Bergbau in Westkärnten. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der noch sichtbaren Merkmale der historischen Bergbaue in Westkärnten. p.94 |
Pichler, A. (2009): Bergbau in Westkärnten. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der noch sichtbaren Merkmale der historischen Bergbaue in Westkärnten. - Carinthia II, 63. Sh., 416 S., Klagenfurt | |
PICHLER, A. (2009): Bergbau in Westkärnten. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der noch sichtbaren Merkmale der historischen Bergbaue in Westkärnten. p.88, 92-94 | |
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 | |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) |
Bolivia | |
| [MinRec 32:474] |
| 2cm crystals! Several analytical confirmations by Dr. Werner Paar; Excalibur Mineral Co.... |
Brazil | |
| Kenngoth 1853 |
| Neto, J.A.S., Legrand, J.M., Volfinger, M., Pascal, M.-L., and Sonnet, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 185-205. |
Bulgaria | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
Canada | |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 |
| Dana's New Mineralogy; Fleischer M (1945) New mineral names, American Mineralogist 30, 644 |
| Dennis, Frank A. R., "Petrology and Mineraliation of the Deep Cove Pluton, Gabarus Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia", M.Sc. Thesis, Acadia University, September 1987. |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 |
China | |
| Xiangping Gu, Watanabe, M., Hoshino, K., and Shibata, Y. (2001): Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 289–309; Jambor, J.L., Grew, E.S., and Roberts, A.C. (2002): American Mineralogist 87, 181-184 |
| Junwu Lu and Yuanfa Xia (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(3), 29-31 |
| http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM76/AM76_665.pdf |
| Zhixia Pei, Baolin He, Zhongliang Han, and Guiwu Ao (2004): Gold Geology 10(2), 28-32 |
| Zailin Zeng, Yongzhong Zhang, Zhenghui Chen, Yuchuan Chen, Xiangpei Zhu, Qiquan Tong, Binghua Zheng, and You Zhao (2011): Mineral Deposits 30(5), 949-958 |
| Tong Pan and Fengyue Sun (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(1), 18-22; Chunyan Dong, Xiaoguo Chi, Fengyue Sun, and Yuan Zhang (2005): Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources 1(1), 29-33 |
| Yuchuan Chen, Jianzhao Yin, Jianxiong Zhou, Jingwen Mao, Baichuan Yang, and Yaonan Luo (1994): Scientia Geologica Sinica 29(2), 165-167; Jingwen Mao, Yuchuan Chen, Yunfen Lei, Jianxiong Zhou, and Baichuan Yang (1995): Scientia Geologica Sinica 30(1), 47-52; Chunqi Wen, Zhimin Cao, Baohua Li, and Xiaojun Luo (2002): Journal of Chengdu University of Technology 29(5), 526-532; Caixia Feng, Jiajun Liu, and Shen Liu (2002): Mineral Deposits 21(suppl.), 812-815 |
| Fuquan Yang, Shenghao Yan, Guoren Liu, Gang Zhou, Zhixin Zhang, Feng Liu, Xinxia Geng, and Chunli Guo (2010): Mineral Deposits 29(6), 956-971 |
Czech Republic | |
| Zachariáš, J., Pudilová, M., Žák, K., Morávek, P., Litochleb, J., Váňa, T., Pertold, Z. (1997) P-T conditions, fluid inclusions and O, C, S isotope characteristics of gold-bearing mineralizations within the Central Bohemian Metallogenic Zone. - Acta Univ. Carolinae – Geologica, 41 (3-4), pp. 167–178. |
| Breiter K., Škoda R., Veselovský F.: Neobvyklý P-, Li- a Sn-bohatý pegmatit z Vernéřova u Aše, Česká republika. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2009, roč. 17, č. 1, s. 41-59. |
| Malec, J., Veselovský, F., Šrein, V., Škoda, R. (2013): Zlato a Bi-minerály ve skarnech Českomoravské vrchoviny. – Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 98, 1, 23–31. |
| Litochleb, J.: Mineralogie zlatonosného zrudnění z dolu Jakub u Kasejovic (jz. Čechy). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1998, roč. 6, s. 102-112. |
| Litochleb J.: Zlatonosné žíly v Újezdci u Bělčic. Sborník Jihočeského muzea v Českých Budějovicích, Přírodní vědy, 1984, 24, 73-80. |
| Petr Paulis (2001): Die interessanten mineralogische Fundstellen in Mahren und Schlesien; Kuttna, Kutná Hora p69-73 |
| Malec, J., Veselovský, F., Šrein, V., Škoda, R. (2013): Zlato a Bi-minerály ve skarnech Českomoravské vrchoviny. – Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 98, 1, 23–31. |
Egypt | |
| Helmy, H. M., Stumpfl, E. F., & Kamel, O. A. (1995). Platinum-group minerals from the metamorphosed Abu Swayel Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 90(8), 2350-2360. |
Finland | |
| Kinnunen, Aulis 2008. A paleoproterozoic high-sulfidation epithermal deposit at Orivesi, Southern Finland. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis, Series A. Scientiae Rerum Naturalium 507. |
France | |
| Chauris, L. (2014): Minéraux de Bretagne, Les Editions du Piat, 83. |
Hungary | |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985 |
Iran | |
| Nezafatis, N. (2006): Au-Sn-W-Cu Mineralization in the Astaneh-Sarband Area, West Central Iran. PhD thesis, University of Tübingen (Germany), 116 pp. |
Japan | |
| Mitsubishi Corporation mineral collection, Ikuno |
| Nagashima, M., Akasaka, M., & Morifuku, Y. (2016). Ore and Skarn Mineralogy of the Yamato Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, with Emphasis on Silver‐, Bismuth‐, Cobalt‐, and Tin‐bearing Sulfides. Resource Geology, 66(1), 37-54. |
| Shimizu et al (1999) Memoirs of Tochigi Prefectural Museum, 16, 89-101. |
| Am. Min. 75:434-435 (1990) |
| XRD confirmation by Hori Mineralogy, Tokyo, and F. Keutsch, Harvard. |
Kazakhstan | |
| Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing. |
Spiridonov, E. M. (1982): Mineralogy of the Ichkeul'mes skarn copper deposit, central Kazakhstan. Novye Dannye o Mineralakh 30, 208-226. | |
Kosovo | |
| Kołodziejczyk, J., Pršek, J., Melfos, V., Voudouris, P. C., Maliqi, F., & Kozub-Budzyń, G. (2015). Bismuth minerals from the Stan Terg deposit (Trepça, Kosovo). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 192(3), 317-333. |
Morocco | |
| Y. Moëlo : "Compte-rendu de la réunion "Systématique des Minéraux" du 23 novembre 1989", Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral. , France. |
New Zealand | |
| Rabone, S.D.C. (1977) Molybdenum-base metal-bismuth mineralisation at Eliot Creek, Karamea Bend, and Taipo Spur, North-west Nelson, New Zealand. (Unpublished PhD thesis), University of Auckland, New Zealand. |
Norway | |
| Karup-Møller, S. (1973): A giessenite-cosalite-galena-bearing mineral suite from the Bjørkåsen sulphide deposit at Ofoten in Northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 53: 41-64; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 34 |
Pakistan | |
| AKHTER, Q. J., XUE, C., GHAFAR, A. and XIANG, K. (2014), The Saindak Porphyry Cu (-Ag) Deposits in Chagai, Western Pakistan: Alteration, Mineralization Characteristics and Genesis. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 593–594 |
Poland | |
| 1. R. Siuda, 2001 : New sulphate minerals from the Stara Góra oxidised zone, Radzimowice, Kaczawskie Mts., Mineralogical Society of Poland, Special Papers, vol 18, 186-188 |
| Mochnacka, K., Oberc-Dziedzic, T., Mayer, W., & Pieczka, A. (2015). Ore mineralization related to geological evolution of the Karkonosze–Izera Massif (the Sudetes, Poland)—Towards a model. Ore Geology Reviews, 64, 215-238. |
| Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52. ; Pieczka, A., Gołębiowska, B., & Parafiniuk, J. (2011). Gold in sulfide-telluride assemblages at Rędziny, Rudawy Janowickie Range. Gold in Poland, AM Monograph, (2), 119-134. |
Portugal | |
| Antunes, I.M.H.R., Gomes, M.E.P., Neiva, A.M.R., and Teixeira, R.J.S. (2010): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2010. |
Romania | |
| Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp. |
Russia | |
| http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm |
| [MinRec 32:8] |
Simanenko, L.F. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(4), 290-303 | |
Gvozdev, V.I., Dobroshevsky, K.N., Vakh, A.S. et al. (2016): Malinovka deposit—A new type of gold mineralization in Primorye, Russia: Geology, mineralogy, and genesis. Russ. J. of Pac. Geol. 10, 34-49. | |
| Gvozdev, V. I., & Tsepin, A. I. (2005). Bismuth Mineralization in the Ores of the Vostok-2 Deposit (Primor'e Region, Russia). Geology of Ore Deposits, 47(2), 132-145. |
| Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484 |
| |
Parada, S. G., & Stolyarov, V. V. (2012, August). Relation of gold mineralization on the northern flank of the Tyrnyauz deposit to intrusive complexes, Kabardino-Balkar Republic. In Doklady Earth Sciences (Vol. 445, No. 2, pp. 939-942). MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica. | |
| Eremin, N. I.; Okrugin, V. M.; Pozdnyakova, N. V.; Sergeeva, N. E. (1973): Mineralogy of the Strezhanskoe chalcopyrite-complex ore deposit at the Rudnii Altai. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 4: Geologiya, 28, 58-75 (in Russian). |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590 |
| Bálintová T., Ozdín D.,2006:Sulphosalts from Chyžné-Herichová in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). Acta Miner.-Petrograph.,Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p.8 |
| Bacsó,Z.,Ďuďa,R.,1988: Metalogenéza a rudné formácie rudného poľa Remetské Hámre. Min.Slovaca,Bratislava, 3, 193-220p |
| Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k |
South Africa | |
| S.M.C. Verryn et al (1991) Gold and associated ore minerals of the Waaikraal deposit, northwest of Brits, Bushveld Complex, Eur. J. Mineral, 3, pp. 451-466. |
South Korea | |
| Econ Geol 92 (1997) 92:60-80 |
Spain | |
| Tornos, F., González Clavijo, E., and Spiro, B. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 150-169. |
| Romero Silva,JC; Martos J; Navarro Garcia,JM (2012). La Mina Conchita de Estepona (Malaga). un raro yacimiento de metales complejos en Sierra Bermeja. Edita Anuario de Estudios sobre Ronda y la Serrania Takurunna nº2; año 2012 pag.9. |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990 |
Sweden | |
| No reference listed |
| No reference listed |
| No reference listed |
| Wagner, T., & Jonsson, E. (2001). Mineralogy of sulfosalt-rich vein-type ores, Boliden massive sulfide deposit, Skellefte district, northern Sweden. The Canadian Mineralogist, 39(3), 855-872. |
| No reference listed |
Switzerland | |
| Schweizer Strahler, Vol. 9 Nr. 11 Aug. 1993 |
Tajikistan | |
| Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy (2003): New Data on Minerals: 38: 101-112.; Plotinskaya, O. Y., Kovalenker, V. A., Seltmann, R., & Stanley, C. J. (2006). Te and Se mineralogy of the high-sulfidation Kochbulak and Kairagach epithermal gold telluride deposits (Kurama Ridge, Middle Tien Shan, Uzbekistan). Mineralogy and Petrology, 87(3-4), 187-207. |
UK | |
| Goley, P. and Williams R. (1995) Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications |
| BMS Database; Cook, N. J., Ciobanu, C. L., Wagner, T., & Stanley, C. J. (2007). Minerals of the system Bi–Te–Se–S related to the tetradymite archetype: review of classification and compositional variation. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45(4), 665-708. |
| BMS Database |
USA | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. | |
| Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated |
Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| http://www.pnwfm.org/newsletters/PNWFM_newsletter_0409.pdf |
Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England, UK